MIDTERMS EXAM RELIGION
- importance of knowledge and
MODULE 1
MAN AND RELIGION
1. It discusses the different
philosophical and theological views
of man which include the meaning
and ultimate end of man. this
module emphasizes the importance
of life and its purpose.
2. Man and His Nature
a. Nature of Man
- He bears the image of God, he is
God's steward of creation, compose
of body & soul.
- He can set his goals & move
toward them, he can make decisions
& rule.
- Here is the power point that can
help you understand better the
discussion.
b. Plato
b. Philosophical views of Man
- Any human being endowed with
reason, compose of body and soul.
- In the Western Philosophy, ancient
Greek philosophers like Plato,
Aristotle and more gives us the
notion of being a man in the Western
world
- Eastern Philosophers especially in
the East Asian region gives us their
own ideas on being a Man during
their lifetime.
3. Man in Western Philosophy
a. Socrates
- Founder of Western Philosophy
- For him, he sought to discover
the truth and the good life.
- “an unexamined life is not
worth living”
- “to find yourself, think for
yourself”
true wisdom
- Knowledge leads the way to
ethical action
- He stresses the value of soul, in
the sense of thinking and willing
subject
- To him, knowledge and virtue
are one.
- wise man knows what is right,
and will also do what is right.
- If a person dies the souls
continue to function – thinking
but the soul has no appetite.
- Unembodied Soul – The soul is
no longer in the body
- Embodied Soul – Human being,
buhay na tao
- both body and soul have needs
-
- the quality of soul
- The soul as having three parts,
which he calls reason, spirit, and
appetite.-kinds of activity going
in a person concept of soul.
- Reason, for there is an
awareness of a goal or a value.
- Spirit, which is the drive toward
action responds to the direction
of reason.
- Appetite, the desire for the
things of the body.
- The soul is most like divine and
immortal, intellectual,
indissoluble, unchanging and the
body
- Most like the humans and
multiform and intellectual and
dissoluble and ever changing
- Diyos – Eternal
- Tao – Immortal
 - God intended the soul to live
forever (intention)
- Love is a serious mental
disease.
- popular with political
philosophy

c. Aristotle
- Self- realization is the highest
good attainable by man. 5. Search for absolute truth
- The highest, richest and super a. systemic approach – all events in
natural form of self-realization the universe are interconnected
stems from the full cultivation of b. Searching inside yourself- by
man’s highest nature, namely, becoming a part of the universe
rational through meditation and right living.
- What is the truth.
6. Search for the Truth and
4. Man in Eastern Philosophy Fundamental Research
- Main Schools - The truth is given is does not have
a. Buddism to be proved.
b. Confucianism - The philosophic base for and
c. Hinduism culture of fundamental research is
d. Islam weaker.
d. Taoism
e. Zen 7. Future
f. Legalism - your future is determined by your
g. Maoism deeds today.
h. Shinto - “study the past if you would like to
- Main Principles divine the future” – Confucius
a. Cosmological Unity
b. Life is journey toward eternal 8. Beliefs and Values
realities - The true key is inside
c. circular view of the universe - The inner world of a human being
d. Inner-world dependent and his/her ability to control and
e. Self- liberation of false “me” and develop it is of the highest value.
finding the true “me”
9. Individualism/ Collectivism
e. Behavioral Ethics
- A human being is an integral part
- Me concept
of the universe and the society.
- people are fundamentally
connected
- Duty towards all others is a very
important matter.
- Collectivism is stronger
10. Improvement/Evolution
- Cyclic developmement
- improvement is never an ending
journey that has no limits
11. Radical/ Revolution
- The fundamental status quo should
not be questioned.
- The culture considering and
introducing radical changes is
weaker.
