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¯’vb mg~n wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi cÖv_©bv Kwiqv AÎ ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU `v‡qi
Kiv nBqv‡Q|
GKv‡Wgx nB‡Z mœvZK wWMªx jvf KiZt †m‡KÛ †jd‡Ub¨v›U c‡` Kwgkb jvf
Rq‡`ecyi¯’ 1g †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui †m‡KÛ Bb& KgvÛ c‡` Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| 19†k
gvP© Zvwi‡L Zvnvi evwnbxi `„pZvi Rb¨ weª‡MwWqvi Ave&ivi D³ evwnbx‡K wbi¯¿
Kwi‡Z cv‡i bvB| gyw³hy‡×i cÖ_‡gB wZwb we‡`Övn K†ib Ges †m±i KgvÛvi wnmv‡e
Awabvq‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 1971 m‡bi 16 B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm©
evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbxi †mbv cÖavb c‡` wb‡qvM jvf K‡ib Ges 1975 m‡bi 22†k
AMvó ch©š— D³ c‡` envj _v‡Kb| Zrci Zvnv‡K ‰e‡`wkK gš¿bvj‡q e`wj Kiv
nq Ges wZwb 1991 mb ch©š— c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª`~Z c` gh©v`vq
`vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| AZtci 1996 m‡b wZwb RvZxq cwil‡` mvsm` wbe©vwPZ n‡qb|
Aa¨vcK| wZwb 1974 m‡b BwZnvm wefv‡M GKRb cÖfvlK wnmv‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib|
1983 m‡b wZwb W±‡iU wWwMª jvf K‡ib| wZwb gyw³hy×, e½eÜy Ges evsjv‡`k
wimvP© Bb&wówUDU Gi cÖwZôvZv cwiPvjK| wZwb evsjv GKv‡Wwgi GKRb †d‡jv Ges
`vjvj wbg~©j KwgwUi GKRb cÖwZôvZv m`m¨| wZwb BwZg‡a¨ Zvnvi cvwÛ‡Z¨i
Kwiqv‡Qb| evOvwji m„ó cvwK¯—v‡b evOvwj RvwZ wKfv‡e wbM„nxZ nBZ Ges wKfv‡e
NUbvi evu‡K evu‡K BwZnvm m„wó nBqvwQj Zvnv Zvnviv cÖZ¨¶ KwiqvwQ‡jb GKRb
evRx ivwLqv gyw³hy× Kwiqv BwZnvm m„wó Kwi‡jb| Ab¨Rb gyw³hyׇK Zvnvi †jLbxi
3
weK…wZ cÖZ¨¶ Kwi‡jb Ges HwZnvwmK ¯nvb¸wj wKfv‡e †e`Lj nBqv †Mj ZvnvI
RwoZ HwZnvwmK ¯nvb¸wj i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ GKwU Demand of Justice Notice
AvIZvq 25Ð6Ð2009 Zvwi‡L wbæwjwLZ Rule Nisi cÖwZev`xMY eive‡i Rvix K‡i t
“Let a Rule Nisi be issued calling upon the respondents to show cause as to
why a direction should not be given upon the respondents to form a committee to
identify the historic important places at Shuhrawardi Uddyan (the then rececourse
maidan ) at Dhaka, where the Pakistan Army surrendered before the Joint
Command Force of Mukti Bahini and Indian Army on 16th December, 1971 and
where Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman delivered the historic speech on 7th
March, 1971, after demolishing the structures, if any, around those historical
places and recover to it’s original historic position and/or pass such other or further
order or orders as to this Court may seem fit and proper.
The Rule is made returnable on 5.7.2009.
Since the learned Attorney General appears, let the matter be treated as
ready, still the notices be served upon the respondents.
Let the matter be fixed for hearing on 6.7.2009, at the top of the list.”
Dc¯’vcb K‡ib| Zvnv‡K mg_©b Kwiqv e³e¨ †ck K‡ib Rbve Avãyj ev‡mZ
gvney‡e Avjg, A¨vUwY© †Rbv‡ij Ges Zvnv‡K mnvqZv K‡ib Rbve †gv¯—dv Rvgvb
Zrci msL¨vMwiô evOvwj RvwZi eÂbvi BwZnvm Ges wKfv‡e av‡c av‡c m¦vqË
kvm‡bi `vex m¦vaxbZvi `vex‡Z cwiYZ nBj Zvnvi weeiY Zywjqv a‡ib| G
cÖm‡½ wZwb 6 `dv `vex Dc¯’vcb, AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv, mvaviY wbe©vPb,
1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡mi m¦vaxbZv Av‡›`vjb, e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb Gi 3iv
gvP© I 7B gv‡P©i fvlY, m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv, gyw³hy×, 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i
BZ¨vw` wewfbœ HwZnvwmK NUbv eY©bv Kwiqv wZwb D³ HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n evsjv‡`k
m¦gwngvq i¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ wb‡e`b K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h 1975 m‡bi AMvó
gv‡mi ci nB‡ZB Dc‡iv³ HwZnvwmK m¥„wZ weRwoZ ¯’vb mg~n µgvb¦‡q wejyß
Kwievi GKwU wbwðZ cÖqvm Pwjqv Avwm‡Z‡Q hvnv‡Z eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z cÖRb¥
evOvwj RvwZi Me© I me©‡kÖô AR©b wem¥„Z nq Ges Ae‡k‡l wejyß nq| †mB
wejywßi nvZ nB‡Z Avgv‡`i RvwZi HwZnvwmK m¥„wZ wPý¸wj msi¶Y Kwievi
wbh©vwZZ nBqv cÖvY wemR©b w`qv‡Qb| Zvnv‡`i †mB mK‡ji i‡³i wewbg‡q,
evOvwj nBevi Aciv‡a Rxeb wemR©b w`‡Z eva¨ nBqv‡Qb| wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h
GB RvwZ hw` †mB j¶ j¶ bvix cyi“‡li m¥„wZ i¶v Kwi‡Z Amg_© nq Zvnv nB‡j
Avgv‡`i gyw³hy×B e¨_© nB‡e, Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv A_©nxb nBqv cwo‡e, Avgiv
5
GKwU K…ZNœ RvwZ‡Z cwiYZ nBe| msweav‡bi 24 Aby‡”Q` wbi_©K evMov¤¦‡i cwiYZ
nB‡e|
G¨vUwY©Ð‡Rbv‡i‡j Gi e³e¨ t
evsjv‡`k miKvi c‡¶ weÁ A¨vUwY© ЇRbv‡ij g‡nv`q GKwU wjwLZ e³e¨
`vwLj KiZt `iLv¯—Kvixc‡¶ DÌvwcZ e³e¨ mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb Zvnvi wjwLZ
Gqvi‡cvU© †_‡K Zuvi evm¯’vb wKsev cwiev‡ii mv‡_ †`Lv bv K‡iB P‡j
G‡mwQ‡jb GB †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b Z_v ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b,
Zuvi cÖvYwcÖq evOvwj RbM‡Yi gv‡S| Akª“wm³ bq‡b Dwb †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b
†h fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv wd‡j¥ aviY Kiv Av‡Q| e½eÜyi GB cÖZ¨veZ©bwU
wQj Avcvgi evOvwj‡`i Rb¨ GKwU HwZnvwmK NUbv Ges hvi wbie mv¶x
ZrKvjxb †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eZ©gv‡b †mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb, myZivs HwZnvwmK
NUbvi mv¶x D³ mfv¯’jwU wPwýZ Kiv Ges Zvi msi¶Y Kiv BwZnvm
i¶vi LvwZ‡i GÖKvš— cÖ‡qvRb|
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GKwU gq`vb hv m¦vaxbZvi c~‡e© †im‡Kvm© Ges m¦vaxbZvi c‡i
†mvnivIqv`x© D`¨vb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ Ges †hLv‡b cvuPÐcuvPwU HwZnvwmK
NUbv msNwUZ n‡q‡Q Ges mgMª evOvwj RvwZ Zv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Q hv Avgv‡`i
RbRxe‡bi mv‡_ Z_v gyw³hy‡×i mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ| GB NUbvi
mg~n Am¦xKvi Kivi †Kvb Dcvq †bB Ges Am¦xKvi Ki‡j Zv n‡e
†`k†cÖgnxb mvwgj| RbMY‡K †`k‡cÖg DØy× Kivi Rb¨ I Avcvgq
RbmvaviY‡K ivRbxwZ m‡PZb Kiv Rb¨ mv‡eK †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eZ©gv‡b
†mvnivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b msNwVZ Dc‡iv³ NUbv mg~‡ni ¯’vb wPwýZ Ges msi¶Y
Kiv iv‡óªi Z_v cÖwZwU bvMwi‡Ki GKvš— `vwqZ¡ e‡j Avwg g‡b Kwi Ges
G wel‡q Av`vj‡Zi Av‡`k †`‡ki gsM‡ji Rb¨ GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb|ÕÕ
evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’vb, XvKv kni I Av‡k cv‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b UP©vi †m‡j cvwK¯—
evOvwj‡`i jBqv wMqv AK_¨ AeY©bxq I Pig AZ¨vPvi I wbh©vZb KiZt iv‡qi
evRvi, wgicyi I wewfbœ ea¨f~wg‡Z Zvnvw`†Mi jvk wb‡¶c K‡i| GBiƒc wbg©g
nZ¨vKvÛ c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij| mgMª evsjv‡`‡k GBiƒc AmsL¨ ea¨f~wg iwnqv‡Q
†h¸wj wPwýZ KiZt i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv Aek¨ cÖ‡qvRb| wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h hw`I
wVK GBiƒc cÖv_©bv Kwiqv Rule wU Rvix nq bvB wKš‘ †h‡nZy msweav‡bi 24
Aby‡”Q‡`i Av‡jv‡K Rule wU Rvix nBqv‡Q Ges †h‡nZy 1971 m‡b evsjv‡`‡ki
Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P wewfbœ ¯’v‡b GBiƒc b„ksm Kv‡jv Aa¨vq A¼vwqZ nBqv‡Q hvnv‡`i
AZ„ß AvZ¥v nq‡Zv GLbI Ôme SyU nvqÕ ewjqv nvnvKvi K‡i, m‡e©vcwi, wZwb
9
Zvnviv GLb †h m¦vaxb †`‡k emevm K‡i †m †`‡ki m¦vaxbZv AR©b Kwi‡Z
UiPvi †mj I ea¨f~wg¸wj wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wZwb wb‡e`b
K‡ib|
`iLv¯—Kvix؇qi e³e¨ t
Zvnv‡`i e¨w³MZ AwfgZ mivmwi Zvnv‡`i wbKU nB‡Z ïwb‡Z PvIqv nq| AZtci,
wKfv‡e GB m¦vaxbZv AwR©Z nBj †m m¤¦‡Ü eZ©gvb cÖRb¥ cÖK…Z c‡¶ wKQyB
nBqvwQj| Z‡e Zvnviv wb‡RivI GB e¨_©Zvi fvMx`vi ewjqv m¦xKvi K‡ib| KviY
GK w`‡K Zvnviv eZ©gvb cÖRb¥‡K GB m¤¦‡Ü cÖK…Z Z_¨ cÖKvk Kwi‡Z e¨_©
nBqv‡Qb, Ab¨ w`‡K `yf©vM¨ ekZt gyw³hy‡×i wec¶ kw³ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Awem¥iYxq
†MŠie‡K gywQqv †dwj‡Z me©`v Zrci wQj| we‡kl Kwiqv 1975 m‡bi 15B
AMv‡ó e½eÜy‡K nZ¨v Kwievi Rb¨ ci gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm weK…Z Kwievi Rb¨
wbwðZ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb nq| GB cÖ‡Póvi Ask wnmv‡e evOvwj RvwZi wewfbœ HwZnvwmK
m¥„wZ weRwoZ ¯’vb mg~n cwieZ©b Kiv nq ev aŸsm Kiv nq| igbv †im‡Kvm©
1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L e½eÜy we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô fvl‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki
m¦vaxbZvi WvK w`qvwQ‡jb| GB ¯’v‡bB 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—
m¤§y‡L fvlY `vb K‡ib| GB mKj ¯’vb¸wj HwZnvwmK Zvrch© enb K‡i| GB
mKj ¯’vb¸wj Avgv‡`i RvZxq M‡e©i ¯’vb A_P 38 erm‡iI ‡Kvb miKvi H
mKj ¯’vb¸wj‡K wPwýZ KiZt h_vh_ gh©v`v cÖ`vb Kwiqv i¶vYv‡e¶‡Yi †Kvb
c`‡¶c Mªnb K‡ib bvB| ei H mKj HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~‡n wkïcvK© wbg©vY
