10

evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ
f‚wgKv
1971 mv‡j GKwU i³¶qx mk¯¿ hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e wek¦ gvbwP‡Î ¯’vb jvf K‡i| bq
gv‡mi gyw³hy‡× wÎk j¶ gvby‡li cÖvY`vb Ges Acwi‡gq m¤ú` nvwbi wewbg‡q AwR©Z nq ¯^vaxbZv| cvwK¯Ívbx
mvgwiK AvgjvZvwš¿K kvmb cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i GKwU MYZvwš¿K I wmwfj mgv‡Ri AvwacZ¨ wfwËK ivóª cÖwZôv KivB
wQ‡jv ¯^vaxbZv msMªv‡gi j¶¨| 1947 mv‡j weªwUk Dcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡q evOvwjiv cvwK¯Ívb ivóª
KvVv‡gvi AšÍf³©y nq| bZzb iv‡óª evOvwj‡`i †Kvb AvKv•¶v c~Y© nq wb eis Af¨šÍixY Dcwb‡ekev‡`i d‡j Av_©-
mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK mvs¯‹…wZK mKj †¶‡Î ˆelg¨ I wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡Z nq| ivóª cÖwZôvi ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨B
cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx kvmKMY KZ…©K †kvl‡Yi wewfbœ wPÎ dz‡U DV‡Z _v‡K| Ges ZLb †_‡KB evOvwjiv mKj
Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× msMÖvg ïiæ K‡i| evqvbœi fvlv Av‡›`vjb, Pzqvbœi wbe©vPb, evlwÆi QvÎ Av‡›`vjb, †QlwÆi Qq
`dv Av‡›`vjb, Dbmˇii MYAfy¨Ìvb, mˇii wbe©vPb G meB AMYZvwš¿K kvm‡bi weiæ‡× evOvwj‡`i msMÖv‡gi
cÖgvY| G me Av‡›`vjb msMÖv‡giB me©‡kl cwiYwZ 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy×| G gyw³hy‡×i j¶¨ wQ‡jv mvgwiK
AvgjvZvwš¿K AMYZvwš¿K ivóª e¨e¯’vi cwie‡Z© MYZvwš¿K ivóªe¨e¯’v cÖwZôv Kiv Ges ivóªxq †kvlY eÂbvi cwie‡Z©
evOvwj‡`i b¨vh¨ AwaKvi cÖwZôv| G me ¯^c-œ mva aviY K‡iB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AwR©Z nq| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨RbK
n‡jI mZ¨ ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv jvf Ki‡jI evOvwj Rb‡Mvôxi me ¯^cœ c~Y© nq wb| ¯^vaxbZvi wZb `k‡KI
RbM‡Yi A_©‰bwZK gyw³ AwR©Z nq wb| MY`vwi`ª fqven AvKvi aviY K‡i‡Q| mvgwiK kvmKMY MYZvwš¿K
e¨e¯’v‡K ¸iæZifv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í K‡i‡Q| G Qvov msweav‡bi AbvKvw•¶Z ms‡kvabx, ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv,
ivwóªK mš¿v‡mi d‡j †h MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva mg~n‡K aviY K‡i gyw³hy× msMwVZ n‡qwQ‡jv, †m¸‡jv Ac~Y© i‡q
†M‡Q|
Ôgyw³hy×-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZÔ kxl©K BDwbU‡K cuvPfv‡M wef³ K‡i Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

 cvV-1: AvIqvgx jxM miKvi (1972-75)
 cvV-2: evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶c
 cvV-3: mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv: wRqv I Gikv` kvmbvgj
 cvV-4: 1990 mv‡j MYAfy¨Ìvb, ZË¡veavqK miKvi I wbe©vPb|
 cvV-5: evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq miKvi I ivRbxwZ (1991-2001)|
GmGmGBPGj

cvV - 1

AvIqvgx jxM miKvi (1972-75)

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 ivóªcwiPvjbvq AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii f‚wgKv I mvdj¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii ¶gZvPz¨wZi KviYmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii f‚wgKv I mvdj¨

1971 mv‡j mdj RvZxq gyw³ msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nq| m`¨ ¯^vaxb iv‡óªi Rb¨ wek¦e¨vcx e¨vcK
mnvbyf‚wZi cvkvcvwk Gi ¯’vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K©I m‡›`n ˆZwi nq| `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx, RbmsL¨vi AvwaK¨, hy× weaŸ¯Í
A_©bxwZ, AmsMwVZ cÖkvmwbK ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gv BZ¨vw` †bwZevPK w`K _vKv m‡Ë¡I ZrKvjxb AvIqvgx jxM
miKvi ivóªcwiPvjbvq wewfbœ †¶‡Î mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i| wb‡¤œ K‡qKwU mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:

msweavb cÖYqb
ivóª cÖwZôvi gvÎ bq gv‡mi g‡a¨ ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi †PZbv aviYKvix GKwU MYZvwš¿K msweavb cÖYqb AvIqvgx
jxM miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg mvdj¨| msweavb cÖYq‡bi j‡¶¨ 1972 mv‡ji 12 Rvbyqvwi ÔA¯’vqx mvsweavwbK Av‡`kÔ
Rvwi nq| 1972 mv‡ji 23 gvP© ÔMYcwil` Av‡`kÕ Rvwi K‡i 1970 mv‡j cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq cwil` I c~e-© cvwK¯Ívb
cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` wbev©wPZ evOvwj RbcÖwZwbwa‡`i mgš^‡q MYcwil` MwVZ nq| GB MYcwil` msweavb cÖYq‡bi
`vwqZ¡ cÖvß nq| AvBbgš¿x W. Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ 34 m`m¨ wewkô Lmov msweavb cÖYqb KwgwU 1972
mv‡ji 12 A‡±vei Lmov msweavbwU wej AvKv‡i MYcwil‡` DÌvcb K‡ib Ges 4 b‡f¤^i Zv MYcwil‡` M„nxZ
nq| RvZxqZvev`, mgvRZš¿, MYZš¿ I ag©wbi‡c¶Zv msweav‡bi g~j ¯Í¤¢iƒ‡c ewY©Z nq| 1972 mv‡ji 16
wW‡m¤^i †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb Kvh©Ki nq|

bZzb ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cÖPjb

16 wW‡m¤^i weRq AR©‡bi K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B cÖevmx miKvi †`‡k wd‡i Av‡m| wKš‘ RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingvb ZLb ch©šÍ cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i e›`x wQ‡jb| 10 Rvbyqvwi wZwb †`‡k wd‡i G‡m miKv‡ii
wbqš¿Yfvi MÖnY K‡ib Ges bZzb ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v ¯’vc‡b g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| cvwK¯Ívbx nvbv`vi evwnbxi mwµq
†`vli, `vjvj Ges hy×vcivax‡`i wePv‡ii wm×všÍ nq| G QvovI ag©wbi‡c¶Zv, MYZš¿ Ges mgvRZvwš¿K
bxwZgvjvi wfwˇZ ivóªcwiPvjbvi †NvlYv †`Iqv nq| wewfbœ wel‡q Z¡wiZ I mwVK wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi d‡j 1972
mv‡jB A_©bxwZ c~e© eQ‡ii ¶q¶wZ KvwU‡q DV‡Z _v‡K| G QvovI `ywf©¶ Gov‡bv m¤¢e nq, i³cv‡Zi AvksKv
Ag~jK cÖgvwYZ nq Ges evsjv‡`k mvZvbeŸBwU iv‡óªi ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡i| AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii cÖ_g eQiwU
wgkª mvd‡j¨i e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Gi Dci wfwË K‡i miKv‡ii KZ…©Z¡ ¯’vwcZ nq Ges ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gv ˆZwii
RwUj cÖwµqv ïiæ nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-110

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A¯¿mgc©Y
¯^vaxbZvi ciI wecyj cwigvY A¯¿ hy‡× Ask MÖnYKvix gyw³‡hv×v‡`i nv‡Z wQj| †`‡ki AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZ
wbqš¿‡Y ivLvi cÖ‡qvR‡b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb 17 Rvbyqvix, 1972 mv‡j gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A¯¿ Rgv `v‡bi
Avnevb Rvbvb| G Rb¨ `kw`b mgqmxgv wba©viY Kiv nq| Zvui Avnev‡b mvov w`‡q gyw³‡hv×viv A¯¿ mgc©Y
K‡ib| 30 Rvbyqvix mviv †`k †_‡K AvMZ cÖvq 50,000 gyw³‡hv×v XvKvq A¯¿ mgc©Y K‡i †kL gywR‡ei †bZ…‡Z¡i
cÖwZ Av¯’v Ávcb K‡ib|

fviZxq ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨veZ©b

weRq jv‡fi ¯^íZg mg‡qi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k †_‡K fviZxq ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨veZ©b AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg mvdj¨
wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ nq| mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq †h, †Kvb †`‡ki gyw³ msMÖv‡g mvnvh¨Kvix we‡`wk ˆmb¨ ¯^vaxbZvi c‡iI
eQ‡ii ci eQi †_‡K hvq| Gi d‡j bvbv mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| AvIqvgx jxM miKvi G wec` m¤ú‡K© AewnZ
wQ‡jb| fviZ miKv‡ii mv‡_ mg‡SvZvi wfwˇZ 12 gvP©, 1972 mKj fviZxq ˆmb¨ evsjv‡`k Z¨vM K‡i|

cyb©evmb I cyb©MVb Kg©m~wP

hy‡×i d‡j †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cÖvq aesm n‡q hvq| hy‡× ¶wZMÖ¯Í RbM‡Yi cybe©vmb Ges RvZxq A_©bxwZi
cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ miKvi A‡bK¸‡jv c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| fviZ †_‡K cÖZ¨vMZ GK †KvwU kiYv_©x cyb©evmb, 4.3
wgwjqb evwo Ni †givgZ I wbgv©Y, hy‡× M„nnxb‡`i Avkªq e¨e¯’v, wbiæcvq Rbmvavi‡Yi Rb¨ Rwg, Lv`¨ I Ab¨vb¨
DcKi‡Yi †hvMvb `vb BZ¨vw` ¸iæZ¡ mgm¨v †gvKv‡ejv Rb¨ miKvi wewfbœ cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡qwQj| G
QvovI bZzb bZzb G‡RÝx ˆZwi Kiv nq| RvwZmsN mn eû AvšÍRv©wZK ms¯’v †_‡K wecyj mvnvh¨ jv‡f miKvi mdj
nq| 1973 mv‡ji gv‡P© RvZxq ev‡RU †NvwlZ nq Ges GKwU cvPukvjv cwiKíbv M„nxZ nq|

RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb

AvIqvgx jxM miKvi wba©vwiZ mg‡qi Av‡M 1973 mv‡ji 7 gvP© RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb Av‡qvRb K‡i| G wbev©P‡bi
d‡j msm`xq e¨e¯’v Abykxj‡bi c_ Db¥y³ nq| wbev©P‡b RvZxq msm‡`i 300 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxM 293
wU Avmb jvf K‡i|

ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ I †RvU wbi‡c¶Zv

AvšÍRvwZK ivRbxwZ‡Z AvIqvgx jxM miKvi †RvU wbi‡c¶Zvi bxwZ Aej¤^b K‡i| †RvUwbi‡c¶ Av‡›`vjb‡K
MwZkxj Kivi Rb¨ †kL gywReyi ingvb AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡q cÖqvm Pvjvb| wek¦ kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq Ae`v‡bi Rb¨ wZwb
ÔRywjI KzwiÕ cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| ˆe‡`wkK mvnvh¨ Ges KzU‰bwZK ¯^xK…wZ jv‡fi †¶‡Î miKvi mvdj¨ AR©b
K‡i| we‡kl K‡i evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨c` jvf K‡i I Bmjvwg HK¨ ms¯’vi (OIC) m`m¨c`I jvf
K‡i| mK‡ji cÖwZ eÜzZ¡ Kv‡iv cÖwZ we‡Øl bq- AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii Abym„Z GB ciivóª bxwZ wek¦e¨vcx cÖksmv
cvq| GLb ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k GB ciivóª bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡Q|

ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv
RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi m‡¤§vnbx e¨w³Z¡ Ges Zvui cÖwZ evOvwj‡`i wbisKzk Av¯’vi Kvi‡Y
AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K †Zgb †Kvb mgm¨v nq wb| eis mgMÖ cwiw¯’wZi Dci miKvi ax‡i ax‡i wbqš¿Y
cÖwZôvq mg_© nq| wKš‘ GB w¯’wZkxj Ae¯’v `xN©w`b wUuK‡Z cv‡i wb| gyw³hy‡× civwRZ c¶ wewfbœ †KŠk‡j
ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ Aw¯’wZkxj K‡i †Zvjvi †Póv K‡i| GQvov I gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶i kw³¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wefvRb
ˆZwi nq| Zvi m‡½ hy³ nq we‡`wk lohš¿|
A_©‰bwZK `~`©kv
ïay ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv bq, †m mv‡_ RvwZi A_©‰bwZK gyw³ AR©bI wQ‡jv gnvb ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i j¶¨| wKš‘
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Zvrch©c~Y© Dbœq‡b bvbiƒc mgm¨v I msK‡Ui g‡LvgywL nq| G †¶‡Î
hy× weea¯Í A_©bxwZ Ges ˆe‡`wkK mvnvh¨ jv‡fi †¶‡Î wewfbœ AvšÍRv©wZK gn‡ji mn‡hvwMZvi Afve cÖavb
cÖwZeÜK wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| d‡j `ªe¨g~j¨ I Rxeb hvÎvi e¨q e„w×cvq| Avg`vwb ißvwbi e¨eavb †e‡o hvq|
wRwWwc K‡g hvq, Drcv`b n«vm cvq| e¨e¯’vcbvi A`¶Zv, mgš^‡qi Afve, gyrmyÏx †kªYxi †`ŠivZ¡¨, Amvay‡`i
BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-111
GmGmGBPGj
`yb©xwZ, BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y AvIqvgx jxM miKvi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ bxwZ MÖnY Ki‡jI †m¸‡jvi h_vh_fv‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Dciš‘ mKj Kj KviLvbv RvZxqKiY Kivq GK ai‡bi msK‡Ui m„wó nq| d‡j Drcv`b
n«vm cvq I RvZxqKiYm¤úbœ wkí-KviLvbv¸‡jv Kvw•¶Z Drcv`‡b m¶g nqwb| †`wk we‡`wk loh‡š¿i Ask
wn‡m‡e 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ e½eÜz‡K GK`j NvZK Lybx ¯^cwiev‡i nZ¨v K‡i|
hy×vcivax‡`i ¶gv
¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb hy×vciv‡ai wePv‡ii †NvlYv †`b, hv wQj evOvwj RvwZi `vwei
mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| cieZx©‡Z wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wePvi msMwVZ nqwb Ges e½eÜz K‡qKwU wbw`©ó Aciva ev‡` Ab¨vb¨
Awfhy³‡`i mvaviY ¶gv cÖ`k©b K‡ib| ¯^vaxbZvi ci 1973 mv‡j e½eÜz miKvi wPwýZ hy×vcivax‡`i wePv‡ii
Rb¨ †h AvBb cvm K‡iwQj, Õ75-i cieZx© Kv‡j †Rbv‡ij wRqvi miKvi H AvBb evwZj K‡i †`q| Gi my‡hv‡M
¯^vaxbZv we‡ivwaiv Aeva Rxeb hvc‡bi my‡hvM cvq Ges wewfbœfv‡e msMwVZ n‡Z _v‡K|
evOvwj RvwZ GLbI hy×vcivax‡`i wePv‡ii `vwe‡Z †mv”Pvi Ges 2009 mv‡j RvZxq msm‡` hy×vcivax‡`i
wePv‡ii `vwe‡Z cÖ¯vÍ e cvm n‡q‡Q| miKvi hy×vcivax‡`i wePv‡ii Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖn‡Y cÖvwZôvwbKfv‡e GwM‡q
hv‡”Q|

mviK_v
¯^vaxbZv cieZx©‡Z RvwZi Avkv-AvKv•¶v c~i‡Yi j¶¨ wb‡q AvIqvgx jxM miKvi cwiPvjbv ïiæ K‡i| 1975
mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ †`wk we‡`wk loh‡š¿i Kvi‡Y e½eÜz nZ¨vi †fZi w`‡q kvm‡bi mvd‡j¨i AMÖMwZ †_‡g hvq|
MYZvwš¿K msweavb cÖYqb, bZzb ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cÖPjb, gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A¯¿ mgc©Y, fviZxq ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨veZ©b,
cybe©vmb I cybM©Vb, RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb Abyôvb -AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii mvd‡j¨ bgybv iƒ‡c †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|
mvgwiK Afy¨Ìv‡bi c~e© ch©šÍ AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii RvwZMVb I ivóªMVb g~jZ Kg©KvÛ mvdj¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ
n‡Z cv‡i|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi wUK () w`b
1| K‡e evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb Kvh©Ki nq ?
K) 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i L) 1972 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i
M) 1973 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i N) 1974 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i
2| 1972 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvwi KZ Rb gyw³‡hv×v A¯¿ Rgv †`b ?
K) 20 nvRvi _) 30 nvRvi
M) 40nvRvi N) 50 nvRvi
3| K‡e fviZxq ˆmb¨ evsjv‡`k Z¨vM K‡i ?
K) 11 gvP©, 1972 L) 12 gvP©,1972
M) 13 gvP©, 1972 N) 14 gvP©, 1972

DËi gvjv :- 1| L, 2| N, 3| L

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| ivóªª cwiPvjbvq AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii (1972-75)mvdj¨mg~n eY©bv Kiæb|
2| (1972-76) AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii e¨_©Zv¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-112

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV - 2

evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶c

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶‡ci KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`k ivóª I miKv‡ii mvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 evsjv‡`k mvgwiK kvm‡bi djvdj Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK n¯Í‡¶‡ci KviY

wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i ci †_‡K Gwkqv, Avwd«Kv, j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi eû †`k G‡K G‡K Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb †_‡K gy³
n‡q ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡i| cieZ©x‡Z G me †`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK evwnbxi n¯Í‡¶c A_ev mvgwiK evwnbx
KZ…©Z¡ ¶gZv `Lj Ab¨Zg ˆewk‡ó¨ cwiYZ nq| 80Õ i `kK ch©šÍ Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z mvgwiK evwnbxi
¶gZv `Lj mvaviY NUbvq cwiYZ nq| evsjv‡`kI Gi e¨wZµg bq| cvwK¯Ívbx †mbv-AvgjvZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’v
†_‡K gy³ n‡q †emvgwiK-wmwfj kvmb cÖwZôvi gvb‡m 1971 mv‡j gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv jvf
K‡i| Z_vwc ¯^vaxbZvi wZb `k‡Ki A‡a©‡Ki †ewk mgq †`kwU `yÕRb mvgwiK kvmK Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q|
mvgwiK kvmK AvµvšÍ Z…Zxq we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK evwnbxi n¯Í‡¶‡ci
K‡qKwU KviY wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv I ivRbxwZwe`‡`i A`~i`kx©Zv: evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci ciB ivóª cwiPvjbvi
†¶‡Î A‡bK¸‡jv mgm¨v ˆZwi nq| bZzb ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cÖYqb, hy× weaŸ¯Í A_©bxwZ cybM©Vb, AvBb-k„•Ljv
cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿Y, cÖkvmb I mvgwiK evwnbxi Af¨šÍixY Ø›Ø, ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax‡`i ZrciZv BZ¨vw` mgm¨v mgMÖ
†`‡ki ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡K Aw¯’wZkxj K‡i ‡Zv‡j| G‡nb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ †`wk-we‡`wk
loh‡š¿i d‡j mvgwiK evwnbxi KwZcq Rywbqi m`‡m¨i †bZ…‡Z¡ mvgwiK Afy¨Lvb msMwVZ nq| Gi d‡j MYZvwš¿K
miKv‡ii cZb nq I mvgwiK evwnbx ivóª¶gZv `Lj K‡i| c~‡e©v³ KviY¸‡jv QvovI cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j
ivóªcwiPvjbvq mvgwiK evwnbxi f~wgKv evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwiK evwnbx‡K ¶gZv `L‡ji †cÖiYv †`q|
mvgwiK evwnbxi Af¨šÍixY Ø›Ø : ¯^vaxbZv cieZx©‡Z gyw³hy‡× Ask MÖnYKvix †mbv m`m¨ Ges cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K
cÖZ¨veZ©bKvix †mbv m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø ˆZwi nq| ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡YB miKvi gyw³‡hv×v †mbv m`m¨‡`i cÖwZ
mnvbyf‚wZkxj wQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i‡K wewfbœ my‡hvM myweavw` †`Iqv nq | djkÖæwZ‡Z Agyw³‡hv×v AskwU miKv‡ii
Dci ¶z× nq| mvgwiK Afy¨Ìv‡bi mv‡_ †mbvevwnbxi G AskwU RwoZ nq|
wek¦cyuwRev‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶Y: wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i ci †_‡K Z…Zxq we‡k¦i iv󪸇jv ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv jvf Ki‡jI
A_©‰bwZK gyw³ AwR©Z nqwb| cÖv³b Dcwb‡ewkK kvmKiv wb‡R‡`i A_©‰bwZK ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ FY, mvnvh¨,
Aby`vb, Dbœq‡bi ZË¡ BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Dcv‡q G †`k¸‡jv‡K wbf©ikxj K‡i †Zv‡j| ¯^vaxbZvi ci Ab¨vb¨ AbybœZ
†`‡ki b¨vq evsjv‡`‡kI Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv m„wó nq| G QvovI miKvi RvZxqKiY bxwZmn
Ggb wKQy cwjwm MÖnY K‡i hv wek¦ cyuwRev‡`i ¯^v_©‡K wewNœZ K‡i| GgZve¯’vq ˆewk¦K cyuwRev‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi
Rb¨ mvgwiK evwnbxi GKwU Ask‡K e¨envi K‡i evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvm‡bi m~Pbv NUv‡bv nq|
wek¦ ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ: ¯œvqyhy× PjvKv‡j mgMÖ wek¦ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi †bZ…Z¡vaxb mgvRZvwš¿K eøK Ges
Av‡gwiKvi †bZ…Z¡vaxb cyuwRev`x eø‡K wef³ n‡q hvq| hw`I evsjv‡`k ïiæ †_‡K †RvU wbi‡c¶Zvi bxwZ MÖnY
K‡i Z_vwc gy³hy× PjvKvwjb mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y †mvwf‡qZ eø‡Ki mv‡_ AwaK Nwbó nq| evsjv‡`‡ki
Dci cyuwRev`x we‡k¦i KZ…©Z¡ ¯’vc‡bi j‡¶¨ mvgwiK evwnbx‡K e¨envi K‡i MYZvwš¿K kvm‡bi Aemvb NUv‡bv nq|

BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-113
GmGmGBPGj
evsjv‡`k ivóª I miKv‡ii mvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv
1975 †_‡K 1990 mvj ch©šÍ †`o `kK Kvj evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvmb P‡jwQj| G mvgwiK kvmb wQj KL‡bv
cÖZ¨¶ KL‡bv c‡iv¶| mvgwiK kvmb Kv‡j msweavb, AvB‡bi kvmb, wePvi wefvM, e¨w³ I MYgva¨‡gi ¯^vaxbZv,
A_©bxwZ mKj †¶‡ÎB mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ nq| G‡K mnvqZv K‡i‡Q †emvgwiK AvgjvZš¿ Ges
`yb©xwZcivqY ivRbxwZK Pµ| mvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqvi d‡j †emvgwiK ivR‰bwZK KZ…©‡Z¡ ivóª cwiPvjbv m¤¢e nq
wb| 1975 mv‡j cÖ_g mvgwiK miKv‡ii ïiæ †_‡KB m‡e©v”P ivóªxq KZ…©Z¡mn miKvi I cÖkvm‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î
mvgwiKvq‡bi mywbw`©ó cÖwµqv ïiæ nq| †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡`i Avg‡j G cÖwµqv cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc jvf K‡i| evsjv‡`k
ivóª I miKv‡ii mvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqvq wKQy D`vniY wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :
 wRqv kvmbvg‡j mvgwiK m`m¨‡`i A‡b‡K Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq mwµq ivRbxwZ K‡i‡Qb| Guiv Rb`j,
RvZxqZvev`x d«›U, evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `‡ji m`m¨ n‡q‡Qb| †Zgwb Gikv` Avg‡jI †mbv m`m¨iv
Rb`j, d«›U I RvZxq cvwU©i m`m¨ n‡q‡Qb|
 evsjv‡`k msweavb Ges †mbv AvB‡bi 292 I 293 wewaØq Agvb¨ K‡i wRqvDi ingvb wb‡Ri B”QvgZ
mvgwiK digvb Rvwi K‡i †mbvevwnbx‡Z PvKwiiZ Ae¯’vq 1978 mv‡j ivóªcwZ wbe©vP‡b cÖv_x© nb| GKB
fv‡e Gikv` I ¶gZv `L‡ji Pvi eQi ci †mbvevwnbx‡Z PvKwiiZ Ae¯’vq ivóªcwZ wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnY
K‡ib|
 wRqvDi ingv‡bi Avg‡j e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb, Zvui cwievieM© Ges RvZxq Pvi †bZv nZ¨vKvix mvgwiK
m`m¨‡`i PvKwi w`‡q we‡`‡k evsjv‡`k `~Zvevm¸‡jv‡Z cvwV‡q Zv‡`i cyi¯‹…Z Kiv nq| cieZ©x‡Z Gikv`
miKviI G‡`i‡K wewfbœ my‡hvM myweav †`b| G ai‡bi Av‡iv AmsL¨ my‡hvM-myweav I wb‡qvM `v‡bi gva¨‡g
mvgwiK kvmb Avg‡j ivóª, miKvi I cÖkvm‡bi mvgwiKxKiY Kiv nq|
 wRqv Ges Gikv` kvmbvg‡j mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨‡`i e¨vcK nv‡i wewfbœ my‡hvM myweav I †emvgwiK c`
†`Iqv nq| Gikv` Avg‡j m‡Z‡iv Rb mvgwiK Awdmvi gš¿x nb| G‡`i g‡a¨ K‡qKRb mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z
Kg©iZ Ae¯’vq gš¿x c‡` wQ‡jb|
 1987 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki 64 †Rjvi cywjk mycv‡ii g‡a¨ 23 Rb mvgwiK evwnbxi Awdmvi wQ‡jb|
 1988 mv‡j Gikv` cy‡iv‡bv gwš¿mfv †f‡½ 7 m`m¨ wewkó gwš¿mfv MVb K‡ib| G gwš¿mfvi mKj m`m¨B
wQ‡jb mvgwiK evwnbxi Awdmvi|
 Gikv` kvmbvg‡j ivóªcwZi mwPevjq, cÖwZi¶v gš¿Yvjq, ¯^ivóªgš¿Yvjq, ciivóª gš¿Yvjq mn Ab¨ me
gš¿Yvjq, cywjk wefvM, wewfbœ K‡c©v‡ikb I ¯^vqËkvwmZ ms¯’vq kxl©c`mg~‡ni AwaKvs‡k mvgwiK evwnbxi
m`m¨‡`i wb‡qvM †`Iqv nq|
 Gikv` Avg‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi cÖKí g~j¨vqb KwgwU Ges we‡kl cÖKí g~j¨vqb
KwgwU‡Z †mbv evwnbxi cÖwZwbwa ivLvi e¨e¯’v Kiv nq|
 ivR‰bwZK ˆeaZv AR©‡bi wbwgË wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK evwnbx mgw_©Z miKvi agx©q cÖZxK e¨envi
K‡i ag©‡K ivR‰bwZK ¶gZvi nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kivi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †`q| G‡Z cweÎ a‡g©i cÖwZ
Kvh©Z AwePvi Kiv nq Ges ivóª‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqK kw³i AÜKvi MneŸ‡ii w`‡K †V‡j †`Iqv nq|
evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvm‡bi djvdj
hw`I we‡k¦i cÖwZwU †`‡ki mvgwiK kvmKiv Zv‡`i kvmbKvj‡K Dbœqb I MYZ‡š¿i Kvj wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡ib,
e¯‘Z mvgwiK kvmbvg‡j Dfq †¶‡ÎB †bwZevPK cwiw¯’wZ msKURbK ch©v‡q DcbxZ nq| 1960 I 70Õ-Gi
`k‡K 77 wU †`‡ki Dc‡i M‡elYv K‡i GwiL bW©wjsMvim (Eric Nordlingers) Ges wewfbœ M‡elK wm×v‡šÍ
DcbxZ nb †h, Z…Zxq we‡k¦i ivRbxwZ‡Z mvgwiK evwnbxi n¯Í‡¶c mgvR cwieZ©b I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq†b †Kvb
f‚wgKv iv‡L bv| evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvm‡bi AwfÁZv hvPvB Ki‡j GKB dj cvIqv hvq| mvgwiK kvm‡bi d‡j
A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, w¯’wZkxjZv †KvbwUB AwR©Z nqwb| iv‡óªi mvaviY gvby‡li Ae¯’v µgkB
Lvivc n‡q‡Q| MYZvwš¿K cÖwZôvbmg~n `ye©j n‡q‡Q| evisevi msweavb jswNZ n‡q‡Q| mvgwiK kvm‡bi K‡qKwU
dj wb‡¤œ Zz‡j aiv n‡jv:

mvgwiK e¨q e„w× (1972-81)

wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi (1979 mv‡ji g~j¨ I wewbgq nv‡i)
evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-114
 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
†`k 1972 1981 cwieZ©‡bi nvi
evsjv‡`k 49 140 186%
fviZ 3455 3991 16%
cvwK¯Ívb 1070 1307 22%

