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CVWK Ív B Mvgwik KVMB I C E©Evsjv: F WGKV
CVWK Ív B Mvgwik KVMB I C E©Evsjv: F WGKV
f‚wgKv
‡Rbv‡ij B¯‹v›`vi gxR©v cvwK¯Ív‡b mvgwiK kvm‡bi m~ÎcvZ Ki‡jI wZwb †ewkw`b Zv †fvM Ki‡Z
cv‡ib wb| gvÎ 20 w`‡bi g‡a¨B 1958 mv‡ji 27 A‡±vei †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv MÖnY K‡i
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^wbe©vwPZ †cÖwm‡W›U nb| GKB mv‡_ wZwb cÖavb †mbvcwZ I cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb
cÖkvmK c‡` envj iB‡jb| GK `k‡Ki †ewk mgq ¶gZvq †_‡K wZwb †ek wKQy ivR‰bwZK
c`‡¶c †bb| wKšÍz Zvui M„nxZ c`‡¶c MYZš¿ aŸs‡mi c_ Db¥y³ K‡i, `y'As‡ki e¨eavb evwo‡q
†`q| Gi d‡j evOvwj RvwZ M‡o †Zv‡j `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb| evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m
Zvui kvmbKvj (1958-69) ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|
AvBqye Lvb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi Ici K‡Vvi wbqš¿‡Yi cvkvcvwk Ô‡gŠwjK MYZš¿' bv‡g Z_vKw_Z
c‡iv¶ MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡ib| cÖv‡`wkK kvm‡bi †¶‡Î evi evi kvmK cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
w¯’wZkxj kvm‡b evav m„wó K‡ib| c~e©evsjvq Gi cÖwZwµqv NU‡Z mgq jv‡Mwb| 1962 mv‡j QvÎ
Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi 6 `dv I Qv·`i 11
`dvi gva¨‡g Zv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| cvwK¯—vwb kvmK‡Mvôx A_©‰bwZK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgwiK †¶‡Î c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi evOvwj RbM‡Yi cÖwZ †h mxgvnxb ˆelg¨ m„wó K‡i, Zvi ewjô cÖwZev` wQj 6 I 11
`dv| miKvi me©vZ¥K wbh©vZb, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi gva¨‡g Av‡›`vjb `g‡bi †Póv Pvjv‡jI
eis GB cÖ‡Póv ey‡givs n‡q `uvovq| Ges AvBqy‡ei cZ‡bi N›Uv †e‡R I‡V|
GB BDwbU †k‡l Avcwb AvBqye Lv‡bi †gŠwjK MYZš¿, 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb, 1965 mv‡ji
cvK-fviZ hy×, 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb, mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b I cÖwZwµqv, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv, Qv·`i
11 `dv Av‡›`vjb m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvV-1
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o Avcwb-
• †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq AbywôZ wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq M„nxZ ˆ¯^ivPvix wm×všÍmg~‡ni weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
• Gi djvdj wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†Rbv‡ij AvBqye 1958 mv‡j ¶gZvq AwawôZ n‡qB cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmb KvVv‡gv Ges ivR‰bwZK
KvVv‡gvi Avg~j cwieZ©‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb| Zuvi GB cÖqvm BwZevPK wQj wKbv Zv‡Z m‡›`n Av‡Q|
Z‡e Awfbe †h wQj †m wel‡q †KDB wØgZ †cvlY K‡ib bv| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb ¯^vaxb nevi ci
†_‡K AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZvq Avmvi c~e© ch©šÍ `xN© bq eQ‡ii †fZiI cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kvb mvaviY
wbe©vPb nq wb| d‡j KL‡bvB RvZxqwfwËK wbe©vPbx KvVv‡gv wbwðZ nqwb| AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv `Lj
K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡b GKwU bZzb ai‡bi wbe©vPbx KvVv‡gv cÖwZôv K‡ib| Zuvi wbe©vPbx cÖwµqvi g~j wfwË
wQj †gŠwjK ev eywbqv`x MYZš¿| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ n‡”Q GK ai‡bi mxwgZ MYZš¿ hv‡Z †KejgvÎ wKQy
wbw`©ó †jv‡Ki AwaKv‡i RvZxq †bZ…Z¡ wbe©vP‡bi AwaKvi wQj|
Avjx wRbœvni †evb dv‡Zgv wRbœvn G wbe©vP‡b mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji ev ms‡¶‡c K‡ci
cÖv_©x wnmv‡e AvBqy‡ei weiy‡× `uvovb| mw¤§wjZ we‡ivax `‡ji wbe©vPbx cÖPviYvi gy‡L AvBqye
Lvb A‡bKUv weeªZKi Ae¯’vq c‡ob| †klch©šÍ wZwb Rqjvf K‡ib Z‡e c~e©e‡½ dv‡Zgv
wRbœvn fv‡jv †fvU †c‡qwQ‡jb|
N. †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g ˆ¯^ivPvix wm×všÍmg~n
†gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖK…Zc‡¶ †Kvb MYZš¿ wQj bv| eis GwU wQj A‡bKUv ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K †KŠkj| GB
c×wZi gva¨‡g ¶gZv msnZ K‡i AvBqye Lvb †`‡ki we‡ivax †bZv-Kg©x‡`i Rã Kivi c_ a‡ib|
1. †cv‡Wv Ges Ge‡Wv: †cv‡Wv (PODO, Public Office Disqualification Order) Ges Ge‡Wv
(EBDO, Elective Bodies Disqualification Order) †`‡ki we‡ivax ivRbxwZwe`‡`i Rã
Ges nqivwb Kivi Rb¨ `y'wU wbe©Zbg~jK AvBb AvBqye miKvi KZ©„K Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj|
Gi gva¨‡g ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i wePv‡ii Rb¨ we‡kl Av`vjZ MVb Kiv nq Ges †mLv‡b
Awfhy³ e¨w³ AvBbRxexi mnvqZv †c‡Zb bv| wePv‡ii gva¨‡g kvw¯Í wnmv‡e ivR‰bwZK
†bZv ev wbe©vwPZ e¨w³‡`i wewfbœ †gqv‡`i Rb¨ ivRbxwZ‡Z, miKvwi c‡`i Rb¨ ev Ggb
Ab¨‡Kvb Kv‡Ri Rb¨ A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kiv n‡Zv| ïay Ge‡Wv AvB‡bi gva¨‡gB cÖvq 877
Rb ivRbxwZwe` A‡hvM¨ †NvwlZ nb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ knx` †mvnivIqv`©x, Lvb Ave`yj Mvddvi
Lvb, wgqv †`ŠjZvbv cÖgyL Ab¨Zg|
2. †bZ…e„›` †MÖdZvi I nqivwb: mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi nevi ci ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i †MÖdZvi
Ges nqivwb GKwU wbqwgZ welq n‡q `uvovq| †`‡k †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gZ GKwU e¨e¯’v Pvjy
nevi ciI GB Ae¯’v envj wQj| we‡ivax ivRbxwZwe`iv AvcÖvY †Póv KiwQ‡jb miKvi
we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z| wKšÍz 1962 mv‡ji †fZiB †mvnivIqv`©xmn †`‡ki cÖavb
cÖavb †bZv‡`i †MÖdZvi I nqivwbi gva¨‡g miKvi Gme D‡`¨v‡Mi Reve †`b|
3. 1962 mv‡ji msweavb Ges ˆ¯^iZš¿: 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU D™¢U
msweavb Dcnvi †`b| Gi gva¨‡g 1956 mv‡ji msm`xq auv‡Pi msweavb AvbyôvwbKfv‡e
evwZj n‡q hvq| 1960 mv‡j wePvicwZ mvnveywÏb‡K †Pqvig¨vb K‡i GK Kwgkb MwVZ
nq| Kwgkb msweav‡bi iƒc‡iLv m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b| Z‡e †klch©šÍ 1962 mv‡j †h
msweavb cÖYxZ nq †mwU AvBqy‡ei msweavb bv‡g cwiwPZ| GB msweavbwU cÖYqb KivB
n‡qwQj AvBqy‡ei ˆ¯^iZš¿‡K cvKv‡cv³ Kivi Rb¨| Gi †fZi ag©‡K G‡b wePvi wefv‡Mi
¶gZv Le© K‡i MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv aŸsm Ges me©v‡c¶v eo K_v GKwU ivóªcwZ kvwmZ
miKvi cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g 1962 mv‡ji msweav‡bi gva¨‡g ˆ¯^iZš¿ cvKv‡cv³ Kivi e‡›`ve¯Í
Kiv n‡qwQj|
O. djvdj
AvBqye cÖvq `k eQi a‡i †`k kvmb K‡iwQ‡jb|GB `k eQ‡ii †ewkifvM mgq †`k kvwmZ n‡qwQj
†gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq|†gŠwjK MYZš¿ c×wZ wnmv‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb ïf dj e‡q
Av‡bwb, GwU cieZ©x NUbvejxi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|†gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g †h AwfRvZZ‡š¿i
m~Pbv nq Zv cvwK¯Ív‡b MYZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv Ges cwi‡e‡ki c_ eÜ K‡i †`q| mgv‡R GK †kªYxi
myweav‡fvMxi m„wó nq| G‡Z K‡i ˆelg¨ Av‡iv †e‡o hvq| cwiYwZ‡Z mvgvwRK Aw¯’iZv †`Lv †`q|
AvBqy‡ei mvgwiK kvm‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvby‡li g‡a¨B mvgwiK kvmb m¤ú‡K© †h †gvn
wQj †gŠwjK MYZš¿mn wewfbœ AMYZvwš¿K Kvh©Kjv‡ci gva¨‡g †mB †gvnf½ nq| QvÎ BDwbqb,
QvÎjx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb µ‡g cÖmvi jvf K‡i| Qv·`i GB Av‡›`vjb 1962
mv‡ji 3 †deªyqvwi ciivóªgš¿x gÄyi Kv‡`i‡K XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Ac`¯’ Ges AvBqy‡ei XvKv AvMgb
we‡ivax we‡¶v‡f cÖmvi jvf K‡i| Gmgq †mvnivIqv`©xi †MÖdZvi‡K †K›`ª K‡i ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvI
miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b hy³ nq| †cÖwm‡W›U I c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i Avhg Lv‡bi g‡a¨ wewfbœ
welq gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv w`‡j evOvwj `i`x bv‡g cwiwPZ Avhg Lvb c`Z¨vM K‡ib| Z‡e 1962 mv‡j
AbywôZ RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i weiy‡× QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wbe©vwPZ wb`©jxq m`m¨iv
AvBqye Lv‡bi cÖej Pvc I cÖ‡jvf‡bi ciI miKvwi `‡j †hvM w`‡Z cÖ_g BZ¯ÍZ K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨
cvwK¯Ív‡bi †mB AKg©Y¨ msm`I †klch©šÍ MYZvwš¿K Av‡›`vj‡bi AbyK‚‡j wKQyUv f‚wgKv †i‡L‡Q|
1962 mv‡jB ivR‰bwZK `j KZ©„K kvmbZš¿ cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nq| QvÎ Av‡›`vjb `g‡b AvBqye MVb
K‡ib Zvi wbR¯^ †c‡Uvqv evwnbx Gb. Gm. Gd.| AMYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v I Pig ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K g‡bvfve
m‡Ë¡I ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î Pig msKU †`Lv †`q| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z 1966 mv‡j AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL
gywReyi ingvb 6 `dv `vwe †ck K‡ib hv evOvwj RvwZi gyw³i `vwe‡Z cwiYZ nq| c~e©e‡½i gvbyl
†gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g D™¢yZ `ytkvm‡bi weiy‡× `uvwo‡q ¯^vqËkvmb Av‡›`vjb ïiy K‡i| GB
Av‡›`vjb GZB we¯Ívi jvf K‡i †h AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZvi wfZ b‡o hvq Ges 1969 mv‡j Zuvi cZb
N‡U|
mvims‡¶c
AvBqye Lvb Zuvi ¶gZvi wfZ †cv³ Kivi Rb¨ †gŠwjK MYZš¿ bvgK †h ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqv Pvjy
K‡ib †mwU †`‡ki Rb¨ ¯’vqx ¶wZi KviY n‡q‡Q| Ges GKB m‡½ Zuvi cZ‡biI Kvi‡Y cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q| Zuvi cieZ©x kvmK Bqvwnqv Lvb ZvB GB e¨e¯’v evwZj K‡i RbM‡Yi mivmwi †fv‡U
RbcÖwZwbwa wb‡qv‡Mi e¨e¯’vI K‡ib|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ
1| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy×: `wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ, XvKv, Z_¨ I †eZvi gš¿Yvjq,
1983|
2| mvjvnDÏxb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm, 1947-1971, XvKv, AvMvgx
cÖKvkbx, 1997|
3| gynv¤§` AvBqye Lvb, cÖfz bq eÜz, XvKv, A·‡dvW© BDwbfvwm©wU †cÖm, 1968|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ AvbyôvwbKfv‡e Pvjy nq 1959 mv‡ji-
(K) 25 AvM÷ (L) 26 AvM÷
(M) 26 A‡±vei (N) 27 A‡±vei
2| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i Aax‡b cvwK¯Ív‡bi `y'As‡k we.wW. †g¤^v‡ii msL¨v wQj-
(K) 40 nvRvi (L) 60 nvRvi
(M) 70 nvRvi (N) 80 nvRvi
3| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq nu¨v/bv †fvU AbywôZ nq 1960 mv‡ji-
(K) 14 Rvbyqvwi (L) 14 †deªyqvwi
(M) 14 gvP© (N) 14 GwcÖj
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ cÖeZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wK wQj wjLyb|
2| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i AvIZvq AbywôZ wbe©vP‡bi eY©bv w`b|
3| †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i djvdj wjLyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| †gŠwjK MYZš¿ m¤ú‡K© GKwU iPbv wjLyb|
cvV-2
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• GB Av‡›`vj‡bi wewfbœ ch©vq ev weKvk ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
• GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi D™¢e †_‡K 1971 mvj ch©šÍ c~e©evsjvi Rbmvavi‡Yi wk¶v, mvs¯‹…wZK
I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi †¶‡Î wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡b G A‡ji QvÎ I hye mgv‡Ri e¨vcK
Ae`vb i‡q‡Q| cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m„wói ciciB G A‡j M‡o IVv ivR‰bwZK msMVb¸‡jvi A½ `j
wn‡m‡e wewfbœ QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| 1952 mv‡ji ci 1962 mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b
Gme QvÎ msMVb †MŠi‡ev¾¡j f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| evlwÆ mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
mvaviYfv‡e Òwk¶v Av‡›`vjbÓ wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ jvf Ki‡jI Gi ivR‰bwZK ¸iyZ¡ wQj AZ¨šÍ
Zvrch©c~Y©| '62 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi d‡j †h RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv M‡o I‡V Zv av‡c av‡c
¯^vaxbZv ch©šÍ weKwkZ nq|
Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU
1962 mv‡ji wk¶v Av‡›`vjb ev QvÎ Av‡›`vjb cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi mgmvgwqK wk¶v I ivR‰bwZK
Ae¯’vb‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡VwQj| ZvB G Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vcU‡K (1) wk¶v (2) ivR‰bwZK- G
`y'fv‡M Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq|
1. wk¶v †cÖ¶vcU: 1962 mv‡ji AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb wk¶v Av‡›`vjb bv‡g L¨vZ| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
Z_v c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii M„nxZ wk¶vbxwZ G A‡ji QvÎ mgvR‡K miKvi we‡ivax-
Av‡›`vj‡b DØy× K‡iwQj| cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cwiKíbv wQj c~e©evsjvq wk¶vi AMÖMwZ †iva Ki‡Z
cvi‡j G A‡j RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi weKvk w¯ÍwgZ n‡e Ges Zv‡`i Af¨šÍixY Jcwb‡ewkK
kvm‡bi wfwË `xN©Kvj wU‡K _vK‡e| ZvB ïiy †_‡KB miKvi c~e©evsjvi wk¶v‡¶‡Î Pig ˆelg¨ bxwZ
AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡K| wk¶vi wewfbœ ¯Í‡i GB ˆel‡g¨i cÖfve AZ¨šÍ my¯úó wQj| †hgbÑ 1947-48
mv‡j c~e©evsjvq cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj, H mg¯Í ¯‹z‡ji wk¶K, wk¶v_x©i nvi wQj h_vµ‡g iv‡óªi †gvU msL¨vi
h_vµ‡g 77.89%, 80.93%, 78.97%| wKšÍz 1962-63 mv‡j G‡m Zv n«vm †c‡q `uvovq h_vµ‡g
48.93%, 57.68% I 63.54%| †Zgwb gva¨wgK ¯Í‡i 1947-48 mv‡j ¯‹zj, wk¶K I wk¶v_x©i
nvi wQj h_vµ‡g 57.26%, 56.38% I 50.47%| wKšÍz 1962-63 mv‡j n«vm †c‡q `uvovq
h_vµ‡g 48.50%, 39.54% Ges 37.55%| D”Pwk¶vi †¶‡Î ˆelg¨g~jK bxwZi Kvi‡Y
c~e©v‡ji µgea©gvb AbMÖmiZvi wPÎI mgfv‡e nZvkve¨ÄK| 1947-48 mv‡j c~e© I cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡b wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wQj h_vµ‡g GKwU I `y'wU| 1961-62 mv‡j `y' A‡ji
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v `uvovq h_vµ‡g 4wU I 6wU| A_P wk¶v_x©i †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq 1947-48 mv‡j
c~e©evsjvq wek¦we`¨vj‡q QvÎ msL¨v wQj 1620 Rb Ges cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b gvÎ 654 Rb| wKšÍz
1962-63 mv‡j QvÎmsL¨v e„w× †c‡q `uvovq 7140 Rb I 9464 Rb| c~e©evsjvq QvÎmsL¨v e„w×
†c‡jI cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b QvÎmsL¨v e„w×i nvi wQj Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e A‡bK †ewk|
c~e©evsjvq wkw¶‡Zi nvi msKzwPZ ivLvi †KŠkj wn‡m‡e miKvi evwl©K ev‡R‡U wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ
ivLvi †¶‡Î ˆelg¨ bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| wb‡¤œi mviwY †_‡K welqwU ¯úó n‡q I‡VÑ
c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cwðg cvwK¯Ívb
A_© eQi †gvU ev‡RU wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ †gvU ev‡RU wk¶vLv‡Z eivÏ
1948-49 161.1 †KvwU 19.4 †KvwU 279.5 †KvwU 35.4 †KvwU
1951-52 201.6 †KvwU 21.5 †KvwU 411.5 †KvwU 49.2 †KvwU
1956-57 303.8 †KvwU 22.5 †KvwU 613.1 †KvwU 100.6 †KvwU
1960-61 489.5 †KvwU 61.9 †KvwU 847.2 †KvwU 121.6 †KvwU
1962-63 745.2 †KvwU 76.5 †KvwU 1349.3 †KvwU 203.4 †KvwU
D‡jøL¨ †h, 1947-48 mvj †_‡K 1961-62 mvj ch©šÍ wk¶vLv‡Z c~e©evsjvi cÖwZ ˆelg¨g~jK bxwZ
Abymi‡Yi ciI miKvi 1962 mv‡ji †klw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi †h bqv wk¶vbxwZ †NvlYv K‡i Zv‡Z
c~e©evsjvi wk¶vi wb¤œMwZ‡K Av‡iv Z¡ivwb¦Z Kivi †KŠkj AbymiY Kiv nq| d‡j G A‡ji m‡PZb
QvÎ mgvR Z_v QvÎ msMVb AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|
2. ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcU: 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ivR‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcUI Lye Zvrch©c~Y©|
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi D™¢‡ei ciciB c~e©evsjvq K‡qKwU cÖMwZkxj QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| G‡`i g‡a¨
1947 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^‡ii cÖ_g mßv‡n XvKvq MwVZ nq Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K hyejxM'| gvby‡li