Kwiqv Avgv‡`i BwZnvm‡K gywQqv †dwjevi cÖqvm cvBqv‡Q| A_P wkïcvK© Ab¨
†h †Kvb ¯’v‡bB nB‡Z cvwiZ| wKš‘, wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib †h eZ©gvb I fwel¨Z
cÖR‡b¥i wbKU nB‡Z GB mKj HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n Avovj Kwievi Amr D‡Ï‡k¨B
1. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
2. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
3. G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgv‡`i Av‡e`b, e½eÜyi 7 gv‡P©i e³„Zv
†h ¯’vb †_‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i †h ¯’v‡b nvbv`vi
cvwK¯—vbx evwnbx †hŠ_ evwnbxi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©b K‡iwQj Zv
wPwýZKiY, msi¶Y Ges Zv‡Z †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv _vK‡j Zv
AcmviY|
4. 1971 mv‡ji 26‡k gvP© e½eÜy m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv
K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘, Avgiv g‡b Kwi †`kevmx‡K m¦vaxbZvi
Rb¨ cÖ¯—ywZ †bqvi WvK w`‡qwQ‡jb 7gvP©| 7 gv‡P©i ci
cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z m‡Z¡I ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯—v‡b
Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g mgvš—ivj GKwU iv‡óªi m„wó
n‡qwQj †h iv‡óªi RbMY I miKvix cÖkvmb e½eÜyi GKK
KZ©„Z¡ †g‡b wb‡qwQjb| c„w_exi BwZnv‡m G ai‡Yi NUbv
Av‡M KLbI N‡U‡Q e‡j Rvbv †bB| evOvwj‡`i iv‡óªi ZLb
†_‡KB hv m¦xK…Z n‡q‡Q 26 gvP© e½eÜyi m¦vaxbZvi
†Nvlbvi gva¨‡g| GB e³„Zv evOvwj‡`i cÖ¯—yZ K‡i‡Q
gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨, bÕ gv‡mi hy‡× kw³ hywM‡q‡Q evOvwj‡K,
AbycÖvwbZ K‡i‡Q cieZx© ‡Rbv‡ikb‡K|
5. †h cvwK¯—vwb mvgwiK evwnbx‡K A‡Rq g‡b Kiv n‡Zv †m
evwnbxI cÖvq GKB ¯nv‡b AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i| cÖvq GK j¶
†mbv I wmwfj Kg©Pvwi AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i †hŠ_ evwnbxi Kv‡Q hv
weij GKwU NUbv| 16 wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`em I AvR‡Ki iv‡óªi
AvbyôvwbK m„wó| c„w_exi Avi †Kv‡bv †`‡k weRq w`em †NvlYv
11
cÖv_wgK Av‡jvPbv t
igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AbywôZ wewfbœ HwZnvwmK NUbvejx hvnv Avgv‡`i RvZxq
Rxe‡b we‡kl Kwiqv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡g wewfbœ mg‡q A¼vqxZ nBqvwQj
†im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi HwZnvwmK ¯’vb mg~n wPwýZ KiZt
msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ miKv‡ii Dci wb‡`©kbv cÖv_©bv Kwiqv `v‡qi Kiv nBqv‡Q|
igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb eû c~e© †gvMj Avgj nB‡ZB HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ enb
K‡i| †gvMj Avgj nB‡Z weªwUk ivR Gi †kl mgq ch©š— Bnvi PZyc©v‡k© wewfbœ
Kwi‡Z †M‡j Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡bi K_v DwVqv Avwm‡e Ges GB
¯’vb¸wj‡Z e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡L Zvunvi
Avbv‡P Kvbv‡P wewfbœ RvqMvq cywZqv ivLv nBqv‡Q †mB mKj ¯’vb¸wjI wPwýZ
Kwiqv msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ †gŠwLK cÖv_©bv Rvbvb nq| GB cÖv_©bv m¤ú‡K©
Dcw¯’Z weÁ A¨vUwY© †Rbv‡i†ji e³e¨ AvnŸvb Kwi‡j wZwb e‡jb †h gnvb gyw³hy×
`yBwU HwZnvwmK NUbv m¤¦‡Ü wb‡`©kbv cÖv_©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶ evOvwj
RvwZi GB AR©b msµvš— mKj †kÖô HwZnvwmK NUbvejx m¤¦‡ÜB w`K wb‡`©kbv
cÖ‡qvRb ewjqv wZwb wb‡e`b K‡ib| 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP©, 16B wW‡m¤¦i e¨wZ‡i‡K
1948 m‡bi 21‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖ_g MfY©i
†Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i fvlY, 1969 m‡bi 23†k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L
AvMiZjv †gvKvÏgv nB‡Z m`¨ gyw³ cÖvß ‡kL gywR‡ei w`K wb‡`©kbv g~jK fvlY,
1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L Z`vwbš—b cvwK¯—v‡bi c~ev©Âj nB‡Z RvZxq
Kwievi kc_ Mªnb Abyôvb, cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z gyw³cÖvß nBqv XvKvq AvMgb KiZt
1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwii fvlY Ges 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv
MvÜx KZ„©K cÖ`Ë fvlY Gi ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ Kwiqv i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi Rb¨ `iLv¯—Kvixi
c‡¶ Dcw¯’Z weÁ A¨vUwY© ЇRbv‡ij g‡nv`q DfqB e‡jb †h gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q
evsjv‡`‡kiB mš—vb| ïaygvÎ evOvwj nBevi Aciv‡a, evsjv fvlvq K_v ewjevi
nZ¨v Kiv nq| weÁ G¨vW&‡fv‡KU& g‡nv`qMY e‡jb †h, †h‡nZy evsjv‡`†ki Rb¨B
Dci AvR GB evsjv†`k `uvovBqv iwnqv‡Q †mB‡nZy Zvnv‡`i ¤§„wZ i¶v KivI
iv‡Lb|
Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨ kÖeY Kiv nBj| eZ©gvb ixU& †gvKvÏgvwU GKwU mvaviY
†gvKvÏgv bq| Bnv †Kvb wbw`©ó `yBc‡¶i g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡kl ZwK©Z Av‡`k jBqv
Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv hy‡× Ôexi DËgÕ cÖvß GKRb exi gyw³‡hv×v I †mbv bvqK| 2
BwZnvm I gyw³hy‡×i Dci Zvnvi cÖPyi †gŠwjK Ae`vb iwnqv‡Q| eZ©gvb †gvKvÏgvq
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Dci b¨¯— Kwi‡jI G m¤¦‡Ü †Kvb c`‡¶c G hveZ Kvj
†Kvb miKvi MªnY Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv cÖZxqgvb nq bv| Bnv miKv‡ii Z_v GB
RvwZi BwZnvm wegyLZvi cwiPq A_P iv‡óªi wbRm¦ BwZnvm e¨wZ‡i‡K we‡k¦i mf¨
ivóª mfvq Avgiv mf¨Zvi wbwi‡L wbæMvgx hw`I evOvwj mf¨Zvi ms¯K…wZ `yBnvRvi
Agvb¨ nB‡Z‡Q|
mg~n weK…wZ, webvk ev AcmviY nB‡Z i¶Yv‡e¶Y KiY, iv‡óªi mvsweavwbK `vwqZ¡
NUbvi mv¶¨ enb K‡i| †gvMj Avg‡jI igbvi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj| dvwm© fvlvq ÔigbvÕ
k‡ãi A_© meyR Nv‡m XvKv gq`vb| Bs‡iR Avg‡j Nb R½j cwi¯‹vi Kwiqv
†im‡Kvm© ‰Zix Kiv nq| e½f‡½i ci Bnvi PZyc©v‡k weªwUk iv‡Ri m‡ev©”P
Kg©KZ©vM‡Yi evm feb wbg©vb Kiv nq| 1947 m‡b fviZ fv‡Mi mg‡q I cvwK¯—vb
we‡kl ¯’vb `Lj Kwiqv Av‡Q| GB gq`v‡b eûevi GB RvwZi fvM¨ wba©viY
m¦vaxbZvcÖvß cvwK¯—vb RvwZi wcZv (Kvq‡` AvRg) †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i wbKU
nB‡Z Dcw¯’Z RbZv weg~p nBqv kÖeY K‡i ‡h cvwK¯—v‡bi 56% kZvsk evOvwj
17
Rb‡Mvôx m¤¦wjZ iv‡óªi ivóª fvlv nB‡e evsjvi cwie‡Z© D`©y| cvwK¯—vb m„wói gvÎ
7(mvZ) gv‡mi gv_vq evOvwj †PZbv I we‡eK GB cÖ_g GKwU cÖPÛ av°vi m¤§yLxb
nBj|
D‡j−L¨ †h fviZ wefw³i eû c~e© nB‡ZB ivóª fvlv evsjv nB‡e bv D`y© nB‡e
Zvnv jBqv g„`y weZK© I †jLv‡jwL nB‡ZwQj Z‡e jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve Abymv‡i gymjgvb
msL¨vMwió `yBwU AÂj jBqv `yBwU c„_K m¦vaxb ivóª nBevi `vex _vKvq Bnv jBqv
ZLb †Zgb †Kvb Av‡jvob m„wó nq bvB| Z‡e GKK cvwK¯—v‡bi `vex DÌvcb
nB‡j Ges fviZ wefw³i ZvwiL 1948 nB‡Z 1947 m‡b AvMvBqv Avwm‡j GB
cÖm½ AveviI Av‡jvPbvq Av‡m| 1947 m‡bi RyjvB gv‡m AvjxMo wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
DcvPvh© W. wRqvDwÏb Avn&‡g` cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi ivóªfvlv D`©y nIqv DwPr ewjqv gZ
cÖKvk Kwi‡j AveviI weZ‡K©i m~ÎcvZ nq| wewkó fvlvwe` W. gyn¤§` kwn`yj−vn
cvwK¯—v‡bi Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv wnmv‡e evsjv fvlvi †hŠw³KZv hyw³ cÖgvbmn Dc¯’vcb
K‡ib| GB mKj Av‡jvPbv Pwj‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq 14B AMvó fviZ fvM nq Ges
cvwK¯—vb m„wó nq| 1 jv †m‡Þ¤¦i XvKvq ZgÏyb gRwjk bv‡g GKwU ms¯’v MwVZ
nq| GB ms¯’v evsjv fvlvi m¦c‡¶ wewfbœ cÖPvi Avi¤¢ K‡i| 1947 m‡bi 5B
GKgvÎ ivóªfvlv Kwievi mycvwik Kiv nq| c‡ii w`bB XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Bnvi
Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq Ges evsjv‡K Ab¨Zg ivófvlv `vex Kiv nq| QvÎ mgv‡Ri
_v‡K| GB mg‡q Ôivóªfvlv msMªvg cwil`Õ MwVZ nq| D³ msMªvg cwil` evsjv
fvlv‡K ivóªfvlv wnmv‡e cÖwZwôZ Kwievi j‡¶ m¦v¶i msMªn Awfhvb Avi¤¢ K‡i
Ges K‡qK nvRvi m¦v¶i mn GKwU m¥viK wjwc 1948 m‡bi ‡deªyqvwi gv‡m
D`©yi mwnZ evsjv fvlv‡KI MYcwil‡`i fvlv wnmv‡e Mªn‡Yi cÖ¯—ve K‡ib| wZwb
e‡jb [evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy×t `wjjcÎ (`wjjcÎ), cÖ_g LÛ, c„t 54Ð55) ] t
18
“ The language of the State should be such which can be understood by the
common man of the State. The Common man of the State numbering four crores
and forty millions find that the proceedings of this Assembly which is their mother
of parliaments is being conduct in a language, Sir, which is unknow to them.
Then, Sir, English has got an honoured place, Sir, in Rule 29. I know, Sir, English
has got an honoured place because of the International Character.
But, Sir, if English can have an honoured place in Rule 29 that the
proceedings of the Assembly should be conducted in Urdu or English why
Bangalee, which is spoken by four crores forty lacks of people should not have an
honoured place, Sir, in rule 29 of the procedure Rules. So, Sir, I know I am voicing
the sentiments of the vast millions of our State and therefore Bengalee should not
be treated as a Provincial Language. If should be treated as the language of the
State. And therefore, Sir, I suggest that after the word ‘English’, the words
“Bengalee’ be inserted in Rule 29....................................................”