Drm : B. K. Jahangir, 'Problematics of Nationalism in Bangladesh', 1986

QK †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q Dcgnv‡`‡k 1972-81 mgqKv‡j mvgwiK e¨q e„w× nvi evsjv‡`‡k m‡e©v”P|
A_©‰bwZK djvdj (1982-90)
 mvgwiK kvmbvg‡j KL‡bvB A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×i j¶¨gvÎv AwR©Z nqwb|
 83% gvbyl gvb‡eZi Rxeb hvcb K‡i‡Q|
 cÖwZ bq nvRv‡i GKRb Wv³vi|
 RvZxq mÂq nvi kZKiv 2 fv‡M †b‡g‡Q|
 ˆe‡`wkK FY eve` M„nxZ 37 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv †kva Ki‡Z 8kZ eQi jvM‡e|
 Lv`¨ fZz©wKi kZKiv AvwkfvM †mbvevwnbx, we.wW.Avi. I cywjk Lv‡Z e¨q Kiv n‡q‡Q| Mwie I ¯^í Av‡qi
gvby‡li †ikb I Lv‡`¨i `vg µgvMZ †e‡o‡Q|
ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôvb aŸsm : evsjv‡`‡k evisevi mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi, A‰ea cš’vq ivóª ¶gZv `Lj, msweavb
jsNb I ms‡kvab, wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv webó Kivi d‡j MYZvwš¿K cÖwZôvb mg~n `ye©j nq| gvk©vjÕj
†cÖv‡K¬‡gkb Ges msweav‡bi 5g, 7g, 8g, 9g ms‡kvabxi Aax‡b iv‡óªi mvgwiKxKiY N‡U| mvgwiK kvmK
we‡ivax Av‡›`vjbmg~n AMYZvwš¿K cš’vq `g‡bi d‡j ivR‰bwZK `j Ges wmwfj mgvR ¸iæZi fv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í
nq| ¯^PQZv I Revew`wnZv bv _vKvq miKvwi Kvh©µ‡g †¯^”QvPvwiZv cÖvavb¨ cvq| msweav‡bi cÖvavb¨ I AvB‡bi
kvmb bó nq| †emvgwiK cÖkvm‡b mvgwiK evwnbxi GK‡PwUqv Dcw¯’wZ cÖkvmwbK k„•Ljv bó K‡i Ae¨e¯’vcbv I
`ybx©wZi cÖmvi NUvq|

mviK_v
Z…Zxq we‡k¦i A‡bK †`‡ki gZ evsjv‡`k I `xN©Kvj mvgwiK evwnbx Øviv kvwmZ n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxbZv cieZx©Kv‡j
ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZv, ivRbxwZK‡`i A`¶Zv, mvgwiK evwnbxi ¶gZvi †gvn, wek¦ cyuwRev‡`i ¯^v_© msi¶‡Yi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv BZ¨vw` wewfbœ Kvi‡Y mvgwiK evwnbx ¶gZv `Lj K‡i| 1975 †_‡K 1990 mvj ch©šÍ mvgwiK
kvmb Kv‡j ivóª I miKv‡ii mKj ¯Í‡i mvgwiKvqb N‡U| Gi d‡j msweavb jswNZ nq, ivR‰bwZK cÖwZôvbmg~n
`ye©j n‡q c‡o| †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK mKj †¶‡Î `y`©kv ˆZwi nq| AvB‡bi kvmb, myôz wbe©vPb I
wePv‡ii wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv Le© nIqvi d‡j MYZvwš¿K kvmb e¨e¯’v aŸsm nq|

BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-115
GmGmGBPGj
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi wUK () w`b
1| †mbvevwnbx K‡e cÖ_g evsjv‡`‡ki ¶gZv `Lj K‡i ?
K) 1971 mv‡ji 26 gvP© L) 1972 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤^i
M) 1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvix N) 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷
2| 1985 mv‡j †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡`i beMwVZ gwš¿mfvi 7 Rb m`‡m¨i KZRb mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨ wQ‡jb?
K) 5 Rb L) 6 Rb
M) 7 Rb N) 8 Rb
3| †emvgwiK cÖkvm‡b mvgwiK evwnbxi GK‡PwUqv Dcw¯’wZi d‡j wK nq ?
K) cÖkvmwbK k„•Ljv bó nq L) cÖkvmwbK k„•Ljv e„w× cvq
M) Avgjv‡`i `¶Zv ev‡o N) †mbvevwnbxi `¶Zv ev‡o

DËi : 1| N, 2| M, 3| K

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvm‡bi djvdj Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-116

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV - 3

mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv : wRqv I Gikv`

kvmbvgj
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKi‡Yi KviY eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 wRqvDi ingv‡bi mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 Gikv‡`i mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY

1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi KwZcq wec_Mvgx m`‡m¨i †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb
ivóªcÖavb RvwZi RbK e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K mcwiev‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| GB nZ¨vi d‡j wbe©vwPZ AvIqvgx
jxM miKv‡ii kvmbvemvb N‡U| L›`Kvi gykZvK Avng‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU miKvi ¶gZvq AwawôZ nq| †`‡k
mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Kiv nq| hviv mvgwiK Afz¨Ìvb msMwVZ K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv e½fe‡b †_‡K Ô¶gZv cwiPvjbvÕ
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| d‡j †mbvevwnbx‡Z eo ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q Ges 3 b‡f¤^i (1975) †mbvevwnbxi GKwU
Ask we‡`ªvn K‡i| Zviv weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid‡K †mbvevwnbx cÖavb wn‡m‡e wbhy³ K‡i I ZrKvjxb †mbv
cÖavb wRqvDi ingvb‡K AšÍixY K‡i| 5 b‡f¤^i L›`Kvi gykZvK c`Z¨vM Ki‡j cÖavb wePvicwZ G.Gm.Gg
mv‡qg ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib| wKš‘ 7 b‡f¤^i (1975) GK Òwmcvnx Afy¨Ìv‡bÓ we‡MÖwWqvi †gvkviid
wbnZ nb Ges †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb Ab¨Zg kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwef©‚Z nb| Zuv‡K Dc-cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb
cÖkvmK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM Kiv nq| wZwb ax‡i ax‡i Zvi ¶gZv mymsnZ K‡ib| 1977 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj fMœ¯^v‡¯’i
ARynv‡Z wePvicwZ mv‡qg‡K c`Z¨vM Kwi‡q †Rbv‡ij wRqv †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui `vwqZ¡fvi MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi
miKv‡ii ˆeaKiY I †emvgwiKxKi‡Yi j‡¶¨ MY‡fvU, †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb I msm` wbe©vPb Abyôvb Kivi K_v
†NvlYv K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z G me wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| Zuvi †emvgwiKxKi‡Yi Av‡iKwU w`K wQj ivR‰bwZK `j
MVb K‡i ivR‰bwZK mg_©‡bi wfZ kw³kvjx Kiv| †m j‡¶¨B 1978 mv‡ji 1 †m‡Þ¤^i evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x
`‡ji Rb¥ n‡qwQj| Z‡e eû`jxq MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g †Rbv‡ij wRqv wbR ¶gZv cvKv‡cv³ Ki‡Z ag©wfwËK I
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `j‡KI Avkªq cÖkªq †`b|
wRqvDi ingv‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv
†Rbv‡ij wRqv wbR ivR‰bwZK D”Pvwfjvm PvwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ mvgwiK kvmb †_‡K ax‡i ax‡i †emvgwiK kvmb
cÖwZôvi c‡_ GwM‡q †h‡Z _v‡Kb| wb‡Ri †bZ…‡Z¡ ¶gZvi kxl© ch©vq †_‡K `j MVb K‡ib|
wbe©vPb Abyôvb
BDwbqb cwil` I †cŠimfv wbe©vPb, 1977 : 1977 mv‡ji 13 Rvbyqvwi †_‡K mviv‡`‡k BDwbqb cwil‡`i
wbev©Pb ïiæ nq| wRqv miKvi G wbev©Pb‡K MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqv ïiæ Kivi cix¶v wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡ib| AvM÷ -
†m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m †`‡ki †cŠimfv wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| Dfq wbev©P‡b miKvwi AvbyK‚‡j¨ Wvbcš’x‡`i cÖfve e„w×
cvq|
MY‡fvU, 1977 : mvgwiK kvmb‡K ˆea Kivi j‡¶¨ 30 †g, 1977 evsjv‡`‡k MY‡fvU AbywôZ nq| wbev©P‡b
87 kZvsk †fvUvi Ask Ges wRqvDi ingv‡bi c‡¶ 99 kZvsk †fvU c‡i e‡j miKvwifv‡e Rvbv‡bv nq|
ivóªcwZ wbev©Pb, 1978 : MY‡fv‡U Rqjv‡fi GK eQi ciB †`‡k ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| msm` wbev©P‡bi
c~‡e©B ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ n‡q wRqvDi ingvb Zvui ¶gZv kw³kvjx Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| G QvovI fq wQj †h, hw`
msm` wbev©P‡b we‡ivax `j we‡klZ AvIqvgx jxM Rqjvf K‡i Zvn‡j msm`xq e¨e¯’v cybivq Pvjy n‡Z cv‡i|
3 Ryb, 1978 wbev©P‡b cÖavb cÖwZØ›Øx †Rbv‡ij (Aet) Gg G wR Imgvbx‡K civwRZ K‡i wRqvDi ingvb
BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-117
GmGmGBPGj
ivóªcwZ wbev©wPZ nb| wbev©P‡b wRqvDi ingvb 1 †KvwU 57 j¶ 33 nvRvi 6 kZ 7 †fvU Ges Imgvbx 44 j¶
55 nvRvi 2 kZ †fvU cvq| 12 Ryb 1978 wRqvDi ingvb ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e kc_ MÖnY K‡ib|
RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb, 1979 : ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ci wRqvDi ingvb evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j
(weGbwc) MVb K‡ib| h‡_ó mgq bv w`‡q nVvr K‡i msm` wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv cÖ`vb Kivq we‡ivax`j¸‡jv wbe©vPb
eR©‡bi ûgwK †`q| †kl ch©šÍ msm‡`i cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡bi GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii cÖwZkÖæwZ
†`Iqv n‡j 29 wU ivR‰bwZK `j I Dc`j wbev©P‡b Ask MÖnY K‡i| 18 †deªæqvwi, 1979 RvZxq msm` wbev©P‡b
†gvU 300 wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ we Gb wc 207 wU Avmb jvf K‡i| AvIqvgx jxM 39 wU Avm‡b Rqx nq| RvZxq
msm` wbe©vP‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q mvgwiK kvmb ˆeaKi‡Yi wbev©Pbx cÖwµqvi mgvwß N‡U| Z‡e we‡ivax`‡ji c¶ †_‡K
KviPzwci Awf‡hvM I‡V|
`jMVb cÖwµqv : mvgwiK kvmb‡K ˆea Kivi Rb¨ `j MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wRqvDi ingvb Dcjwä Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb| ïiæ †_‡KB wZwb wewfbœ `‡ji ivRbxwZK‡`i mv‡_ e¨w³MZ Ges AvbyôvwbK †hvMv‡hvM
†i‡LwQ‡jb| G mgq †ek wKQy ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡ I ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× we‡ivwaZvKvix Pµ †Rbv‡ij wRqv‡K mvg‡b
†i‡L GKwU ivR‰bwZK `j MV‡b Zrci nb| Gj‡¶ 1978 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m ÔRvZxqZvev`x MYZvwš¿K `jÕ
(RvM`j) MVb Kiv nq| wRqv wb‡R m`m¨c` MÖnY bv Ki‡jI DcivóªcwZ wePvicwZ mvËvi Ges gwš¿mfvi `k
Rb m`m¨ G `‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡ _v‡Kb| RvM`j cieZ©x‡Z GKwU d«›U MVb K‡i| c‡i wRqvDi ingvb QqwU
ivR‰bwZK `‡ji †RvU - ÔRvZxqZvev`x d«›UÕi cÖv_©x wnmv‡e wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØwÜZv K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z 1979Ôi msm`
wbev©Pb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L, 1 †m‡Þ¤^i 1978 mv‡j evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (weGbwc ) MVb Kiv nq| wRqvDi
ingvb G msMV‡bi †bZ…Z¡I MÖnY K‡ib|
Gikv‡`i †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv : 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †Rbv‡ij Gikv` i³cvZnxb Afy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g
¶gZv `Lj K‡i mviv‡`‡k mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi K‡ib| Ab¨vb¨ mvgwiK kvmK‡`i gZB Gikv`I RvwiK…Z
mvgwiK kvmb AšÍe©Zx©Kvjxb e‡j †NvlYv †`b Ges hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e MYZš¿ cÖwZôv K‡i mvgwiK evwnbx e¨viv‡K
wd‡i hv‡e e‡j Avk¦vm †`b| cieZx©Kv‡ji NUbv cÖevn cÖgvY K‡i †h, Gikv‡`i G me A½uxKvi mZ¨ wQj bv|
eis `LjK…Z ¶gZv my`„p Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖ_vMZ c‡_B AMÖmi n‡q wRqvDi ingv‡bi gZB D‡Ïk¨g~jKfv‡e
†emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv ïiæ K‡ib| c~‡e©i mvgwiK kvm‡Ki gZ wZwbI wbe©vPb Abyôvb Ges `jMV‡bi gva¨‡g
mvgwiK kvm‡bi †emvgwiKxKiY K‡ib|
MY‡fvU, gvP© 1985: ¶gZv `L‡ji ci †Rbv‡ij Gikv` msweavb ¯’wMZ K‡i wewfbœ bxwZ I Kg©mw~ P †NvlYv
K‡ib| msweavb ¯’wMZ _vKv mv‡c‡¶ wbev©Pb bv nIqv ch©šÍ Gikv` ¶gZvq _vK‡eb wK bv Ges Zvui M„nxZ bxwZ
I Kg©mw~ Pi cÖwZ Rbmg_©b Av‡Q wK bv- Zv hvPvB‡qi j‡¶¨ 1985 mv‡ji 21 gvP© MY‡fvU AbywôZ nq| G
MY‡fv‡Ui wec‡¶ †h †Kvb cÖPvibv Pvjv‡bv wbwl× †NvwlZ nq| hw`I Gi c‡¶ cÖPviYv‡Z †Kvb evav wQj bv| G
wbev©P‡b 94.14 fvM †fvU`vbKvix Gikv‡`i mg_©‡b ÔnvuÕ †fvU cÖ`vb K‡ib e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq| hw`I KviPzwci
Awf‡hvM D‡VwQj|
Dc‡Rjv wbev©Pb, †g 1985: 1984 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m Gikv` miKvi mviv‡`‡k Dc‡Rjv cwil` †Pqvig¨vb
wbev©P‡bi †NvlYv w`‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j Ges wewfbœ QvÎ msMVb¸‡jvi cÖPÛ
we‡ivaxZvi Kvi‡Y Dc‡Rjv wbev©Pb ZLbKvi gZ ¯’wMZ n‡q hvq| cieZ©x‡Z 1985 mv‡ji †g gv‡m we‡ivax
`j¸‡jvi e¨vcK Am‡šÍv‡li g‡a¨I Dc‡Rjv wbe©vPb m¤úbœ Kiv nq| †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© G wbev©P‡bi cÖv_©xiv mivmwi
`jxq cwiP‡q cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡ib wb| G QvovI †gvU †fvUv‡ii AwZ Aí msL¨KB wbev©P‡b †fvU `vb K‡ib|
RvZxq msm` wbev©Pb, 1986 : D‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv P‚ovšÍ Kivi Rb¨ †Rbv‡ij Gikv`
av‡c av‡c AMÖmi nb| MY‡fvU Ges Dc‡Rjv wbe©vP‡bi ci 1985 mv‡ji 8 wW‡m¤^i, RvZxq msm` wbev©P‡bi
ZvwiL wba©viY Kiv nq| wKš‘ we‡ivax `j¸‡jv wbev©P‡bi †NvlYv cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i Ges mvgwiK kvm‡bi Aemvb mn
wb`©jxq- wbi‡c¶ ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii `vwe‡Z Av‡›`vjb ïiæ K‡i| GgZve¯’vq miKvi
wbev©P‡bi ZvwiL 1986 mv‡ji 26 GwcÖj cybtavh© K‡i| we‡ivax `j¸‡jv ‡NvwlZ bZzb ZvwiLI cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i
G‡K mvgwiK kvmb `xN©vwqZ Kivi lohš¿ wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡i| wKš‘ Gikv` †NvlYv K‡ib †h, wbev©P‡b Ask bv
wb‡j msm` wbev©Pb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ Kiv n‡e Ges Av‡iv KwVbfv‡e mvgwiK AvBb cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡e|
Giƒc ev¯ÍeZvq miKvi we‡ivax 15 `jxq HK¨‡Rv‡Ui cÖavb kwiK `j AvIqvgx jxM wbev©P‡b AskMÖn‡Yi wm×všÍ
†bq| Zv‡`i hyw³ wQj, cÖwZØw›ØZvnxb wbev©P‡b Gikv`‡K Rqx nIqvi my‡hvM †`Iqv ivR‰bwZK `~i`wk©Zvi
cwiPvqK n‡e bv| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvwg, gymwjg jxM, Rvm` mn Av‡iv wKQy `j wbev©P‡b cÖwZØw›ØZvi wm×všÍ †bq|
Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j (weGbwc) Gi †bZ…Z¡vaxb 7- `jxq HK¨‡RvU wbev©Pb eR©b K‡i| 1986