fv‡M¨i Dbœqb, MYZvwš¿K AwaKvi cÖwZôv, RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i Øviv cwiPvwjZ ivóª e¨e¯’v, we‡`kx
†kvl‡Yi Aemvb cÖf…wZ wQj G msMV‡bi j¶| wKšÍz miKvwi `gbbxwZ I wbh©vZ‡bi gy‡L 1948
mv‡jB G msMV‡bi wejywß N‡U|
cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi AíKv‡ji g‡a¨ MwVZ me‡P‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© msMVb nj c~e©cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg QvÎjxM|
1948 mv‡ji 4 Rvbyqvwi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi dRjyj nK n‡j G msMVbwU MwVZ nq| c‡ii eQi
cvwK¯Ívb †K›`ªxq gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZc¶ wn‡m‡e AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM MwVZ n‡j QvÎ msMVbwU
g~jZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z _v‡K| 1955 mv‡ji ci `y'wU msMV‡bi bvg
†_‡K gymwjg kãwU ev` †`Iqv nq|
mgmvgwqKKv‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq‡K †K›`ª K‡i KwgDwb÷ cvwU© mgw_©Z QvÎ msMVb QvÎ †dWv‡ikb
MwVZ nq| Z‡e miKv‡ii K‡Vvi `gbbxwZi gy‡L Lye kxNªB `jwUi wejywß N‡U| 1920 mv‡j fvi‡Zi
KwgDwb÷iv ÔfviZxq KwgDwb÷ cvwU©' cÖwZôv K‡i| 1947 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi ci Gi AbyKi‡Y
ÔcvwK¯Ívb KwgDwb÷ cvwU©' MwVZ nq Ges cvkvcvwk Gi A½ msMVb wn‡m‡e ÔQvÎ BDwbqb' MwVZ
nq| D‡jøL¨ †h, c~e©evsjvi MYgvby‡li wk¶v, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi Av`v‡qi j‡¶ wewfbœ
Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡g ÔQvÎjxM' I ÔQvÎ BDwbqb' hyMcr f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj| we‡kl K‡i 1952 mv‡j
fvlvi `vwe wb‡q c~e©evsjvq miKvi we‡ivax †h `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡VwQj Zvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQj G
A‡ji QvÎ msMVb I mvaviY QvÎ mgvR| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g QvÎ mgvR c~e©evsjvi †h
RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi Rb¥ w`‡qwQj Zvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖwZdjb N‡UwQj 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b hy³d«‡›Ui
wbe©vPbx djvd‡ji Ici|
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª 1958 mvj ch©šÍ bvggvÎ MYZš¿ cÖPwjZ _vK‡jI 1958 mv‡j ZviI Aemvb N‡U|
we‡kl K‡i 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e©evsjvq ¶gZvmxb gymwjg jx‡Mi fivWzwe miKvwi gnj‡K
MYZ‡š¿i cÖwZ fxwZ RvwM‡q †Zv‡j| ZvQvov '54 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi ci c~e©evsjvq RvZxqZvev‡`i †h
avivevwnKZvi m„wó nq, ¶gZvmxb `j Zv‡Z fxZ I DwØMœ n‡q Zv bm¨vr Kivi g‡š¿ DÏxß nq| ZvB
†Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lvb 1958 mv‡j ¶gZv `Lj K‡i mKj ivR‰bwZK `j I ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÛ
wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ib Ges 1962 mvj ch©š— G †NvlYv envj _v‡K| G mg‡qi g‡a¨ c~e©evsjvi mKj
ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K †R‡j ew›` K‡i ivLv nq| d‡j D‡jøwLZ mg‡q c~e©evsjvq †h ivR‰bwZK
k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq, Zv c~i‡Yi j‡¶ GwM‡q Av‡m G A‡ji cÖMwZkxj QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv Z_v QvÎ
mgvR| mvgwiK miKvi QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi Ici Kov bRi ivL‡jI QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv cÖ_gve¯’vq
wewfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK msMV‡bi gva¨‡g Ges 1962 mv‡j mivmwi miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|
Av‡›`vj‡bi ch©vq
1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡iv¶ cÖ¯ÍzwZ Pj‡Z _v‡K '61 mv‡ji †Mvovi w`‡K 21 †deªyqvwi
D`&hvcb‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G c‡e© gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i QvÎ BDwbqb I QvÎjxM| G `y' QvÎ msMVb I
Ab¨vb¨ QvÎ msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 1961 mv‡j 21 †deªyqvwi I iex›`ª kZevwl©Kx Abyôvb cvwjZ nq Ges
G Dcj‡¶ Pviw`b e¨vcx Kg©m~wP M„nxZ nq|
Gw`‡K mvgwiK miKvi QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi MwZwewa j¶ ivLvi Rb¨ wewfbœ †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v MVb K‡i
Ges G‡`i wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Mfb©i AvRg Lvb QvÎ ivRbxwZ‡K ÔkqZv‡bi gbb' e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| ivRbxwZ‡Z RwoZ Qv·`i wZwb wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K KL‡bv ÔbK AvDU' Avevi
KL‡bv ÔwKK AvDU' Kivi †NvlYv †`b| Avevi †K›`ªxq miKvi †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’vi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx
Qv·`i weiy‡× wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖwZwµqvkxj bxwZ †NvlYv K‡i| †hgbÑ ivRbxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ †gavex
Qv·`i ¸iyZ¡c~Y© miKvwi PvKwi, mk¯¿ evwnbx‡Z Kwgkb jvf Ges AvšÍR©vwZK e„wË jv‡f A‡hvM¨
e‡j †NvlYv †`q| miKv‡ii G ai‡bi †NvlYvq QvÎ mgvR fxZ bv n‡q eis miKviwe‡ivax K‡Vvi
Av‡›`vj‡bi j‡¶ GwM‡q hvq| G Ae¯’vq 1961 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m cieZx© 21 †deªyqvwi
D`&hvc‡bi j‡¶ QvÎ BDwbq‡bi †bZv †gvnv¤§` dinv‡`i D‡`¨v‡M QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi
†K›`ªxq †bZ…e„›` B¯‹vU‡bi GKwU evwo‡Z GK †Mvcb mfvq wgwjZ nq| ˆeV‡K wm×všÍ nq †h †Kvb
wKQyi wewbg‡q mvgwiK ˆ¯^ivPv‡ii weiy‡× HK¨e× Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e Ges cieZx© 21
†deªyqvwi †_‡KB Zv ïiy Kiv n‡e| wKšÍz Gi Av‡MB 30 Rvbyqvwi †mvnivIqv`x©i †MÖdZv‡ii Lei 31
Rvbyqvwi XvKvi msev`c‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡j `vevb‡ji gZ Pviw`‡K Av‡›`vjb Qwo‡q c‡o|
1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb‡K wZbwU ch©v‡q wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq| h_vÑ
cÖ_g ce© : mvgwiK kvmb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
wØZxq ce© : msweavb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb
Z…Zxq ce© : AvBqye cÖewZ©Z wk¶v Kwgkb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb|
cvj©v‡g›Uvwi kvmbe¨e¯’v cvwK¯Ív‡b Pvjy Ki‡j Aw¯’wZkxjZv, ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i AvZ¥ ¯^v_©ciZv
Ges `ybx©wZi Rb¥ w`‡e| AZGe, ivóª I mgv‡Ri Kj¨vYv‡_© †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui nv‡Z ¶gZv †K›`ªxf‚Z Kivi
mycvwik Kiv nq| cÖ¯ÍvweZ msweav‡b cÖvßeq¯‹‡`i mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii cwie‡Z© wbqwš¿Z
†fvUvwaKv‡ii K_v ejv nq Ges †fvUvi‡`i †hvM¨Zv wn‡m‡e wk¶v I m¤ú‡`i weavb ivLv nq|
AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbZvwš¿K cwiKíbv I RvZxq Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i c‡iv¶ wbe©vPb †NvwlZ n‡j
c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR cybivq Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| Qv·`i wbe©vPb we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi Wv‡K mvov
w`‡q AvIqvgx jxM I b¨vc wbe©vP‡b Ask †bIqv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| wbe©vPb †k‡l Av‡›`vjbiZ
QvÎiv RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbKU wee„wZi gva¨‡g 15 `dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡i| Gig‡a¨ cÖavb
`vwe¸‡jv wQjÑ mKj ivR‰bwZK ew›`i gyw³`vb, †MÖdZvwi ciIqvbv cÖZ¨vnvi, mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z
mvRvcÖvß e¨w³‡`i gyw³, ivR‰bwZK Kgx© I ew›`‡`i m¤úwË ev‡RqvßKi‡Yi Av‡`k cÖZ¨vnvi,
ivR‰bwZK †bZv‡`i Ici Av‡ivwcZ EBDO I PODO cÖf…wZ KvjvKvby‡bi cÖZ¨vnvi, evK-
¯^vaxbZv, msMwVZ nIqvi ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vbmn Qv·`i ¯^v_© Ges wk¶v cÖwZôvb msµvšÍ wKQy `vwe|
Qv·`i `vwei cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q AvBbmfvq miKviwe‡ivax MÖyc wb‡R‡`i Rb¨ 8 `dv bxwZgvjv
MÖnY K‡i| G¸‡jv n‡jv †gŠwjK AwaKvi cÖwZôv, webv wePv‡i wW‡Ubk‡bi we‡ivwaZv, mKj
ivR‰bwZK ew›`i Avï gyw³ BZ¨vw`| 25 Ryb (1962) cvwK¯Ív‡bi bqRb kxl© ivR‰bwZK †bZv
AvBqy‡ei cÖ¯ÍvweZ kvmbZš¿ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i wee„wZ †`b| ZvQvov eyw×Rxex, wk¶K, ivRbxwZwe`‡`i
ga¨ †_‡KI Qv·`i `vwei c‡¶ mg_©b e¨³ Kiv nq| d‡j miKvi AwaKvsk Qv·K gyw³ w`‡Z eva¨
nq|
wbe©vPb †k‡l †bZ…e„›` Ab¨ GKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi m~ÎcvZ K‡i| Zviv wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i mv‡_ ˆeVK
K‡i cvj©v‡g‡›U c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgm¨vi K_v ejvi cÖwZkªywZ Av`v‡qi †Póv K‡i| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i
we‡kl Uv‡M©U wQj †gvbv‡qg Lvb| msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡qB wZwb gqgbwmsn †_‡K GK wee„wZ w`‡q
ivRew›`‡`i Ô‡`k‡`ªvnx' wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i gyw³ bv †`qvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii Kv‡Q
Av‡e`b Rvbvb| Gi cÖwZev‡` QvÎ msm` Awa‡ek‡bi w`b wegvb e›`‡i †gvbv‡qg Lvb‡K bv‡Rnvj
K‡i| †gvbv‡qg Lvb K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨B †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ¯^v¯’¨gš¿x Ges `y'gv‡mi g‡a¨ c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i n‡q Qv·`i Ici e¨vcK `gb bxwZ Pvwj‡q Gi cÖwZ‡kva †bb|
kixd Kwgk‡bi mycvwik Abyhvqx miKvi 1962 mv‡j cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶v welqK KZ¸‡jv wm×všÍI
†NvlYv K‡i| h_vÑ
1. cÖwZwU ¯‹z‡j 60 kZvsk e¨q msM„nxZ n‡e Qv·`i †eZb †_‡K evwK 20 kZvsk e¨e¯’vcbv
KZ…©c¶ wbe©vn Ki‡e|
2. cvm †Kvm© I Abvm© †Kv‡m©i mgqMZ cv_©K¨ we‡jvc Kiv nq|
kixd Kwgk‡bi mycvwik I miKvwi wm×v‡šÍi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvi QvÎiv Z…Zxqev‡ii gZ AvBqye Lv‡bi
weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| XvKv K‡jR †_‡K cÖ_‡g Av‡›`vjb ïiy n‡qwQj| Gici XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjqmn †`‡ki †gwW‡Kj, ¯‹zj, K‡jR I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi QvÎiv Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK
†`q| 10 AvM÷ XvKv K‡j‡Ri K¨vw›U‡b ¯œvZK I D”P gva¨wgK †kªYxi QvÎiv GK mgv‡e‡k wgwjZ
n‡q 15 AvM÷ †`ke¨vcx ag©NU Ges 10 †m‡Þ¤^i mwPevj‡q Ae¯’vb ag©N‡Ui WvK †`q| 15 AvM÷
†`ke¨vcx ag©NU cvwjZ nq Ges Gw`b †_‡K 10 †m‡Þ¤^i ch©šÍ XvKv wek¦we`¨vq Av‡›`vj‡bi
†K›`ªwe›`y‡Z cwiYZ nq| 10 AvM÷ c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKvi 144 aviv Rvwi Ki‡j 17 †m‡Þ¤^i
niZv‡ji WvK †`Iqv nq| Gw`‡K 10 †m‡Þ¤^i †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`x©‡K gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡i
miKvi Zuvi gyw³cÖ`vb m¤ú‡K© KUv¶ Ki‡j 17 †m‡Þ¤^i QvÎiv iv¯Ívq iv¯Ívq wc‡KwUs ïiy K‡i|
Hw`b Qv·`i m‡½ c~e©evsjvi e¨emvqx mwgwZ, Kg©Pvix mwgwZ, wiKkv BDwbqb, kªwgK BDwbqb
cÖf…wZ msMVb †hvM †`q| miKvi Av‡›`vjb K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb Kivi j‡¶ cywjk I †mbvevwnbx
†gvZv‡qb K‡i| 17 †m‡Þ¤^i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cywjkx wbh©vZ‡b K‡qKRb QvÎ wbnZ I AvnZ nq|
Gw`b Kg©m~wP cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q h‡kvi, PÆMÖvgmn wewfbœ RvqMvq cywj‡ki wbh©vZ‡b eû QvÎ AvnZ I
†MÖdZvi nq| wZbw`b c~e©evsjvq e¨vcK QvÎ Afz¨Ìvb N‡U| NUbvi µg AebwZ j¶ K‡i knx`
†mvnivIqv`x© c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Mfb©i †Mvjvg dviy‡Ki mv‡_ K‡qK `dv ˆeV‡K wgwjZ nb| ZuviB
civg‡k© QvÎ Afz¨Ìv‡bi Z…Zxq w`‡bi g‡a¨ miKvi kixd wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© ev¯Íevqb ¯’wMZ
†NvlYv K‡i| GKB m‡½ GK D™¢U wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g 1963 mv‡ji Rb¨ †h mKj QvÎ ¯œvZK cix¶v_x©
wQj Zv‡`i cix¶v e¨ZxZ wWwMÖ cÖ`vb Kivi †NvlYv †`Iqv nq| Gi ga¨w`‡q QvÎ Av‡›`vjb µ‡g
w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o|
Z…ZxqZ, G Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZ¨¶ dj wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h, AvBqye Lv‡bi gZ †jŠn gvbe QvÎ
Av‡›`vj‡bi wbKU bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i knx` †mvnivIqv`x©‡K gyw³`vb I 1962 mv‡ji †kl w`‡K kixd
wk¶v Kwgk‡bi wi‡cvU© ev¯Íevqb ¯’wMZ Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
PZz_©Z, AvBqye Lvb µgea©gvb QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ev Qv·`i †ivlvbj †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi j‡¶ webv
cix¶vq Qv·`i wWwMÖ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
cÂgZ, Ôwk¶v Av‡›`vjb' wn‡m‡e eûj cwiwPZ G Av‡›`vj‡bi ivR‰bwZK w`KI D‡c¶bxq bq|
1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡i †h `gb-cxob I wewfbœ wbeZ©bg~jK I
ivRbxwZwe`‡`i A‡K‡Rv Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ A‡hvM¨KiY Aa¨v‡`k Rvwi K‡ib Zv‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡b
we‡klZ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b GK Pig ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq| '62-i Av‡›`vjb G cwiKwíZ
ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zv‡K †f‡½ †MvUv cwi‡ek‡K Pv½v K‡i †Zv‡j|
lôZ, 1966 mv‡ji Qq`dv Av‡›`vjb '69-Gi e¨vcK MYAfz¨Ìvb I AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb, 1970
mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b evOvwj ivR‰bwZK GwjU‡`i wbi¼zk weRq Ges Ae‡k‡l 1971 mv‡ji
¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g weRq AR©‡bi †¶‡Î 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb AwaKZi
cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix NUbv| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vjb Ges lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl bvMv`
¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ mgb¦qK wn‡m‡e 1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg|
me©‡k‡l, 1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vj‡b Ges Zvi c~‡e© fvlv Av‡›`vjb I cieZx© ¯^vwaKvi I ¯^vaxbZv
Av‡›`vj‡b hyMvšÍKvix f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z QvÎiv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z
m¶g n‡q‡Q|
mvims‡¶c
evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`‡qi †cÖ¶vc‡U 1962 mvj GKwU gvBj djK| AvBqye Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmb,
kvmbZš¿ I wk¶vbxwZi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR †h `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj ZviB
avivevwnKZvq 1969 mv‡j e¨vcK QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ˆ¯^ikvmK AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb N‡U|
1962 mv‡ji Av‡›`vjb †_‡K AwR©Z AwfÁZvi mivmwi cÖ‡qvM NwU‡q QvÎ mgvR 1969 mv‡j
AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb NUvq Ges 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡× Zv‡`i weRq‡K mywbwðZ K‡i| ZvB wk¶v,
mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vjb LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| W. †gvnv¤§` nvbbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm, wØZxq LÛ, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1994|
2| Aveyj Kv‡kg, ÔevlwÆi wk¶v Av‡›`vjb t cÖK…wZ I cwiwa', BwZnvm mwgwZ cwÎKv, msL¨v 23-24, 1402-
1404|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| 1962 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b wek¦we`¨vj‡qi msL¨v wQjÑ
(K) 3wU (L) 4wU
3| 1947 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m c~e©evsjvq MwVZ bZzb QvÎ msMV‡bi bvgÑ
(K) QvÎ †dWv‡ikb (L) cye© cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg QvÎjxM
(M) QvÎ BDwbqb (N) c~e© cvwK¯Ívb MYZvwš¿K hyejxM|
4| 1960 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb kvmbZš¿ iPbvi Rb¨ †h Kwgkb MVb K‡ib Zvi bvgÑ
(K) kixd Kwgkb (L) nvgy`yi ingvb Kwgkb
(M) ey¨‡iv Ae b¨vkbvj wiKb÷ªvKkb (N) †gvwgb Kwgkb|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi ivR‰bwZK cUf‚wg ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
2| 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖ¯ÍzwZ Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3| kixd Kwgkb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb ms‡¶‡c ch©v‡jvPbv Kiyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| 1962 mv‡ji QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Kiyb| G Av‡›`vj‡bi djvdj wK n‡qwQj?