gymwjg jxM `‡ji †Kvb evOvwj m`m¨ ax‡i›`ªbv_ `ˇK mg_©b Kwiqv e³e¨
iv‡Lb bvB, ei cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ Avjx I LvRv bvwRgywÏb evsjv fvlvi wec‡¶
Ges D`y©i c‡¶ ‡Rvivj e³e¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| AZtci, ax‡i›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi cÖ¯—ve
evwZj nBqv hvq| Bnv‡Z c~e© evsjvi QvÎ mgvR ¶yã nq Ges 26‡k ‡deªyqvwi
Zvwi‡L ag©NU cvjb K‡i| 2iv gvP© Zvwi‡L me©`jxq ivóªfvlv msMªvg KwgwU MwVZ
nq Ges 11B gvP© mvaviY ag©NU cvj‡bi wm×vš— MªnY Kiv nq| Hw`b mwPevj‡q
wc‡KwUs Kiv Ae¯nvq †kL gywReyi ingvb †MÖdZvi nb| m¦vaxbZvi gvÎ 7 (mvZ)
gv‡mi gv_vq GB mvaviY ag©NU AbywôZ nq| Av‡›`vjb ZxeªZi nB‡Z _vwK‡j
miKvi QvÎ †bZ„e„›`M‡Yi mwnZ Av‡jvPbv KiZt GKwU Pyw³‡Z Avwm‡Z eva¨ nq|
16B gvP© wek¦we`¨vjq cÖv½‡b msMªvg cwil‡`i GKwU mfv AbywôZ nq Ges
A¨v‡m¤¦wj †NivI Kg©m~wP jIqv nq| †kL gywRe wgwQ‡ji cy‡ivfv‡M _vwKqv mgMª
wgwQj cwiPvjbv K‡ib| A¨v‡m¤¦jx feb †M‡U Zvnviv cÖavbgš¿x LvRv bvwRgDwχbi
mv¶vr cÖv_x© nb wKš‘ cywjk evwnbx jvwVPvR© Kwiqv wgwQj QÎf½ Kwiqv †`q| eû
msL¨K QvÎ ¸i“Zii“‡c AvnZ nq| GB NUbvi cÖwZev‡` ciw`b 17B gvP©
cÖ‡`ke¨vcx wk¶vqZ‡b e¨vcK ag©NU nq| GBi“c we¶y× cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨B 19‡k
gvP© Zvwi‡L cvwK¯—v‡bi Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn XvKvq AvMgb
19
K‡ib| 21 †k gvP© Zvwi‡L †im&‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wZwb GKwU bxwZ wba©viYx e³„Zv cÖ`vb
K‡ib| fvlv cÖm‡½ Avwmqv wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib (`wjjcÎt cÖ_g LÛ, c„t78Ð84)t
ivR‰bwZK m¦vaxbZv bq m¦vaxb gvbyl wnmv‡e we‡k¦i `iev‡i gv_v DuPy Kwiqv
we‡k¦i `iev‡i Dc¯’vwcZ Kwi‡Z PvwnqvwQj| wKš‘ m¦vaxbZvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB evsjv
Ae¯’v‡bi `i“Y evOvwj gvÎB wewm¥Z nB‡ZwQj KviY cvwK¯—vb iv‡óªi 56%
Awaevmxi gvZ„fvlv evsjv nIqv m‡Z¡I Bnv‡K ivóª fvlvi gh©v`v cÖ`vb bv
Kwiqv GKwU cÖv‡`wkK fvlv wnmv‡e MY¨ Kwievi †Kvb †hŠw³KZv m¦vfvweK fv‡eB
nBj| wRbœvn cvwK¯—vb RvwZi RbK I GKRb Awemsevw`Z †bZv wQ‡jb| c~e©e‡½I
†mB mgq Zuvnvi RbwcÖqZv wQj| NUbvi AvKwm¥KZvq Dcw¯’Z RbZvi GKwU weivU
Ask wRbœvni e³‡e¨ AZ¨š— ¶yä nBj| cÖwZev` gyLi bv nB‡jI gvÎ 7 gv‡mi
gv_vq cvwK¯—vb m„wói D”Q¦v‡m GB cÖ_gevi Zvnviv GKwU cÖPÛ av°v LvBj|
Zvnv‡`i g‡b GKwU wØavi Rb¥ wbj, wb‡R‡`i mZ¨Kvi m¦vaxbZv wPš—v †PZbvq
“There can, however, be only one lingua franca, that is, the language for
inter- communication between the various provinces of the State, and that language
should be Urdu and cannot be any other. The State language, therefore must
obviously be Urdu...................”
GBevi Qv·`i g‡a¨ cÖPÛ cÖwZwµqv nq Ges mgveZ©b n‡ji wewfbœ cÖvš—
cÖwZev` Avkv K‡ib bvB Ges GB cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ wZwb Zvnvi myi big K‡ib
“There can be only one State language, if the component parts of this State
are to march forward in unison , and that language, in my opinion, can only be
Urdu.”
igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cieZx© HwZnvwmK NUbv nBj 1969 m‡bi 23†k
‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L AbywôZ wekvj GK Rbmfv| Bnvi c~e©w`b 22†k †deªyqvwi †kL
gywRe AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv nB‡Z †Kej gy³ nBqv‡Qb| cÖvq `k j¶vwaK
mg‡q †kL gywRe AvBqye we‡ivax cÖPv‡i †bZ„Z¡¦ cÖ`vb K‡ib| 3iv GÖwcÖj Zvwi‡L
21
c~e© cvwK¯Zvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi IqvwK©s KwgwUi mfvq 1940 m‡bi jv‡nvi
cÖ¯Zv‡ei wfwˇZ †`‡k MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Avnevb Rvbvb nq| H mgq nB‡ZB
ivóª‡`Övnmn wewfbœ cÖKvi gvgjv †kL gywRemn we‡ivax `jxq †bZv Kgx©‡`i weiƒ‡×
Avbqb Kiv nB‡Z _v‡K Ges †kL gywRe µgvMZ †MªdZvi nB‡Z _v‡Kb| 1966
m‡bi 5B †deªqvwi Zvwi‡L jv‡nv‡i †ek K‡qKwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji D‡`¨v‡M GKwU
RvZxq m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| †mB Dcj‡¶ jv‡nv‡i Dcw¯nZ nBqv 10B ‡deªyqvwi
Zvwi‡L †kL gywRe Zvunvi weL¨vZ 6 `dv DÌvcb K‡ib| 17B ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L
wZwb XvKvq Bnvi Dci wek` e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib| 16B gvP© Zvwi‡L AvBqye Lvb 6
`dvi wei“‡× Zxeª we‡lv`Mvi Kwiqv A‡¯¿i fvlvq Reve cÖ`vb Kiv nB‡e ewjqv
cªKvk¨ Rbmfvq †NvlYv K‡ib| gvP© gv‡m AbywôZ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi KvDwÝj
Awa‡ek‡b †kL gywRe mfvcwZ I ZvRDwÏb Avng` c~e© cvwK¯Zvb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
mvaviY m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| 6 `dvi wfwˇZ c~e© evsjvi Rb¨ c~Y© m¦vqË¡ kvm‡bi
`vex †eMevb nB‡Z _v‡K| hw`I AvBqye Lvb Bnv‡K c~e© evsjvi m¦vaxbZvi `vex
wnmv‡e Mb¨ Kwiqv †kL gywRe I Ab¨vb¨ †bZv Kgx©‡`i Dci wbcxo‡bi gvÎv e„w×
K‡ib Ges cÖ‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj †Rjvq Zvunvi bv‡g ûwjqv Rvix nq| GB fv‡e
1966 m‡bi cÖ_g nB‡ZB, we‡kl Kwiqv 6 `dvi cÖvi¤¢ nB‡ZB AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
†bZvÐKgx©M‡bi Dci cÖPÛ †Rj Ryjyg I wbh©vZb Pwj‡Z _v‡K| GBi“c Amnbxq
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z 7 B Ryb mgMª cÖ‡`‡k me©vZ¥K niZvj cvwjZ nq| Hw`b cywjk evwnbxi
¸wj el©‡Y eû msL¨K †jvK wbnZ nb Ges K‡qK nvRvi †jvK †MªdZvi nq| ciw`b
wKš‘ Awbevh© KviY ekZt wbRm¦ wi‡cvU©vi†`i msev` weeiYx cÖKvk m¤¢e nBj bv
ewjqv eY©bv Kiv nq| miKvix †cÖm wi‡cvU© nB‡ZI NUbvi Aš—Z LwÛZvsk AvuP
Kiv hvB‡e| Bnv wbæiƒc (ghnvi“j Bmjvg t e½eÜy †kL gywRe, 1993, c„t
281Ð283) t
nq| B,wc,Avi, wU, wm, evm¸wj‡Z BUcvU‡Kj †Qvuov nq Ges Uvqv‡ii cv¤c
Qvwoqv w`qv mem©cÖKvi hvbevn‡b APjve¯nv m„wó Kiv nq| wbixn RbmvaviY
I Awdm hvÎx‡`i Acgvb I nqivb Kiv nq| nvB‡Kv‡U©i mg¥y‡L wZbwU
Mvwo †cvovBqv †`Iqv nq| cywjk KvR©b nj, evnv`yi kvn cvK© I KvIivb
evRv‡ii wbKU ¸Ûv‡`i evav `vb K‡i Ges wUqvi M¨vm e¨envi Kwiqv
Zvnvw`M‡K QÎf½ Kwiqv †`q| †ZRMvuI‡q 2ÐWvDb PUªMªvg †gBj †ZRMvuI
†ij‡ók‡bi AvDUvi wmMb¨v‡j AvUK Kwiqv jvBbPy¨Z Kiv nq| †UªbLvbv
cÖniv`v‡bi Rb¨ GK`j cywjk `ª“Z Z_vq Mgb K‡i | RbZv Zvnv‡`i
wNwiqv ‡d‡j Ges Zygyjfv‡e BUÐcvU‡Kj wb‡¶c K‡i| d‡j eû cywjk
Kg©Pvix AvnZ nq| hLb cywjk RbZvi Ke‡j cwoqv hvIqvi Dcµg nq,
ZLb AvZ¥i¶vi Rb¨ Zvnvi ¸wjel©b K‡i| d‡j 4 e¨w³i g„Zy¨ nq|
c~e©v‡ý 10 NwUKvq cÖvq 300 Dk„„•Lj RbZv KZ„©K †ZRMvuI¯’ j¨vÛ
†iKW© I mv‡f© wW‡iK&U‡iU Awdm Avµvš— nq| RbZv Zygyjfv‡e
BUÐcvU‡Kj wb‡¶c K‡i| d‡j Awd‡mi h‡_ó ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| RbZv
AZtci †m‡Uj‡g›U ‡cÖ‡mi w`‡K AMªmi nBqv wcÖw›Us ‡gwkb mg~‡ni `vi“Y
¶wZmvab K‡i| Avµg‡Yi mgq †cÖ‡mi wZbRb Kg©Pvix AvnZ nq|
bvivqYM‡Ä GK D”Q„•Lj RbZv mKvj 6Ð30 wgwb‡Ui mgq MjvwPcv
†ijI‡q µwmsÐGi wbKU XvKvMvgx ‡Uªb AvUK K‡i| c‡i RbZv
bvqvYMÄMvgx 34 bs WvDb †Uªb AvUKvBqv Dnvi wecyj ¶wZmvab I
WªvBfvi‡K cÖnvi K‡i| RbZv †Rvi Kwiqv hvÎx‡`i bvgvBqv †`q| hvÎx‡`i
D×v‡ii Rb¨ AvMZ GKwU cywjk `j Avµvš— Ges eûmsL¨K cywjk Kg©Pvix
AvnZ nq| cywjk `j jvwVPv‡R©i mvnv‡h¨ RbZv‡K QÎf½ Kwiqv †`q|
AZtci e›`yKmn gvivZ¥K A¯¿k‡¯¿ mw¾Z GK RbZv bvivqYMÄ _vbv
AvµgY Kwiqv `vi“Y ¶wZmvab Ges e›`y‡Ki ¸wj‡Z cywjk Awdmvi‡`i RLg
K‡i| D”Q„•Lj RbZv _vbvÐfe‡b cÖ‡ek Kivi ci cywjk AvZ¥i¶v‡_©
¸wjel©Y Kivi d‡j Qq e¨w³ wbnZ I Av‡iv 13 e¨w³ AvnZ nq| 45 Rb
cywjk AvnZ nb Ges Zvnv‡`i g‡a¨ K‡qKR‡bi AvNvZ ¸i“Zi |
cvj©v‡g›Uvix †m‡µUvix Rbve Gg. G. Rv‡e‡`i †gvUi Mvwo f¯§xf~Z
I Zvunvi evwo jyw›VZ nq| bvivqYMÄ I Pvlvovi g‡a¨ †ijI‡q wmMb¨vwjs
jvBb wew”Qbœ Kwiqv †djv nq|
U½x‡Z wewfbœ wg‡ji kÖwgKiv ag©NU cvjb K‡i Ges GKwU wgwQj
evwni K‡i| KvIivb evRv‡ii GK D”Q„•Lj RbZv GKRb mv‡R©›U‡K cÖnvi I
Zvunvi ¯KzUv‡ii ¶wZ mvab K‡i Ges †ijI‡q µwmsÐGi wbKU GKwU
gvjevnx †Uªb _vgvBqv †`q| XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GK †kÖYxi QvÎ wc‡KwUs
K‡i Ges †mLv‡b AvswkK ag©NU cvwjZ nq|
23
†MªdZvi Kiv nq Ges B‡Ëdv‡Ki †cÖm ev‡Rqvß †NvlYv Kiv nq| GB mgq
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ„¯nvbxq mKj †bZv †MªdZvi wQ‡jb| ïaygvÎ gwnjv m¤úvw`Kv
1968 m‡bi 17 Rvbyqvwii Mfxi iv‡Î †kL gywRe‡K †Rj nB‡Z Qvwoqv