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-118

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
mv‡ji 7 †g wbev©Pb AbywôZ nq| wbe©vP‡b †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡`i `j ¶gZvmxb RvZxq cvwU© msL¨vMwiôZv jvf
K‡i| Z‡e G wbe©vPbI Av‡`Š Aeva I myôz nq wb| †`kx-we‡`kx ch©‡e¶Kiv miKvix mš¿vmhy³ G wbev©Pb wbi‡c¶
nq wb e‡j gZ †`b|
ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb, A‡±vei 1986 : wbev©Pb cÖwµqvq †emvgwiKxKi‡Yi †kl avc m¤úbœ Kivi j‡¶¨ Gikv`
ivóªcwZ wbe©vP‡bi †NvlYv †`b| 15 A‡±vei 1986, ivóªcwZ wbe©vP‡bi w`b w¯’i nq| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb
8 `jxq Ges we.Gb.wcÕi †bZ…Z¡vaxb 7 `jxq †RvU wbe©vPb eR©‡bi †NvlYv †`q| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv wbev©P‡bi
w`b niZv‡ji WvK †`q| wbev©Pb‡K mvg‡b ‡i‡L Gikv` †mbvevwnbx †_‡K Aemi †bb| hw`I wZwb mk¯¿ evwnbxi
me©vwabvqK Ges cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki c` Z¨vM K‡ib wb| we‡ivax `‡ji wbe©vPb eR©b †NvlYv Ges
Av‡›`vjb m‡Ë¡I wba©vwiZ Zvwi‡L wbe©vPb nq| Gikv` RvZxq cvwU©i cÖv_©x iƒ‡c ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| miKvix
djvd‡j Gikv` 84% †fvU jvf K‡i‡Qb e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq|
`jMVb cÖwµqv: mvgwiK kvmb‡K ˆea Kivi Rb¨ wbR¯^ GKwU ivR‰bwZK `jMV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †Rbv‡ij
Gikv` Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| †m Rb¨B 1983 mv‡ji 27 b‡f¤^i ÔRb`jÕ MwVZ nq| wKš‘ wKQyw`b c‡iB
wewfbœ `j †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ Ø›Ø †`Lv †`q| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z 1986 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi Gikv‡`i
mg_©b cyó n‡q ÔRvZxq cvwU©Õ MwVZ nq| cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq †KŠkjMZ Kvi‡Y Gikv` RvZxq cvwU©i mv‡_ wb‡R‡K
hy³ K‡ib wb| cieZ©x‡Z 1986 mv‡ji 15 A‡±ve‡ii ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L 1 †m‡Þ¤^i wZwb RvZxq
cvwU©i m`m¨c` MÖnY K‡ib Ges ciw`b G `‡ji †Pqvig¨vb wbe©vwPZ nb| G fv‡eB Gikv`I mvgwiKkvm‡bi
†emvgwiKxKi‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wbev©Pb Abyôvb I `jMVb Dfq cÖwµqvB AbymiY K‡ib|

mviK_v
1975 mv‡ji AvM÷ gv‡mi mvgwiK Af‚¨Ìv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g wbe©vwPZ MYZvwš¿K miKv‡ii cZb N‡U| Gici
`xN© †`o `kK `yRb mvgwiK e¨w³Z¡ Øviv evsjv‡`k kvwmZ nq| Dfq kvmKB Zv‡`i A‰ea ¶gZv `Lj‡K ˆea
Kiv Ges `xN©vwqZ Kivi j‡¶¨ †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqvi Avkªq †bb| ivR‰bwZK `j MVb K‡i Zviv mvgwiK
miKv‡ii †emvgwiKxKiY Kivi †Póv K‡ib|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi wUK () w`b
1| evsjv‡`‡ki kxl©¯’vbxq †bZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb‡K K‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq?
K) 1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvwi L) 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷
M) 1975 mv‡ji 3 b‡f¤^i N) 1975 mv‡ji 7 b‡f¤^i
2| †Rbv‡ij Gikv` K‡e ¶gZv `Lj K‡ib?
K) 1980 mv‡ji 24 gvP© L) 1981 mv‡ji 24 gvP©
M) 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© N) 1983 mv‡ji 24 gvP©
3| mvgwiK kvmKiv †emvgwiKxKi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb cš’v Aej¤^b K‡ib?
K) MYZš¿ I gvbevwaKvi cÖwZôv L) wbe©vPb Abyôvb I `jMVb|
M) ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ wbwðZ KiY N) ¶zav I `vwi`ª¨we‡gvPb