12. Theological Views of Man
- created by God in His own image
& likeness, compose of body &
soul, given by God knowledge &
free will, capable of entering into
communion with God, created for a
purpose
13. 3 Basic ways to know who man is :
* From the Nature of Things
a. -According to Teilhard de
Chardin “ Man is the only thing who
knows that he knows.” He is able
through reason to discover many
things about himself, divine plan for
things including himself.”
b. Rational- Man can think, we can
figure out problems, discover laws
within nature, we read and learn
from the experience of others.
c. Free- Man has the ability to
choose-having certain amount of
freedom which enables him to
change, improve, and direct his
future. He has free will which
enables him to choose between good
and evil.
d. Love- has capable of desiring
good for another person. If he
desires the good of another, he
loves! Choosing “for” other means
advancing their well-being, making
sure that they grow, creating the
atmosphere of wishing good things
happen to them.
e. Body Person- Man is related to
the rest of created reality. We
become ourselves through the bodies
we have, we express and experience
reality through emotions desires,
drives, feelings and our likes and
dislikes.
f. Unique though social- Man’s
uniqueness shines forth only in
community in others, we are like
rarest gems which has its own
particular glimmer.
g. Historical- We are our past; we
live continuity with our past, present
and future.
* Old Testament Revelation
- The written word of God as found
in the Old Testament also reveals to
us certain things about man.
a. Image of God- “ God created man
in his image, in the divine image he
created them; male and female, he
created them” (Gen. 1: 27).
- Thus our way of thinking and
loving should reflect the beauty, the
wisdom, the love of the creator.
b. Fundamentally Good- “ God
looked at everything he had made,
and he found it very good.”
( Gen.1:13 ). Man gives glory to
God by being man…. Being good!
 c. God’s Partner- “ Be fertile and
multiply; fill the earth and subdue
it.” ( Gen.1: 28 ) We are God’s co-
creator because we have been given
dominion over all of creation a
dominion which we must rule
develop and take care of.
- We share in the development of the
world.
* New Testament Revelation
- Our basic Christian belief is that a
certain man named Jesus of
Nazareth is God.
- God poured himself out and
became united with his creation
though the great and profound
mystery of the incarnation.
- God because one of us in the
person of his Son, Jesus Christ.
- God became one of us in order to
share his life for us.
- Because Jesus died, man live
because the father loves us so much
that he was willing to give his son
for us.
14. Man: Who are you?
- “ Man is an epitome of the world;
he is a little world in himself, in
which all that is to be found in the
great world of the universe is to be
found.”- St. Francis of Sales
Lesson 2. What is Religion and
Spirituality?
15. Religion that provides meaning and
sense to man's daily existence.
16. Man as a journeying being--Homo
viator- always to seeks find
something-or someone-grater than
himself.
17. Spirituality is a phenomenon related
to religion.
18. Religion and spirituality were
formerly linked, as can be seen in
one dictionary definition of the term
Spirituality as "the quality or state of
being concerned with religion or
religious matters."
19. nowadays, it is more common for
people to consider religion and
spirituality as being distinct ans
separate from each other.
20. Some people describe themselves as
spiritual but not necessary religious.
Conversely, there are those who are
religious but not spiritual,
21. "Spirituality is about a person's
beliefs, values and behavior, while
religiousness is about the person's
involvement with a religious
tradition and institution." It appears
that religiosity may be more
exterior, while spirituality goes
much deeper within oneself.
22. When the heart is far from God,
worship and religious rituals clearly
become an empty and ridiculous
human gesture incapable of
nurturing a loving relationship with
God.
23. spirituality is a complex human
experience, and no single defintion
can accommodate all its diverse
expressions.
- An understanding of what is meant
by spirit is implied in spirituality.
24. Scottish theologian John
Macquarrie describe that dynamic
 mode of being called spirit as "a development of his/her moral
capacity for going out of oneself and integrity.
beyond oneself. - Part of the process of spiritual
growth is striving to live out the
25. The more man goes out from ethical demands of the religious
himself or goes beyond himself, the tradition on the social or communal
more spiritual dimension of his life level.
is deepened, the more he becomes - Active involvement in a
truly (hu)man community of believers provides
adherent some support, fellowship,
26. the more he turns inward and accountability, and opportunities for
encloses himself in self-interest, the communal spiritual exercises.
less human does he become. * when all of this was present they
keep a man well-grounded and,
27. For Macquarrie, "fundamentally,
influenced be core beliefs, mesh
spirituality has to do with becoming
with the ethical, cultic, and
a person in the fullest sense."
communitarian dimensions of
28. Spirituality can thus be understood religion.
as the human being's "capacity for
32. the practice of a religious faith
self-transcendence in relations to the
helps a person to better express
Absolute," which involves a search
his/her experience of the
for the meaning and ultimate value
Sacred/Transcendent in both words
of one's life.
and actions by providing a well-
- it is a way of life that is shaped by
trodden path and the support of a
the believer's encounter with the
community of fellow pilgrims.