cvV-3
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• hy‡×i NUbvejx Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Gi cÖwZwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• 1966 mv‡ji DÌvwcZ 6 `dvi †cQ‡b hy‡×i cÖfve we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡b Gi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
`w¶Y Gwkqvi `yB cÖwZØ›`¡x ivóª n‡”Q fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb| 1947 mv‡j ivóª `y'wUi m„wó nq Ges ZLb
†_‡KB ïiy nq ci¯ú‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| ivóª `y'wUi ga¨Kvi G cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
eûevi cÖZ¨¶ hy‡× iƒc wb‡qwQj| cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi ga¨Kvi ˆeix m¤ú‡K©i cÖavb j¶ Kvwk¥‡ii
Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Kiv| Kvwk¥i wb‡q cvK-fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ cÖ_g hy× msNwUZ nq 1947 mv‡j|
†klch©šÍ RvwZms‡Ni n¯Í‡¶‡ci gva¨‡g G hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U| Kvwk¥i wb‡q cvK-fvi‡Zi g‡a¨
wØZxqevi hy× msNwUZ nq 1965 mv‡j| G hy× `xN©¯’vqx bv n‡jI Gi cÖfve ev djvdj wQj
my`~icÖmvix|
K. hy‡×i KviY
1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i g~j KviY wQj cvwK¯Ívb KZ…©K fviZ kvwmZ Kvwk¥i AwaKvi I
cvwK¯Ívb kvmbfz³ Kivi cÖ‡Póv| 1947 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq fviZ gymwjg msL¨vMwiô
Kvwk¥‡ii `yB-Z…Zxqvsk (R¤§y I Kvwk¥i) Ges cvwK¯Ívb GK-Z…Zxqvsk `Lj K‡i| hw`I fviZ `vwe
K‡i †h Kvwk¥‡ii gnvivRv nwi wms-Gi mv‡_ GKwU Pyw³i gva¨‡g AvBbMZfv‡e Kvwk¥i-Gi Ici
Zvi KZ…©Z¡ cÖwZôv K‡iwQj|
cvwK¯Ívb gymwjg Aay¨wlZ AÂj wn‡m‡e mgMÖ Kvwk¥‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj| wKšÍz
RvwZms‡Ni n¯Í‡¶‡c hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U Ges fviZ I cvwK¯Ívb Kvwk¥‡i wbR wbR AwaK…Z A‡ji
Ici KZ…©Z¡ jvf K‡i| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, ZLb †_‡KB cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ fviZ we‡Ølx g‡bvfve RvMÖZ nq|
1965 mv‡ji c~e© ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ívb G wel‡q A‡bKUv bxie _vK‡jI 1965 mv‡j mvgwiK kvmK
AvBqye Lvb cybivq fviZ we‡ivax ivRbxwZ‡Z Zrci n‡q I‡Vb Ges fviZ AwaK…Z Kvwk¥‡ii Ici
AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi g‡š¿ D¾xweZ nb| KZ¸‡jv cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v AvBqye Lvb‡K 1965 mv‡j
fvi‡Zi weiy‡× hy‡× wjß n‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡iwQ‡jv| KviY¸‡jv wb‡¤œ ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvwPZ n‡jvÑ
1. AvBqye Lv‡bi fveg~wZ© D¾¡j Kiv: AvBqye Lvb g‡bcÖv‡Y GKRb `vw¤¢K †jvK wQ‡jb| ¶gZv
jv‡fi ci wZwb cvwK¯Ív‡b kw³kvjx mvgwiK evwnbx M‡o †Zv‡jb| G mvgwiK kw³‡K e¨envi K‡i
wZwb wb‡Ri ¶gZv cvKv‡cv³ K‡i †Zv‡jb| AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK QvÎ
Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L weeªZKi Ae¯’vq c‡ob Ges †klch©šÍ QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi wbKU bwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i
mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi, ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„›`‡K gyw³mn wk¶vmsµvšÍ cwiKíbv evwZj K‡ib| G‡Z
Zuvi fveg~wZ© A‡bKUv Le© nq| GiciB AvBqye we‡ivax 9 `jxq d«›U Ôb¨vkbvj †W‡gv‡µwUK d«›U'
(GbwWGd) MVb Ges MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Av‡›`vj‡b AvBqy‡ei fveg~wZ© AviI ¶zbœ nq| GB
d«‡›Ui Kvh©µg w¯ÍwgZ Ki‡Z d«‡›Ui Kvh©µ‡gi Ici K‡Vvi wewawb‡la Av‡ivc Kiv nq| 1964 mv‡j
miKv‡ii c„ô‡cvlKZvq wn›`y-gymjgvb `v½v wenvwi-evOvwj `v½vq iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z mgq jv‡Mwb| `v½v
we‡Ølx evOvwj‡`i ZrciZvq miKvi kw¼Z nq| Gi mv‡_ hy³ nq 1965 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi djvdj|
wbe©vP‡b KviPywci gva¨‡g AvBqye Rqx nb| wKšÍz we‡ivax `jxq ÔKc' cÖv_x© dv‡Zgv wRbœvn c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye A‡c¶v cÖvq wظY †fv‡U Rqjvf K‡ib| GB wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g c~e© I cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i Kv‡Q cwi®‹vi n‡q I‡V †gŠwjK MYZ‡š¿i gva¨‡g miKvwi cÖv_x©‡K
civwRZ Kiv Am¤¢e| ZvB ivRbxwZwe`iv AvBqye-we‡ivax K‡Vvi Kg©m~wP †`qvi †Póv Pvjvb|
Ab¨w`‡K AvBqye Lvb Zuvi e¨_©Zv XvKvi Rb¨ RbM‡Yi `„wó‡K Ab¨w`‡K mwi‡q †`qvi D‡Ï‡k Kvwk¥i
Rq K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ eo ai‡bi K…wZZ¡ e‡q Avb‡Z m‡Pó nb|
2. Pxb-fviZ hy‡×i cÖfve: 1962 mv‡j Pxb-fviZ hy‡× fviZxq evwnbx civwRZ nq Ges Pxb fviZ
kvwmZ Kvwk¥‡ii ÔAvKmvB' AÂj `Lj K‡i †bq| Px‡bi Kv‡Q fviZxq evwnbxi civRq cvwK¯Ívb‡K
DrmvwnZ K‡i| AvBqye Lvb nVvr K‡i Zuvi fviZ bxwZ cwieZ©b K‡i c~‡e©i cÖwZØw›`¡Zvq wjß nb|
3. Avš—R©vwZK cÖfve: Pxb-fviZ hy‡×i ci cvwK¯Ívb Px‡bi mv‡_ ˆgÎx †RvU M‡o †Zv‡j| cvkvcvwk
B‡›`v‡bwkqv I †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi mv‡_I AvBqye Lv‡bi mym¤úK© M‡o I‡V| wbe©vP‡bi cici
wZwb wcwKs I g‡¯‹v mdi K‡ib| Gme iv‡óªi mg_©b I mn‡hvwMZv cvIqvi Avk¦vm †c‡q AvBqye
Lvb fvi‡Zi weiy‡× hy‡× wjß nIqvi cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib|
4. Kvwk¥i‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c fviZxq hy³iv‡óªi A½xf‚Z Kiv: 1964 mv‡j RInijvj †bniyi g„Zz¨i ci
jvjevnv`yi kv¯¿x cÖavbgš¿x n‡q Kvwk¥‡ii e¨vcv‡i bZzb `„wóf½x MÖnY K‡ib| fviZxq msweav‡b
Kvwk¥‡ii †h we‡kl ¯’vb wQj 1964 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡i kv¯¿xi miKvi msweavb ms‡kvab K‡i Zv Zz‡j
w`‡q Kvwk¥i‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c fviZxq hy³iv‡óªi A½xf‚Z K‡i †bq| Gi d‡j cvwK¯Ív‡b bZzb K‡i
fviZ we‡ivax cÖwZwµqvi m„wó nq|
5. K‡”Qi hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi weRq: fvi‡Zi ¸RivU I cvwK¯Ív‡bi wmÜz cÖ‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z
mgy`ªZxieZx© K‡”Qi iv‡bi DËivsk cvwK¯Ívb `vwe Ki‡j fviZ Zvi m¤ú~Y©UvB wb‡Ri e‡j †NvlYv
K‡i| G `vwe wb‡q 1965 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m cvwK¯Ívb I fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ msNl© euv‡a Ges G msN‡l©
cvwK¯ÍvbB †ewk mdjZv AR©b K‡i| G hy‡× weRq AvBqye Lv‡bi g‡bvej I AvKv•¶v eû¸‡Y
evwo‡q †`q|
6. cvwK¯Ív‡bi †MŠie I AvqZb e„w×: Pxb-fviZ hy‡× fvi‡Zi civRq, K‡”Qi hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi
weRq Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi wekvj ˆmb¨evwnbx AvBqye Lv‡bi g‡bvej e„w× K‡i| ZvB wZwb fviZ AwaK…Z
Kvwk¥i AwaKv‡ii gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi AvqZb e„w× I †MŠie evov‡bvi j‡¶ AMÖmi nb| Avi G
bxwZi cÖZ¨¶ cwiYwZ 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy×|
7. c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vwaK¨ bm¨vr Kiv: cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
msL¨vMwiô AÂj wQj| d‡j 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY ¶gZvmxb gymwjg jxM‡K
†kvPbxqfv‡e civwRZ K‡iwQj| Gici msL¨vwa‡K¨i `vwe‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii wbKU wewfbœ
`vwe DÌvcb K‡i| AvBqye Lvb †P‡qwQ‡jb Kvwk¥i AwaKvi K‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Ki‡Z cvi‡j
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi msL¨vwaK¨ bó n‡e| G ¯^cœ‡K ev¯ÍevwqZ Ki‡Z wM‡q AvBqye Lvb fvi‡Zi weiy‡×
hy‡× wjß nb|
8. cvwK¯Ív‡bi mgmvgwqK ciivóªgš¿x I ciivóª mwP‡ei cÖfve: cvwK¯Ív‡bi ZrKvjxb ciivóªgš¿x
†RW.G. fz‡Æv Ges ciivóª mwPe AvwRR Avng` cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
AwZwi³ AvZ¥wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| Zuviv fvi‡Zi weiy‡× `xN©¯’vqx hy‡× cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi kw³ I mvg_©
m¤ú‡K© ivóªcÖavb AvBqye Lvb‡K fzj c‡_ cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Qb| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i †cQ‡b
Zv‡`i cÖfve ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jv|
L. hy‡×i NUbvewj
1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i KviY hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ j¶ wQj hy‡×
fviZ‡K c`vbZ K‡i fviZ kvwmZ Kvwk¥i AwaKvi Kiv Ges Zv cvwK¯Ívb ivóªfz³ Kiv| G j¶
mvg‡b wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb AMÖmi nq| Kvwk¥ix †bZv †kL Avãyjøvn&i †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZwµqvq fviZ-wbqwš¿Z
Kvwk¥‡i D‡ËRbv Qwo‡q co‡j cvwK¯Ívb fvi‡Z AbycÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM cvq| fz‡Ævi cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK
Kvwk¥‡i mk¯¿ †Mwijv AbycÖ‡ek NUv‡bv ïiy nq 1965 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡mi †kl w`‡K| 9 AvM÷ R¤§y
I Kvwk¥i wecøex cwil` MVb K‡i AbycÖ‡ekKvixiv cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i mnvqZvq fviZ wbqwš¿Z
GjvKvq wnsmvZ¥K ZrciZv ïiy K‡i †`q| e¨vcK ¸wj, AwMœms‡hvM Ges wewfbœ bvkKZvg~jK KvR
Pj‡Z _vK‡j cvwK¯Ívwb cÖPvih‡š¿ G‡K fviZxq kvm‡bi weiy‡× Kvwk¥ix RbM‡Yi we‡`ªvn e‡j cÖPvi
Ki‡Z _v‡K| mg¯Í AvM÷ gvm a‡i cvK †mbviv wbqš¿Y †iLv eivei AvµgY Pvjv‡Z _v‡K|
Ae‡k‡l 6 †m‡Þ¤^i cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx Kvwk¥‡ii fviZxq Ask AvµgY Ki‡j me©vZ¥K hy× ïiy nq|
hy‡×i cÖ_g †_‡KB fviZxq evwnbx cÖvavb¨ eRvq ivL‡Z ïiy K‡i| fviZxq ˆmb¨iv AvšÍR©vwZK mxgvšÍ
AwZµg K‡i jv‡nvi kn‡ii w`‡K AMÖmi n‡Z _v‡K| cvwK¯Ívwbiv Kvwk¥i mxgv‡šÍi Qvgi †m±‡i
mvdj¨ jvf Ki‡jI Ab¨Î civwRZ n‡Z _v‡K|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi G‡nb Pig `yw`©‡b c~e© cvwK¯ÍvwbivB Pig mvnwmKZvi mv‡_ hy× K‡i jv‡nvi kni i¶v
K‡iwQj| Gw`‡K hy‡× cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kvPbxq Ae¯’v Abyfe Ki‡Z †c‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I cvðvZ¨
kw³ Df‡qB hy× eÜ Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq| Zv‡`i †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M RvwZms‡Ni K‡Vvi ûwkqvixi wfwˇZ
gvÎ m‡Zi w`‡bi gv_vq 23 †m‡Þ¤^i hy× eÜ Kiv nq| Gi K‡qK gvm ci 1966 mv‡ji 10
Rvbyqvwi †mvwf‡qZ cÖavbgš¿x Av‡j‡·B †KvwmwM‡bi ga¨¯’Zvq ZvmL›` kn‡i fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi
g‡a¨ GK Pyw³ ¯^v¶wiZ nq| ZvmL›` Pyw³i gva¨‡g cvK-fviZ hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U| wKšÍz G Pyw³i
bqwU avivi †KvbwU‡ZB Kvwk¥i mgm¨vi D‡jøL gvÎ wQj bv|
cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi b¨vq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bI cvK-fviZ hy‡×i weiƒc cÖwZwµqv †`Lv w`‡qwQj| c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x gnj¸‡jv ZvmL›` Pyw³‡K ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q hy× I mv¤úª`vwqKZvi
cwie‡Z© Kvwk¥i mgm¨vi kvwšÍc~Y© mgvav‡bi Ici †Rvi †`b| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ G A‡ji gvbyl cvK-fviZ
hyׇK AvBqye Lv‡bi nVKvwiZv e‡j AvL¨v w`‡qwQj| cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ci G A‡j AvBqye
we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b GK bZzb gvÎv †hvM nq| Gi KviY n‡”Q hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K m¤ú~Y©
Aiw¶Z Ae¯’vq †d‡j ivLv n‡qwQj| fviZ B‡”Q Ki‡j †h †Kvb gyû‡Z© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb `Lj K‡i
wb‡Z cviZ| c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb RIqvbiv Rxeb evwR †i‡L cvÄv‡ei jv‡nvi kni i¶v Ki‡jI cvK
miKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi b~¨bZg wbivcËvi wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvQvov hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
cwðg cvwK¯Ívbmn †MvUv c„w_ex †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wew”Qbœ wQj, Lv`¨`ªe¨mn wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmc‡Îi
`vg †e‡o hvq| d‡j mvgwiK I A_©‰bwZK ciwbf©iZvmn c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvwe©K AmnvqZ¡ mKj
evOvwji †Pv‡L cÖKU n‡q †`Lv †`q| GKB mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi bv‡g I mv¤úª`vwqK Avei‡Y c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡× cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wPivPwiZ mvs¯‹…wZK AvMÖvmb hy‡×i mgq †_‡K bMœ AvKvi aviY
K‡i| iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi Ôwn›`y' wQ‡jb e‡j Zuvi Mvb cvwK¯Ívwb †eZv‡i m¤ú~Y© wbwl× †NvwlZ nq|
bRiyj Bmjvg‡K mv¤úª`vwqK wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi ciI Zuvi Bmjvgx Mvb¸‡jv †_‡K Ôwn›`yqvwb'
kãmg~n ev` w`‡q cwi‡ekb Kiv n‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e welqwU Ggbfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, 1965
mv‡ji hy× evn¨Z fvi‡Zi weiy‡× n‡jI hyMcr Zv wQj c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiy‡×I| cieZx© †cÖ¶vcU
`„‡ó g‡b nq AvBqye Lvb fvi‡Zi weiy‡× e¨_© n‡q Kvwk¥‡ii cwie‡Z© Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb' R‡qi †bkvq gË
n‡jb|
Zxeª †µva m„wó nq| d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎ-RbZv AvBqye Lv‡bi weiy‡× GK `ye©vi MYAv‡›`vjb
M‡o †Zv‡j Ges G Av‡›`vj‡b Ae‡k‡l 1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb N‡U|
mvims‡¶c
1965 mv‡j fviZ‡K civwRZ K‡i Kvwk¥i weRq msµvšÍ AvBqye Lv‡bi cwiKíbv wQj GKwU
AjxK ¯^cœ| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ AvBqye wb‡Ri `vw¤¢KZv cÖKv‡ki j‡¶ cÖwZc¶‡K we‡ePbv bv K‡i G
hy‡× wjß nb| Avi G hy‡× civwRZ n‡q wZwb wbR †`kmn ewnwe©‡k¦I wbw›`Z n‡q‡Qb|
Acic‡¶, cvK-fviZ hy‡× civwRZ n‡q AvBqye Lvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ cÖwZ‡kva civqb nb|
Ae¯’v GgbB cÖgvwYZ n‡jv †h, c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Kvi‡Y AvBqye Lvb civwRZ n‡q‡Qb| GUv wQj
AvBqye Lv‡bi GKwU gvivZ¥K fzj wm×všÍ| Ae‡k‡l c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ Zuvi Giƒc ˆewifve G
A‡ji ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K Av‡iv hyw³hy³ K‡i †Zv‡j Ges †klch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwei Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ¶gZv Qvo‡Z eva¨ nb| ZvB ejv hvq, 1965 mv‡ji cvK-
fviZ hy× c‡iv¶fv‡e AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K mywbwðZ K‡iwQj|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| wR.WweøD. †PŠayix, ALÛ cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kl w`b¸‡jv, XvKv, nK K_v cÖKvkbx, 1991|
2| KvgiyÏxb Avng`, ¯^vaxb evsjvi Afz¨`q Ges AZtci, XvKv, bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯Ívb, 1982|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy× ¯’vqx nqÑ
(K) 13 w`b (L) 17 w`b
(M) 21 w`b (N) 27 w`b|
2| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i Aemvb N‡U †h Pyw³i gva¨‡g Zvi bvgÑ
(K) wmgjv Pyw³ (L) w`wjø Pyw³
(M) ZvmL›` Pyw³ (N) jv‡nvi Pyw³|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i NUbvewj wjLyb|
2| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi Rb¨ ZvmL›` Pyw³ wK cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡iwQj wjLyb|
3| 6 `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi †cQ‡b GB hy‡×i wK †Kvb cÖfve wQj?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i KviY¸‡jv eY©bv Kiyb|
2| 1965 mv‡ji hy‡×i NUbvewj Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 1966 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi DÌvwcZ 6 `dv
cÖYqb mn c~e©e‡½ GB hy‡×i cÖfve wek`fv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiyb|
cvV-4
Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
6 `dvi cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
6 `dvi iƒc‡iLv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
6 `dvi miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZwµqv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
6 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi weKvk m¤ú‡K© AeMZ n‡eb;
6 `dvi ¸iyZ¡ Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
6 `dv cvwK¯Ív‡bi H‡K¨i cÖwZ ûgwK ¯^iƒc wQj wKbv Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cvwK¯Ívwb Af¨œZixY Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K gy³ Kivi j‡¶ AvIqvgx jxM
mfvcwZ †kL gywReyi ingvb 1966 mv‡j jv‡nv‡i AbywôZ we‡ivax `‡ji m‡¤§jb PjvKv‡j
HwZnvwmK Qq `dv Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡ib| ¯^vqËkvm‡bi c‡¶ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvby‡li c~e©eZx© AvVvi
eQ‡ii msMÖv‡gi cUf‚wg‡Z H †NvlYv wQj cvwK¯Ívb ivóªKvVv‡gvi Aax‡b evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi cÖwZôvi
m‡e©v”P `vwe| 1965 mv‡ji cvK-fviZ hy‡×i ev¯Íe AwfÁZv Ges mvgwiK e¨e¯’vq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K
Pig Ae‡njvi d‡j evsjvi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡K Av‡iv Zxeª K‡i †Zv‡j| ZvmL›` Pyw³ †NvlYvi ci
hLb cvwK¯Ívwb kvmKP‡µi g‡a¨ Ø›`¡ ïiy nq ZLbB †kL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi Qq `dv cÖ¯Íve †NvlYv
K‡ib| Qq `dv Kg©m~wP cÖPvwiZ nIqvi ciciB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b e¨vcK mvov c‡o hvq Ges c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY e¨vcKfv‡e G Kg©m~wP mg_©b K‡ib| ivóªweÁvbx iIbK Rvnvb h_v_©B e‡jb, 6
`dv Av‡›`vjb ¶Y¯’vqx n‡jI Zv evOvwji ivRbxwZi †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b NUvq Ges cieZx©Kv‡ji
ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZ-cÖK…wZ wba©viY K‡i| e¯ÍzZ, 1966 cieZx© c~e© cvwK¯Ívb Z_v eZ©gvb
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vqËkvmbwfwËK Av‡›`vjb, '70-Gi wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq Z_v 1971 mv‡ji
¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi †cQ‡b Drmvn hywM‡qwQj Qq `dvwfwËK ¯ú„nv|
K. Qq `dvi cUf‚wg
Qq `dv `vwe DÌvcb cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi BwZnv‡m †Kvb wew”Qbœ NUbv bq| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, 1947 mv‡j
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi m„wói ci †_‡K c~e©v‡ji cÖwZ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Jcwb‡ewkK g‡bvfve Z_v G
A‡ji ivRbxwZwe`‡`i Aeg~j¨vqb, A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î ˆelg¨bxwZ AbymiY, mvgwiK w`K †_‡K ¸iyZ¡
bv †`Iqv cÖf…wZ Qq `dv `vwe‡K hyw³hy³ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| ZvB Qq `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi †cQ‡b GKUv
Zvrch©c~Y© cUf‚wg i‡q‡Q|
1. ivR‰bwZK cUf‚wg: HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei d‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¥ n‡jI c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K
KL‡bvB jv‡nvi cÖ¯ÍvewfwËK ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi †`Iqv nqwb| 1947 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡b
cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi Rb¨ cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZôv I MYgyLx msweavb cÖYq‡bi K_v ejv n‡jI
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g miKvi MVb I msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z GK `kK AwZevwnZ n‡q hvq| ZvQvov
1954 mv‡j hy³d«›U wbe©vP‡b Rqx n‡q RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj miKvi MVb Ki‡jI cwðgv ¯^v_©v‡b¦lx
gn‡ji Pµv‡šÍ hy³d«›U miKvi mdj n‡Z cv‡iwb| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi
K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivRbxwZK‡`i †gŠwjK AwaKvi niY K‡ib| 1959 mv‡j Ô‡gŠwjK MYZš¿' bvgK
AMYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡i evsjvi gvby‡li †fvUvwaKvi niY K‡i 1960 I 1965 mv‡j wbe©vP‡bi
bv‡g cÖnmb Kv‡qg K‡ib| Gfv‡e cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci †_‡K 1966 mvj Z_v ¯^vaxbZvi c~e© ch©šÍ
cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kvb RbcÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj miKvi cÖwZwôZ n‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB G ch©šÍ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ici
mKj cwiKíbv ev wm×všÍ g~jZ †K›`ª †_‡K Pvwc‡q †`Iqv n‡Zv| GQvov 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ
hy×Kv‡j `xN©w`b †K‡›`ªi mv‡_ c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †hvMv‡hvM wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq Ges mvgwiK w`K †_‡K
c~e©vÂj G‡Kev‡i Aiw¶Z n‡q c‡o| Riywi Ae¯’vq †Kv‡bv wm×všÍ †bIqvi gZ ¶gZv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
KZ…©c‡¶i wQj bv| Ggwb Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z †kL gywReyi ingvb HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwe DÌvc‡bi
gva¨‡g c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rb¨ ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi `vwe K‡ib|
W. cÖxwZKzgvi wgÎ G‡¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi RbMY I ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i ga¨Kvi MYZvwš¿K I
RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai weKv‡ki cÖwZ ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| W. cÖxwZKzgvi wgÎ Zuvi Ôevsjv‡`‡ki
gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1958-1966' kxl©K cÖe‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb †h, 1947-Gi ci †_‡K cvwK¯Ív‡b
GKvwaK we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j I Zv‡`i Abymvix QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| Gi d‡j GKw`‡K †K›`ªxq
miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y I Aciw`‡K ivR‰bwZK `j Ges QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi Av‡›`vjb †`kevmx‡K Zv‡`i
AwaKvi m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb K‡i †Zv‡j| GiB †cÖ¶vc‡U †kL gywReyi ingvb Zuvi 6 `dv `vwe DÌvcb
K‡ib|
2. cÖkvmwbK cUf‚wg: cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmbe¨e¯’vq iv‡óªi cÖ_g †kªYxi kxl©¯’vbxq Kg©KZ©v †_‡K ïiy K‡i
PZz_© †kªYxi Kg©Pvix ch©šÍ mKj ¯Í‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i AskMÖnY wQj wbZvšÍB bMY¨ msL¨K|
cwiKwíZ Dcv‡q cÖkvmwbK †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i wb‡qvM Kiv nqwb| cvwK¯Ívwb ivóªweÁvbx nvmvb
AvkKvix wiRwf GKwU cwimsL¨v‡bi wfwˇZ †`wL‡q‡Qb AvBqye Avg‡j †gvU 62 Rb gš¿xi g‡a¨
gvÎ 22Rb wQ‡jb evOvwj gš¿x| GB 22 R‡bi g‡a¨ KvD‡K †Kvb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© gš¿Yvj‡qi `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv
nqwb| d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb cwiKíbv cÖYq‡bi †¶‡Î ¯’vbxq‡`i †Zgb †Kvb f‚wgKv
_vK‡Zv bv| GRb¨B 6 `dvq ¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi I †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii mxwgZ ¶gZv Ges AvÂwjK
miKv‡ii ¶gZv e„w×i `vwe DÌvwcZ n‡qwQj|
3. A_©‰bwZK cUf‚wg: cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi DrcwË †_‡KB c~e© cvwK¯Ívb A_©‰bwZK †¶‡Î cwiKwíZfv‡e
†kvwlZ I ewÂZ n‡Z _v‡K| e¨vsK, exgv I Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi †nW Awdm cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b
Aew¯’Z nIqvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AwR©Z Avq ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB cwð‡g P‡j †h‡Zv| Avevi PvKwii †¶‡Î
cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv msL¨vwaK¨ _vKvq G mg¯Í Avq g~jZ: ZvivB †fvM Ki‡Zv| 1961 mv‡j me©cÖ_g
†K›`ªxq ivR¯^ Avq-e¨‡q `yB cÖ‡`‡ki Ae`vb wb‡q GKwU mgx¶vq †`Lv hvq †h, †K›`ªxq ivR¯^ Av‡q
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae`vb 22% Ges PjwZ e¨‡q †m wnm¨v nj 12%| wKšÍz G wnmveI h_v_© bq|
KviY, c~e© cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i Avg`vwb I AvqKi ïé cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b Rgv w`‡Z n‡Zv| Avevi ißvwb
evwY‡R¨i †¶‡Î 1960 mvj ch©šÍ †gvU Av‡qi 60% Av‡m c~e©vÂj †_‡K| wKšÍz Av‡qi †¶‡Î cye©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi Ae`vb †ewk n‡jI †fvM I Dbœqb e¨‡q G A‡ji †jvKRb Zv‡`i b¨vh¨ Ask †c‡Zv
bv| cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq c~e©v‡ji Dbœq‡b gv_vwcQy e¨‡qi cwigvY wQj 80 UvKv
Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b wQj 205 UvKv| wØZxq cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvq ˆelg¨ Kgv‡bvi c`‡¶c †bIqv
n‡j c~e©v‡j gv_vwcQy e¨q n‡qwQj 190 UvKv cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 292 UvKv|
1960-61 †_‡K 1964-65 mv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b e¨q n‡qwQj 970 †KvwU UvKv
Avi cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b 2,150 †KvwU UvKv| A_P Av‡qi †¶‡Î `yB cÖ‡`‡ki wPÎ wQj m¤ú~Y© wecixZ|
ewne©vwY‡R¨ cÖ_g `k eQ‡i cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b †hLv‡b 407.6 †KvwU UvKvi FbvZ¥K fvimvg¨ wQj, c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b †mLv‡b 868 †KvwU UvKv FbvZ¥K fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L|
†K›`ªxq miKv‡ii †UªRvwi‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi Zzjbvq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb 200 †KvwU UvKvi †ewk
ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv Rgv †`q| A_P †K›`ªxq miKvi G mgq cÖwZ eQi cÖvq 40 †KvwU UvKvi we‡`kx `ªe¨
Avg`vwbi †¶‡Î c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ewÂZ K‡i|
cwðgv‡ji ˆe‡`wkK F‡Yi †evSv †gUv‡bv n‡Zv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi FbvZ¥K Avq †_‡K| GQvov c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K m¤ú` bvbv Dcv‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b cvPvi n‡q †h‡Zv| 1956 mv‡ji c~‡e© cÖwZ eQi
RvZxq Av‡qi 2% c~e©vÂj †_‡K cwðgv‡j cvPvi n‡Zv| Giƒc ˆelg¨ bxwZ I †kvl‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U
†kL gywReyi ingvb KZ…©K 6 `dv DÌvwcZ nq|
4. mvgwiK cUf‚wg: 6 `dv DÌvc‡bi mvgwiK †cÖ¶vcU wQj AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi
mvgwiK, †bŠ Ges wegvb evwnbxi m`i `ßi wQj cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b| RvZxq wbivcËv evwnbx‡Z c~e©
cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i AskMÖnY wQj ¯^ímsL¨K| me‡P‡q ¯úk©KvZi welq n‡”Q 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ
hy×Kv‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvgwiKfv‡e cÖvq Aiw¶Z wQj| m¤¢ve¨ fviZ AvµgY cÖwZnZ Kivi g‡Zv
†Kvb kw³ c~e©v‡ji wQj bv| ZvB 6 `dvq AvÂwjK AvavmvgwiK evwnbx MV‡bi `vwe DÌvwcZ nq|
Giƒc ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK, A_©‰bwZK I mvgwiK †cÖ¶vc‡U AvIqvgx jxM mfvcwZ †kL gywReyi
ingvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vwaKvi I ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK 6 `dv `vwe cÖYqb K‡ib
Ges 1966 mv‡ji 13 †deªyqvwi jv‡nv‡i cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq Kbdv‡i‡Ý DÌvc‡bi †Póv K‡ib| Hw`b 6
`dv `vwe DÌvc‡b e¨_© n‡q †kL gywReyi ingvb mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡b Zuvi 6 `dv cÖPvi K‡ib Ges
†`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| 21 †deªyqvwi AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 6 `dv DÌvwcZ
n‡j m‡½ m‡½ Zv M„nxZ nq|
L. Qq `dvi iƒc‡iLv
1g `dv t kvmbZvwš¿K KvVv‡gv I ivóªxq cÖK…wZ: HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Ív‡ei wfwˇZ kvmbZš¿
cÖYqbc~e©K cvwK¯Ívb‡K GKwU mwZ¨Kvi hy³ivóª wn‡m‡e MVb Ki‡Z n‡e| GB
hy³iv‡óªi miKvi n‡e cvj©v‡g›Uvwi c×wZi| cÖvßeq¯‹‡`i mve©Rbxb †fvUvwaKv‡ii
wfwˇZ wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa wb‡q MwVZ †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK AvBb mfv¸‡jv n‡e
mve©‡fŠg|
2q `dv t †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii ¶gZv: hy³ivóª (†K›`ªxq) miKv‡ii nv‡Z _vK‡e †`ki¶v I
ciivóªbxwZ| Aewkó mKj welq A½ivR¨mg~‡ni nv‡Z _vK‡e|
3q `dv t gy`ªv I A_© e¨e¯’v: G `dvq †`‡ki gy`ªv e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© `y'wU weKí cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Kiv
nqÑ
K. †`‡ki `y'A‡ji Rb¨ mn‡R wewbgq‡hvM¨ `y'wU gy`ªv Pvjy _vK‡e| G e¨e¯’vq gy`ªvi
†jb‡`b wnmve ivLvi Rb¨ `y'A‡j `y'wU ¯^Zš¿ †÷U e¨vsK _vK‡e Ges gy`ªv I
e¨vsK cwiPvjbvi ¶gZv _vK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| A_evÑ
L. `y'A‡ji Rb¨ GKB gy`ªv _vK‡e, Z‡e kvmbZ‡š¿ Ggb e¨e¯’v ivL‡Z n‡e hv‡Z
GK AÂj †_‡K gy`ªv I g~jab Ab¨ A‡j cvPvi n‡Z bv cv‡i| G e¨e¯’vq
cvwK¯Ív‡b GKwU †dWv‡ij wiRvf© e¨vsK _vK‡e Ges `y'A‡ji Rb¨ `y'wU c„_K
wiRvf© e¨vsK _vK‡e|
4_© `dv t ivR¯^, Ki I ïé welqK ¶gZv: mKj cÖKvi U¨v·, LvRbv I Ki avh© Ges Av`v‡qi
¶gZv _vK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| AvÂwjK miKv‡ii Av`vqK…Z A‡_©i GKwU
wbw`©ó Ask m‡½ m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j Rgv n‡e| kvmbZ‡š¿ G e¨vcv‡i wiRvf©
e¨vsKmg~‡ni Ici weavb _vK‡e|
5g `dv t ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv I ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨: ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv I ˆe‡`wkK evwY‡R¨i †¶‡Î
cÖ‡`k¸‡jvi nv‡Z c~Y© wbqš¿Y ¶gZv _vK‡e| ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ I mvnv‡h¨i e¨vcv‡i
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv hyw³hy³ nv‡i hy³ivóª miKv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi Pvwn`v
wgUv‡e|
6ô `dv t cÖwZi¶v: AvÂwjK msnwZ I RvZxq wbivcËv i¶vi Kvh©Ki e¨e¯’v wn‡m‡e
cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡K wbR¯^ KZ…©Z¡vax‡b AvavmvgwiK evwnbx ev AvÂwjK †mbvevwnbx MVb I
cwiPvjbv Kivi ¶gZv †`Iqv n‡e|
M. Qq `dvi cÖwZwµqv
Qq `dv cÖKvwkZ nevi ci Gi cÖwZ cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶gZvmxb miKvi I Bmjvgcš’x we‡ivax `j¸‡jv
wbR wbR Ae¯’vb †_‡K Zv‡`i cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| h_vÑ