†`Iqv nq wKš‘ †Rj †M‡UB Zvunv‡K mvgwiK evwnbx †MªdZvi K‡i| 19‡k Ryb
Avi¤¢ nq ivóª ebvg †kL gywRe Ms bv‡g AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv| Bnvi g‡a¨
mgMª cÖ‡`‡k QvÎ RbZvi cÖPÛ we‡¶vf wgwQj I niZvj Kg©m~wP Pwj‡ZwQj|
Ab¨w`‡K Pwj‡ZwQj miKv‡ii †Rj Ryjyg AZ¨vPvi, wbcxob| 1969 m‡bi 17B
msMªvg cwil` MwVZ nq| D³ cwil` 11 `dv Kg©m~Px cÖYqb K‡i Ges Bnvi
nB‡j Av‡›`vj†bi `ye©viZv e„w× cvq Ges mgMª cÖ‡`‡k QovBqv c‡o H mg‡q
cywjk I †mbvevwnbxi ¸wj el©‡Y eû msL¨K †jvK wbnZ nq| cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi
wewfbœ ¯’v‡bI MY we‡¶vf Avi¤¢ nq Ges wewfbœ kn‡i Kvd©y Rvix KiZt †mbvevwnbx
24
Zje Kiv nq| Bnvi g‡a¨ 27‡k Rvbyqvwi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjvi ïbvbx mgvß
nq|
K‡ib| wKš‘ AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„e„›` AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi I †kL
gywR‡ei gyw³ e¨wZ‡i‡K D³ ‰eV‡K †hvM w`‡eb bv ewjqv †NvlYv K‡ib| BwZg‡a¨
B‡Ëdv‡Ki QvcvLvbvi Dci †_‡K ev‡Rqvß Av‡`k cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nq| 15B
mv‡R©›U Rûi“j nK‡K ¸wj Kwiqv nZ¨v Kiv nq| Bnv‡Z mgMª cÖ‡`‡k cÖPÛ
we‡¶vf I D‡ËRbvi m„wó nq Ges 16B ‡deªyqvwi cÖ‡`ke¨vwc niZvj nq| nvRvi
nvRvi †jvK Zvnvi Rvbvhvq kixK nq| we¶yä I †kvKvnZ RbZv UªvBeybv‡ji
AwMœms‡hvM Kwi‡j wZwb weeªZKi Ae¯’vq Z_v nB‡Z cjvqb K‡ib| ZvnvQvov,
AviI K‡qKRb gš¿xi evmfe‡bI AwMœ−ms‡hvM Kiv nq| 18B ‡deªyqvwi ivRkvnx
¸wj el©Y Avi¤¢ K‡i| cÖKUi W. kvgmy‡¾vnv‡K cÖ_‡g ¸wj K‡i, Zrci †eq‡bU
PvR© Kwiqv nZ¨v Kiv nq| ZvnvQvov, AviI GKRb QvÎ wbnZ nq| mgMª cÖ‡`k
we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o I niZvj ïi“ nq| XvKvq Kvd©y _vKv Ae¯nvqI cÖPÛ fv‡e
wgwQj wgwUs Pwj‡Z _v‡K| mgMª cÖ‡`‡k APj Ae¯nvi m„wó nq| H w`‡bi NUbvejx
†emvgwiK KZ©„c¶‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ ivwÎ mv‡o 10 Uvq ‰mb¨ Zje
Kiv nq| ivwÎ 11Ð30 wgwb‡Ui mgq 144 aviv Rvwi Kiv nq|
25
18B ‡deªyqvwi 144 aviv jsNb Kwiqv wgwQj evwni Kiv nq Ges
RbZv †mbvevwnbxi GKLvbv Mvox wNwiqv †d‡j| QvÎiv MvoxLvbvi Dci
cÖej BUÐcvU‡Kj †Quv‡o| Bnv †`wLqv Qv·`i eySvBqv K¨v¤cv‡m †diZ
†`Iqvi Rb¨ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi ‡cªv±i evwni nBqv Av‡mb| wKš‘ Zvnv m‡Z¡I
wKQy RbZv Unj`vi evwnbxi Kg¨Ûvi‡K BUÐcvU‡Kj Qyuo‡Z _v‡K|
†jd‡Ubv›U GB mgq ¸wj el©Y K‡i| d‡j †cÖv±†ii †`‡n ey‡jU we× nq
Ges c‡i wZwb D³ ¯nv‡b gviv hvb|
G QvovI ¸wj‡Z GK e¨w³ wbnZ Ges `yB e¨w³ AvnZ nq| Acivý
2Ð30 wgwbU nB‡Z ivRkvnx‡Z mvܨ AvBb Rvix Kiv nq| G,wc,wc,
AvnZ‡`i ZvwjKvq wZbRb
Aa¨vcK
¸wj el©‡Y QvÎ QvovI wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wZbRb Aa¨vcK ¸i“Zi iK‡g
(1)cÖ‡dmvi Lv‡j`|
(2)Wt KvwRgDwÏb †gvj−v|
(3)Wt KvRx Ave`yj gvbœvb|
‡NvlYv K‡ib †h cieZx© wbe©vP‡b †cÖwm‡W›U c‡` wZwb Avi cÖwZØw›`¦Zv Kwi‡eb bv|
D‡j−L¨ †h, †cÖwm‡W›U KZ„©K AvûZ †Mvj‡Uwej ‰eV‡K †kL gywRe‡K Avgš¿Y
Kiv nB‡jI c¨v‡iv‡j wZwb Z_vq Mgb Kwi‡Z cÖZ¨vL¨vb KwiqvwQ‡jb| GgZ
Ae¯nvq 22‡k ‡deªyqvwi miKvi GK †NvlYv e‡j AvMiZjv gvgjv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i
ïay ZvnvB b‡n AvBqye Zvnvi gš¿x LvRv mvnveywÏb gvidr †kL gywRe‡K
27
ciw`b 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi †K›`ªxq QvÎ msMªvg cwil` †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †kL
gywRe‡K Ôe½eÜyÕ Dcvwa‡Z f~wlZ Kiv nq| Dcvwa Mªnb KiZt Zvunvi fvl‡Y
RbmsL¨vi wfwˇZ cÖZ¨¶ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g b~Zb cvj©v‡g›U MVb Kwievi `vex
Rvbvb| 24‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li ‰`wbK cvwK¯—vb cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ Zvunvi cÖ`Ë
kµi Là‡i bv covi Rb¨ wZwb mKj‡K mZK© K‡i †`b| mvܨ AvBb
I mvgwiK evwnbx cÖZ¨vnv‡ii Rb¨ miKv‡ii wbKU `vex Rvbvb| wZwb e‡jb,
Avgv‡`i msMªvg KwgwU gnj−vq kvwšZ eRvq ivL‡e|
‡kL gywRe e‡jb, c~e© evsjvq wn›`y, gymjgvb, wenvix Ges mK‡jB
Avgiv kvwšZ‡Z GK‡Î emevm Kie|
cwi‡k‡l wZwb e‡jb, evsjvi gvwU‡K Avwg fvjevwm| evsjvi gvwUI
Avgv‡K fvjev‡m| 11Ð`dvi wR›`vev` aŸwb w`‡q wZwb Zuvi 50 wgwbU ¯’vqx
e³„Zv †kl K‡ibÕÕ|
Population Basis,
not parity.
Demanding regional autonomy for East Pakistan, the Sheikh
said East Pakistan’s share in all spheres of national life must be
determinded on the bais of population. He said, East Pakistan was
33
One Unit
Education Policy
Mr. Ahmed vehemently criticised the policy of provincialising
the financially sound colleges like the Jagannath College,
Carmichael College and Brojomohan College. He demanded that
35
Mr. Tofael Ahmed held that the kindergarten system with its
English medium was fostering a kind of alien and elite spirit in the
educaitonal field. He observed that any such instutition should not
be allowed to run in East Pakistan. Mr. Tofael awarded a tilte on
Sheikh Mujib: ÔÔBangabandhu Sheikh Mujib,’’ which means “Sheikh
Mujib Friend of Bengal.”
Constitution
On behalf of the meeting the DUCSU Vice-President and
Convener of the All Party Students Committee of Action appealed to
Sheikh Mujib that he must come back from the Round Table
Conference framed according to the will of the people of East
Pakistan which constitutes 56 per cent of the population of the
country.
Mr. Ali observed that the allegation against Sheikh Mujib that
he want ‘Secession’ was utterly false. He believed that Mujib’s Six-
Points Programme was the demand for autonomy of East Pakistan.
Resolutions
The public meeting held on Sunday at the Ramna Race
Course under the auspices of the Students’ All –Party Committee of
Action called upon the Government to immediately restore the rights
of the people.
The meeting deplored that the safety Act and the press and
publications Ordinance were yet to be repealed and the properties of
37
the Progressive Papers Limited were not still handed over to the
original owners.
Hartal March 4
It made a fresh call to the people to observe hartal all over the
province on March 4 demanding repeal of safety Act and Press and
Publications Ordinance, withdrawal of all proclamations (hulia) and
fulfillment of the Students’ 11-Point demand.
The meeting demanded that the political cases and all cases
relating to the current mass movement must be withdrawn.
msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t
DAWN
KARACHI
Representation on basis of
population sought
The Awami League Chief said that he had first in early 1966
placed his demand for a Constitution on the basis of his Six-Point
programme at a conference in Lahore.
But he asked why the Eastern Wing with 56 per cent of the
population of the country would go for secession. The Sheikh said :
“If they (West Pakistan) want it they can do it. What we want are our
rights as citizens of Pakistan. What we we want is due share in
national affairs.”
Sheikh Mujib said students and the people of East and West
Pakistan were one, united and fraternal in relations. Moreover, in
both Wings, they were oppressed and it was only the rulers and the
vested interests who were trying to divide them and dissociate the
people of one region from the people of other region to perpetuate
and preserve their interests, he added.
He said even the President had not been able to visit East
Pakistan during the war and there was panic prevailing here. He
said when Lahore was attacked people in East Pakistan felt that it
was an attack on their own territory but “we could not help each
other during the war.”
CHEATED ON PARITY
He said that his fight was against some exploiters who had
their headquartes in West Pakistan and not against the West
Pakistan people.
He said with the withdrawal of the cae, he had come out with
33 others who were accused but could not bring back one of them
Sgt. Zahurul Huq. He condemned the Government action in “killing”
Zahurul Huq, Dr. Shamsuzzoha, Asaduzzaman and others.
INDUSTRIALISTS WARNED
He said the workers were put into jail when they placed their
legitimate demands and they were deprived of their rights.