Sacred/Transcendent.
33. spirituality and religion intertwine
29. It has been suggested that
to lead the believer into an authentic
spirituality be understood as the
and dynamic search for meaning and
"active ingredient" of world
wholeness.
religions and belief systems.
34. religion is an organized group with
30. As such, faithful followers of
one creed, code & cult. While
Buddhism practice Buddhist
spirituality is a solitary experience
spirituality; believers of Jesus Christ
of the divine; has to do with the soul
live out Christian spirituality.
or the inner life.
31. Basic components of Spirituality
35. Significance of religion or being
that must be practiced in order to
spiritual- shapes people's
keep a healthy life of the spirit.
morals,customs,beliefs & behavior
- Prayer or attending to his/her
36. Bible where spirit, soul and body
interior life keeps man centered on
are all three mentioned.
the essentials of the religious
- The body is physical and with the
tradition and facilities and the
five senses (sight, hearing, taste,
 smell and touch) it connects and power, that transcends the self.
interacts with the outer world
- The soul and spirit are much more 39. Diffrence between spirituality and
difficult to separate from each other. religion
- Christian believes that oul is the
part of us that covers our will,
affections and thoughts.
- The soul is the part of us that
connects with our fellow human
beings.
- The spirit is the part that connects
to God and covers matters like faith,
trust, worship and so on.
- The spirit is seen as the innermost
part of our being. It is enveloped by
our soul, which in turn is enveloped
by our body. The spirit then is the
part that needs regeneration in the
person who does not know God.

37. Religion is commonly defined as an

organized set of beliefs and practices
directed toward spiritual concern
- a particular system of faith and
worship

38. Spirituality is a typically 40. Elements of Religion

conceptualized in more subjective
and individualistic terms
- The quality of being concerned
with the human spirit or soul as
opposed to material or physical
things.
- search what is sacred in life, one’s
deepest values, along with the
relationship with God, or a higher
- Most religion has four elements
a. Ritual (prayer)
b. A sense of sacred
c. A systems of beliefs-in
d. Organization
41. Chracteristics of Religion
- There are 3 basic elements
a. wisdom or creed
- sacred writings and oral tradition
 b. worship or cult
- ritual express the emotional
experience to have a right attitude
towards God and others.
c. works or code
- Holiness in action or daily lives.
Commandments to live by.
42. All Religion are an expansion of a
people’s response to divine
43. Importance of Studying religion
44. Elements of Religion 4 c’s
MODULE 2 : JUDAISM
45. FORMED – nearly 4000 years ago.
46. FOUNDER: Considerably,
ABRAHAM “Chosen People”
47. ORIGIN: Egypt – CANAAN
48. FOLLOWERS: 13-14 million (80%
- Israel, 20% - United States)
49. EXPERIENCE: Slavery to Promise
Land
50. One of the oldest
MONOTHEISTIC faith system
aside from the three (3) Abrahamic
religions.
a. YHWH (Yahweh)
b. TORAH (Pentateuch) as God’s
revelation (Old Testament).
b. “HEBREWS” refer to those who
accepted Yahweh as their God and
much of their history is written in
the Hebrew bible (Old Testament).
c. “ISRAELITES” refer to the
descendants of the Hebrews which
originated from Abraham.
51. Old Testament – Hebrew
New Testament – Greek
52. Judaism is one of the most oldest
surviving religious.
53. Judaism is not just only about
Religion but in understanding the
religious groups.
54. We only have 1 bible but different
versions
55. It can be appreciated by total
(everything)
56. Torah – 5 books
a. Genesis – Numbers
57. The Fundamental Jewish Ideas
- No one saw exactly how the Earth
came to be like it is.
- But SCIENCE and RELIGION
both have their own theories.
58. Scientific Arguments
a. Cosmological Theories – How the
universe came into being. Chief
amongst these is the BIG BANG
THEORY.
b. Evolutionary Theories – How
living things came to be like they are
today. *On the origin of the Species
by Charles Darwin
59. REFORMED JEWS might argue
that creation as described in the
Torah is more a way to understand
and not explanation of HOW it
happened.