1. miKvwi cÖwZwµqv: Qq `dvi cÖwZ cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cÖwZwµqv wQj †bwZevPK I K‡Vvi|
jv‡nv‡i Qq `dv DÌvwcZ nevi ciw`bB cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÎ-cwÎKvq †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K
wew”QbœZvev`x AvL¨v †`Iqv nq| 14 †deªyqvwi (1966) KivwP‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi AvBb I msm`xq
gš¿x Avãyj nvB †PŠayix Qq `dv‡K ivóª‡`ªvnx ZrciZv e‡j AvL¨v †`b| GKBfv‡e †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye
Lvb Qq `dv‡K Ôwn›`y AvwacZ¨vaxb hy³evsjv MV‡bi lohš¿' e‡j AvL¨v †`b Ges Qq `dv mg_©K‡`i
Ô†Mvj‡hvM m„wóKvix' AvL¨v w`‡q Zv‡`i D‡”Q`K‡í cÖ‡qvR‡b A‡¯¿i fvlv e¨env‡ii ûgwK †`b|
Aciw`‡K Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb †Rvi`vi n‡Z †`‡L AvBqye Lvb Qq `dvi cÖ‡YZv †kL gywReyi
ingvb‡K †MÖdZvimn eû Av‡›`vjbKvix‡K Kviviy× K‡ib|
2. cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖvq me `jB 6 `dvi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i| KvDwÝj gymjxg jxM G‡K Ôc~e©
cvwK¯Ívb‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi `vwe' wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i| wcwcwc cÖavb †R.G. fz‡Æv G‡K †`k wefv‡Mi
dgy©jv AvL¨v w`‡q Gi weiy‡× †Rnv` †NvlYv K‡ib| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx 6 `dv‡K wew”QbœZvi j‡¶
cwiPvwjZ `vwe e‡j AvL¨v †`q| †bRv‡g Bmjvgx GB Kg©m~wP‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †kL gywRe‡K
GKbvqK Kvq`vq wm×všÍ †bqvi Rb¨ mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| mKj ag©wfwËK `‡ji Awfbœ e³e¨ wQj, 6
`dv Bmjvg a‡g©i Aw¯ÍZ¡‡K wecbœ Ki‡e|
Z‡e c~e© cvwK¯Ívb wfwËK `j¸‡jvi cÖwZwµqv wQj A‡c¶vK…Z g„`y| b¨vc (fvmvbx) Aek¨ Gi weiy‡×
cÖ_g †_‡KB †mv”Pvi wQj| gIjvbv fvmvbx Qq `dv‡K cwðgv mvgªvR¨ev`x cÖwZwµqvi Ask wn‡m‡e
eY©bv K‡i G‡K A_©‰bwZKfv‡e Am¤ú~Y© e‡j cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| †Kvb †Kvb b¨vc †bZv G‡K
wmAvBG'i cwiKíbv e‡j AvL¨v †`b| 1966 mv‡j cvwU©i IqvwK©s KwgwUi ˆeV‡K b¨vc 6 `dvi cvëv
14 `dv wfwËK Kg©m~wP †NvlYv K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ AvBqy‡ei ˆPwbK bxwZi Kvi‡Y b¨vc Zv‡K mg_©b
Kivq ¯^vqËkvmb cÖ‡kœ fvmvbx cðv`c` bxwZ AbymiY K‡ib|
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Af¨šÍ‡iI GKwU Ask GB Kg©m~wPi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| we‡kl K‡i `‡ji cwðg
cvwK¯Ívwb †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ beveRv`v bmiyjøvn Lvb Gi weiy‡× mgv‡jvPbv K‡i AvIqvgx jxM Z¨vM
K‡ib| d‡j 6`dv‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívwbiv Kg©m~wPi mg_©b I cwðg cvwK¯Ívwbiv we‡ivwaZv
Kivq AvIqvgx jx‡M AÂjwfwËK fv½‡bi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| Ave`ym mvjvg Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶z`ª GKwU AskI 6 `dvi weiy‡× wQ‡jb|
†Zv‡j| miKvi Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ 1968 mv‡ji †klw`‡K Qq `dvi
cÖ‡YZv †kL gywRemn Av‡iv 34 R‡bi weiy‡× ÔAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv' bvgK wg_¨v gvgjv `v‡qi
K‡i Ges Zv‡`i †MÖdZvi K‡i| Gici wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb wkw_j _vK‡jI 1968
mv‡ji b‡f¤^i-wW‡m¤^i †_‡K Avevi Pv½v n‡Z _v‡K| 1969 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Qv·`i 11
`dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Avevi Zxeª iƒc jvf K‡i|
7. 1970-Gi wbe©vP‡b cÖfve: 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b 6 `dvi cÖfve wQj Zvrch©c~Y©| Qq `dv
Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ †h m‡PZbZv I HK¨ M‡o I‡V, Zvi
cÖfve c‡o mˇii wbe©vP‡b| Av‡›`vj‡b AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…Z¡ †`Iqvi RbMY AvIqvgx jxM‡K †fvU
w`‡q Rqx K‡i‡Q| Aciw`‡K Qq`dv we‡ivax `j¸‡jv‡K Av¯ÍvKuy‡o wb‡¶c K‡i‡Q| Wt Kvgvj
†nv‡mb h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb, ÒP~ovšÍfv‡e wba©viK wbe©vPbx djvdj wQj †kL gywRe, AvIqvgx jxM I Zuvi
Qq `dv Kg©m~wPi c‡¶ RbM‡Yi my¯úó ivqÓ|
8. ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ: Qq `dv‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b †h MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o D‡V, 1969
mv‡j Zv e¨vcK MYAfz¨Ìv‡b iƒc jvf K‡i| G MYAf‚¨Ìvb 1971 mv‡j mk¯¿ ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b
cwiYZ nq Ges †klch©šÍ b'gvm hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| ZvB ejv hvq †h, Qq
`dvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ wQj|
mvims‡¶c
1947 mvj †_‡K 1966 mvj ch©šÍ ivR‰bwZK, cÖkvmwbK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgwiK I mvgvwRK †¶‡Î
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K ewÂZ I †kvl‡Yi cÖwZev`¯^iƒc 1966 mv‡j †kL gywReyi ingvb c~e©evsjvq
¯^vqËkvmbvwaKvi m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK Qq`dv `vwe DÌvcb K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi cvwK¯Ív‡bi †kvlK
†kªYx †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Qq `dvwfwËK `vwe gvb‡Z ivwR wQj bv| ZvB Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb‡K bm¨vr
Kivi j‡¶ miKvi evOvwj‡`i Ici K‡Vvi `gbbxwZ AbymiY K‡i| wKšÍz `ye©vi evOvwj Zv‡Z gv_v
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ, evsjv‡`k t RvwZiv‡óªi D™¢e, XvKv, mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk, 2000|
2| gI`y` Avng` (Abyev`: RMjyj Avjg), evsjv‡`k, ¯^vqËkvmb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, XvKv, BDwcGj, 1992|
3| gynv¤§` nvweeyi ingvb, ÔQq `dv Av‡›`vjb I evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, evsjv‡`k BwZnvm mwgwZ cwÎKv,
msL¨v 23-24, 1402-04|
4| mvjvnDwÏb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1947-1971, XvKv, AvMvgx
cÖKvkbx, 1997|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| 6 `dv cÖ¯Íve DÌvwcZ nqÑ
(K) XvKvq (L) PÆMÖv‡g
(M) wcwÛ‡Z (N) jv‡nv‡i|
2| 6 `dvq mycvwik Kiv nqÑ
(K) msm`xq c×wZi miKvi (L) ivóªcwZ c×wZi miKvi
(M) Mfb©‡ii kvmb (N) GK‡Kw›`ªK kvmb|
3| gy`ªv I A_© e¨e¯’v msµvšÍ `vwe wQj 6 `dvi g‡a¨Ñ
(K) 1 b¤^i `vwe‡Z (L) 2 b¤^i `vwe‡Z
(M) 3 b¤^i `vwe‡Z (N) 5 b¤^i `vwe‡Z|
4| 6 `dvi cÖwZ b¨v‡ci (fvmvbx)cÖwZwµqv wQjÑ
(K) †gŠb (L) c‡¶
(M) wec‡¶ (N) †KvbUvB bq|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| 6 `dvi gy`ªv I A_© Ges ivR¯^ msµvšÍ aviv eY©bv Kiyb|
2| 6 `dvi miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZwµqv ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
3| 6 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi weKvk ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiyb|
4| 1970-Gi wbe©vPb I gyw³hy‡× 6 `dv wK cÖfve †d‡jwQj?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| wK Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1966 mv‡j 6 `dv DÌvwcZ nq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|
2| 6 `dvi eY©bv w`b| G `dv¸‡jvi ¸iyZ¡ we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbvc~e©K Gi cÖwZwµqv wbY©q Kiyb|
cvV-5
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi wewfbœ cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• Gi weiy‡× evOvwj RvwZi cÖwZwµqv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`i DÌvb I gyw³hy‡× Gi f‚wgKv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
1947 mv‡j e„wUk-fviZ wefw³i gva¨‡g ZrKvjxb cwðg cvwK¯Ívb I c~e©evsjv (eZ©gvb evsjv‡`k)
wb‡q cvwK¯Ívb ivóª MwVZ nq| G `y'A‡ji fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj m¤ú~Y© c„_K| c~e©evsjvi
Awaevmxiv wQj cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi †gvU †jvKmsL¨vi cÖvq kZKiv 55 kZvsk Ges G‡`i fvlv wQj
evsjv Ges mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| Aciw`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi evwK 55 kZvsk
†jv‡Ki fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ wQj wewfbœ ai‡bi Ges G‡`i gvÎ 7.2% kZvsk †jv‡Ki fvlv wQj
D`y©| wKšÍz cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci ¶gZvmxb miKvi msL¨vMwi‡ôi evsjv fvlv‡K D‡c¶v K‡i gvÎ 7
kZvs‡ki D`y© fvlv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóª fvlv Kivi Ges evOvwji Ici Zv Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi †Póvq wjß
nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv evOvwj RvwZi ms¯‹…wZ gy‡Q †djvi gva¨‡g evOvwj‡`i
cvwK¯ÍvwbKi‡Yi loh‡š¿ wjß nq| GB cÖwµqvB evOvwji Ici mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b bv‡g L¨vZ|
2. ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ MVb: 1947 mv‡j Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi hyw³ wn‡m‡e ejv nq
†h cvwK¯Ív‡bi 90 kZvsk gvbyl Aviwe ey‡S| ZvB Aviwe ni‡d evsjv Pvjy n‡j gvbyl ci¯úi‡K
eyS‡Z cvi‡e Ges G‡Z ivR‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ M‡o DV‡e|
3. evsjv fvlv‡K cweÎKiY: 1949 mv‡j evsjv eY©gvjv ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ¯Ív‡ei †cQ‡b hyw³ †`Lv‡bv
n‡q‡Q †h, evsjv eY©gvjvq KwZcq ms¯‹…Z eY© i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv wn›`yiv e¨envi K‡i| ZvB evsjv‡K
ms¯‹…Zgy³ Z_v cweÎ Kivi j‡¶ G fvlvi eY©gvjv ms¯‹i‡Yi Avewk¨KZv i‡q‡Q|
4. cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª mve©Rbxb mnR fvlvi cÖeZ©b: c~e©eZx© c`‡¶c e¨_© n‡j AvBqye Lvb mvgwiK
kvmK wn‡m‡e ¶gZvq AwawôZ nIqvi ci 1959 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óª GKwU mnR I mve©Rbxb fvlv
m„wói j‡¶ †ivgvb ni‡d evsjv I D`y© fvlv cÖeZ©‡bi c`‡¶‡c †bq|
5. evsjvi ev cvwK¯Ív‡bi ms¯‹…wZ‡K wn›`ygy³ KiY: miKvi 1960-Gi `k‡K iex›`ª m½xZ Ges evsjv
beel© D`hvcb wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| Gi †cQ‡b hyw³ †`Lv‡bv nq †h, G¸‡jv wn›`y ms¯‹…wZiB Ask|
Avi cvwK¯Ívb GKwU Bmjvwg cÖRvZš¿ wn‡m‡e iv‡óª Gme Abyôvb I m½xZ AbvKvw•¶Z|
6. evOvwj RvZxqZvev`‡K ¯Íä Kiv: G welqwU cvwK¯Ívb miKvwi gn‡ji gyL w`‡q D×…Z bv n‡jI
miKv‡ii GK nxb lohš¿ wQj evsjv fvlv ms¯‹vi I D`y© Pvjyi gva¨‡g †MvUv evOvwj RvwZ‡K gyL© K‡i
ivLv Ges evOvwji RvZxqZvev`‡K ¯Íä K‡i †`Iqvi ga¨w`‡q cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¶gZv‡K my`„p I
my`xN© Kiv|
Gme Kvi‡Y I D‡Ï‡k cvwK¯Ívb miKvi av‡c av‡c evOvwj RvwZi Ici mvs¯‹…wZK wbh©vZb Pvjv‡Z
_v‡K| Aek¨ evOvwj RvwZ miKv‡ii nxb loh‡š¿i wbKU KL‡bv gv_v bZ K‡iwb| c~e©evsjvq
mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi weiy‡× Zviv cÖ_g cÖwZev` Ges c‡i R½x cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib|
Avjx wRbœvn XvKv md‡i Av‡mb| 21 gvP© †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b Ges 24 gvP© XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KvR©b
n‡j Qv·`i mgveZ©b Abyôv‡b D`y©‡KB ivóªfvlv iƒ‡c ب_©nxb †NvlYv †`b| 1952 mv‡ji 26
Rvbyqvwi LvRv bvwRgywÏb cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e c~e©evsjv md‡i Av‡mb Ges wZwbI c~‡e©i
b¨vq D`y©‡K GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv †`b| kvmK gn‡ji Giƒc evsjv we‡ivax g‡bvfv‡ei
weiy‡× c~e©evsjv `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o DV‡j miKvi cywjk evwnbx Øviv K‡Vvi n‡¯Í Av‡›`vjb `gb
Kivi Rb¨ Qv·`i Ici wbh©vZb Pvjvq| 1952 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjb
Kivi mgq mvjvg, eiKZ, iwdK, ReŸvimn Av‡iv A‡b‡K knx` nb| miKvi 1956 mv‡ji
msweav‡b evsjv‡K c~e©evsjvq wØZxq fvlv wn‡m‡e †NvlYv w`‡jI evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i weiy‡×
kvmK gn‡ji Ac‡Póv evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqv ch©šÍ Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
2. fvlvMZ ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g wbh©vZb: D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi Ac‡Póv Pvjv‡bvi cvkvcvwk cwðgv
kvmKPµ evsjv eY©gvjv‡K ms¯‹vi Ges we‡`wk fvlvq evsjv fvlvi iƒcvšÍi Kivi e¨_© †Póv Ae¨vnZ
iv‡L| G‡¶‡Î cÖ_g c`‡¶c †bIqv nq 1947 mv‡j| G eQi Aviwe ni‡d evsjv †jLvi c`‡¶c
†bIqv nq Ges eq¯‹ Qv·`i webvg~‡j¨ Aviwe ni‡d †jLv eB cov‡bv ïiy nq| 1949 mv‡ji gvP©
gv‡m evsjv fvlv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ cÖv‡`wkK miKvi GKwU fvlv-KwgwU MVb K‡i| †`o eQi ci fvlv
KwgwU eY©gvjv †_‡K C, E, F, 9, H, O, T, g, l, p, ¶, r, t eY© ev` w`‡q A¨v eY© hy³ Kivi
civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| D‡jøL¨, eY©¸‡jvi weiy‡× Awf‡hvM n‡jv Gme eY© ms¯‹…Z fvlv †_‡K G‡m‡Q|
†h‡nZz ms¯‹…Z wn›`y‡`i fvlv, †m‡nZz Gme eY© Bmjvgx iv‡óª Av‡`Š MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ GKwUgvÎ fvlv D™¢ve‡bi Rb¨ D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i| Zvi
cwiKíbv wQj evsjv I D`y©‡K mgwb¦Z Kiv I ms‡kvwaZ †ivgvb ni‡d †jLv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ 1959 mv‡j
wk¶v Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq| Kwgk‡bi cÖ¯Íve wQj `y'wU : (1) †h mKj e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb bk&K ev
†ivgvb ni‡di D™¢veb I evsjv eY©gvjv ms¯‹v‡ii Rb¨ †Póv Pvjv‡”Q Zv‡`i Avw_©K AvbyK‚j¨ †`qv|
(2) gy`ªY‡hvM¨ Av`k© eY©gvjv wbY©q Kiv, evsjv eY©gvjvi ms¯‹vi Kiv Ges evsjv I D`y©i Dc‡hvMx
†ivgvb ni‡di D™¢veb Kivi Rb¨ fvlvwe`‡`i mgb¦‡q KwgwU MVb Kivq| mgmvgwqKKv‡j KivwP
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K evsjv GKv‡Wgx‡Z m`¨ cwiPvjK c‡` †hvM w`‡q ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb GKwU
†mwgbv‡ii Av‡qvRb K‡ib| D³ †mwgbv‡i D`y© I evsjvi mvaviY k㸇jv Luy‡R RbwcÖq Kivi Rb¨
AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq| GQvov evsjv fvlv D`y©, dviwm I Aviwe Awfavb Ges D`y© fvlvi ms¯‹…Z, cvwj
I evsjv k‡ãi Awfavb ˆZwii civgk© †`Iqv nq| Avjx Avnmv‡bi D‡`¨v‡M I mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKwU
fvlv ms¯‹vi KwgwUI MwVZ nq Ges KwgwU evsjv eY©gvjv †_‡K OÑY, F, 9, r, T, t, l, C, x, E, ~
eR©b Kiv mn A‡bK my`ypcÖmvix cÖ¯Íve †`q|
1968 mv‡j cybivq †ivgvb ni‡d evsjv †jLvi D‡`¨vM M„nxZ nq| AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb I Bqvwnqv
¶gZv MÖn‡Yi ci 1969 mv‡j fvlv cybM©V‡bi j‡¶ ÒRvZxq cybM©Vb ms¯’vÓ‡K cybiy¾xweZ Kiv
nq| G ms¯’v evsjv fvlv I evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i weiy‡× †QvU †QvU cyw¯ÍKv iPbv K‡i nvRvi nvRvi
Aa©wkw¶Z MÖvg¨ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ weZiY K‡i| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ 1947 mvj †_‡K 1969 Z_v 1971 mvj
ch©šÍ kvmK gnj I Zv‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvq M‡o IVv msMVb I ms¯’v KZ…©K evsjv fvlv mvwnZ¨ I
eY©gvjvi weiy‡× M„nxZ c`‡¶c¸‡jv evOvwji ms¯‹…wZi g~‡j †Kej AvNvZ bq, Zv‡`i a„óZvI ejv
hvq|
3. wk¶v ms‡KvPb bxwZ: AvBqye Lvb ¶gZvq G‡m 1958 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi
wk¶v mwPe Gm.Gg. kix‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU wk¶v Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| 1960 mv‡j Kwgkb wi‡cvU©