Dc‡i ewY©Z igbv †im&‡Kvm© gq`v‡b 23‡k ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L AbywôZ Rbmfv
GKbvqKZ¡ kvmb Ges iv‡óªi wb‡®úl‡bi Dci RbZvi weRq m~wPZ nq Ges
RbZvi `vexi gy‡L AvBqye Lvb we‡ivaxq `jxq †bZv‡`i e³e¨ kÖeY Kwi‡Z eva¨
Awem¥iYxq msMªv‡gi d‡j cvwK¯—vb miKvi evwZj Kwi‡Z eva¨ nb| GB me© cÖ_g
Awemsev`x I GKQÎ †bZvq cwiYZ nb Ges Zvnv‡`i ü`‡q ¯’vqx Avmb jvf
Kwi‡Z m¶g nb| GB Rbmfv nB‡Z †h msMªv‡gi m~Pbv Zvnv evsjv‡`k m¦vaxbZv
cwil‡`i wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| AvIqvgx jxM Bnvi 6 `dv `vexi wfwˇZ wbe©vP‡b
Ask MªnY K‡i| Z`vbxš—b c~e©v‡ji 162wU Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 160wU Avm‡b Rq jvf
K‡i| cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`i wbe©vP‡bI AvIqvgx jxM 300 Avm‡bi g‡a¨ 288wU
Avm‡b Rqjvf Kwi‡Z mg_© nq| GB wecyj weRq‡K AvIqvgx jxM Bnvi 6 `dvi
cÖwZ evsjvi RbM‡Yi ivq ewjqv AwfwnZ K‡i| D‡j−L¨ †h 1954 m‡bi cÖv‡`wkK
wbe©vP‡bI hy³d«›U wbi¼yk weRq jvf KwiqvwQj wKš— cÖvmv` loh‡š¿i Kvi‡Y
c~e©e‡½i RbMY weR‡qi cÖK…Z mydj AR©b Kwi‡Z e¨_© nBqvwQj| 1970 m‡bi
m¤ú‡K© ‡kL gywR‡ei GKwU Avk¼v wQj ewjqv cªZxqgvb nq| nq‡Zv GB Kvi‡bB
wbe©vP‡b GBi“c HwZnvwmK weR‡qi ciI wZwb wbe©vPb Z_v MYZ‡š¿i BwZnv‡m GKwU
Abb¨ mvavib c`‡¶c MªnY K‡ib| †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b me©Rb mg‡¶ AvIqvgx jxM
`j nB‡Z RvZxq cwil` I cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡` wbe©vwPZ mKj m`m¨‡K jBqv wZwb
AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †gwb‡d‡óv 6 `dv ev¯—evq‡bi kc_ MªnY K‡ib| MYZvwš¿K we‡k¦
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bwRi bvB|
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cvBevi j‡¶ HwZnvwmK jv‡nvi cÖ¯Zv‡ei Avw½‡K cwic~Y© ¯evqZ¡kvmb `vex Kwiqv
44
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1 bs `dv
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_vwK‡e|
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ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
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ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
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avh©¨ I Av`v‡qi ¶gZv _vwK‡e AvÂwjK miKv‡ii nv‡Z | †dWv‡ij
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nBqv hvB‡e| GB g‡g© wiRvf© e¨v¼ mg~‡ni Dci eva¨Zvg~jK weavb
45
cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK miKvi c~e© nB‡ZB †kL gywRe‡K kµ Ávb KwiZ wKš‘ 6
`dv DÌvc‡bi ci Zvnviv Zvunv‡K gnvkµ MY¨ KiZt †RjÐRyjyg I hZfv‡e m¤¢e
Zvunvi Dci wbh©vZ‡bi óxg †ivjvi PvjvBqvwQj| GB 6 `dv `vexi cÖ‡kœ AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi mggbv `j¸wj GgbwK cwðg cvwK¯—vbx †K›`ªxq †bZ„e„›`I Zvunv‡K cwiZ¨vM
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`vuovBqvwQj †h Zuvnv‡K cÖwZw`bB †Kvb bv †Kvb †Rjvq Avmvwg nBqv nvwRiv w`‡Z
nBZ Ges †MªdZvi nB‡Z nBZ| Zrci 1966 mb nB‡Z †RjLvbvq _vKv Ae¯nvq
1968 m‡b AvMiZjv lohš¿ †gvKvÏgvq 1bs Avmvwg nBqv 1969 m‡bi 22†k
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nZ¨vi cwiKíbv Kiv nBqvwQj| GBi“c AZ¨vPvi wbcxo‡bi c‡iI †kL gywRe Zvunvi
6 `dv `vex nB‡Z we›`ygvÎ mwiqv Av‡mb bvB KviY wZwb wek¦vm Kwi‡Zb †h ïaygvÎ
46
6 `dv `vex Av`vq gvidrB evOvwj Zvnvi b¨vh¨ AwaKvi Av`vq I msi¶b Kwi‡Z
cvwi‡e| QvÎ RbZvi †hŠ_ i³¶qx msMªv‡gi ci †kL gywRe‡K gy³ Kwiqv Avbv
m¤¢e nq|
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GjvKv †dWv‡ij GjvKv †NvwlZ nq| GKB Zvwi‡Li Legal Framework Order
(LFO) e‡j cÖvß eq¯‹‡`i mivmwi †fv‡U wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g 300 m`m¨ Ges 13
Rb gwnjv cÖwZwbwamn 313 Avm‡bi RvZxq cwil` MV‡bi †Nvlbv †`Iqv nq|
mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| AvIqvgx jxM 6 `dv Kg©m~Pxi wfwˇZ wbe©vPb K‡ib
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RvZxq I cÖv‡`wkK msm` m`m¨‡`i jBqv 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi igbv
Zvnvw`M‡K kc_ evK¨ cvV Kivb| 1971 m‡bi 4Vv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ
ÔÔ MYcÖwZwbwa‡`i kc_
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(óvd wi‡cvU©vi )
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mvgvwRK ‰el‡g¨i wPi Aemvb NUvBqv †kvlbÐgy³ myLx mgv‡Ri eywbqv`
47
m`m¨ kc_bvgv cvV K‡ib| kc_ cvV Kivi c~‡e© †kL gywRe †NvlYv K‡ib
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hvI avbÐ Gevi NyNy †Zvgvi ewae civY|ÕÕ j¶ j¶ nv‡Zi gyûg~©ût KiZvwji
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eo †jvK‡K Avi eo‡jvK nB‡Z †`Iqv nB‡e bv Ges Mixe‡KI bv LvBqv
gwi‡Z †`Iqv nB‡e bv| GB †`k nB‡e Mixe kÖwgKÐK…lKÐme©nviv †gnbwZ
gvby‡li|ÕÕ
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cÖ‡qvRb nB‡j i‡³B †kva Kwi‡Z nB‡e|ÕÕ
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Zvnv‡`i cÖwZ BbmvdB nB‡e Avgv‡`i g~j j¶¨|ÕÕ
e³„Zvi GK ch©v‡q wZwb ew¯— GjvKvq Dbœqb KvR ïi“ Kivi AvnŸvb
RvbvBqv Avgjv‡`i wnmve ‰Zix Kivi wb‡`©k †`b|
me©Rb mg‡¶ GB kc_ Mªnb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g 6Ð`dv cÖ‡kœ †kL gywRe
m¤¢eZ B”QvK…Z fv‡e wb‡R‡K I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi mKj wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY‡K Ggb
Kwiqv †`b hvnv‡Z cwi¯nwZi Pv‡c †hb wZwb wb‡RI 6 `dv cÖ‡kœ †Kvb Av‡cvl
`dvi gva¨‡g cvwK¯—v‡bi `yB Ask‡K jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡e ewY©Z †dWv‡ikb ai‡Yi ivóª
`dv `vexi cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i kc_ MªnY KivBqv wZwb Bnv‡K evOvwji RvZxq m¤ú‡`
cwiYZ K‡ib| GB NUbv 6 `dvi cÖwZ Zvunvi cwic~Y© A½xKv‡ii cwiPvqK Ges
cÖK…ZB wZwb cvwK¯Zvbx mvgwiK Rvš—vi kZ cÖ‡jvf‡bi gy‡LI evOvwj RvwZi m¦v_©
mgybœZ ivwL‡Z mg_© nb| GB mKj Kvi‡YB 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L
AwaK RbmgvM‡g gyLwiZ nq| Hw`bwU‡Z evOvwj RvwZi BwZnv‡m GK b~Zb Aa¨v‡qi
m~Pbv nq| Bnv GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY w`em| Hw`b cvwK¯Zvbx mvgwiK Rvš—vi
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1jv gvP© nB‡Z wZwb Z`vbxš—b cvwK¯Zv‡bi c~e©v‡ji cÖK…Z kvm‡K cwiYZ nb|
51
1jv gvP© nB‡Z 25‡k gvP© ch©š— GB‡`k Zvunvi wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cwiPvwjZ nq|
†K›`ªxq ev cÖv‡`wkK †Kvb miKviB ZLb Kvh©Ki wQj bv| wZwb Zvunvi ivR‰bwZK
Rxe‡bi m‡e©v”P wkL‡i Av‡ivnb KwiqvwQ‡jb| Zvunvi wb‡`©kB wQj †`‡ki AvBb|
K) cUf~wgKv t
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cÖvmv` lohš¿ m¤¦‡Ü †kL gywR‡ei wZ³ AwfÁZv wQj| GB Kvi‡b AvIqvgx jxM
nB‡Z †Kvb wbe©vwPZ m`m¨ hvnv‡Z †Kvb fv‡eB 6 `dv `vex nB‡Z mwiqv bv Avwm‡Z
cv‡ib †mRb¨ †kL gywRe Zvunvi mKj wbe©vwPZ m`m¨MY‡K jBqv 1971 m‡bi 3iv
Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡L igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b 6 `dv mgybœxZ ivwLevi A½xKvi Kwiqv
wbe©vP‡bi ciciB RvZxq msm` AvnŸvb Ges kvmbZš¿ cÖYq‡bi cÖkœ I‡V|
11B Rvbyqvwi Bqvwnqv XvKvq AvMgb K‡ib Ges 12B I 13B Rvbyqvwi `yB `dv
†kL gywR‡ei mwnZ Av‡jvPbv nq| 14B Rvbyqvwi XvKv Z¨v‡Mi g~û‡Z© wegvb e›`‡i
mvsevw`K‡`i cÖ‡kœi Dˇi wZwb e‡jb †h †kL gywRe †`‡ki fvex cÖavbgš¿x |
necessary stepts could have been taken in time. Now when the
entire province had voted for it, this move would be of little help.
Yahya, Peerzada and Ahsan sat on one side of the discussion
table while Mujib, Khondkar Mushtaq, Tajuddin and their
colleagues sat on the other. On the Awami League side, Mujib did
most of the talking. He presented his Six Points one by one. After
explaining each point, he said, ‘You see, there is nothing
objectionable in it. What’s wrong with it ? It is so simple.’ Yahya
and his aides listened. General Peerzada made an observation here
and there but Mujib very sweetly overruled him. Yahya Khan, in the
end, said, ‘I accept your Six Points. But there are strong feelings
against them in West Pakistan. You should carry West Pakistan
with you.’ Mujib readily said, ‘Of course, of course, we will carry
West Pakistan with us. We will consult them. We will frame the
constitution. We will frame it on the SixÐ Points. We will show a
copy of our constitution to you. There will be nothing wrong in it.’
Yahya Khan batted his heavy eye-lashes, puffed at his foreign
cigarette and remained silent.
I owe this version to Vice-Admiral Ahsan. Another account of
the same meeting is given by the Central Communications Minister,
Professor G.W. Chaudhry, who accompanied President Yahya Khan
to Dacca on this historic mission. He tells us that the President was
badly hurt by Mujib’s betrayal. He says :
‘As soon as the (Mujib-Yahya) meeting was over, I received
and answered a summons from the President’s House to see Yahya.
I found him bitter and frustrated. He told me, “ Mujib has let me
down. Those who warned me against him were right; I was wrong in
trusting this person.” ... When I specifically asked him, “Have you
reminded Mujib about his pledges made on the eve of the
elections?ÕÕ Yahya’s reply was made with deep anguish. “You and I
are not politicians – It is difficult for me to understand their mind
and way of thinking. Let us pray and hope for the best.”
General Yahya Khan left for Karachi on 14 January in the
same disturbed mood. I was present at Dacca airport when he
answered journalists’ questions. He seemed to have lost all hope for
the future. No reply, comment or ‘aside’ gave the slightest hint
53
17B Rvbyqvwi Bqvwnqv cvwL wkKv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wmÜyi jviKvbvq Mgb K‡ib
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gywR‡ei mwnZ K‡qK `dv ‰eVK K‡ib| wKš‘ msweavb m¤cwK©Z Av‡jvPbv
AgxgvswmZ ivwLqvB wZwb wdwiqv hvb| ei cÖ¯ZvweZ 15B †deªyqvwii g‡a¨ RvZxq
Kwig†K XvKvq †cÖiY Kwiqv †kL gywRe‡K Bmjvgvev‡` Avwmevi Rb¨ Avgš¿b
AZtci, 13B †deªyqvwii GK †NvlYvq Bqvwnqv Lvb 3iv gvP© mKvj 9Uvq
XvKvq RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb AvnŸvb K‡ib| 15B ‡deªyqvwi fy‡Æv †NvlYv K‡ib
wm×vš— Mªn‡Yi me©gq ¶gZv `jxq cÖavb †kL gywR‡ei Dci Ac©Y Kiv nq|
cvj©v‡g›Uvwi cvwU©i †bZv wbe©vPb Kiv nq| ‰mq` bRi“j Bmjvg‡K †K›`ªxq
K‡ib| GB mfvqB cvwK¯—v‡bi fvM¨ wba©viY nBqv hvq| nvmvb Rnxi Gi fvlvq
(c„:Ð140Ð143) t
28) :
cÖvK 1jv gv‡P©i NUbvejx jBqv Lt. General (Retd.) A.A.K. Niazi Zvnvi
the basis of this plan?’ Should I assume that the civil servants are
on our side- because censorship is normally carried out with the
help of civilian press officers ?’ He said rather angrily, ‘I don’t know.
It is your job to assess their reaciton and find any answer to your
problem....... But don’t get it (the plan) typed. Make only one copy in
your own hand and deposit it with me today.
Two infantry battalions-22 Baluch and 13 Frontier Force-
started flyng in by P.I.A. on 27 February. The process continued till
1 March. The local Brigade Headquarters (57 Brigade) was asked to
receive the additional troops and integrate them into the new
operational plan. The Bengali brigade major was kept out of this
arrangement for reasons of security. But hundreds of troops landing
at Dacca, an airport manned mostly by Bengalis, could not be kept
a secret.