DËi gvjv: 1| L, 2| M, 3| L

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwiK kvmK‡`i †emvgwiKxKiY cÖwµqv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-119
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cvV - 4

1990 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìvb, ZË¡veavqK miKvi I wbev©Pb

D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb-
 1990 mv‡j MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖwZôvi cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 1991 mv‡ji msm`xq wbe©vP‡bi †cÖ¶vcU I djvdj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

1990 mv‡ji MYAf‚¨Ìvb

wRqvDi ingv‡bi ci 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †Rbv‡ij Gikv` evsjv‡`‡k wØZxq evi mvgwiK kvm‡bi m~Pbv
K‡ib| ZLb †_‡K `xN© bq eQi Gikv‡`i mvgwiK GKbvqK‡Z¡i AvIZvq evsjv‡`k kvwmZ nq| Gikv‡`i
kvmbKv‡j Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‰bwZK mKj †¶‡Î `y‡h©vMc~Y© Ae¯’v ˆZwi nq| Gikv‡`i mvgwiK kvmb Aemv‡bi
Rb¨ G †`‡ki gvbyl‡K µgvMZ Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi msMÖv‡g eû gvbyl cÖvY`vb
K‡i‡Qb| Ae‡k‡l 1990 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m mvaviY gvbyl, ivR‰bwZK `j I mvgvwRK msMVbmg~‡ni mdj
MYAfy¨Ìv‡b mvgwiK kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U Ges MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi c_ Db¥y³ nq| Aek¨ GB MYAfy¨Ìvb nVvr K‡i
msMwVZ nq wb| Gikv` kvm‡bi cÖ_gw`K †_‡KB mvgwiK kvmb we‡ivax Kvh©µg KL‡bv ax‡i KL‡bv cÖejfv‡e
Pj‡Z _v‡K| wb‡P ms‡¶‡c beŸB Gi MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi AZxZ †cÖ¶vcU eY©bv Kiv n‡jv:
1982 mv‡ji †kl w`K †_‡KB QvÎ mgvR mvgwiK kvm‡bi weiæ‡× cÖwZev`x n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Gikv` cÖ¯vÍ weZ
wk¶vbxwZi weiæ‡× QvÎ Av‡›`vjb M‡o I‡V| eyw×Rxexiv G Av‡›`vj‡b BwZevPK f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| D³ Av‡›`vj‡bi
cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z 1983 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ 15 `jxq †RvU Ges †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m we Gb wcÕi
†bZ…‡Z¡ 7 `jxq †RvU MwVZ nq| ZLb †_‡K Gikv‡`i cZb ch©šÍ Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| wewfbœ †ckvRxex I
mvgvwRK-mvs®‹…wZK msMVbI Av‡›`vj‡b f‚wgKv iv‡L| 1987 mv‡j miKv‡ii c`Z¨vM Ges wb`©jxq, wbi‡c¶
ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖwZôvi Av‡›`vjb cÖej nIqv m‡Ë¡I Gikv` ¶gZvq _vK‡Z mg_© nb|
1990 mv‡ji cÖ_g †_‡KB ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv wgwQj- wgwUs- niZvj mn wewfbœ Kg©mw~ P cvjb Ki‡Z _v‡K|
mviv‡`‡ki QvÎ msMVb, eyw×Rxex, †ckvRxex I mvgvwRK msMVb¸‡jvI mvgwiK kvmb Aemv‡bi Av‡›`vj‡b
mwµq nq| evsjv‡`‡ki QvÎ mgvR Gikv` we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| me©`jxq QvÎ
H‡K¨i cÖ‡Póvq wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK †RvU GKvZ¥ n‡q Av‡›`vjb‡K †eMevb K‡i †Zv‡j | 19 b‡f¤^i, 1990
mvgwiK cZ‡bi j‡¶¨ miKvi 8,7 Ges 5 `jxq †RvU Ô†hŠ_ †NvlYvÕ cÖ`vb K‡i|

wZb †Rv‡Ui †hŠ_ †NvlYv wQj wb¤œiƒc

 we‡ivax `j Ges †RvU KZ…©K Gikv‡`i Aax‡b mKj wbe©vPb eqKU I cÖwZ‡iva;
 Gikv‡`i c`Z¨vM I ZËveavqK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi;
 ZË¡veavqK miKvi KZ…©K wbe©vPb e¨e¯’vi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cybiæ×vi I mKj bvMwi‡Ki †fvUvwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv;
 AšÍeZ©xKvjxb ZË¡veavqK miKvi myôz I wbi‡c¶fv‡e wbe©vwPZ mve©‡fŠg msm` Gi Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍi
Ki‡e|
wZb †Rv‡Ui †hŠ_ †NvlYv Gikv` we‡ivax Av‡›`vj‡b bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i| Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwimn wewfbœ `gbg~jK
cš’v Aej¤^b Kiv n‡jI Av‡›`vjb †_‡K RbMY‡K wbe„Ë Kiv hvq wb| wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi ïiæ‡Z wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
wk¶K, AvBbRxwe, mvsevw`K, Wv³vi, cÖ‡KŠkjxmn wewfbœ †ckvRxex MÖæc Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖwZ †mv”Pvi mg_©b
Rvbvq| eo kni¸‡jv‡Z nvRvi nvRvi †jvK KviwdD Agvb¨ K‡i iv¯Ívq †b‡g Av‡m| †iwWI- †Uwjwfk‡bi wkíx,

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-120

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
msev` cvVKiv ivóªwbqwš¿Z MYgva¨g eR©b K‡i| me©‡k‡l Gikv‡`i g~jkw³ mvgwiK evwnbxI mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi
K‡i| GgZve¯’vq 1990 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i Gikv` ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡i eva¨ nb| Gikv‡`i
¶gZv Z¨v‡Mi g‡a¨ w`‡q 1990 mv‡ji MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi mdj cwimgvwß N‡U|
ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖwZôv : cÖavb ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨Kvi m‡›`n, wØav-؇›Øi Aemvb NwU‡q
†hŠ_ †NvlYv cÖ`v‡b mg_© n‡j Gikv` kvmb we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc cvq| Gi d‡j mviv‡`‡k Av‡›`vjb
e¨vcK AvKvi aviY K‡i| miKvi 27 b‡f¤^i, 1990 Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwi K‡i Ges ivR‰bwZK ZrciZv wbwl×
†NvlYv K‡i| GKB mv‡_ cÖavb kni¸‡jv‡Z KviwdD Rvwi Kiv nq| wKš‘ Gme `gbc~e©K e¨e¯’v m‡Ë¡I
miKviwe‡ivax Av‡›`vjb `gb Kiv hvq wb| eis eyw×Rxwe-†ckvRxexmn mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii †jvKRb Av‡›`vj‡bi
cÖwZ Zv‡`i c~Y© mg_©b Ávcb K‡ib| Riæwi Ae¯’v Agvb¨ K‡i RbMY iv¯Ívq †b‡g G‡m Gikv‡`i c`Z¨v‡Mi `vex
Rvbv‡Z _v‡K| me©‡k‡l cÖavb Aej¤^b mvgwiK evwnbxI hLb mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i ZLb wb`©jxq-wbi‡c¶
ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii nv‡Z ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii `vwe †g‡b wb‡q c`Z¨vM Kiv Qvov Gikv‡`i Ab¨ †Kvb weKí _v‡K
wb| ¶gZvq _vKvi †kl †Póv wnmv‡e Gikv` - 3 wW‡m¤^i, 1990 †Kvb wbw`ó ZvwiL D‡jøL QvovB, GKB w`‡b
ivóªcwZ I msm` wbev©Pb AbywôZ n‡e e‡j †NvlYv K‡ib| Ges wbev©P‡bi 15 w`b c~‡e© c`Z¨v‡Mi A½xKvi
K‡ib| Av‡›`vjbiZ ivR‰bwZK `j Ges msMVb¸‡jv Gikv‡`i G †NvlYv‡K ¶gZvq wU‡K _vKvi Ac‡KŠkj
wnmv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i Ges cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i| GgZve¯’vq 4 wW‡m¤^i, 1990, Gikv` Awej‡¤^ c`Z¨v‡Mi wm×všÍ †NvlYv
K‡ib| mvsweavwbK cš’v Aej¤^b K‡i 6 wW‡m¤^i, 1990 Dc-ivóªcwZ gI`y` Avn‡g` c`Z¨vM K‡ib| D³ c‡`
wZb-‡Rv‡Ui g‡bvbxZ cÖv_©x ZrKvjxb cÖavb wePvicwZ kvnveyÏxb Avn‡g`‡K wb‡qvM †`Iqv nq| GKB w`b Gikv`
RvZxq msm` †f‡O †`b Ges wePvicwZ kvnveyÏx‡bi nv‡Z ¶gZv mgc©Y K‡i| Gfv‡eB Gikv‡`i Ackvm‡bi
Aemvb N‡U Ges evsjv‡`‡‡ki BwZnv‡m cÖ_g ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖwZwôZ nq| D‡jøL †h, evsjv‡`‡k AmvgwiK
Dcv‡q ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii GwUB cÖ_g wb`k©b|