†ck K‡i Ges wi‡cv‡U© c~e©evsjvi ivRbxwZ‡Z Qv·`i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i| Gi
wfwˇZ AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq wk¶v ms‡KvPb bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| miKvwi †NvlYvq
ejv nq, cÖwZwU ¯‹z‡ji 60 kZvsk A_© msM„nxZ n‡e QvÎ †eZb †_‡K Ges 20 kZvsk A_© e¨e¯’vcbv
KZ…©c¶ wbe©vn Ki‡e| D”Pwk¶vi †¶‡ÎI miKvi GKB bxwZ AbymiY K‡i| ¯œvZK ch©v‡q cvm ‡Kvm©
I Abvm© †Kv‡m©i mgqMZ cv_©K¨ we‡jvc Kiv nq| miKv‡ii Gme wm×v‡šÍi g~j j¶ c~e©evsjvq
wk¶v we¯Ívi‡K ¯’wei K‡i ivLv| wKšÍz c~e©evsjvi QvÎiv Gi weiy‡× cÖwZev` Rvbv‡j miKvi mgMÖ
c~e©evsjvq 74wU K‡jR, 1400wU D”P we`¨vjq eÜ †NvlYv K‡i Ges Qv·`i †MÖdZvi K‡i †R‡j
wb‡¶c K‡i|
4. cÖKvkbvi Ici wb‡lavÁv Rvwi: AvBqye miKv‡ii weiy‡× mwµq f‚wgKv cvj‡bi Aciv‡a miKvi
1966 mv‡j B‡ËdvK mn KwZcq cÖMwZkxj cwÎKvi cÖKvkbv wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| 1969 mv‡ji
†kl w`‡K Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi Pµv‡šÍ evsjv fvlvq wjwLZ KZ¸‡jv cy¯ÍK ev‡Rqvß Kiv nq Ges G¸‡jvi
cÖKvkbv wbwl× †NvwlZ nq| GQvov miKvi wewfbœ mg‡q Pjw”PÎ, bvUK cÖf…wZi Ici wb‡lavÁv
Av‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b bMœ AvNvZ †n‡bwQj|
5. iex›`ª we‡Ølx ZrciZv: evsjv fvlv I evsjv mvwnZ¨-ms¯‹…wZi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î iex›`ª iPbvejx,
Mvb, bvUK cÖf…wZi Ae`vb Ab¯^xKvh©| evsjvq Amv¤úª`vwqK mgvR M‡o †Zvjvi †cQ‡b iex›`ªbv‡_i
Drmvn evOvwj‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q| cvwK¯Ívwb mv¤úª`vwqK miKvi ZvB iex›`ª iPbvejxi cÖwZ iyófve
†cvlY K‡i| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq iex›`ªbv_‡K †eZvi I †Uwjwfk‡b wbwl× †NvlYv
Kiv nq| hy‡×i ci MYgvby‡li Pv‡c mxwgZ AvKv‡i cÖPvi Aby‡gvw`Z nq| 1967 mv‡j iex›`ª m½xZ
wb‡q cybivq weZK© I‡V| G eQi 20 Ryb ivIqvjwcwÛ‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi msm` Awa‡ek‡b miKvwi
`‡ji †bZv Ave`ym meyi Lvb Zuvi e³…Zvq iex›`ª m½xZ‡K c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b Aïf cÖqvm
e‡j AvL¨v †`q| MYcwil‡`i 22 Rb m`m¨ Zv mg_©b K‡ib| Z_¨gš¿x LvRv kvnveywÏb iex›`ª m½xZ
cÖPvi Kwg‡q Avbvi †NvlYv †`b Ges fwel¨‡Z m¤ú~Y© wbwl× Kivi Bw½Z cÖ`k©b †`b| e¯ÍzZc‡¶,
iex›`ª m½xZ I iex›`ª iPbvejxi Ici miKv‡ii Giƒc wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci ga¨w`‡q evOvwj
ms¯‹…wZ‡K AvNvZ K‡iwQj|
6. evsjv Drme wbwl×KiY: 1jv ˆekvL evOvwj ms¯‹…wZi GKwU Ab¨Zg Ask| mgªvU AvKei me©cÖ_g
1 ˆekvL Drme Pvjy K‡ib Ges ZLb †_‡K c~e©evsjvq G Drme cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q| wKšÍz AvBqye Lvb
1967 mv‡j 1 ˆekvL cvjb‡K wn›`y ms¯‹…wZi cÖfve e‡j AvL¨v †`b| g~jZ AvBqye Lv‡bi Giƒc
†NvlYv wQj evOvwj RvwZi kZ eQ‡ii ms¯‹…wZi g~‡j KzVvivNvZ|
1. cvwK¯Ívb ZgÏyb gRwjm: 1947 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi c`v_© weÁvb wefv‡Mi
Aa¨vcK Aveyj Kv‡mg-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi KwZcq QvÎ I Aa¨vc‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M cvwK¯Ívb
ZgÏyb gRwjm MwVZ nq| c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b G msMVbwUi (1954 mvj ch©šÍ) f‚wgKv
wQj cÖksmbxq| 1947 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m KivPx‡Z AbywôZ cvwK¯Ívb wk¶v m‡¤§jb Ges 1948
mv‡ji †deªyqvwi‡Z cvwK¯Ív‡bi MYcwil‡` D`y©‡K ivóªfvlv †NvlYvi weiy‡× c~e©evsjvq †h `ye©vi
Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡VwQj Zvi cÖavb K…wZ‡Z¡i `vwe`vi G msMVbwU| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M ivóªfvlv
evsjvi `vwe‡Z 1947 mv‡j M‡o †Zvjv nq Òivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Ó Ges 1948 mv‡j GwU
Òme©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMÖvg cwil`Ó bvgaviY K‡i| ZgÏyb gRwjm †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔB‡Ënv`' cwÎKvq
ivóªfvlv evsjvi c‡¶ e¨vcK RbgZ I MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjv nq| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M KwZcq
MÖš’ cÖKvwkZ nq| m‡e©vcwi evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡Z 1952 mv‡j c~e©evsjvq †h `ye©vi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb M‡o
D‡VwQj, Zvi †cQ‡b Drmvn RywM‡qwQj G ZgÏyb gRwjm| µ‡g ag©wfwËK i¶Ykxj gZv`‡k©i
Kvi‡Y msMVbwU `ye©j n‡q hvq| 1954 mv‡ji ci ZgÏyb gRwjm Zvi c~‡e©i MwZ nvwi‡q wbQK
e¨w³i msMV‡b cwiYZ nq| ZviciI 1952 mvj ch©šÍ fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U G msMVbwUi
f‚wgKv wQj cÖksmbxq|
2. ms¯‹…wZ msm`: fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †Kw›`ªK Òms¯‹…wZ msm`Ó cÖwZwôZ
nq 1951 mv‡j| GUv wQj Amv¤úª`vwqK I gvbeZvev`x avivi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb| fvlv Av‡›`vj‡bi
cUf‚wg‡Z wewfbœ bvU¨vbyôv‡bi gva¨‡g G msMVb c~e©evsjvi QvÎ-wk¶K-RbZvi gv‡S e¨vcK DÏxcbv
m„wó K‡iwQj|
3. cvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm`: 1952 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K XvKvq cÖwZwôZ nq ÔcvwK¯Ívb mvwnZ¨ msm`'|
gymwjg jx‡Mi mv¤úª`vwqK Kg©KvÛ ag©vÜ I cÖwZwµqvkxj fveavivi weiy‡× GUvB wQj 1947-
DËiKv‡j me‡P‡q kw³kvjx, mymsMwVZ cÖMwZkxj MYZvwš¿K avivi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb| G msMV‡bi
D‡`¨v‡M 1953 mv‡j Kwe nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi m¤úv`bvq GKz‡ki cÖ_g msKjb cÖKvwkZ nq|
G msm‡`i mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Kgx©, msMVK I eyw×Rxexiv evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK Av‡›`vj‡b
D¾¡j f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj| evOvwji gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnv‡mi G c‡e© mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb cÖwZôvi
cvkvcvwk †`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j AbywôZ mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jbmg~n fvlv, ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ Ges Av_©-
mvgvwRK Av‡›`vj‡b, evOvwji RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb I gyw³msMÖv‡g D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡LwQj|
4. ms¯‹…wZ cwil` I cÖvwšÍK: †`k wefv‡Mi ci PÆMÖv‡gi cÖMwZkxj mvwnZ¨Kgx©iv ms¯‹…wZ cwil` I
cÖvwšÍK bv‡g cici `y'wU msMVb cÖwZôv K‡i| G `y'wU wgwjZ n‡q 1951 mv‡ji 16B gvP© PÆMÖv‡gi
nwi‡Lvjvi gv‡V c~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb K‡i| G m‡¤§j‡b c~e©evsjvi I fvi‡Zi
eû Kwe, mvwnwZ¨K AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| evsjv fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i weiy‡× lohš¿ PjvKv‡j msMVb
`y'wU hyMvšÍKvix f‚wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj|
5. Kzwgjøv cÖMwZ gRwjm: cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i weiy‡× Av‡›`vjb M‡o IVvi †cÖ¶vc‡U cÖwZwôZ nq
Kzwgjøv cÖMwZ gRwjm| Gi cÖvY-cyiyl wQ‡jb Ave`yj Kwig mvwnZ¨ wekvi`| G msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M
1952 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡m Kzwgjøvq Òc~e© cvwK¯Ívb mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jbÓ AbywôZ nq| Kzwgjøv m‡¤§jb
G †`‡ki mvs¯‹…wZK AMÖMwZ‡Z GKwU `„p c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡iwQj| Gi g~j Ae`vb wQj Amv¤úª`vwqK
I gvbeZvev`x c~e©evsjvi cÖevngvb HwZ‡n¨ Av¯’v †i‡L, e„nËi RbRxe‡bi m‡½ GKvZ¥ n‡q,
Amv¤úª`vwqK, gvbegyLx I MYgyLx `„wó wb‡q mvwnZ¨ iPbvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM KivÑ m‡¤§jb G g‡bvfve‡K
cyó K‡i‡Q|
6. KvMgvix mvs¯‹…wZK m‡¤§jb: evsjv fvlv I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ‡K mgybœZ ivLvi `vwe wb‡q 1957
mv‡ji †deªyqvwi‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ívb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M G m‡¤§jb Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| cvwK¯Ívb
miKv‡ii AvMÖvmb †_‡K evsjv mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K i¶v Kiv Ges c~e© I cwðg e‡½i mgb¦‡q GKwU
Amv¤úª`vwqK ms¯‹…wZ M‡o †Zvjvi †¶‡Î G m‡¤§j‡bi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg|
7. Qvqvb‡Ui f‚wgKv: cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvgwiK miKv‡ii K‡Vvi wbh©vZb I wbcxo‡bi g‡a¨I 1961 mv‡j
cvwjZ nq iex›`ª Rb¥kZevwl©Kx| G †cÖ¶vc‡U evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb‡K wbw`©ó Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ
Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZwôZ nq QvqvbU| G cÖwZôv‡b evsjv m½xZ PP©v I evsjv Drme¸‡jv cvwjZ n‡Zv|
c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b Qvqvb‡Ui ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| Aa¨vcK iwdKzj Bmjvg h_v_©B
e‡j‡Qb ÔG‡`‡ki evOvjx ms¯‹…wZi cÖmvi, mg„× iƒcwU Qvqvb‡Ui mvabvi ga¨w`‡qB lv‡Ui `kK a‡i
g~Z© I cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|'
8. wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK msMVb I Zv‡`i cÖwZwµqv: cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvmK gnj KZ…©K c~e©evsjvi wk¶v I
mvs¯‹…wZK A½‡b n¯Í‡¶‡ci weiy‡× cÖwZ‡iva Ges evOvwj RvwZi ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi cÖwZôvi j‡¶
cvwK¯Ív‡bi †ZBk eQ‡i c~e©evsjvq A‡bK¸‡jv ivR‰bwZK `j I QvÎ msMVb M‡o I‡V| G‡`i g‡a¨
QvÎjxM, AvIqvgx jxM, QvÎ BDwbq‡bi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| 1950-Gi `k‡K c~e©evsjvi
mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vj‡b G A‡j M‡o IVv mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb¸‡jv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv ivL‡jI 1960-Gi
`k‡K †m ¯’vb `Lj K‡i ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv| 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b hy³d«›U Zvi 21 `dv
Kg©m~wP‡Z evsjvfvlv‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªfvlvi `vwe K‡i| 1962 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi cÖYxZ
wk¶vbxwZi weiy‡× QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv Zxeª Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| 1968 mv‡j QvÎ msMVb¸‡jv
GKwÎZ n‡q MVb K‡i QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`| cwil` Zv‡`i 11 `dv `vwe wb‡q c~e©evsjvq wk¶v‡¶‡Î
ˆelg¨ Ges mvs¯‹…wZK †¶‡Î wbh©vZ‡bi weiy‡× Zxeª Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j Ges G Av‡›`vjb †kl
ch©šÍ e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vj‡b iƒc †bq Ges Zv‡`i Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L ¶gZvmxb AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K
mywbwðZ K‡i|
9. evOvwj eyw×Rxex gn‡j cÖwZwµqv: c~e©evsjv wk¶v I ms¯‹…wZi Ici n¯Í‡¶‡ci weiy‡× G A‡ji
eyw×Rxex gnjI Zxeª cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb| 1948 mv‡j D`y©‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv
†NvlYv, 1967 mv‡j iex›`ª m½xZ evwZj I c‡njv ˆekvL D`hvcb wbwl× †NvwlZ n‡j XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖMwZkxj eyw×Rxex gnj Zxeª cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡ib|
lv‡Ui `k‡K evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K Pv½v K‡i †Zv‡j| G mgq GKw`‡K miKvwi
`gbbxwZ Ab¨w`‡K evOvwji mvs¯‹…wZK PP©vi weKvk N‡U| †jLK-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i †jLbxi Kvi‡Y
Amv¤úª`vwqK †PZbv µ‡g weKwkZ nq| cÖMwZkxj gn‡ji wPšÍv‡K wewfbœ †jLKiv RvwM‡q iv‡Lb|
†`vKvbcvU, wkï‡`i bvgKi‡Y evsjv kã I evK¨vs‡ki e¨envi ïiy nq| wm‡bgv n‡ji bvg evsjvKiY
†hgbÑ ejvKv, gaywgZv, nsm, †RvbvwK, ivLv ïiy nq| †m mg‡q GKwU RbwcÖq †køvMvb n‡q `uvovq
ÔAvevi †Zviv gvbyl n'/ AbyKiY †Lvjm †fw` Kvqg‡b evOvjx n'/ Avevi †Zviv gvbyl n'|' G
RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv evOvwj RvwZ‡K 1962 mv‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b HK¨e× K‡i‡Q Ges
1966 mv‡ji Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡b DØy× K‡i‡Q| GKBfv‡e DØy× n‡q QvÎ mgvR 1969 mv‡j
¶gZvmxb `‡ji weiy‡× GK `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| G Av‡›`vj‡bi ga¨w`‡q evOvwj
RvZxqZvev` Av‡iv cÖMvp nq Ges 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Zvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve cwijw¶Z nq| G
wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jx‡Mi weRq evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv‡K Av‡iv ewjôZv `vb K‡i Ges GKB
RvZxqZvev‡` DØy× n‡q evOvwj RvwZ 1971 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívwb ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi weiy‡× HK¨e× n‡q
¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o| Ae‡k‡l b'gv‡mi mk¯¿ hy‡×i ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvwZ weRq jvf
K‡i| GB mKj Av‡›`vj‡b ivRbxwZwe`‡`i cvkvcvwk †jLK, eyw×Rxex, wkíxiv AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡ib|
mvims‡¶c
cvwK¯—vwb kvmK †kªYx †P‡qwQj evOvwj RvwZi fvlv, mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ‡K aŸsm Kivi gva¨‡g
evOvwj‡`i g~L© †i‡L G A‡j Zv‡`i Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb‡K cvKv‡cv³ Ki‡Z| ZvB m~Pbv
†_‡KB Zviv wewfbœ nxb loh‡š¿ wjß nq| wKšÍz hLbB ¶gZvmxb `j G ai‡bi nxb loh‡š¿ wjß
n‡q‡Q ZLbB evOvwj RvwZ Zv‡`i weiy‡× `ye©vi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj| Avi Gi d‡j
GKw`‡K evsjv fvlv I evOvwj ms¯‹…wZ Zvi ¯^vaxb Aw¯ÍZ¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q, Aciw`‡K
GiB ga¨w`‡q evOvwj RvZxqZvev` GKwU my`„p wfwË jvf K‡i| Ae‡k‡l evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`
DØy× n‡q evOvwj RvwZ 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv Av‡›`vj‡b Suvwc‡q c‡o Ges †klch©šÍ weRq AR©b
Ki‡Z m¶g nq|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| †Mvjvg gyiwk`, iex›`ªwe‡k¦ c~e©e½, c~e©e‡½ iex›`ªPP©v, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1981|
2| bxwjgv Beªvwng I Ab¨vb¨ (m¤úvw`Z), gyw³msMÖvg, 1g ce©, XvKv, evsjv wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq,
1972|
3| mvC`-Di-ingvb, c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb, XvKv, Wvbv cÖKvkbx, 1983|
4| †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx, c~e©evsjvi mvs¯‹…wZK msMVb I mvs¯‹…wZK Av‡›`vjb, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
1996|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| KivwP‡Z AbywôZ cvwK¯Ívb wk¶v m‡¤§j‡b cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv D`y© fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv Kivi mycvwik
Kiv nq 1947 mv‡jiÑ
(K) 14 AvM÷ (L) 23 †deªyqvwi
(M) 27 b‡f¤^i (N) 17 b‡f¤^i|
2| 1 ˆekvL cvjb wbwl× †NvlYv K‡ibÑ
(K) †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn (L) AvBqye Lvb
(M) Bqvwnqv Lvb (N) bvwRgywÏb|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j wKfv‡e fvlvMZ ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©b Kiv nq?