Fundamental Jewish Practices and
Principles:
60. Throughout Judaism’s history, their
followers have been called by
names and of many names, and this
notion is one of the influences of
Judaism from the Abraham, Moses
and those found in the Hebrew
scripture to the present. To name
some:
ABRAHAM – “father of many”
MOSES – “to draw/pull out”
NOAH – “rest”
DAVID – “beloved”
EVE – “life”
ADAM – “humankind”
SARAH – “princess”
MALACHI – “my messenger”
NAOMI – “my delight”
ABIGAIL – “father is rejoicing”
DEBORAH – “bee”
NATHAN – “gift”
MIRIAM – “rebellion”
AMOS – “carried by God”
61. There is no official Jewish Creed,
only a set of central beliefs.
62. DIETARY PRACTICES
-One of the areas of the Jewish life
influenced by the laws of Torah.
-Done according to religious laws.
-No to pork and shellfish.
-“all blood must be drained, before
the meat is cooked and eaten,
because blood which gives life, is
sacred to God.”
-KOSHER – ritually correct in lieu
with food preparation and
consumption.
63. SABBATH
-Starts a few minutes before sunset
on Friday and runs until an hour
after sunset on Saturday.
-The idea of a day of rest comes
from the Bible story of the Creation:
God rested from creating the
universe on the seventh day of that
first week, so Jews rest from work
on the Sabbath.
-Morning: public reading from the
Torah, home for lunch, a Sabbath
nap, late afternoon service.
64. PASSOVER
-The Jews have many Holy Days
throughout the year, but the most
important for them is the Feast of
the Passover.
-Commemorates the LIBERATION
of the Hebrews from Egypt.
-The primary food ingested during
the Passover is matzah, unleavened
bread, which was consumed during
Exodus.
 -It symbolizes freedom and
liberation.
65. MESSIAH
-This is one of the most fundamental
Jewish beliefs.
-They were expecting their Messiah,
who will be a political, military
leader and will liberate them from
the Romans.
-The traditional Jews refused to
believe and to accept Jesus as the
Messiah, so until now they are still
waiting for the Messiah.
-And those Jews who believed in
Christ, became the first Christians.
Understanding of EVIL and
SUFFERING…
66. Evil and suffering may lead some to
question God.
-Why would as so good God allows
negative things to happen?
- Or feel that prayers are being
unanswered… that God COULD
hep but DOESN’T.
-That God can’t be very powerful if
he is unable to prevent suffering…
(???)
67. In the JEWISH Faith Principle…
-No sincere prayer goes unanswered,
it is just that we cannot understand.
-It is a test of faith. *Israelites?
- It is a result of disobedience.
68. In the JEWISH faith and
understanding …
WE ALL HAVE THE CHOICE!
-Man was created with FREE WILL.
-Therefore, people can choose to
follow the good (God) or choose to
do wrong.
-Judaism believe that suffering and
evil (natural or moral) can be
overcome and can bring positive
outcomes.
Belief system
69.In the Hebrew Bible (Jewish Text)
contains a key idea on evil and
suffering. *Book of Job
-Job – suffered – questioned God –
realized and concluded that God is
powerful and all knowing.
- Suffering must be accepted
because we can’t really grasp the
world and God’s plan – but it would
fade.
70. Judaism teaches that we have free
will.
-We are able to choose what we do.
But we are prone to making
mistakes, which could lead to
suffering.
71. Jews believe that prayer is the way
to respond to suffering and evil.
72. . The Jewish approach to suffering
stresses the idea that good can come
out of terrible suffering.
- Suffering can bring people closer
to each other and closer to God. It
allows people to make sacrifices for
one another and draw inner strength
from it.
73. Not to have known suffering is not
to be truly human.” – Midrash (a
 collection of Rabbinical
commentaries from the Tanakh)
- It suggests that suffering is simply
a part of the human experience and
therefore must be accepted.
74. Most Jewish thought doesn’t seek
to explain the presence of evil, or try
to explain away the problem of evil.
75. Many Jews believe that evil
requires a human response rather
than philosophical explanation.