1991 mv‡ji msm`xq wbev©Pb I djvdj : fvicÖvß ivóªcwZ wePvicwZ kvnveywÏb Avnvg‡`i ZË¡veavqK miKvi
1990 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m msm` wbev©Pb msµvšÍ †NvlYv †`b| cÂg RvZxq msm` wbev©P‡bi ZvwiL wbav©iY Kiv
nq 27 †deªæqvwi, 1991| wewfbœ Kvi‡Y G wbe©vP‡b RvZxq Rxe‡b AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj| myôy I wbi‡c¶ wbev©Pb
cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ e¨vcK DÏxcbv †`Lv hvq|
424 Rb ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_x© mn †gvU 2787 Rb cÖv_x© wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡i| 75wU ivR‰bwZK `j G wbev©P‡b
AskMÖnY K‡i| cÖv_x© Ges `‡ji G msL¨v evsjv‡`‡ki wbev©Pbx BwZnv‡m m‡e©v”P| †iKW© msL¨K 47 Rb gwnjv
wbev©P‡b cÖv_©x nb| myôz wbev©P‡bi j‡¶¨ ZË¡veavqK miKvi K‡Vvi c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| wZbRb wePvicwZ AšÍfy©³
K‡i wbe©vPb Kwgkb cybM©Vb Kiv nq| Awfhy³ wiUvwb©s Awdmvi I wcÖRvBwWs Awdmvi‡`i eiLv¯Í Kivi ¶gZvI
wbe©vPb Kwgk‡bi nv‡Z mgc©Y Kiv nq| ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi mv‡c‡¶ 16- `dv wbe©vPbx wewa
cÖYxZ nq| wbe©vP‡b D‡ËRbv n«vm, mwnsmZv `gb I Kv‡jv UvKvi e¨envi e‡Üi D‡Ï‡k¨ miKvi wewfbœ AvBb
ms‡kvab K‡i|

djvdj
AZ¨šÍ kvwšÍc~Y© cwi‡e‡k wbev©Pb AbywôZ nq| 75wU `j wbev©P‡b Ask wb‡jI cÖavb 4wU `j 93.66 kZvsk
Avmb jvf K‡i| 84 kZvsk `j †Kvb Avmb jvf K‡i wb Ges †Kvb `j wbisKzk msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i wb|
†fv‡Ui djvdj wb‡P mviwYi mvnv‡h¨ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv :

RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb, 1991

`j / ¯^Zš¿ cÖvß AvMY
weGbwc 140
AvIqvgx jxM 88
RvZxq cvwU© 35
RvgvqvZ- B-Bmjvwg 18

BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-121
GmGmGBPGj
Kgy¨wb÷ cvwU© 5
evKkvj 5
b¨vkbvj AvIqvgx cvwU© (gyRvddi) 1
MYZš¿x `j 1
IqvKvm© cvwU© 1
Rvm` (wmivR ) 1
Bmjvgx HK¨ †RvU 1
b¨vkbvj †W‡gv‡µwUK cvwU© 1
¯^Zš¿ 3
†gvU 300

Drm : wbe©vPb Kwgkb

mviK_v
1975 mv‡ji AvM‡÷i ivR‰bwZK cU cwieZ©‡bi ci †_‡K 1990 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ `yÕRb †mbv e¨w³Z¡
evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª¶gZv cwiPvjbv K‡i †M‡Qb| 1982 mv‡j †Rbv‡ij Gikv` Gi mvgwiK kvm‡bi m~Pbv n‡j
ZLb †_‡KB GB Ackvm‡bi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq| Ae‡k‡l `xN© Av‡›`vjb-msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q 1990
mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m Gikv` kvm‡bi Aemvb N‡U Ges wb`©jxq-wbi‡c¶ ZË¡veavqK miKvi MwVZ nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
eû wbev©Pbx cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇi wUK() w`b
1| †Rbv‡ij Gikv` K‡e ¶gZv †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib?
K) 1989 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i L) 1990 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i
M) 1991 mv‡ji 6 wW†m¤^i N) 1992 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i
2| cÂg RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb K‡e AbywôZ nq?
K) 1990 mv‡ji 6 wW‡m¤^i L) 1991 mv‡ji 27 †deªæqvwi
M) 1991 mv‡ji 5 GwcÖj N) 1991 mv‡ji 2 RyjvB
3| †Rbv‡ij Gikv‡`i kvmbe¨e¯’v wK ai‡bi wQj?
K) MYZvwš¿K L) mgvRZvwš¿K
M) mvg¨ev`x N) ˆ¯^iZš¿x

DËi: 1. L; 2.L 3.N

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| cÖ_g ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖwZôvi cÖwµqv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-122

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV - 5

evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq miKvi I ivRbxwZ, 1991-2001

D‡Ïk¨
G cvV †k‡l Avcwb
 msm`xq ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v cybtcÖeZ©‡bi †cÖ¶vcU we‡køl‡Y m¶g n‡eb;
 1991-1996 mv‡ji weGbwcÕi ¶gZvKvj m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb;
 1996-2000 mv‡ji AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ¶gZvKvj eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

msm`xq e¨e¯’v cybtcÖeZ©b

GKwU MYZvwšÍK kvmbe¨e¯’v jv‡fi AvKv•¶v †_‡KB evOvwj RvwZ cvwK¯Ívwb mvgwiK-AvgjvZvwš¿K †kvl‡Yi
we‡ivwaZv K‡i| Ges GB we‡ivwaZviB avivevwnKZvq 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g GKwU ¯^vaxb ¯^ve©‡fŠg
MYZvwšÍK ivóª wn‡m‡e wek¦gvbwP‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q N‡U| wKš‘ `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ †h, MYZ‡š¿i Awfgy‡L
evOvwj RvwZi AwfhvÎv `xN©¯’vqx nqwb| 1975-1990 mvj †gqv‡`i kvmbvg‡j msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i †Kvb wPý wQj
bv| wKš‘ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ welq n‡jv GB †h, GB A‡ji Rb‡Mvôx MYZš¿nxbZv‡K KL‡bvB Lykx g‡b †g‡b †bqwb|
eis c~e© HwZn¨ eRvq †i‡LB Av‡›`vjb-msMÖvg-cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gva¨‡g AMYZvwš¿K mvgwiK kvmb‡K me©`vB cÖwZnZ
Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| evOvwji GB cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ms¯‹…wZ‡K, 1990 mv‡ji mvgwiK kvm‡bi Aemvb Ges msm`xq
e¨e¯’v cybtcÖeZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg PvwjKvkw³ wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq| G QvovI †m mgqKv‡j AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi
wKQy ¸YMZ cwieZ©b cÖvwšÍK ivóª evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZi Dci Aek¨¤¢vexfv‡e cÖfve †d‡j| mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª
e¨e¯’vi cZb ¯œvqyhy‡×i Aemvb, kw³ai cuywRev`x we‡k¦i Rb¨ Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z mvgwiK kvmK‡`i
Dcw¯’wZ A‡bKUv AcÖ‡qvRbxq n‡q cov BZ¨vw` me KviY wg‡j wek¦e¨vcx cvðvZ¨ auv‡Pi cuywRev`x-D`vi‰bwZK
MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi cÖwZ AvKl©Y †`Lv †`q| evsjv‡`‡kI GB cÖeYZvi e¨wZµg nq wb| BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbvq †`Lv
hv‡q †h, evOvwj Rb‡Mvôxi ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi AbyK~j cwi‡ekB g~jZ 1990 mv‡ji
wW‡m¤^i gv‡m MYAv‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q mvgwiK kvmb Aemvb Ges cieZ©x‡Z msm`xq e¨e¯’vi cybtcÖeZ©b m¤¢e
K‡i †Zv‡j| G‡¶‡Î Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h, Av`k©MZ †¶‡Î e¨vcK gZ‡f` _vKv m‡Ë¡I Wvb-evg-ga¨cš’x GgbwK
ag©wbf©i `j¸‡jv GKwU Bmy¨‡Z A_©vr wb`©jxq wbi‡c¶ ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Kv‡Q mvgwiK miKv‡ii ¶gZv
n¯ÍvšÍi I GKB KZ©„c‡¶i Aax‡b wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi e¨vcv‡i, HKg‡Z¨ †cŠuQ‡Z m¶g nq|
1991-2001 mgqmxgvq wZbwU msm`xq wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| wKš‘ 1996 mv‡j AbywôZ lô msm` wbe©vP‡bi †Kvb
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv wQj bv| wKš‘ GB msm‡` ZË¡veavqK miKvi msµvšÍ msweav‡bi ·qv`k ms‡kvabx M„nxZ nq|
weGbwc Avgj, 1991-1996
1991 mv‡ji 27 †diæqvwi, ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii e¨e¯’vcbvq, cÂg RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g-
evsjv‡`‡k msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i cybthvÎv m~wPZ nq| RvZxq msm‡`i 300wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 140wU Avm‡b Rqjvf K‡i
weGbwc miKvi MV‡bi K…wZZ¡ AR©b K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji g‡a¨ AvIqvgx jxM I †bŠKv gvK©v cÖZxKavixiv 100 wU,
RvZxq cvwU© 35 wU Ges RvgvqvZ-B-Bmjvwg 18 wU Avmb jvf K‡i| IqvK©vm© cvwU©, Rvm` (wmivR), GbwWwc,
Bmjvwg HK¨‡RvU cÖ‡Z¨‡K 1wU K‡i Avmb `Lj Ki‡Z m¶g nq| G wbe©vP‡b †gvU 3 Rb ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©x weRqx nb|
1991 mv‡j weGbwc miKvi MVb Ki‡jI miKvwi `j Ges we‡ivax `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖvq mKj Bmy¨‡Z gZwe‡iva
m„wó nq Ges `xN© msm` eqK‡Ui (we‡ivax`j KZ…©K) gZ cwiw¯’wZi m„wó nq| hw`I msm`xq MYZvwš¿K e¨e¯’vi
mdj cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cwiwgZ gvÎvi gZv‰bK¨ Avek¨K| wKš‘ GKw`‡K Dc-wbe©vP‡b `yb©xwZi Awf‡hvM msm‡`
K_v ej‡Z bv †`Iqvi Awf‡hvM mn wewfbœ Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡i we‡ivax `j¸‡jvi Uvbv msm` Awa‡ekb eR©b,

BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-123
GmGmGBPGj
ivRc‡_ Av‡›`vjb, GK K_vq miKvwi Ges we‡ivax `jmg~‡ni g‡a¨ msm`xq ivRbxwZ jvj‡b e¨_©Zvq mvgwiK
kvmb DËi msm`xq e¨e¯’vq APjve¯’v ˆZwi nq| we‡kl K‡i 1994 mv‡ji 20 gvP©, gv¸iv-2 Avm‡bi Dc-
wbe©vP‡bi djvdj‡K †K›`ª K‡i miKvwi `j Ges we‡ivax `‡ji g‡a¨ `~iZ¡ µgkB evo‡Z _v‡K| D³ Dc-
wbe©vP‡b we.Gb.wc. †fvU KviPycx K‡iwQj e‡j ¸iæZi Awf‡hvM DÌvwcZ nq| we‡ivax `j¸‡jv Avi †Kvb Dc-
wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnY bv Kivi †NvlYv †`q| G QvovI 30 gvP© †_‡K we‡ivax `j¸‡jv msm` eR©b ïiæ K‡i|
cieZ©x‡Z, GKB eQi 28 wW‡m¤^i 147 Rb mvsm` GK‡hv‡M c`Z¨v‡Mi †NvlYvi d‡j cÂg RvZxq msm` ¸iæZ¡
nvwi‡q †d‡j| `xN©w`b we‡ivax `jwenxb msm` Pjvi ci 1996 mv‡ji 15 †deªæqvwi lô RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb
AbywôZ n‡jI we‡ivax `j¸‡jv AskMÖnY bv Kivq Ges wbe©vP‡bi Aí K‡qK w`‡bi g‡a¨, A_©vr 30 gvP©, weGbwc
miKvi c`Z¨vM K‡i ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii nv‡Z ¶gZv Ac©Y Kivq evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i BwZnv‡m GB
wbe©vPb †Kvb ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i bv|
GwU wVK †h, c~‡e© D‡jøwLZ bvbvwea mgm¨v¸‡jv msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i g~jbxwZ‡K c‡` c‡` wewNœZ K‡iwQj| Avevi
GwUI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †h, mvgwiK kvmb cieZ©x cÖ_g †emvgwiK miKvi, A_©vr weGbwc kvmbvg‡j, Ggb K‡qKwU
c`‡¶c M„nxZ I ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡qwQ‡jv †h¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i weKvk I ¯’vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q| wb‡¤œ G‡`i K‡qKwU Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv :
msm`xq e¨e¯’v cybtcÖeZ©b
¶gZv jv‡fi Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨, mgMÖ RvwZi Avkv-AvKv•¶v‡K aviY K‡i `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l HKg‡Z¨i wfwˇZ,
msweav‡bi Øv`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g msm`xq MYZ‡š¿i cybtm~Pbv‡K weGbwc kvmbvg‡ji me©v‡c¶v MyiæZ¡c~Y© AR©b
wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv hvq| wbe©vP‡b Rqjv‡fi ci, 1991 mv‡ji 19 gvP© weGbwc †bÎx Lv‡j`v wRqv cÖavbgš¿x wnmv‡e
wb‡qvMcÖvß nb Ges ciw`b gwš¿mfvi bvg †NvlYv K‡ib| miKvi MV‡bi ci, AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨, RvZxq msm‡`
me©m¤§wZµ‡g msweav‡bi Øv`k ms‡kvabx M„nxZ nq| G ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g, 1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvwi, PZz_©
ms‡kvabxi AvIZvq cÖewZ©Z ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi e¨e¯’vi Aemvb N‡U Ges gyw³hy‡×i Avkv-AvKv•¶vi mv‡_
m½wZc~Y© msm`xq miKvi e¨e¯’vi cybtcÖeZ©b nq| hw`I G `vwe we.Gb.wcÕi wbe©vPbx Bw¯Ínv‡i wQjbv| msweav‡bi
Øv`k ms‡kvabx kyay †h miKvi c×wZiB cwieZ©b NUvq Zv bq, GB ms‡kvabx cÖwZØ›`x ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨
RvZxq Bmy¨‡Z HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQ‡Z m¶g nIqvi Abb¨ bwRiI ¯’vcb K‡i| G cÖm‡½ D‡jøL¨ †h, msm‡` we‡ivax `‡ji
Dc‡bZvi c¶ †_‡K msweav‡bi Øv`k ms‡kvabx msµvšÍ wej DÌvc‡bi †bvwUk †`Iqv n‡qwQj| Ges miKvwi `jmn
Ab¨vb¨ `j¸‡jv RvZxq msm‡` G wel‡q HKg‡Z¨ †cŠuQ‡Z †c‡iwQj|
ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b
weGbwc miKv‡ii kvmbvg‡ji †kl gyn‡~ Z©, A_©vr 1996 mv‡ji 26 gvP©, msweav‡bi ·qv`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g
ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi weavb‡K evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq e¨e¯’vi BwZnv‡m AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv wnmv‡e wPwýZ
Kiv hvq| D‡jøL¨ †h, 1991 mv‡ji ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖwZôv †Kvb ¯’vqx e¨e¯’v wQj bv| eis Zv wQj mvgwiK kvm‡Ki
nvZ †_‡K ¶gZv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ GKwU A¯’vqx dg©yjv| wKš‘ msweav‡bi ·qv`k ms‡kvabxi d‡j ZË¡veavqK miKvi Gi
aviYvwU GKwU ¯’vqx iƒc jvf K‡i| bZzb AvBb Abyhvqx, ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v‡K GKwU ¯’vqx AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb e¨e¯’v
wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| G AvBb Abymv‡i msm` †f‡½ †`Iqv ev †gqv` AwZµ‡gi 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ ivóªcwZ KZ©„K
ZË¡veavqK miKvi (1 Rb cÖavb Dc‡`óv I m‡e©v”P 10 Rb Ab¨vb¨ Dc‡`óv) wbhyw³i weavb Kiv nq| wb‡qvMcÖvß
ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii cÖavb `vwqZ¡ m‡e©v”P 90 w`‡bi g‡a¨ GKwU Aeva I myôz wbe©vPb Abyôvb cwiPvjbv Kiv| weavb
Abymv‡i, bZzb miKvi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY bv Kiv ch©š©Í ZË¡veavqK miKvi envj _vK‡e| hw`I ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v‡K
¯’vqx iƒc cÖ`v‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb Amwnòz g‡bvfv‡ei welqwU cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc
†c‡q‡Q, Z_vwc GUzKz ejv hvq †hÑ AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb GKwU e¨e¯’v wnmv‡e ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii aviYvwU‡K ¯’vqx iƒc †`Iqvi
d‡j, ZvwË¡Kfv‡e Aeva, wbi‡c¶ wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi GK ai‡bi my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|
AvIqvgx jxM Avgj, 1996-2001
1996 mv‡ji 12 Ryb mßg RvZxq msm‡`i wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| GB wbe©vP‡b 300 wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 146 wU
Avm‡b weRqx n‡q evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM GKK msL¨vMwiôZv jvf K‡i| wbe©vP‡b cÖwZØw›ØZvKvix Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji
g‡a¨ weGbwc 116 wU, RvZxq cvwU© 32 wU, RvgvqvZ-B- Bmjvwg 3wU, Rvm` (ie) 1 wU I Bmjvwg HK¨‡RvU 1

evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Dbœqb c„ôv-124

 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
wU Avmb jvf K‡i| GB wbe©vP‡b gvÎ 1 Rb ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©x Rqjv‡f mg_© nb| D³ cÖv_©xi AvIqvgx jx‡M †hvM`vb
Ges RvZxq cvwU© (gÄy) I Rvm` (ie) Gi mg_©b jv‡fi gva¨‡g AvIqvgx jxM HKg‡Z¨i miKvi MVb K‡i|
AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvg‡j M„nxZ I ev¯ÍevwqZ K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c wb¤œiƒc :
 wb`©jxq e¨w³ wnmv‡e 1991 mv‡ji ZË¡veavqK miKvi cÖavb wePvicwZ mvnveyÏxb Avng`‡K ivóªcwZ c‡`
wb‡qvM`vb|
 RvZxq msm` Awa‡ekb PjvKvjxb mßv‡n GKw`b cÖavbgš¿xi Rb¨ cÖkœ-DËi c‡e©i m~Pbv| G QvovI i‡q‡Q,
gš¿x‡`i cwie‡Z© msm` m`m¨‡`i mfvcwZ K‡i wewfbœ msm`xq KwgwU MV‡bi weavb cÖeZ©b|
 fvi‡Zi m‡½ M½vi cvwb-eÈb Pzw³ (1996) Ges cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi msL¨vjNy RvwZ‡Mvôxi mv‡_ kvwšÍPzw³
(1997) ¯^v¶i|
 ¯’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb MV‡bi gva¨‡g Pvi¯Íi wewkó, h_v MÖvg cwil`, BDwbqb cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil` I
†Rjv cwil`, ¯’vbxq miKvi KvVv‡gv MÖnY|
 msm‡` KwgwU cÖ_vi Dci ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc|
 Lv‡`¨ ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv AR©b, eq¯‹fvZv, `y¯’ gwnjv fvZv cÖeZ©b BZ¨vw`|

mviK_v
1991 mv‡j ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii e¨e¯’vq cÂg RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k MYZ‡š¿i
cybthvÎv m~wPZ nq| evsjv‡`k RvZxqZvev`x `j msL¨vMwiô Avm‡b Rqjvf K‡i miKvi MV‡bi K…wZZ¡ AR©b
K‡i| msweav‡bi ·qv`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv| 1996 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b AvIqvgx jxM msL¨vMwiôZv AR©b K‡i Ges RvZxq cvwU© I Rvm` (ie)
Gi mg_©b jv‡fi gva¨‡g miKvi MVb K‡i| miKvwi `j I we‡ivax `‡ji g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i AebwZ evsjv‡`‡ki
ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Aa¨vq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb
eû ˆbe©vPbx DËi-cÖkœ
mwVK Dˇii cv‡k¦© wUK ( ) wPý w`b
1| evsjv‡`‡k msm`xq kvmb e¨e¯’vi cybtcªeZ©b †Kvb mv‡j N‡U?
K. 1990 L. 1991
M. 1992 N. 1993
2| cÂg RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb K‡e AbywôZ nq?
K. 6 wW‡m¤^i 1990 L. 27 †deªæqvwi 1991
M. 15 †deªæqvwi 1996 N. 12 Ryb 1996
3| †Rbv‡ij Gikv` K‡e c`Z¨vM K‡ib?
K. 19 b‡f¤^i 1990 L. 4 wW‡m¤^i 1990
M. 6 wW‡m¤^i 1990 N. 27 †deªæqvwi 1991
DËi : 1| L; 2| L; 3| M|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ
1| evsjv‡`‡k msm`xq kvmb e¨e¯’v cybtcÖeZ©‡bi BwZnvm eY©bv Kiæb|
2| ZË¡veavqK miKvi e¨e¯’vi weavb¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Z_¨ Drm
1| Chowdhury Mahfuzul H. (ed), 2002, Thirty Years of Bangladesh, Dhaka. UPL : Bangladesh|
2| nviæb-Ai-iwk`, 2001, evsjv‡`k: ivRbxwZ miKvi I kvmbZvwš¿K Dbœqb, 1757-2000. wbDGR: evsjv‡`k|
3| Hakim M.A, 1993. Bangldesh Politics : The Shahabuddin Interregnum, Dhaka.UPL: Bangladesh|

BDwbU- 10 c„ôv-125