2| AvBqy‡ei Avg‡j iex›`ª we‡Ølx ZrciZv m¤ú‡K© UxKv wjLyb|
3| wbeZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y wKfv‡e lv‡Ui `k‡K RvZxqZvev‡`i weKvk N‡U?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| AvBqye Lv‡bi Avg‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b mvs¯‹…wZK wbeZ©‡bi wewfbœ cÖwµqvi e¨vL¨v w`b| evOvwj
RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi DÌv†b Gi cÖfvemn Gi weiy‡× evOvwj RvwZi cÖwZwµqv g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
cvV-6
AvMiZjv gvgjv
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• AvMiZjv gvgjvi cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvgjvi welqe¯Íz Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvgjvi Avmvgx‡`i cwiPq AeMZ n‡eb;
• gvgjvi †cQ‡b miKv‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvgjvi wePvi cÖwµqv I cwiYwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvgjvi cÖwZwµqv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;
• gvgjvi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b GB gvgjvi cÖfve wePvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv wQj AvBqye Lv‡bi kvmbvg‡ji (1958-69) me©v‡c¶v N„Y¨ I cÖnmbg~jK
NUbv| 1966 mv‡j DÌvwcZ Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b hLb MYAv‡›`vjb
†Rvi`vi n‡Z _v‡K ZLbB †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb Av‡›`vjb‡K w¯ÍwgZ K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe DrLvZ Kivi j‡¶ G cÖnmbg~jK bxwZ MÖn‡Y Zrci nb| c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K
ivR‰bwZKfv‡e †bZ…Z¡k~b¨ K‡i G A‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZv I cÖfve my`„p Kivi my`~icÖmvix
cwiKíbviB dj AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv| hw`I MY`vwei gy‡L †klch©šÍ G gvgjv Zz‡j †bIqv nq
Ges AvBqye Lv‡bi cZ‡bi gva¨‡g gvgjvi AmviZv cÖgvwYZ nq|
_v‡Kb| Gid‡j †kL gywReyi ingvb mvgwiK RvšÍv AvBqy‡ei cÖavb kÎy‡Z cwiYZ nb| 1964 mv‡j
AvBqy‡ei Aax‡b wØZxq wbe©vP‡bI †kL gywR‡ei f‚wgKv wQj j¶Yxq hv AvBqye Lvb‡K DwØMœ K‡i
Zz‡jwQj| B‡Zvg‡a¨ cvwK¯Ív‡bi Dfq A‡ji g‡a¨ me©‡¶‡Î ˆelg¨ cvnvo cwigvY iƒc jvf K‡i|
†kL gywReyi ingvb wewfbœ Rbmfv I wee„wZi gva¨‡g G ˆelg¨ Rbm¤§y‡L Zz‡j a‡i AvBqye we‡ivax
kw³‡K Av‡iv ejxqvb K‡i Zzj‡Z _v‡Kb| 1965 mv‡j cvK-fviZ hy‡×i mgq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖwZ
cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb kvmK‡Mvôxi wbwj©ßZvi welqwU †kL gywRe djvI K‡i cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
hy‡×vËi 1966 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gv‡m jv‡nv‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq Kbdv‡i‡Ý †kL gywRe cvwK¯Ív‡bi
`y'A‡ji ˆelg¨ Zz‡j a‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe m¤^wjZ HwZnvwmK Qq `dv `vwe
DÌvcb K‡ib| G Qq `dv `vwe DÌvwcZ n‡j AvBqye Lvb Av‡iv wePwjZ n‡q I‡Vb| e¯ÍzZc‡¶, 6
`dv `vwe AvBqy‡ei c‡¶ †g‡b †bIqv KL‡bv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvB AvBqye Lvb †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K
wew”QbœZvev`x AvL¨v w`‡q Qq `dv `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Aciw`‡K Qq `dv wfwËK `vwe wb‡q †kL
gywReyi ingvb c~e©evsjvq ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe‡Z GK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡jb|
AvBqye Lvb Qq `dv `vwe bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ †kL gywReyi ingvbmn Av‡›`vj‡bi c‡¶i eû †bZv-
Kgx©‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi cÖwZev‡` c~e©evsjvq Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv MwZkxjZv jvf
K‡i| 1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b me©vZ¥K niZvj cvwjZ nq| Hw`b QvÎ RbZvi wgwQ‡j
¸wj Pvwj‡q cywjk K‡qKRb‡K nZ¨v K‡i Ges eû †jvK AvnZ nq| wKQyw`b c‡iB miKvi c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavb msev`cÎ B‡ËdvK cwÎKvi m¤úv`K‡K †MÖdZvi Ges B‡ËdvKmn wKQy wKQy cwÎKv
wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` †K›`ªxq I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i we‡ivax `jxq m`m¨MY IqvK AvDU
K‡ib Ges c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvsevw`K, msev`cÎKgx© Ges QvÎ-RbZv cÖwZev` Rvbvq I ag©NU cvjb
K‡i|
Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb hLb me©¯Í‡i cÖmviZv jvf K‡iwQj ZLbB miKvi iex›`ª m½xZ I c‡njv
ˆekvL cvjb wbwl× Ges Aviwe ni‡d evsjv Pvjyi wm×všÍ †NvlYv K‡i Av‡›`vj‡b N„ZvûwZ w`j| Gi
d‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Qq `dv Av‡›`vjb GK MYAv‡›`vj‡b cwiYZ nq| miKvi G MYAv‡›`vjb‡K
bm¨vr Kivi j‡¶ wewfbœ nxb loh‡š¿ wjß nq| Avi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv Giƒc nxb Pµv‡šÍiB
ev¯Íe iƒcvqb|
gvgjvi welqe¯Íz
1967 mv‡j Qq `dvwfwËK ¯^vqËkvm‡bi `vwe hLb e¨vcK AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b iƒc jvf K‡i
ZLb †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb Av‡›`vjb‡K w¯ÍwgZ Kivi GK K‚U‡KŠkj Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| 1968 mv‡ji
6 Rvbyqvwi 2 Rb wm.Gm.wc Awdmvimn 28 R‡bi weiy‡× †`k‡`ªvwnZvi Awf‡hvM G‡b wg_¨v gvgjv
`v‡qi Kiv nq| Zuv‡`i weiy‡× Awf‡hvM wQj Zuviv c~‡e©i eQi A_©vr 1967 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m
fvi‡Z AvMiZjvq GK loh‡š¿ wjß nq Ges fviZxq‡`i mn‡hvwMZvq c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K cwðg
cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kivi j‡¶ mvgwiK Afz¨Ìvb NUv‡bvi cwiKíbv K‡ib| Afz¨Ìvb mdj Kivi
Rb¨ Zuviv fviZxq‡`i wbKU †_‡K A_© I A¯¿ msMÖn K‡ib e‡j Awf‡hvM Kiv nq| GB g‡g© A_© I
A‡¯¿i GKwU ZvwjKvI ˆZwi Kiv nq| K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨ GK †cÖm‡bv‡U ejv nq †h, †MÖdZviK…Z
Avmvgxiv wb‡R‡`i Aciv‡ai K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Ges G e¨vcv‡i Av‡iv Z`šÍ Pj‡Q| 6 Rvbyqvwi
Avmvgx‡`i †MÖdZv‡ii weiy‡× c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqv j¶ K‡i 1968 mv‡j 18 Rvbyqvwi
Òlohš¿ cwiKíbv I cwiPvjbviÓ Awf‡hvM G‡b †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K cÖavb Avmvgx K‡i c~‡e©i 28
Rb mn †gvU 35 R‡bi weiy‡× Avi GKwU gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq| GUvB ÒAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÓ
bv‡g L¨vZ|
gvgjvi Avmvgx
1968 mv‡ji 18 Rvbyqvwi gvgjvi Aax‡b P~ovšÍfv‡e cÖYxZ Avmvgx‡`i ZvwjKv wQj wb¤œiƒcÑ
1. †kL gywReyi ingvb (dwi`cyi)
2. †j. KgvÛvi †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb (ewikvj)
3. ÷zqvW© gwRei ingvb (gv`vixcyi)
4. cÖv³b Gj.Gm. myjZvb DwÏb Avng` (†bvqvLvjx)
5. Gj.Gm. b~i †gvnv¤§` (XvKv)
6. Rbve Avng` dRjyi ingvb wm.Gm.wc (XvKv)
7. d¬vBU mv‡R©›U gwRdzjøvn (†bvqvLvjx)
8. cÖv³b K‡c©vivj G.wm. mvgv` (ewikvj)
9. cÖv³b nvwej`vi `wjj DwÏb (ewikvj)
10. Rbve iyûj KzÏym wm.Gm.wc. (Lyjbv)
11. d¬vBU mv‡R©›U dRjyj nK (ewikvj)
12. f‚cwZ f‚lY (gvwbK) †PŠayix (PÆMÖvg)
13. weavbK…ò †mb (PÆMÖvg)
14. my‡e`vi Ave`yi iv¾vK (Kzwgjøv)
15. gywRei ingvb B.wc.Avi.wU.wm.K¬vK© (Kzwgjøv)
16. mv‡eK d¬vBU mv‡R©›U Ave`yi iv¾vK (Kzwgjøv)
17. mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK (†bvqvLvjx)
18. †gvnv¤§` Lyikx` (dwi`cyi)
19. †K.Gg. kvgmyi ingvb wm.Gm.wc. (XvKv)
20. wimvj`vi kvgmyj nK (XvKv)
21. nvwej`vi AvwRRyj nK (ewikvj)
22. Gm.G.wm. gvndzR evwi (†bvqvLvjx)
23. mv‡R©›U kvgmyj nK (†bvqvLvjx)
24. †gRi kvgmyj Avjg (XvKv)
25. K¨v‡Þb gyËvwje (gqgbwmsn)
26. K¨v‡Þb kIKZ Avjx (dwi`cyi)
gvgjvi D‡Ïk¨
AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi cðv‡Z †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lv‡bi †h mKj D‡Ïk¨ wbwnZ wQj e‡j
HwZnvwmKMY aviYv K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv wb¤œiƒcÑ
1. c~e©evsjvi RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K wbg~©j Kiv|
2. cvwK¯Ívwb †mbvevwnbxi g‡a¨ G g‡bvfve RvwM‡q †`Iqv †h evOvwjiv KL‡bvB wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq|
3. c~e© I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ Awek¦vm m„wó K‡i we‡f` I e¨eavb Av‡iv evwo‡q †`Iqv|
4. †kL gywRe‡K ivRbxwZ †_‡K wbg~©j Kiv|
5. Avmvgx‡`i weiy‡× fviZxq Pµv‡šÍ wew”QbœZv Av‡›`vj‡bi loh‡š¿i K_v cÖPvi K‡i ivq cÖ`Ë
n‡j c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bwZK DÌvb cÖ‡Póv eÜ n‡e| Ges MYmg_©b miKv‡ii c‡¶ P‡j Avm‡e|
Gi d‡j cieZx© wbe©vP‡b AvBqye Lvb I Zuvi Kb‡fbkb gymwjg jx‡Mi weRq mywbwðZ n‡e|
†c‡i 1969 mv‡ji 21 †deªyqvwi GK †eZvi fvl‡Y AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I e›`x‡`i wbtk‡Z©
gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e AvMiZjv gvgjv wg_¨v I D‡Ïk¨g~jK gvgjv e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq|
cÖwZwµqv
AvMiZjv gvgjv ïiy nIqvi ci †_‡KB c~e©evsjvi ivR‰bwZK A½b DËß n‡Z _v‡K| 1968 mv‡ji
Ryb gvm †_‡K 1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi ch©šÍ mvZ-AvU gvm a‡i G gvgjvi ïbvwb I †Rivi KvR
PjwQj| G mgq cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÎ-cwÎKvq cÖwZw`‡bi gvgjvi wePv‡ii weeiY cÖPvi Kiv n‡Zv| cÎ-
cwÎKv cv‡V RbMY Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡jv †h, cvwK¯Ívwb †K›`ªxq kvmK‡`i †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× cÖwZev`
Kivi Kvi‡Y †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K AvMiZjv gvgjvq wg_¨vfv‡e RwoZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov wePv‡ii
KvVMovq `uvwo‡q Avmvgx‡`i mvnwmKZv I miKv‡ii `ye©j Awf‡hvM RbMY‡K Av‡iv D‡ËwRZ I
mvnmx K‡i †Zv‡j| G mgq ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ k~b¨Zv †`Lv †`Iqvq Av‡›`vj‡bi g~j †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY
K‡i c~e©evsjvi QvÎmgvR| AvMiZjv gvgjvi weiy‡× cÖwZ‡iva I miKvwi wm×v‡šÍi weiy‡× cÖwZev`
Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi j‡¶ 1968 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎjxM, QvÎ BDwbqb I
WvKmyi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` MwVZ nq| cwil‡`i 11 `dv `vwei g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb `vwe wQj AvMiZjv
gvgjvi cÖZ¨vnvi I Avmvgx‡`i wbtkZ© gyw³`vb|
GKw`‡K QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i GMvi `dvwfwËK QvÎ Av‡›`vjb hLb †Rviv‡jv n‡Z _v‡K wVK †m
gyn‚‡Z© 1969 mv‡ji 8 Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ív‡bi 8wU ivR‰bwZK `j wg‡j ÒMYZvwš¿K msMÖvg cwil`Ó
(WvK) bvgK msMV‡bi D‡`¨v‡M 8 `dvwfwËK `vwe wb‡q AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| G
AvU `dvi Ab¨Zg cÖavb `vwe wQj AvMiZjv gvgjvq ew›` †kL gywReyi ingvbmn Ab¨vb¨ ew›`‡`i
gyw³`vb, wg_¨v gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi|
QvÎ msMÖvg cwil‡`i 11 `dv Ges ÔWvK'-Gi 8 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z 1969 mv‡ji
Rvbyqvwi I †deªyqvwi gv‡m c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax GK MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi m~Pbv nq| WvK Ges QvÎ
msMÖvg cwil` c„_K c„_Kfv‡e 17 Rvbyqvwi cÖwZev` w`em †NvlYv K‡i| Gw`b 144 aviv Agvb¨ K‡i
QvÎiv wgwQj wb‡q †ei n‡j cywj‡ki jvwVPv‡R© eû QvÎ AvnZ nq| Gici cywjwk wbh©vZ‡bi cÖwZev‡`
18 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K cÖvq cÖwZw`b we‡¶vf Pj‡Z _v‡K| 18 Rvbyqvwi Qv·`i Ici nvgjv Ges
cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Qv·`i †MÖdZv‡ii cÖwZev‡` 20 Rvbyqvwi XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq
QvÎiv Rgv‡qZ nq Ges wgwQj wb‡q mgMÖ XvKv cÖ`w¶Y K‡i| Hw`b XvKv †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b
GKwU wgwQ‡j cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z Qv·bZv Avmv`y¾vgvb wbnZ nb| Avmv‡`i g„Zz¨i msev` cÖKvwkZ
n‡j c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b AvBqye we‡ivax QvÎ Av‡›`vjb Pig MwZkxjZv jvf K‡i| 21 Rvbyqvwi XvKvq
gkvj wgwQj †ei Kiv nq Ges 24 Rvbyqvwi †`ke¨vcx niZvj WvKv nq| Hw`b cywj‡ki ¸wj‡Z
wK‡kvi QvÎ gwZDi ingvbmn K‡qKRb wbnZ nq| D‡ËwRZ RbZv cvwK¯Ívb cš’x cwÎKv Ôˆ`wbK
cvwK¯Ívb I gwb©s wbDR'-Gi fe‡b Av¸b jvwM‡q †`q| c~e©evsjvi XvKv kni mvgwqKfv‡e miKv‡ii
wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i P‡j hvq| 24 Rvbyqvwii ci †_‡K Av‡›`vjb 1 w`bI †_‡g _v‡Kwb| cÖwZw`b
GKw`‡K niZvj ag©NU Pj‡Z _v‡K, Aciw`‡K cywjwk wbh©vZb †MÖdZvi I nZ¨v Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Ges Avmv`mn Ab¨vb¨‡`i ¸wj K‡i nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb hLb Pig ch©v‡q ZLb 1 †deªyqvwi AvBqye GK †eZvi fvl‡Y we‡ivax `jxq
†bZ…e„‡›`i mv‡_ †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeV‡Ki AvnŸvb Rvbv‡j QvÎ mgvR Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| 6 †deªyqvwi
AvBqye XvKv md‡i Av‡mb wKšÍz e¨vcK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡L wZwb 12 †deªyqvwi XvKv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvb|
†deªyqvwi gv‡mi GK PvÂj¨Ki NUbv nj 15 †deªyqvwi XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui wfZ‡i AvMiZjv gvgjvi
wePvivaxb Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK‡K cvnviv`vi wmcvnxiv ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i Ges Av‡iKRb
wePvivaxb Avmvgx mv‡R©›U dRjyj nKI ¸wjwe× nb| Rûiyj n‡Ki nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` †`‡k mwnsm
Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| Hw`b RbZvi we‡¶vf `ªyZ e„w× cvq| RbZv GK ch©v‡q GKRb gš¿xi evwo‡Z
Av¸b awi‡q †`q| gyn‚‡Z©i g‡a¨B we‡¶vf mgMÖ XvKvq Qwo‡q c‡o| RbZv AvMiZjv gvgjvi cÖavb
wePvicwZ Rvw÷m Gm.G. ingv‡bi evmfe‡b Av¸b jvwM‡q †`q| miKvi Av‡›`vjb‡K wbqš¿‡Y
Avbvi Rb¨ 16 †deªyqvwi mgMÖ XvKvq †mbvevwnbx †gvZv‡qb K‡i| 17 †deªyqvwi Kvd©y¨ Rvwi Kiv nq
Ges 18 †deªyqvwi †mbvevwnbx ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Ges cÖ±i W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K
KZ©e¨iZ Ae¯’vq webv Kvi‡Y nZ¨v K‡i| GQvov cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨‡`i ¸wj‡Z b~iyj Bmjvg bvgK
GKRb wK‡kvi QvÎ AvnZ nq|
W. †Rvnvi nZ¨vi msev` XvKv †cŠuQy‡j Ae¯’vi `ªyZ AebwZ NU‡Z _v‡K| miKvi Ae¯’v ey‡S 19
†deªyqvwi KviwdD cÖZ¨vnv‡ii wm×všÍ †bq Ges µ‡g miKvwi bxwZ bgbxq n‡q Av‡m| 21 †deªyqvwi
GK †eZvi fvl‡Y AvBqye Lvb Zvi c`Z¨v‡Mi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| 22 †deªyqvwi miKvi †dŠR`vix
AvBb ms‡kvabx evwZj K‡i Ges AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bq| 22 †deªyqvwi mKj
†MÖdZviK…Z †bZv gyw³jvf K‡i| Gfv‡e e¨vcK MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi gy‡L miKvi bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨
nq| 23 †deªyqvwi gyw³cÖvß †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b GK weij MYm¤^a©bv
†`Iqv nq Ges Hw`bB wZwb QvÎ RbZvi HwZnvwmK Rbmfvq Ôe½eÜz' †LZve jvf K‡ib|
PZz_©Z, AvMiZjv gvgjvi weiy‡× M‡o IVv e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb ¶gZv Z¨vM
Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| GUv wQj evOvwj‡`i GKUv weivU weRq|
mvims‡¶c
AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv wQj cvwK¯Ívb miKvi KZ…©K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi †bZ…e„‡›`i weiy‡× M„nxZ
GK D‡Ïk¨cÖ‡Yvw`Z NUbv|miKvi †P‡qwQj G gvgjvi gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ív‡b µgea©gvb
Av‡›`vjb‡K `wg‡q †i‡L ¶gZv Av‡iv `xN©¯’vqx I kw³kvjx Ki‡Z| wKšÍz †klch©šÍ miKvwi
K‚U‡KŠkj wg_¨v e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq Ges miKvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv nvivq| †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lv‡bi
c`Z¨vM I gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ga¨w`‡q HwZnvwmK 6 `dv, 11 `dv Z_v evOvwj‡`i weRq
AwR©Z nq|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| mvwn`v †eMg, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖvmw½K `wjjcÎ, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 2000|
2| Ave`yi iDd, AvMiZjv gvgjv I Avgvi bvweK Rxeb, XvKv, c¨vwcivm, 1992|
3| gI`y` Avng` (Abyev`: RMjyj Avjg), evsjv‡`k t ¯^vqËkvmb †_‡K ¯^vaxbZv, XvKv, BDwcGj,
1992|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| AvMiZjv gvgjvi Avmvgx msL¨v wQjÑ
(K) 28 Rb (L) 30 Rb
(M) 32 Rb (N) 35 Rb|
2| †MÖdZviK…Z‡`i wePvi KvR ïiy nqÑ
(K) nvB‡Kv‡U© (L) Kzwg©‡Uvjv †mbvwbev‡m
(M) RR‡KvU© (N) cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b|
3| GB gvgjvi †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jbÑ
(K) wePvicwZ Avãym mvËvi (L) wePvicwZ Gm.G. ingvb
(M) wePvicwZ gKmygyj nvwKg (N) Gm.Avi. Lvb |
4| Avmvgx‡`i c‡¶ cÖavb AvBbRxex wQ‡jbÑ
(K) AvZvDi ingvb Lvb (L) RyjgZ Avjx Lvb
(M) Ave`ym mvjvg Lvb (N) Ugvm DBwjqvg|
5| gvgjv PjvKv‡j cvwK¯Ívb evwnbxi nv‡Z gvgjvi †h Ab¨Zg Avmvgx knx` nb wZwb n‡jbÑ
(K) W. kvgmy‡¾vnv (L) Rûiyj nK
(M) dRjyj nK (N) †gvqv‡¾g †nv‡mb|
6| RbM‡Yi `vwei gy‡L AvMiZjv gvgjv miKvi cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i 1969 mv‡jiÑ
(K) 19 †deªyqvwi (L) 21 Rvbyqvwi
(M) 22 †deªyqvwi (N) 21 gvP©|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| AvMiZjv gvgjvi welqe¯Íz eY©bv Kiyb|
2| AvMiZjv gvgjvi cwiYwZ wK n‡qwQj weeiY w`b|
3| GB gvgjvi djvdj ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