The sacred texts of Judaism:
76. Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible)
- Over centuries, the Israelites’
literature, history, and laws were
compiled and edited into a series of
texts, now often referred to in
secular contexts as the Hebrew Bible
or Tanakh.
- The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh
contains three major sections: the
Torah, or Five Books of Moses, the
Prophets, and the Writings.
a. Torah
- The basis of all Jewish Sacred
Texts. I
b. The Principal message of the
Torah is the principal unity of God.
77. Talmud
- Talmud literally means “study”.
- It is the generic term for the
documents that comment and
expand upon the Mishnah
(“repeating”), the first work of
rabbinic law, published around the
year 200 CE.
- Due to its spare and laconic style,
the Talmud is studied rigidly by
the Jewish followers and not just
read.
78. Septuagint
- This text is considered as the
earliest extant Greek translation of
the Old Testament from the original
Hebrew.
79. The Septuagint was presumably
made for the Jewish community in
Egypt when Greek was the common
language throughout the region.
80. The name Septuagint (from the
Latin septuaginta, “70”) was derived
later from the legend that there were
72 translators, 6 from each of the
12 tribes of Israel, who worked
independently to translate the whole
and ultimately produced identical
versions.
MODULE 3
BEGINNING OF CHRISTIANITY
Jesus Christ
- kings of kings
- Lord of Lord
- He is the reason why we have
Christmas
- His teachings are love your
enemies, love one another.
- His greatest miracle is life and
happiness that why we should not be
afraid to believe in him.
- The savior
- The messiah
The Period of First Christian
Communities
81. 50 days after the death of Jesus, on
the day of Pentecost, the bible tell us
 a story that the Holy Spirit
descended upon the Apostles which
starts the organization of the first
Christian communities among the
followers of Jesus Christ.
- Most of these followers were
converts from Judaism of which
Jerusalem is the central place and
they were headed by St Peter and St
James the brother of Jesus
- Because of the eagerness to
respond to the new calling of the
early Christians to spread and teach
the good news that Christ had taught
them throughout Jerusalem and to
their nearby communities.
- non-Jewish converts also join this
newly founded Church, they are the
Gentile Christians.
82. To these new converts, St Paul of
Tarsus became their leader. St Paul
of Tarsus, which is formerly called
Saul, a tentmaker and a former
persecutor of Christians.
83. Paul’s conversion to Christianity
can be found in the Acts of the
Apostle Chapter 9 verses 1-19, on
his way to Damascus to persecute
Christians, he experienced the divine
presence and fell down from his
horse: a light from heaven flashing
around him and a voice addressing
him.
84.Many historians believe Christianity
wouldn’t be as widespread without
the work of Paul.
85. Paul is thought to have written 13
of the 27 books in the New
Testament.
86. These combine communities of
Jewish and non-Jewish converts, the
Jewish and Gentile
87. Christians comprised the first
Christian communities.
88.Christians were seen as too
exclusive because of their sharing of
common resources, too narrow
because of their practice of the
“breaking of the bread,” which they
believe as Body and Blood of Jesus
and a threat to the social order,
because of their worship to one God
which is in contradiction to the
existing major Religion of the
Roman Empire.
- because of this, they were subject
to persecution. But despite this, they
continuously increase in number.
89. The first groups of Christians was
established in Jerusalem.
90. Some of them travels to spread
Jesus Christ Message,
91. The communities travelled were :
a. Antioch
b. Damascus
c. Mesopotanian
d. Babylon
e. Armenia
f. Georgio
92. This message was also carried to
Asia Minor :
a. Tarsus
b. Pisidian Antioch
c. Ephesus
d. Philippi
e. Thessalonica
f. Corinth
93. The region administered by
Alexandria receive news on God’s
 message ( from Jerusalem)
94. Egypt and the North Cost of Africa
also got a message called Cyrene
95. The new religion also became
known to Jewish communities in
ROME (before 50AD)
96. Christianity was radiated out from
the empire’s capital to reach its
western provinces.
97. In Palestine, around 44 AD. This
Group were led by James who was
living in Jerusalem.