1971 m‡bi 1 jv gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖKvwkZ ‰`wbK B‡ËdvK cwÎKv 3iv gvP©
Zvwi‡L AbywôZe¨ Avmbœ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb Kwievi Rb¨ cwðg
cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z RvZxq cwil` m`m¨M‡Yi XvKvq AvMgb Ges AvIqvgx jxM
cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU© 6 `dvi wfwˇZ Lmov msweavb cÖYqb msµvš— mfvi msev`
cwi‡ekb K‡i| Gw`‡K XvKvq ZLb 28‡k ‡deªyqvwi ZvwiL nB‡Z wewmwmwc wUg I
B›Uvib¨vkbvj GKv`k wU‡gi g‡a¨ wµ‡KU †Ljv XvKv †ówWqv‡g Pwj‡ZwQj Ges
XvKvevmx Z_v mgMª cÖ‡`kevmx D³ †Ljv m¦P‡¶ ev †iwWI gvidr AZ¨š— Avb‡›`i
2iv gvP© Zvwi‡Li B‡ËdvK cwÎKv `„‡ó cÖZxqgvb nq †h, 3iv gvP©
Zvwi‡L Avmbœ RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡bi A‡c¶vq mgMª †`k GKwU Drme
cÖ‡qvM KwiqvwQj †mB cvwK¯—v‡bi GKwU MYZvwš¿K msweavb cÖYxZ nB‡Z hvB‡Z‡Q,
64
RbmvaviY hLb Aaxi AvMª‡n A‡c¶vgvb ZLb nVvr KwiqvB webv †g‡N eRªcv‡Zi
b¨vq Acivý 1t05 wgwb‡Ui mgq †iwWI cvwK¯—v‡bi we‡kl Abyôv‡b cwVZ
†cÖwm‡W†›Ui GKwU wee„wZ‡Z RvZxq cwil‡`i Avmbœ Awa‡ekb Awbw`©ó Kv‡ji Rb¨
m¦vfvweK fv‡e Kwi‡ZwQj| XvKv kni wQj kvš— myybmvb Avb›`gyLi| me©ÎB †hb
wmœ» Avb›`Nb cwi‡ek| wKš‘ nVvr eRªvNvZmg GB msev‡` ¶wY‡Ki Rb¨ mK‡jB ¯—
m¦ZtùyZ© fv‡e iv¯—vq bvwgqv Av‡m| †Kvb †bZvi Wv‡Ki cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †Kn Abyfe
K‡i bvB| gyû‡Z©B †ówWqvg nB‡Z we¶yä `k©KMY evwni nBqv c‡o| †Ljv
we‡¶v‡f dvwUqv c‡o| GBfv‡eB 1jv gvP© Zvwi‡Li w`¦cÖni 1t05 wgwb‡U cvwK¯—
cvBqvB cÖPÛ we‡¶v‡f wemywfqv‡mi gZ dvwUqv c‡o| wbe©vP‡bi c‡iI †kL gywRe
KZ„©K †NvwlZ Kg©m~Pxi cÖwZ c~Y© mg_©b Ávcb Kiv nq| wekvj Rbmgy`Ö
RbM‡bi AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ eRª kc_ Mªnb K‡ib|
mfvi wewfbœ e³v `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l RbMY‡K HK¨e× nIqvi Rb¨
Avnevb Rvbvb| mfv‡k‡l wekvj Rbmgy`Ö wgwQj Kwiqv bIqvecyi m`iNvU,
Bmjvgcyi, PKevRvi nBqv knx` wgbv‡i Mgb K‡ib| wgwQjKvixMY AvR
(g½jevi) kn‡i c~Y© niZvj cvj‡bi Avnevb Rvbvb|
AvKwm¥Kfv‡e RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ †NvlYvi cÖwZev‡`
MZKvj c~e© cvwK¯—vb QvÎ BDwbq‡bi D‡`¨v‡M (gwZqv MÖ“c) GK we‡¶vf
wgwQj evwni Kiv nq| Zuvnviv evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y GK Rbmgv‡e‡ki
Av‡qvRb K‡ib| mfvq lohš¿Kvix‡`i Pµvš— cÖwZnZ Kivi kc_ Mªnb
Kiv nq|
Bnvi c~‡e© XvKv ev‡ii AvBbRxexMY wgwQj Kwiqv evqZyj †gvKviig
cÖv½‡Y mg‡eZ nb|Zuvnviv evqZyj †gvKviig cÖv½‡Y kvn AvwRRyi ingv‡bi
mfvcwZ‡Z¡ GKmfv Abyôvb K‡ib|
D‡j−L‡hvM¨ †h, MZKvj mKvj nB‡Z †cv¯—v‡Mvjv GjvKvi kÖwgKMY
Ôfy‡Ævi f~wgKvi cÖwZev‡`Õ kn‡i we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b K‡ib|
BnvQvov, MZKvj mܨv Ges iv‡ZI ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKvq
we‡¶vf cÖ`k©b Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| mܨvq ivRavbxi wewfbœ iv¯—vi †gv‡o
m¦ZtùyZ© c_mfv I mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq|
MZKvj weKv‡j kn‡ii me©Î kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e we‡¶vf cÖ`wk©Z nB‡jI
GK‡kÖYxi K‡qKRb †jvK bvR wm‡bgv n‡ji wU‡KU KvD›Uv‡i AwMœ ms‡hvM
Kivi cÖqvm cvq| Bnv‡Z wm‡bgv n‡ji mvgvb¨ ¶wZ nq| Aek¨ c‡i
RbmvaviY Av¸b wbfvBqv †d‡jb|
BnvQvov, ivRavbxi †Kvb †Kvb GjvKvq wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi mvBb †evW©
evsjv †jLvi bx‡P Bs‡iRx †jLv _vKvq GK‡kÖYxi AwZDrmvnx e¨w³
Bs‡iRx †jLv gywQqv †d‡j ewjqv Awf‡hvM cvIqv hvq|
Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ ivLvq Mfxi `ytL cÖKvk Kwiqv †kL gywRe e‡jb
(B‡ËdvK cÖwZ‡e`b )t
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐïay msL¨vjwNó `‡ji †mw›U‡g‡›Ui Rb¨ cwil` Awa‡ekb
¯’wMZ ivLv nBqv‡Q Ges Avgiv Dnv bxi‡e mn¨ Kwi‡Z cvwi bv| Bnvi Øviv
MYZvwš¿K c×wZ cÖvq e¨_© nBqv‡Q| cwil` Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki
mKj m`m¨B XvKvq wQ‡jb| Rbve fy‡Æv Ges Rbve KvBqyg Lv‡bi `j
Qvov cwðg cvwK¯—vbx mKj m`m¨B Awa‡ek‡b †hvM w`‡Z ivRx wQ‡jb|
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ wZwb e‡jbt Avgvi `j Avgv‡K †h †Kvb wm×vš— Mªnb Kivi
¶gZv w`qv‡Q| wZwb e‡jb †h, cvj©v‡g›Uvix cvwU©i m`m¨MY MZ 3iv
Rvbyqvix †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b †h kc_ MªnY KwiqvwQ‡jb Dnvi cybive„wË
Kwiqv‡Qb|(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
GB cÖm‡½ †gRi †Rbv‡ij ivI digvb Avjxi eY©bv cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| wZwb
Zvnvi “How Pakistan Got Divided” cy¯—‡K e‡jb (e½vbyev` t evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥, c„t
59)t
68
1jv gv‡P©i †NvlYvq evOvwj wKfv‡e we¶yä nBqvwQj Zvnv weª‡MwWqvi G,Avi,
wmwÏKx wjwLZ ÔEast Pakistan The Endgame’cy¯—‡K cvIqv hvq ( c„t 63)t
gvby‡li m¤§~‡n Zuvnvi 20 wgwbU e¨vwc e³„Zvq evsjvi gvbyl‡K wZwb m¦vaxbZvi WvK
†`b| GB fvl‡Yi ga¨ w`qvB evsjvi m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi `vex m¦vaxbZvi `vex‡Z cwiYZ
ïi“|
70
Rbve kvnwiqvi BKevj 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡m XvKvq cÖ_g †kÖYxi
gywR‡ei fvlY kÖeY Kwievi `~j©f AwfÁZv Zvnvi nBqvwQj| Zvnvi fvlvq
g‡a¨B me©‡kÖô|
71
ïay ZvnvB bq| evsjvi RbMY Zvnv‡`i †bZvi wb‡`©k A¶‡i A¶‡i cvjb
7B gvP© Zvwi‡Li NUbv m¤¦‡Ü ivI digvb Avjx Zvnvi cy¯—‡K eY©bv †`b
(c„t 69Ð73) t
Avgiv hLb 7B gvP© XvKvq bvgwQjvg, gywRe ZLb cªvq mvZ jvL
gvby‡li wekvj mgv‡e‡k fvlY w`w”Q‡jb| wegvbwU wbPy w`‡q D‡o hvIqvi mgq
Avgiv mevB GK Rbmgy`ª †`Ljvg| Avwg †Rbv‡ij wU°vi w`‡K Ny‡i ejjvg,
ÔÔXvKvq G iKgwUB N‡U _v‡K|ÕÕ Avwg eywS‡qwQjvg, cwiw¯nwZ cwðg cvwK¯—
v‡bi g‡Zv mnR bq|
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
G¸‡jv Qvov †kL gywRe RbMY‡K LvRbv w`‡Z wb‡la K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvui
Ab¨ wb‡`©k¸‡jv‡Z ejv nqt mKj miKvwi/AvavÐmiKvwi Kg©Pvwi ÔniZvjÕ
cvjb Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e, †ij I mgy`ª e›`img~n mvgwiK cwien‡bi Kv‡R
Am¦xK…wZ Rvbv‡e, †iwWI, wUwf I msev`cÎ †Kej evsjv‡`kgyLx msev` I
Abyôvbgvjv cÖPvi I cÖKvk Ki‡e; †UwjKwgDwb‡Kkb e¨e¯’v ïay
Ôevsjv‡`kÕÐGi Af¨š—‡i KvR Ki‡e; e¨vsK¸‡jv cwðg cvwK¯—v‡b †Kv‡bv A_©
cvVv‡e bv; evsMvjx BwcAviÐGi mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q cywjk AvBb k„sLjv i¶v
Ki‡e Ges mKj wk¶v cÖwZôvb eÜ _vK‡e| ÔevsMvjx BwcAviÕÐGi D‡j−L
Kivi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb cwðg cvwK¯—vbx Awdmvi‡`i cÖwZ Uªyc‡mi AvbyMZ¨‡K
Lwe©Z Kivi cÖ‡Póv wb‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †P‡qwQ‡jb Zviv c~e© cvwK¯—vbx
Awdmvi‡`i gvb¨ Ki“K| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb evsMvjx Uªycm‡K we‡`ªvn Kivi
Bw½Z w`‡qwQ‡jb| G¸‡jvi Abymi‡Y ciw`b miKvi cwiPvjbvq AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi wb‡`©kvejx Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj| ms‡¶‡c ej‡Z †M‡j ejv hvq, wZwb
miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y `Lj K‡iwQ‡jb| ev¯—‡e GKwU mgvš—ivj miKvi cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj|
Pvi `dv `vwe c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖwZwU gnj †_‡K m¦Zt¯dyZ© mg_©b
†c‡qwQj, cwðg cvwK¯—v‡biI wKQy ivRbxwZK Zv mg_©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
Aby‡cÖiYv †hvMvq bvB ev D™¢y× K‡i bvB, ei m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ mKj‡K Db¥v`bv
cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj | ‡mB†nZy 7B gv‡P©i fvlYwUi c~Y© weeiY wb‡gœ cÖ`vb Kiv nBj
ej‡jb †`‡k kvmbZš¿ †`‡ebÐ Avgiv †g‡b wbjvg| Zvici A‡bK BwZnvm
n‡q †Mj, wbe©vPb ‡nvj| ‡cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡n‡ei m‡½ †`Lv K‡iwQ|
Avwg, ïay evsjvi bq cvwK¯—v‡bi †gRwiwU cvwU©i †bZv wnmv‡e Zv‡K Aby‡iva
K‡iwQjvg 15B ‡deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L Avgv‡`i RvZxq cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb
w`‡Z| wZwb Avgvi K_v ivL‡jb bv, ivL‡jb fy‡Æv mv‡n‡ei K_v| wZwb
ej‡jb, gvP© gv‡m cÖ_g mßv‡n mfv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg wVK Av‡Q,
Avgiv G‡mgwe−‡Z em‡ev| Avwg ejjvg, G‡mgwe−i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv KieÐ
GgbwK G ch©š— ejjvg, hw` †KD b¨vh¨ K_v e‡j, Avgiv msL¨vq †ekx
n‡jI GK R‡bi g‡ZI hw` Zv b¨vh¨ K_v nq, Avgiv †g‡b †be|
fy‡Æv mv‡ne GLv‡b XvKvq G‡mwQ‡jb, Av‡jvPbv Ki‡jb| e‡j
†M‡jb Av‡jvPbvi `iRv eÜ bq, Av‡iv Av‡jvPbv n‡e| Zvici Ab¨vb¨
†bZv‡`i m‡½ Avgiv Av‡jvPbv Kijvg Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ‰Zwi Ki‡evÐ
mevB Avmyb emyb| Avgiv Avjvc K‡i kvmbZš¿ ‰Zwi Kie| wZwb ej‡jb,
cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi †g¤¦i hw` Av‡m Zvn‡j KmvBLvbv n‡e G‡mgwe−| wZwb
ej‡jb, †h †h hv‡e Zv‡`i †g‡i †d‡j †`qv n‡e| hw` ‡KD G‡mgwe−‡Z
Av‡m †c‡kvqvi †_‡K KivPx ch©š— †Rvi K‡i eÜ Kiv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg,
G‡mgwe− Pj‡e| Avi nVvr 1 ZvwiL G‡mgwe− eÜ K‡i †`qv nj|
Bqvwnqv Lvb ‡cÖwm‡W›U wnmv‡e G‡mgwe− †W‡KwQ‡jb| Avwg ejjvg,
Avwg hv‡ev| f~‡Æv ej‡jb, hv‡eb bv| 35 Rb m`m¨ cwðg cvwK¯—vb †_‡K
GLv‡b G‡jb| Zvici nVvr eÜ K‡i †`Iqv †nvj, †`vl †`Iqv n‡jv evsjvi
gvby‡li, †`vl †`Iqv n‡jv Avgv‡K| †`‡ki gvbyl cÖwZev` gyLi n‡q DVj|
Avwg ejjvg, Avcbviv kvwš—c~Y©fv‡e niZvj cvjb Ki“b| Avwg
ejjvg, Avcbviv KjKviLvbv me wKQy eÜ K‡i †`b| RbMY mvov w`j|
Avcb B”Qvq RbMY iv¯—vq †ewi‡q co‡jv, msMªvg Pvwj‡q hvevi Rb¨
cÖwZÁve× †nvj| Avwg ejjvg, Avgiv Rvgv ‡Kbvi cqmv w`‡q A¯¿ †c‡qwQ
ewntkµyi AvµgY †_‡K †`k‡K i¶v Kievi Rb¨, AvR †mB A¯¿ Avgvi
†`‡ki MixeÐ`ytLx gvby‡li wei“‡× ÐÐÐÐZvi ey‡Ki Dci n‡”Q ¸wj| Avgiv
cvwK¯—v‡b
msL¨v¸i“Ð Avgiv †deªyqvwi iv hLbB ¶gZvq hvevi †Póv K‡iwQ ZLbB Zviv
Avgv‡`i Dci Svwc‡q c‡o‡Q|
Avwg e‡jwQjvg, †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb mv‡ne, Avcwb cvwK¯—v‡bi
†cÖwm‡W›U, †`‡L hvb wKfv‡e Avgvi Mix‡ei Dci, Avgvi evsjvi gvby‡li
ey‡Ki Dci ¸wj Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKfv‡e Avgvi gv‡qi †Kvj Lvwj Kiv n‡q‡Q,
wK K‡i gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q, Avcwb Avmyb, Avcwb †`Lyb| wZwb ej‡jb
Avwg 10 Zvwi‡L ivDÛ ‡Uwej Kbdv‡iÝ WvK‡ev|
75
Avwg e‡jwQ , wK‡mi G‡mgwe− em‡e; Kvi m‡½ K_v ej‡ev? Avcbviv
Avgvi gvby‡li ey‡Ki i³ wb‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i m‡½ K_v eje ? cvuP N›Uvi
†Mvcb ‰eV‡K mg¯— †`vl Zviv Avgv‡`i Dci, evsjvi gvby‡li Dci
w`‡q‡Qb|`vqx Avgiv!