4| 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡bi †cQ‡b GB gvgjvi †Kvb f‚wgKv wQj e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| AvMiZjv gvgjv m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c eY©bv w`b| GB gvgjvi cÖwZwµqv I ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Kiyb|
cvV-7
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ
• Qv·`i GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• GMvi `dvi iƒc‡iLvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
• GMvi `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi we¯Ívi Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
• GB Av‡›`vj‡bi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
fviZe‡l© weªwUk we‡ivax wewfbœ RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b evsjvi QvÎmgv‡Ri mwµq AskMÖnY
j¶Yxq| cvwK¯Ívb ivóª m„wói ci c~e©v‡ji Ici †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Ah_v n¯Í‡¶c, mvaviY gvby‡li
AwaKvi niY I †kvl‡Yi weiy‡× wewfbœ RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vj‡b evsjvi QvÎ mgvR ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i| 1952 mv‡ji fvlv Av‡›`vjb †_‡K ïiy K‡i ¯^vaxbZv AR©b ch©šÍ wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡b QvÎ
mgv‡Ri f‚wgKv wQj BwZevPK I cÖksmbxq| †Zgwb 1960-Gi `k‡Ki †klw`‡K QvÎ mgv‡Ri 11
`dvwfwËK MYAv‡›`vjb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vwaKvi Z_v ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U GK ¸iyZ¡c~Y©
Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv K‡i|
11 `dvi cUf‚wg
cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii weiy‡× c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgv‡Ri cÖ_g msNe× cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V 1952
mv‡j evsjv fvlvi `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i| miKvi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb‡K K‡Vvi n‡¯Í `gb Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡jI
†klch©šÍ QvÎ mgvRB Rqx nq| A_©vr miKvi evsjv fvlvi `vwe †g‡b †bq| c~e©evsjvq wØZxqevi QvÎ
Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V 1962 mv‡j AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb‡K †K›`ª K‡i| G mgq XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
mn †`‡ki Avcvgi QvÎ mgvR Av‡›`vj‡b mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Ges QvÎ Av‡›`vjb AvBqye
Lv‡bi ˆ¯^ikvm‡bi weiy‡× mKj Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j|
1966 mv‡j 6 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vj‡bi †cÖ¶vc‡U c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i|
we‡kl K‡i miKvi Qq `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb `gb Kivi j‡¶ Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix †kL
gywReyi ingvb mn Av‡iv A‡bK †bZv-Kgx©‡K †MÖdZvi Ki‡j QvÎ mgvR miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b
Suvwc‡q c‡o| 1966 mv‡ji 7 Ryb Zviv c~e©evsjvq e¨vcK MYAv‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j| Hw`b cywj‡ki
¸wj‡Z K‡qKRb QvÎ wbnZ Ges eû QvÎ †MÖdZvi nq| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ 7 Ryb QvÎ mgv‡Ri Ici cywjkx
wbh©vZb c~e©evsjvi QvÎ mgvR‡K miKv‡ii weiy‡× Av‡iv D‡ËwRZ K‡i †Zv‡j| 7 Ry‡bi ci miKvi
iex›`ª m½xZ I ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK mn K‡qKwU cwÎKvi Ici wb‡lavÁv Rvwi K‡i| Gi weiy‡×
ivR‰bwZK †bZ…e„‡›`i mv‡_ mv‡_ QvÎ mgvR GKvZ¥ n‡q we‡¶vf cÖKvk Ges `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o
†Zv‡j|
6 `dv `vwe‡K †K›`ª K‡i c~e©evsjvq hLb QvÎ RbZv `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zv‡j ZLbB miKvi
Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZaviv w¯ÍwgZ Kivi Rb¨ 1968 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m AvBqye we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡bi
Ab¨Zg †bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb mn 35 R‡bi weiy‡× ÒAvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvÓ bvgK GK wg_¨v
gvgjv `v‡qi K‡i Ges †bZ…e„›`‡K Kviviy× Ki‡Z _v‡K| G mgq GKw`‡K AvIqvgx jxM †bZ…e„›`‡K
Kviviy× Aciw`‡K Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji †bZ…e„›`‡K wbw®ŒqZvq c~e©evsjvq miKvi we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb A‡bKUv
w¯ÍwgZ n‡q c‡o| evOvwji Ggwb msKUgq gyû‡Z© Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i G‡`‡ki QvÎ mgvR
we‡klZ QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbq‡bi `y'wU Ask Ges XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †K›`ªxq QvÎ msm` (WvKmy)|
G Ae¯’vq 1969 mv‡ji 5 Rvbyqvwi WvKmy Kvh©vj‡q GK mvsevw`K m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq Ges D³
m‡¤§j‡b QvÎjxM I QvÎ BDwbqb (gwZqv I †gbb) Ges WvKmyi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M Òme©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg
cwil`Ó MwVZ nq| WvKmyi mn-mfvcwZ (QvÎjxM †bZv) †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` Ges mvaviY m¤úv`K
(RvZxq QvÎ †dWv‡ikb) bvwRg Kvgivb †PŠayix Ges Ab¨vb¨ K‡qKRb Qv·bZv D³ †K›`ªxq msMÖvg
cwil‡`i m`m¨ wQ‡jb| G msMÖvg cwil‡`i D‡`¨v‡MB c~e©evsjvi Avcvgi Rbmvavi‡Yi `vwe m¤^wjZ
HwZnvwmK 11`dv `vwe cÖYxZ nq| G 11 `dv Kg©m~wPi g‡a¨ c~e©eZx© 6 `dv‡KI AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq|
11 `dvi iƒc‡iLv
1g `dv: G `dvq Qv·`i wk¶v msµvšÍ I Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi msµvšÍ 17wU `vwe DÌvwcZ nq| h_vÑ
K. ¯^”Qj K‡jRmg~n‡K cÖv‡`wkKxKi‡Yi bxwZ cwiZ¨vM Kiv Ges RMbœv_ K‡jRmn
cÖv‡`wkKxKiYK…Z K‡jRmg~n‡K c~e©ve¯’vq wdwi‡q †`qv|†`qv †`qv †`qv
L. wk¶vi e¨vcK cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡`‡ki me©Î we‡kl K‡i MÖvgv‡j ¯‹zj-K‡jR ¯’vcb Kiv Ges
†emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡M mycÖwZwôZ ¯‹zj-K‡jRmg~n‡K mË¡¡i Aby‡gv`b †`qv| Ges m‡½ KvwiMwi wk¶v
cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ ch©vß msL¨K BwÄwbqvwis K‡jR, cwj‡UKwbK †UKwbK¨vj I Kgvwk©qvj Bbw÷wUDU
¯’vcb Kiv|
M. cÖ‡`‡ki K‡jRmg~‡n wØZxq wkd‡U ˆbk K¬vm Pvjy Kiv|
N. QvÎ †eZb kZKiv 50 fvM n«vm Kiv| ¯‹jvikxc I ÷vB‡c‡Ûi msL¨v e„w× Kiv Ges Av‡›`vj‡b
RwoZ _vKvi Aciv‡a GmKj my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZ bv Kiv|
O. nj, †nv‡÷‡ji WvBwbs nj I K¨vw›Ub LiPvi kZKiv 50 fvM miKvi KZ…©K mvewmwW wn‡m‡e
cÖ`vb Kiv|
P. nj I †nv‡÷‡ji Ab¨vb¨ mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv|
Q. gvZ…fvlvi gva¨‡g me©¯Í‡i wk¶vi e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kiv| Awdm Av`vj‡Z fvlv evsjv Pvjy Kiv| mKj
wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b AwaK msL¨K AwfÁ wk¶K wb‡qvM Ges wk¶K‡`i †eZb e„w×mn evK& ¯^vaxbZv
wbwðZ Kiv|
N. mKj cÖKvi U¨v·, LvRbv, Ki avh© I Av`v‡qi ¶gZv _vK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z| AvÂwjK
miKvi Av`vqK…Z ivR‡¯^i wba©vwiZ Ask m‡½ m‡½ †dWv‡ij Znwe‡j Rgv w`‡e Ges G g‡g©
wiRvf© e¨vsK mg~‡ni Ici eva¨Zvg~jK weavb kvmbZ‡š¿ _vK‡e|
O. †dWv‡ik‡bi cÖwZwU iv‡óª ewne©vwY‡R¨i c„_K wnmve _vK‡e Ges G‡¶‡Î AwR©Z gy`ªv
A½iv󪸇jvi GLwZqv‡i _vK‡e| †dWv‡ij miKv‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq gy`ªv A½iv󪸇jv mgvbfv‡e
A_ev kvmbZ‡š¿i wba©vwiZ aviv Abyhvqx cÖ`vb Ki‡e| †`k-RvZ `ªe¨vw` webv ï‡é A½iv󪸇jvi
g‡a¨ Avg`vwb-ißvwb Pj‡e Ges e¨emv-evwYR¨ m¤ú‡K© ewnwe©‡k¦i mv‡_ Pyw³ m¤úv`b, we‡`‡k
†UªW wgkb ¯’vcb Ges Avg`vwb ißvwb Kivi AwaKvi A½iv󪸇jvi nv‡Z _vK‡e|
P. c~e© cvwK¯Ívb‡K wgwjwkqv ev c¨viv-wgwjUvwi i¶xevwnbx MV‡bi ¶gZv cÖ`vbmn c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
A¯¿ KviLvbv wbg©vY I †bŠ-evwnbxi m`i `dZi ¯’vcb Kiv|
4_© `dv: cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi †ejywP¯Ívb, DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ cÖ‡`k, wmÜzmn mKj cÖ‡`‡ki ¯^vqËkvmb
cÖ`vb c~e©K mve-†dWv‡ikb MVb|
5g `dv: e¨vsK-exgv, cvU e¨emv I e„nr wkí RvZxqKiY Kiv|
6ô `dv: K…l‡Ki Ici n‡Z LvRbv I U¨v‡·i nvi n«vm Kiv Ges e‡Kqv LvRbv I FY gIKzd Kiv|
mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ_v evwZj Kiv Ges Znwkj`v‡ii AZ¨vPvi e‡Üi e¨e¯’v Kivmn cv‡Ui me©wb¤œ g~j¨ gY
cÖwZ 40 UvKv avh© Kiv Ges Av‡Li b¨vh¨ g~j¨ cÖ`vb Kiv|
7g `dv: kªwg‡Ki b¨vh¨ gRywi I †evbvm cÖ`vb Ges wkí, evm¯’vb, wPwKrmv BZ¨vw`i mye¨e¯’v wbwðZ
Kiv| K…l‡Ki ¯^v_©we‡ivax KvjvKvbyb cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv Ges †UªW BDwbqb MV‡bi AwaKvi cÖ`vb Kiv|
8g `dv: c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi eb¨v wbqš¿Y I Rjm¤ú‡`i mvwe©K e¨env‡ii e¨e¯’v Kiv|
9g `dv: Riyix AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi, wbivcËv AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ wbh©vZbg~jK AvBb cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv|
10g `dv: wmqv‡Uv, †m‡›Uv, cvK-gvwK©b mvgwiK Pyw³ evwZj c~e©K †RvU ewnfz©Z ¯^vaxb I wbi‡c¶
ciivóªbxwZ Kv‡qg Kiv|
11Zg `dv: †`‡ki wewfbœ KvivMv‡i AvUK mKj QvÎ, kªwgK, K…lK, ivR‰bwZK Kgx© I †bZ…e„‡›`i
Awej‡¤^ gyw³, †MÖßvwi c‡ivqvbv I ûwjqv cÖZ¨vnvi Ges AvMiZjv gvgjvmn ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y
RvwiK…Z mKj gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kivi `vwe|
Ebmˇii MYAv‡›`vjb ïiy n‡qwQj g~jZ Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi gvSvgvwS †_‡K Ges †deªyqvwii 22 ZvwiL
AvMiZjv gvgjvi cÖZ¨vnvi nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ G Zxeª MYAv‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| QvÎ msMÖvg KwgwU
hLb GMvi `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zz‡jwQj Zvi mv‡_ hy³ nq ÔWvK'-Gi AvU `dvwfwËK
Av‡›`vjb| Dfq `j 17 Rvbyqvwi AvMiZjv gvgjvi weiy‡× cÖwZev` w`em AvnŸvb K‡i| Hw`b
miKvi †`‡k 144 aviv Rvwi K‡i| wKšÍz Zv m‡Ë¡I ÔWvK' wgwQj wb‡q evi jvB‡eªwii w`‡K AMÖmi nq
Ges cywjk Zv‡`i Ici jvwVPvR© K‡i| Aciw`‡K msMÖvg cwil` XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi eUZjvq mfv
AvnŸvb K‡i Ges QvÎiv wgwQj †ei Ki‡j cywjk jvwVPvR©, Kvu`y‡b M¨vm I ivqU Kvi †_‡K jvj i‡Oi
cvwb wb‡¶c K‡i Qv·`i QÎf½ K‡i †`q| Gi cÖwZev‡` 20 Rvbyqvwi XvKv I mviv c~e©evsjvq QvÎ
ag©NU AvnŸvb Kiv nq| Gw`b QvÎiv cywj‡ki evav Agvb¨ K‡i wgwQj †ei Ki‡j XvKv †gwW‡Kj
K‡j‡Ri mvg‡b GKRb cywjk Awdm‡ii ¸wj‡Z Qv·bZv Avmv`y¾vgvb knx` nb|
Avmv`y¾vgv‡bi g„Zz¨‡Z QvÎ I MYAv‡›`vjb Av‡iv Zxeªiƒc jvf K‡i| Gi cÖwZev‡` 21 Rvbyqvwi
†_‡K 31†k Rvbyqvwi ch©šÍ cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨K w`bB niZvj, cÖwZev` wgwQj Pj‡Z _v‡K| miKvi Av‡›`vjb
w¯ÍwgZ Ki‡Z cywjk evwnbx‡K †jwj‡q †`q| cywj‡ki mv‡_ msN‡l© eû QvÎ AvnZ I wbnZ nq|
1969 mv‡ji †deªyqvwi gvmI wQj NUbveûj Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b GK DËßKi Ae¯’v|
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb hLb Pig ch©v‡q ZLb 1 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb we‡ivax `jxq
ivRbxwZK‡`i mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi cÖ¯Íve w`‡j QvÎ mgvR AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnv‡ii `vwe‡Z
Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| 6 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb XvKv md‡i Avm‡j me©ÎB cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤§yLxb nb| 9
†deªyqvwi QvÎ msMÖvg cwil` cë‡bi Rbmfvq AvMiZjv gvgjvmn mg¯Í ivR‰bwZK gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi,
†MÖdZviK…Z‡`i gyw³ Ges mKj Kv‡jv AvBb evwZjmn Av‡›`vj‡b wbnZ‡`i cwiev‡ii Rb¨
¶wZc~iY `vwe K‡i| 12 †deªyqvwi AvBqye Lvb XvKv Z¨vM K‡i P‡j hvb Ges †NvlYv w`‡q hvb †h,
AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv m¤¢e bq| Zvi Giƒc †NvlYvi Kvi‡Y Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ N‡U| Gi
cÖwZev‡` 14 †deªyqvwi WvK-Gi AvnŸv‡b mgMÖ cvwK¯Ív‡b niZvj cvwjZ nq| B‡Zvg‡a¨ 15 †deªyqvwi
XvKv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †fZ‡i AvMiZjv gvgjvi wePvivaxb Avmvgx mv‡R©›U Rûiyj nK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v
Ges 18 †deªyqvwi ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Ges cÖ±i W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K nZ¨vi cÖwZev‡` c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b MYAv‡›`vjb MYAfy¨Ìv‡b iƒc jvf K‡i| †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y 17
†deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L GK †NvlYvq 21 †deªyqvwi‡K miKvwi QywU †NvlYv K‡ib| wKšÍz Zv‡ZI Ae¯’vi DbœwZ
bv nIqvq AMZ¨v 22 †deªyqvwi Ô†dŠR`vix AvBb' cÖZ¨vnvic~e©K AvMiZjv gvgjvmn mKj ivR‰bwZK
gvgjvi Avmvgx‡`i wbtkZ© gyw³ cÖ`vb K‡i| Gi ga¨w`‡q 11 `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi GKUv eo j¶ AwR©Z
nq| Kvivgy³ †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K 23 †deªyqvwi cëb gq`v‡b me©`jxq QvÎ-RbZv GK m¤^a©bvq
Ôe½eÜz' Dcvwa‡Z f‚wlZ K‡i|
22 †deªyqvwii ci †_‡K †cÖwm‡W›U AvBqye Lvb A‡bKUv bgbxq bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| 26
†deªyqvwi †_‡K mg‡SvZvi j‡¶ †Mvj‡Uwej ˆeVK ïiy nq| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi Awemsevw`Z †bZv †kL
gywReyi ingvb me©`v 6 `dv I 11 `dv wfwËK `vwe‡Z Abo _v‡Kb| Ae‡k‡l 10 gvP© AvBqye Lvb
GK †Mvj †Uwej ˆeV‡K msm`xq wbe©vPb msµvšÍ `vwei cÖwZ m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡ib| 15 gvP© †Rbv‡ij
AvBqye Lvb RvwZi D‡Ï‡k GK fvl‡Y c`Z¨v‡Mi K_v †NvlYv K‡i †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lv‡bi nv‡Z
¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib| e¯ÍzZc‡¶ AvBqye Lv‡bi c`Z¨v‡Mi ga¨w`‡qB 11 `dvwfwËK MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi
weRq m~wPZ nq| GiciI 6 `dv I 11 `dvwfwËK Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| Z‡e Av‡›`vj‡bi MwZ
Awnsmiƒ‡c AMÖmi nq Ges †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv KZ…©K mvaviY wbe©vPb †NvlYv ch©šÍ (1969 mv‡ji 28
b‡f¤^i) Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
9. A_©‰bwZK gyw³i `vwe: 6 `dvi gZ GMvi `dvq evsjvi gvby‡li A_©‰bwZK gyw³i `vwe Zy‡j aiv
nq| d‡j evsjvi gvbyl wb‡R‡`i Ici cwðg cvwK¯Ívwb‡`i †kvlY Av‡iv fvj K‡i Dcjwä K‡i|
10. wk¶vi cÖmv‡ii c_ Db¥yL: QvÎ mgvR Zv‡`i GMvi `dvq c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wk¶v cÖwZôvb I QvÎ-
QvÎx‡`i KwZcq `vwe Zz‡j aivi gva¨‡g c~e©evsjvi wk¶vi we¯Ív‡ii c_ Db¥y³ K‡i‡Q|
11. ivRbxwZ‡Z Qv·`i ¸iyZ¡ e„w×: c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi QvÎ mgvR 11 `dvwfwËK `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb M‡o
†Zvjv Ges †`kevmxi cÖv‡Yi `vwe miKv‡ii m¤§y‡L Zz‡j aivi gZ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q G
A‡ji ivR‰bwZK A½‡b QvÎ mgv‡Ri ¸iyZ¡ e„w× K‡iwQj|
12. ¯^vaxbZvi exR wbwnZ: Qv·`i `ye©vi Av‡›`vj‡b AvBqy‡ei cZ‡bi ci mKj Av‡›`vj‡b QvÎ
mgvR Amvgvb¨ K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i iv‡L| 1970 mv‡j wbe©vPb I GKvˇii gyw³hy‡× 6 `dvwfwËK
¯^vqËkvmb AR©‡b QvÎiv AMÖYx f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nq| GKvˇii Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb I
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i eo Ask wQj QvÎ I Ziyb| Zv‡`i Ae`vb I AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi d‡j ¯^í mg‡q evOvwj
¯^vaxbZvi ¯^v` MÖnY K‡i|
mvims‡¶c
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b GK µvwšÍj‡Mœ QvÎ mgvR Zv‡`i 11 `dv wb‡q Dcw¯’Z nq|
GB GMvi `dvq †`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li `vwe ¯’vb cvIqvq QvÎ mgvR e¨vcK Rbmg_©b jv‡f
m¶g nq| Avi GMvi `dvwfwËK MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi Pv‡c mvgwiK RvšÍv AvBqye Lvb AvMiZjv gvgjv
cÖZ¨vnvi, ivRew›`‡`i gyw³ cÖ`vb I me©‡k‡l wb‡R c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Gi ga¨w`‡qB
GMvi `dv Z_v QvÎ mgv‡Ri weRq m~wPZ nq| evsjvi ivR‰bwZK A½‡b QvÎ mgvR Zv‡`i
gh©v`vm¤úbœ ¯’vb K‡i wb‡Z m¶g nq| ZvB 6 `dvi g‡Zv GMvi `dvI mKj Av‡›`vj‡b †cÖiYv
†hvMvq| QvÎ mgvR Av‡›`vj‡bi †h `x¶v I †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i Zv GKvˇi gyw³hy‡× ev¯Íevq‡bi
my‡hvM cvq|
mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ:
1| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy×: `wjjcÎ, wØZxq LÛ, XvKv, Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq,
1984|
2| W. †gvnv¤§` nvbbvb, evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡bi BwZnvm, wØZxq LÛ, XvKv, AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1994|
3| mvjvn&DwÏb Avng` I Ab¨vb¨ m¤úvw`Z, evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm 1947Ñ1971, XvKv,
AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1997|
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-
ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ:
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b|
1| 11 `dv cÖYq‡bi cÖv°v‡j Qv·`i Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb Ki‡Z WvKmy I Ab¨vb¨ QvÎ msMV‡bi
†bZ…‡Z¡ MwVZ msMV‡bi bvg wKÑ
(K) QvÎjxM (L) QvÎ BDwbqb
(M) QvÎ cwil` (N) me©`jxq QvÎ msMÖvg cwil`|
msw¶ß cÖkœ:
1| Qv·`i GMvi `dv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wg ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
2| 11 `dv Av‡›`vjb wKfv‡e AvBqye Lv‡bi cZb‡K Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i ms‡¶‡c wjLyb|
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ:
1| ms‡¶‡c Qv·`i 11 `dvi eY©bv w`b| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m Gi ¸iyZ¡ g~j¨vqb Kiyb|