- The first communities were called
Judeo Christians because
Christianity at that time was still
mainly as Jewish Sect
- Around this time, it emerge
between the Hellenistic Jews and the
Hebaic Jews known as Hebrews
98.In 48-449 AD (Counsil of
Jerusalem)
- During that time, there was a
debate between the Helinist Paul and
James the Less whether non-jews
should be admitted.
- Paul thought that one could be a
Christian without having to except
Jewish Religious obligations such as
circumsition.
- James agreed
- But ruled that all converted
Christians must give up Pagan
Sacrifices
99. In 66 AD Jewish rebelled against
the Roman Empire.
*In 70 AD (Fall of Jerusalem)
- Following the long siege, the
imperial army captured Jerusalem
- The temple was burned to the
ground.
*Between 132-135 AD was once
again a battle field (second
jewish-roman war)
- The resulting devastation of
Jerusalem and Explasion of the Jews
were interpreted by Christians as a
Divine Punishment for the Death of
Jesus.
- By now the two sects have become
definitively divided in to separate
religions.
WHILE TASK : CONTINUATION
Tim Keller an American theologian,
there are 5 Features of Early Christians
that make them unique:
1. The early church was multi-racial
and experienced unity across ethnic
boundaries that was startling.
- The book of Acts of the Apostles
shows us a remarkable unity
between people of different races.
2. The early church was a community
of forgiveness and reconciliation.
- Christians were often excluded and
criticized, but they were also
actively persecuted, imprisoned,
attacked, and killed. But, still, they
preached forgiveness and withheld
retaliation against their opponents.
3. The early church was famous for its
hospitality to the poor and the
suffering.
- This is exemplified by the story of
the Good Samaritan of Luke 10:25-
37. Moreover, during the urban
plagues, Christians characteristically
didn’t flee the cities but stayed and
cared for the sick and dying of all
 groups, often at the cost of their own
lives.
4. It was a community committed to
the sanctity of life.
- Christians saved the infants and
took them in while the major culture
at that time, practice abortion, and
throwing of children.
5. It was a sexual counterculture.
- During this period the prevalent
concept of marriage is polygamous.
- Roman culture insisted that
married women of social status
abstain from sex outside of
marriage, but it was expected that
men (even married men) would have
sex with people lower on the status
ladder—slaves, prostitutes, and
children. It was regarded as
unavoidable. This was in part
because sex in that culture was
always considered an expression of
one’s social status.
- Sex was mainly seen as a mere
physical appetite that was
irresistible. And this was of course
being prohibited by Christian
practice.
WHILE TASK: The Period of
Persecutions and Emperor
Constantine
- "The blood of the martyrs is the
seed of the Church"—Tertullian
6. Jesus Christ – crucified around 30
AD
7. Stephen – Stoned to death in 34 AD
8. Apostle Peter – Crucified in 64 AD
9. Apostle Paul beheaded around 67
AD
10. Polycarp was burned and stabbed to
death in 155 AD
11. Justin Martyr was beheaded in 156
AD
12. Perpetua and Felicitas gored and put
to the sword around 203 AD
13. Sebastian as shot with arrows and
clubbed to death in 288 AD
14. Anges was stabbed to death in 304
AD
15. Ignatius was killed in the Roman
Colosseum in 107 AD
Christian Persecutions and Emperor
Constantine
16. Christians were persecuted because
of their refusal to submit themselves
to the service of Roman gods.
17.Christians were first, and horribly,
targeted for persecution as a group
by the emperor Nero in 64 AD. A
colossal fire broke out in Rome and
destroyed much of the city. (Lunn-
Rockliffe, 2011)
WHILE TASK: Period of the
Emergence of Different Branches of
Christianity
Period of the emergence of different
branches of Christianity
18.From its beginning with a tiny group
of Jesus' followers, Christianity has
spread all over the world.
19.Today, it is practiced by two billion
people. As with any large group,
Christianity has experienced many
different interpretations,
disagreements and struggles for
power over the centuries.
20.These have led to the growth of
many different branches of
Christianity interpreting the life,
death and resurrection of Jesus in
different ways.
21.There are three basic streams of
Christianity: Orthodox, Protestant
and Roman Catholic.
The Christian Bible
Bible is one of the most influential
books in human history
- it describes “why we exists”
-It inspires people to do amazing
things
- It is a small library of books that
emerged in the history place of
Israel
-Prophets – they view Israel stories
in anything but ordinary.