25 ZvwiL G‡mgwe− †W‡K‡Q| i‡³i `vM ïKvq bvB| 10 Zvwi‡L
e‡jwQ, i‡³ cvov w`‡q, knx‡`i Dci cvov w`‡q G‡mgwe− †Lvjv Pj‡e bv|
mvgwiK AvBb gvk©vjÐ jÕ withdraw Ki‡Z n‡e| mg¯— mvgwiK evwnbxi
†jvK‡`i e¨viv‡Ki wfZi XyK‡Z n‡e| †h fvB‡`i nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i
Z`š— Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwai Kv‡Q ¶gZv n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z
n‡e| Zvici we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡ev Avgiv G‡mgwe−‡Z em‡Z cvi‡ev wK
cvi‡ev bv| Gi c~‡e© G‡mgwe−‡Z Avgiv em‡Z cvwi bv|
Avwg cÖavbgš¿xZ¡ PvB bv| †`‡ki gvby‡li AwaKvi PvB| Avwg cwi¯‹vi
A¶‡i e‡j w`evi PvB †h, AvR †_‡K GB evsjv‡`‡k †KvU© Ð KvPvwi,
Av`vjZІdŠR`vix, wk¶v cÖwZôvb Awbw`©óKv‡ji Rb¨ eÜ _vK‡e| Mix‡ei
hv‡Z Kó bv nq, hv‡Z Avgvi gvbyl Kó bv K‡i †mRb¨ †hmg¯— Ab¨vb¨
wRwbl¸wj Av‡Q, †m¸wji niZvj Kvj †_‡K Pj‡e bv| wi·v, Mi“iMvox, †ij
Pj‡eÐ ïay †m‡µUvwi‡qU, mycÖxg‡KvU©, nvB‡KvU©, RR‡KvU©, †mwg MfY©‡g›U
`ßi, Iqvc`v †KvbwKQy Pj‡e bv| 28 Zvwi‡L Kg©Pvixiv wM‡q †eZb wb‡q
Avm‡eb| Gici hw` †eZb ‡`Iqv bv nq, Gi ci hw` 1 wU ¸wj P‡j, Gici
hw` Avgvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq ІZvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Aby‡iva iBj, cÖ‡Z¨K
N‡i N‡i `~M© M‡o †Zvj| †Zvgv‡`i hv wKQy Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kµi †gvKvwejv
Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges Rxe‡bi Z‡i iv¯—vNvU hv hv Av‡Q mewKQyÐ Avwg hw` ûKzg
w`evi bvI cvwi, †Zvgiv eÜ K‡i ‡`‡e| Avgiv fv‡Z gvi‡ev, Avgiv cvwb‡Z
gvi‡ev| ‰mb¨iv, †Zvgiv Avgvi fvB, †Zvgiv e¨viv‡K _v‡Kv, †Zvgv‡`i †KD
wKQy ej‡e bv| wKš‘ Avi †Zvgiv ¸wj Kievi †Póv K‡iv bv| mvZ †KvwU
gvbyl‡K `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv| Avgiv hLb gi‡Z wk‡LwQ ZLb †KD
Avgv‡`i `vev‡q ivL‡Z cviev bv|
Avi †h mg¯— †jvK knx` n‡q‡Q, AvNvZcÖvß n‡q‡Q Avgiv AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi †_‡K hÏyi cvwi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| hviv cv‡ib AvIqvgx
jxM Awd‡m mvgvb¨ UvKv cqmv †cŠu‡Q †`‡eb| Avi 7 w`b niZv‡j kÖwgK
fvB‡qiv †hvM`vb K‡i‡Q, Ð cÖ‡Z¨K wk‡íi gvwjK Zv‡`i †eZb †cuŠ‡Q
†`‡eb| miKvix Kg©Pvix‡`i ewj, Avwg hv ewj Zv gvb‡Z n‡e| †h ch©š—
Avgvi GB †`‡ki gyw³ bv n‡”Q, ZZw`b Iqvc`v U¨v· eÜ K‡i †`Iqv n‡jvÐ
†KD †`‡e bv| ïbyb, g‡b ivLyb, kµy wcQ‡b Xy‡K‡Q, wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨
AvZ¥Kjn m„wó Ki‡e, jyUZivR Ki‡e| GB evsjvq Ð wn›`yÐgymjgvb hviv
Av‡Q Avgv‡`i fvB, †deªyqvwi , A†deªyqvwi ÐÐÐÐ Zv‡`i i¶v Kivi `vwqZ¡
76
GB ¶‡Yi K_v KíYv wPš—v KwiqvB nqZ Kwe myKvš— fÆvPvh© eû ermi c~‡e©
`yg©i
ÐmyKvš— fÆvPvh©
wngvjq †_‡K my›`ieb, nVvr evsjv‡`k
‡Ku‡c †Ku‡c I‡V cÙvi D”Qv‡m,
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79
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81
(c„t 229Ð230) t
“ Later in the evening of the same day I met him at his house.
When I entered into his room he told me ‘I have done my duty, now
you do yours’. He meant, he had given the call for independence
also and there was nothing more he could do. He looked very
exhausted and seriously apprehended that he would be arrested
and finished on that day. Depsite all the contradictions, Mujib’s
speech on March 7, gained historical importance. When the
Bengalis finally entered the armed struggle to liberate their country
82
WvKÕ w`qvwQ‡jb Ges 26†k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i wZwb Ôm¦vaxbZvi †NvlYvÕ cÖ`vb
KwiqvwQ‡jb|
1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i fviZxq mgq weKvj cvuP NwUKvq fvi‡Zi
16B wW‡m¤¦i Gi GKwU †gvUvgywU Pv¶ym weeiY cvIqv hvq Siddiq Salik
Niazi did not comment. The obvious question was whether he was to
be received or resisted. He was already on the threshold of Dacca.
Major-General Farman asked General Niazi, ‘Have you any
reserves ?’ Niazi again said nothing. Rear-Admiral Shariff,
translating it in Punjabi, said: ‘Kuj Palley hai’? (Have you anything
in the kitty?) Niazi looked to Jamshed, the defender of Dacca, who
shook his head sideways to signify ‘nothing.’ ‘If that is the case, then
go and do what he (Nagra) asks,’ Farman and Shariff said almost
simultaneously.
General Niazi sent Major-General Jamshed to receive Nagra.
He asked our troops at Mirpur Bridge to respect the cease-fire and
allow Nagra a peaceful passage. The Indian General entered Dacca
with a handful of soldiers and a lot of pride. That was the virtual fall
of Dacca. It fell quietly like a heart patient. Neither were its limbs
chopped nor its body hacked. It just ceased to exist as an
independent city. Stories about the fall of Singapore, Paris or Berlin
were not repeated here.
Meanwhile, Tactical Headquarters of Eastern Command was
wound up. All operational maps were removed. The main
headquarters were dusted to receive the Indians because, as
Brigadier Baqar said, ‘It is better furnished.’ The adjoining oficers’
mess was warned in advance to prepare additional food for the
‘guests’. Baqar was very good at administration.
K) gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wgKv t
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†cÖwiZ cÖwZ‡e`b gvidr cvIqv hvq| mf¨ RMZ me©cÖ_g GB MYnZ¨vi weeiY
Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv wknwiqv D‡V (`wjjcÎ, 2q LÛ c„t 788Ð792), Z‡e Bnv cÖK…Z
GENOCIDE IN BANGLADESH
SOME EYE-WITNESS ACCOUNTS
“ HOW DACCA PAID FOR A ‘UNITED’ PAKISTAN”
Report by Simon Dring of Daily Telegraph, London.
But the first target as the tanks rolled into Dacca on the night
of Thursday, March 25, seems to have been the students.
An estimated three battalions of troops were used in the
attack on Dacca-one of armoured, one of artillery and one of
infantry. They started leaving their barracks shortly before 10 p.m.
By 11, firing had broken out and the people who had started to
erect makeshift barricades-overturned cars, three stumps,
furniture, concrete piping-became early casualties.
Sheikh Mujibur was warned by telephone that something was
happening, but he refused to leave his house. “If I go into hiding
they will burn the whole of Dacca to find me”, he told an aide who
escaped arrest.
The students were also warned, but those who were still around
later said that most of them thought they would only be arrested.
Led by American supplied M-24 World War II tanks, one column of
troops sped to Dacca University shortly after midnight. Troops
tookover the British Council Liberary and used it as a fire base from
which to shell nearby dormitory areas.
Caught completely by surprise, some 200 students were killed
in Iqbal Hall, headquarters of the militantly anti-government
student’s union, I was told. Two days later, bodies were still
smouldering in burnt-out rooms, others were scattered outside,
more floated in a nearby lake, an art student lay sprawled across
his easel.
The military removed many of the bodies, but the 30 bodies
till there could never have accounted for all the blood in the
corridors of Iqbal Hall.
At another hall, reportedly, soldiers buried the dead in a
hastily dug mass grave which was then bull-dozed over by tanks.
People living near the university were caught in the fire too, and 200
yards of shanty houses running alongside a railway line were
destroyed.
Army Patrols also razed nearby market area. Two days later,
when it was possible to get out and see all this, some of the market’s
stall-owners were still lying as though asleep, their blankets pulled
up over their shoulders. In the same district, the Dacca Medical
88
There was still heavy shelling in some areas, but the fighting
was beginning to slacken noticeably. Opposite the Intercontinental
Hotel Platoon of troops stored the empty office of “The People”
newspaper burning it down along with most houses in the area and
killing the night watchman.
City lies silent
Shortly before dawn most firing had stopped, and as the sun
came up an eerie silence settled over the city, deserted and
completely dead except for noise of the crows and the occasional
convoy of toops or two or three tanks rumbling by mopping up.
At noon, again without warning, columns of troops poured
into the old section of the city where more than 1 million people
lived in a sprawling maze of narrow, winding streets.
For the next 11 hours, they devastated large areas of the “old
town” as it is called, where Sheikh Mujibur had some of his
strongest support in Dacca English Road, French Road, Niar Bazar,
City Bazar were burned to the ground.
“They suddenly appeared at the end of the street”, said one
old man living in French Niar Bazar area. “Then they drove down it,
firing into all the houses”.
The lead unit was followed by soldiers carrying cans of
gasoline. Those who tried to escape were shot. Those who stayed
were burnt alive. Abut 700 men, women and children died there
that day between noon and 2 p.m. I was told.
The pattern was repeated in at least three other areas of upto
a half square mile or more. Police stations in the old town were also
attacked.
Constables killed
“I am looking for my constables”, a police inspector said on
Saturday morning as he wandered through the ruins of one of the
bazars. “I have 240 in my district, and so far I have only found 30 of
them- all dead.
In the Hindu area of the old town, the soldiers reportedly
made the people come out of their houses and shot them in groups.
This area, too was eventually razed.
90
Curfew lifted
Silent and unsmiling they passed and saw what the army has
done. They looked the other way and kept on walking. Down near
one of the markets a shot was heard. Within seconds, 2,000 people
were running; but it had only been someone going to join the lines
already forming to turn in weapons.
Government offices remained almost empty. Most employees
were leaving for their villages ignoring the call to go back to work.
Those who were not fleeing wandered aimlessly around the smoking
debris, lifting blackened and twisted sheets of corrugated iron (used
in most shanty areas for roofing) to savage from the ashes what they
could.
Nearly every other car was either taking people out into the
countryside or flying a red cross and conveying dead and wounded
to the hospitals.
In the middle of it all occasional convoys of troops would
appear, the soldiers peering—equally unsmiling—down the muzzles
of their guns at the silent crowds. On Friday night as they pulled
back to their barracks they shouted “Narai Takbir”, an old Persian
war cry meaning “We have won the war”. On Saturday when they
spoke it was to shout “Pakistan Zindabad—Long live Pakistan”.
Fast-selling Flags
Most people took the hint. Before the curfew was reimposed
the two hottest-selling items on the market were gasoline and the
national flag of Pakistan. As if to protect their property in their
absence, the last thing a family would do before they looked up their
house would be to raise the flag.