- They saw it as a central part on
God was doing for all humanity.
22. Prophets are Genius
- They expertly craft the Hebrew
language to write epic narratives,
sophisticated poetry, storytelling and
they do it to explores life at a most
complicated questions about death,
life and human struggle
23. Jewish Bible (TaNaK)
- Ta (Torah) (Law) (genesis-
deutronomy)
- Na (Nevi’im)(Prophets)
(Joshua,Samuel and kings, isaiah,
jeremiah)
- K
(Ketuvim)(writings) (psalms,
proverbs, job, ruth, chronicles)
24. The jewish people believe that
through this literary works God
speaks to his people.
25. Jewish writing being produce
during second temple period
- Maccabees, tobit, Judith, wisdom
Sirach, etc
26. If this books were combined it will
tell how good God’s creation are.
27. TaNak (Apostle’s Writings)
28. The Bible centers on the one and
only God, the Creator of all that
exists. God’s will and purpose are
viewed as just, loving, and
ultimately prevailing.
29.The Hebrew Bible starts with an
account of God’s creation of the
world, and it tells the story of the
Israelites and the Promised Land.
The New Testament deals with the
life, the person, and the teachings of
Jesus and the formation of the
Christian church.
30. Old Testament
 “Hebrew Bible” as interpreted
among the various branches of
Christianity. In Judaism, the Hebrew
Bible is not only the primary text of
instruction for a moral life but also the
historical record of God’s promise, first
articulated in his covenant with
Abraham, to consider the Jews his
chosen people.
 The Old Testament, a name coined
by Melito of Sardis in the 2nd century
CE, is longer than the Hebrew Bible, in
part because Christian editors divided
particular works into two sections but
also because different Christian groups
consider as canonical some texts not
found in the Hebrew Bible.
 For example, although the Hebrew
canon consists of 24 books, the Old
Testament of Roman Catholics
comprises 46 books and that of most
Protestant churches has 39. (Britannica
Encyclopedia, 2020)
31. New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament, as usually received in
the Christian Churches, is made up of
twenty-seven different books attributed to
eight different authors, six of whom are
numbered among the Apostles (Matthew,
John, Paul, James, Peter, Jude) and two
among their immediate disciples (Mark,
Luke)
1. Four Gospels
o The word gospel is derived
from the Anglo-Saxon term god-
spell, meaning “good story,” a
rendering of the
Latin evangelium and the
Greek euangelion, meaning “good
news” or “good telling.” Since the
late 18th century the first three have
been called the Synoptic Gospels,
because the texts, set side by side,
show a similar treatment of the life
and death of Jesus
Christ. (Britannica, 2020)
o They are written, according to
tradition, respectively by St.
Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, and St.
John (the four evangelists)
(Britannica, 2020)
2. Acts of the Apostles
o Known as the fifth book of
the New Testament, Acts was
written in Greek, presumably by the
Evangelist Luke, whose gospel
concludes where Acts begins,
namely,
with Christ’s Ascension into heaven
. (Britannica, 2020)
o Acts was apparently written
in Rome, perhaps between AD 70
and 90, though some think a slightly
earlier date is also possible. After an
introductory account of the descent
of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles
at Pentecost (interpreted as the birth
of the church), Luke pursues as a
central theme the spread of
Christianity to the Gentile world
under the guiding inspiration of the
Holy Spirit. He also describes the
church’s gradual drawing away
from Jewish traditions.
o The missionary journeys of
St. Paul are given a prominent place,
because this close associate of Luke
was the preeminent Apostle to the
Gentiles. Without Acts, a picture of
the primitive church would be
impossible to reconstruct; with it,
the New Testament letters of Paul
are far more intelligible. Acts
concludes rather abruptly after Paul
has successfully preached the gospel
in Rome, then the acknowledged
centre of the Gentile world.
(Britannica, 2020)
3. Epistles
o The Epistles are letters written
to the fledgling churches and
individual believers in the earliest
days of Christianity. The Apostle
Paul wrote the first 13 of these
letters, each addressing a specific
 situation or problem. In terms of
volume, Paul's writings constitute
about one-fourth of the entire New
Testament. (Fairchild, 2019)
o The General Epistles, also
known as the Catholic Epistles, are
the seven New Testament letters
written by James, Peter, John, and
Jude. These epistles, with the
exceptions of 2 and 3 John, are
addressed to a general audience of
believers rather than to a specific
church. (Fairchild, 2019)
o The Pauline Epistles
 Romans—The book of
Romans, the Apostle Paul's
inspirational masterpiece,
explains God's plan of salvation
by grace, through faith in Jesus
Christ.
 1 Corinthians—Paul
wrote 1 Corinthians to confront
and correct the young church in
Corinth as it was struggling with
matters of disunity, immorality,
and immaturity.
 2 Corinthians—This
epistle is a deeply personal letter
from Paul to the church in
Corinth, giving great
transparency into Paul's heart.
 Galatians—The book of
Galatians warns that we are not
saved by obeying the Law but by
faith in Jesus Christ, teaching us
how to be free from the burden
of the Law.
 1 Thessalonians—
Paul's first letter to the church in
Thessalonica encourages new
believers to stand firm in the face
of strong persecution.
 2 Thessalonians—
Paul's second letter to the church
in Thessalonica was written to
clear up confusion about end
times and the second coming of
Christ. (Fairchild, 2019)
32. Five Popular Region
- Judaism
- Islam
-Christianity
- Hinduism
- Buddism
33. Believers
- Monotheistic (one God)
- Ditheistic (two God)
- Polytheistic ( Many Gods)
- Atheist (no God)
34. god
Superior
35. God
- Omnipresent
- Omniscent (all knowing)
- Omnipotent (all powerful)
- Omnibenevolent (all-god)
36. Religion
- becomes unperature in the moral
life of an individual.
-sees the way you act, think, and talk
with other people based on your
belief.
37. When you are called there is a
reason
38. Testimony – the context of our own
experiences
39. Dimensions of Man
- social
-moral
- physical
40. Two versions of Genesis
a. Genesis 1 (universal)
- God is called as “ ELUHIM”
 b. Genesis 2 (earthly)
- God is called as
“ YHWH/YAHWEH”
- land ; human
-damage and likeness
41. 1st Covenant : “you shall not eat the
forbidden tree”
-edenic or adamic covenant
42. God is superior to Man
43. Abrahamic Covenant : Father of
many nations
44. Mosaic Covanent : The 10
commandments
45. Annual Holidays
a. Pesach – Passover
b. Shavu’ot – Feast of Weeks
c. Sukkot - Tabernacles/Booths
- Harvest Festival
d. Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New
Year
e. Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement
f. Purim - Feast of Lots, Feast of
Esther
g. Simchat Torah / Rejoicing in the
Torah
h. Hanukkah / Feast of Lights
i. Tisha B’Av / 9th of Av:
Interim Review: Three Ancient
Pilgrimage Feasts
46.Multiple Backgrounds for Each:
a. Agricultural; Historical; Biblical
events
47.Passover (Pesach)
- Spring; Song of Songs
48. Weeks/Pentecost (Shavu’ot)
- Summer; Book of Ruth
49.Tabernacles/Booths (Sukkoth)
- Fall; Book of
Ecclesiastes/Qoheleth
50. The 12 Apostles
- Peter (simon)
- Andrew (Peter’s Brother)
- James (Son of Zedebee)
- John ( James Brother)
-Philip
- Bartholomew
- Thomas
- Matthew (The tax collector)
- James ( Son of Alpheus)
- Jude (Thaddeus )
- Simon (the Zealot)
- Judas Iscariot
51. Hidden Life
- 13-30 year old
52. Public Life
-30 years old to 33 years old
- Parables – beginning of the
formation of the Christian’s World
- Miracles
53. One Holy Catholic Apostholic
CHURCH
- Covenant
a. OT – Love your God
b. NT – Love your Neighbor as you
love yourself
54. Western Philosphy
- Pre Socratic
- Material Aspect (Earthly)(more
cosmological)
- Immaterial Aspect(specific
lessons)(math/terms)
55. Mythodology
- the study and the interpretations of
often sourced tales or fables of a
culture known as myths or the
collection of such stories which
deals with various aspects of the
human condition : good &evil