At 4 o’clock Staurday afternoon, the streets emptied again.
The troops reappeared and silence fell one more over Dacca. But
firing broke out again almost immediately. “Anybody out after four
will be shot”, the radio had announced earlier in the day.
A small boy running across the street outside the
Intercontinental Hotel two minutes after the curfew fell was stopped,
slapped four times in the face by an officer and taken away in a
jeep.
The night watchman at the Dacca Club, a bar left over from
the colonial days, was shot when he went to shut the gate of the
92
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96
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98
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mK‡jB Zuvnvi mZK©Zv evYx Dcjwä Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQ‡jb| GB Kvi‡YB bZyb †Kvb
wb‡`©k ev †NvlYv e¨wZ‡i‡KB K¨v‡Þb iwdK, K¨v‡Þb nvi“b, K¨v‡Þb f~uBqv, †gRi
25‡k gvP© w`evMZ ivwÎ 1 Uvq msMªvg cwil` Awd†m Avwmqv cÖwZ‡iva msMªv‡gi
Rb¨ cywjk Avbmv‡ii A¯¿k¯¿ RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ weZiY K‡ib| †g‡nicy‡ii GmwWI
MvwRDj nK ¯’vbxq QvÎ RbZv‡K m‡½ jBqv mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva Avi¤¢ K‡ib|
evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î 26‡k gvP© nB‡Z cÖPÛ mk¯¿ª cÖwZ‡iva Avi¤¢ nBqv wMqvwQj|
Avi¤¢ Kwiqv w`qvwQj| 26‡k gvP© mKv‡jB †ZŠwdKÐBÐ Bjvnx †PŠayix mvgwiK
99
mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ fviZxq KZ„©c‡¶i mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges 31†k gvP©
`xN© gvme¨vwc Zvnvi AvnŸvb evsjv‡`‡ki mKj ¯—‡ii gvbyl‡K m¦vaxbZv AR©‡bi
j‡¶ gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ Kwievi Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯—yZ Kwi‡Z cvwiqvwQj|
evsjvi gvbyl cÖgvY KwiqvwQj †h e½eÜy †kL gywR‡ei wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Zvnv‡`i
hvnvi hvnv wKQy wQj Zvnv jBqvB Zvnviv gyw³hy‡×i Rb¨ cÖ¯—yZ nBqvwQj| Zvnviv
gnxi“n m`„k Zvnv‡`i e½eÜy†K fvjevmvi wb`k©b m¦iƒc wek¦Kwe iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii
Avk¼v I KlvNvZ ÔmvZ †KvwU evOvwj‡i †n gy» Rbbx †i‡LQ evOvwj K‡i gvbyl
KiwbÕ AmZ¨ cÖgvY KwiqvwQj| Aek¨ BnvI mZ¨ †h 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i †mB
AeY©bxq fq¼i g~û‡Z©I e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb wb‡Ri `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨ cvj‡b
e¨_© nb bvB, wZwb wewfbœ gva¨‡g m¦vaxbZvi †NvlYv RbM‡Yi wbKU ‡cŠQvBevi e¨e¯’v
KwiqvwQ‡jb| Zuvnv‡K wNwiqvB evsjv‡`‡ki mv‡o mvZ ‡KvwU gvby‡li m¦vaxbZv Kvgbv
weg~Z¨© nBqv I‡V| we‡k¦i BwZnv‡m Bnv GKwU Abb¨ mvaviY NUbv|
‡Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv 25‡k gv‡P©i Mfxi iv‡Î XvKv nB‡Z KivPx †cuŠQvb|
BwZg‡a¨ †kL gywRe 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv
26‡k gvP© mܨvq †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv KivPx nB‡Z wb‡æv³ fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
100
them on the tremendous restraint that they have shown in the face
of grave provocation. Their sense of discipline is indeed
praiseworthy. I am proud of them.
Reasonable Solution
A‡hŠw³Kfv‡e wbg©g hy× PvcvBqv w`evi †Lvuov ARynvZ H fvl‡Y e¨³ Kiv
wbixn gvby‡li Dci Pig wbh©vZb PvjvBevi DmKvbx cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q| Bqvwnqvi H
†`‡k Ae¯’vb Kiv gvby‡li c‡¶ Av‡iv Am¤¢e nBqv D‡V| GB iKg KwVb
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e½eÜyi my‡hvM¨ mnKgx©MY 1971 m‡bi 10B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L gyw³hy×
(A‡av‡iLv cª`Ë)
e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb †h 1971 m‡bi 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L XvKvq
lô `dvq eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q| e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb KZ„©K evsjv‡`‡ki
nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e GBiƒc wm×vš— cÖ`vb K‡i| †h‡nZy e½eÜy 1971 m‡bi
`„p cÖZ¨q jBqv GKwU cÖevmx mve©‡fŠg m¦vaxb MYcÖRvZwš¿K evsjv‡`k miKvi
1971 m‡bi 13 B GwcÖj Zvwi‡L MwVZ nq| m¦vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª nB‡Z GB
miKvi MV‡bi msev` †NvlYv Kiv nq| GB msµvš— cÖwZ‡e`b wbæiƒc (`wjjcÎ t
evOvwj ‰mb¨MY, cywjk ewnbx Ges gyw³ evwnbxi m`m¨MY evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b
†K›`ªxqfv‡e GKwU k„•Ljv I Kgv‡Ûi AvIZvq jBqv Av‡m| †mB j‡¶ evsjv‡`k
miKvi evsjv‡`k‡K K‡qKwU †m±‡i fvM Kwiqv cÖwZwU †m±i Gi Rb¨ GKRb Kwiqv
AwabvqK wb‡qvM cÖ`vb K‡i| ZvnvQvov, Colonel M.A.G. Osmani ‡K gyw³ †dŠR Gi
107
General Officer Commanding-in-Chief wb‡qvM cÖ`vb Kiv nq| mswk−ó msev`wU wbæiƒc
A¯nvqx miKvi KZ„©K gyw³ Gwkvqvb †iKW©viÐ †g 14Ð20, 14B GwcÖj 1971|
evwnbxi cybM©Vb t K‡Y©j 1971
Imgvbx‡K me©vwabvqK c‡`
wb‡qvM|
nBqv †M‡j cÖPÛ Av‡›`vjb Avi¤¢ nq| mvgwiK Rvš—v GKw`‡K Av‡jvPbv Ae¨vnZ
iv‡L, Ab¨w`‡K 22‡k †deªyqvwii ci nB‡ZB cÖwZw`b ‰mb¨`j I mvgwiK ik` cwðg
cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z c~e©v‡j Avwm‡Z _v‡K| 6B gvP© Zvwi‡Li GK †NvlYvq 25‡k gvP©
RvZxq msm‡`i Awa‡ekb Avnevb Kiv nq| wKš‘ 25‡k gv‡P©i GK †NvlYvq msm`
Awa‡ekb c~bivq ¯’wMZ Kwiqv †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv mš—c©‡b KivPx cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|
Gw`‡K MYnZ¨v Avi¤¢ nq Ges 26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i †kL gywRe evsjv‡`‡ki
m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv K‡ib| Bnvi wKQy¶‡bi g‡a¨B mvgwiK Rvš—v Zvnv‡K †MªdZvi
K‡i|
gywR‡ei cÖZ¨¶ †bZ„‡Z¡ Avi¤¢ nq| 6 `dvi `vexi wfwˇZB AvIqvgx jxM wbe©vP‡b
wbi¼yk weRq jvf K‡i| gvP© gv‡mi m¦vaxbZv msMªvg Zuvnvi †bZ„‡Z¡B av‡c av‡c
AvMvBqv hvq| Zvunvi AvKw¯§K ‡Mªßv‡i m¦fveZB AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„‡Z¡ GKwU
weivU ïb¨Zvi m„wó nq| †bZ„‡Z¡i †mB m¼U ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i †bZ„‡Z¡ †kL
gywR‡ei mnKg©xMY AZ¨š— `¶Zv I weP¶YZvi mwnZ †gvKvwejv K‡ib| gvÎ `yB
miKvi MVb K‡ib Ges m¦vaxbZvi hy× cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MªnY
K‡ib|
`ytmg‡q GB AwZ Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨ gyw³ †dŠR MVb I hy× cwiPvjbvq Zvnviv
`¶Zvi cwiPqB w`qv wQ‡jb| Zvnviv wb‡R‡`i wb‡f©Rvj I HKvwš—K cÖ‡Póv Øviv
26‡k gvP© evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i gvbwP‡Î GKwU m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª wnmv‡e
c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bMœZg MYnZ¨v I me©cÖKvi AZ¨vPvi wbcxob Avi¤¢ KiZt evOvwj
RvwZ‡K wbt‡k‡l Kwi‡Z Avi¤¢ KwiqvwQj| GB Amnbxq Ae¯’vq evOvwj RvwZ i“wLqv
c~e©‡`k 5Ð5Ð1971
bqv mvgªvR¨ev`x Pµvš— bm¨vr Kivi Rb¨
kvn& AvwR‡Ri Avnevb
wei“‡× bvbv iKg Awf‡hvM DÌvcb K‡iI †Kvb iKg mvov cvIqv hvqwb|
gvby‡li †`k‡cÖ‡gi wbðqZv cwigv‡ci†Kvb hš¿†bB e‡j wZwb Rvbvb|
‡`‡ki msnwZ webó Kivi Rb¨ 25‡k gv‡P©i Av‡M hviv cÖ‡Póv
Pvwj‡qwQ‡jv †`k†cÖwgK mk¯¿ evwnbx Zv‡`i †m cÖ‡Póv bm¨vr K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
fviZ cvwK¯Zv‡bi Af¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i†h RNb¨, n¯Z‡¶c Ki‡Q wZwb Zvi
Zxeª wb›`v cÖKvk K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb fviZ Avš—R©vwZK mg¯Z wewa wb‡la
j•Nb K‡i‡Q| fvi‡Zi eÜy‡Z¡i gy‡Lvk we‡k¦i Kv‡Q aiv c‡o †M‡Q| fviZ
hv‡Z cvwK¯Zv‡bi Af¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i n¯Z‡¶c bv K‡i †m Rb¨ wZwb
ûuwkqvi evYx D”PviY K‡ib| bqv mvgªvR¨ev` fviZ‡K aŸsm Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
†`k †cÖwgK‡`i me iKg mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi Rb¨ kvn AvwRRyi
ingvb RbM‡Yi cÖwZ Av‡e`b Rvwbq‡Qb|
Ðc~e©‡`k, 5 †g, 1971|
e¨envi Ki‡Zv|
Љ`wbK cvwK¯Zvb, 9 RyjvB, 1971|
Avkv Kiv hvq| wegvbe›`‡i fy‡Æv‡K m¤¦a©bv Rvbv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvMZ wecyj
msL¨K wccjm cvwU© Kgx© Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgx I Aa¨vcK †Mvjvg AvR‡gi
wei“‡× †k−vMvb †`q| mg‡eZ RvgvZ Kgx©ivI cvëv †k−vMvb †`q|
Љ`wbK cvwK¯Zvb, 24 b‡f¤¦i, 1971|
Mªnb K‡i‡Q Kwiqv‡Q, hvnv‡`i ¯§„wZ Avgiv AZ¨š— kÖ×vf‡i Mfxi ggË¡‡eva wb‡q
m¥iY Kwi, †Zgwb GB †`‡k gxiRvdi Ges Zvnvi DËimyixMYI Rb¥ jBqv‡Q Ges
Zvnviv cÖwZ c‡` c‡` †`‡ki m¦vaxbZv mg¥vb weKvBqv w`qv wMqv‡Q| hvnvi g~j¨
†h¯’v‡b 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx AvZ¥mgc©Y KwiqvwQj †mB
¯’vbwU HwZnvwmK M‡Y¨ D³ ¯’vb nB‡Z mKj ¯’vcbv AcmviY KiZt msi¶Y
26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i Ges kµ‡mbv AvZ¥mgc©Y KwiqvwQj 16B wW‡m¤¦i|
26‡k gvP© gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nBqv 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L Zvnv mvdj¨gwÛZfv‡e mgvwß
mgvw߇Z Avgiv GKwU m¦vaxb evOvwj ivóª jvf Kwi hvnvi bvg Ôevsjv‡`kÕ|
†Rbv‡ij m¤¦‡Ü D‡j−L Kiv nBqv‡Q ïaygvÎ ZvnvivB H gnvb weR‡qi GKgvÎ
Kzwkje b‡nb| cÖK…Z c‡¶ hy‡×i bqgv‡m †h AMwYZ gvbe mš—vb wbg©gfv‡e cÖvY
wemR©b w`qv‡Qb Zvnviv mK‡jB gyw³hy‡×i DcwRe¨, Zvnviv wb‡Riv jvk nBqv,
K¼vj nBqv weRq w`e‡mi BwZnvm wewbg©vY Kwiqv‡Qb| Zvnviv wb‡R‡`i Rxeb
wemR©b w`qv BwZnvm nBqv‡Qb| AMYxZ evOvwj bvix Zvnv‡`i måg I Rxeb wemR©b
w`qv‡Qb| AMYxZ Zi“b, Zi“Yx, hyeK, QvÎ, K…lK, kÖwgK hvnv‡`i hy× m¤¦‡Ü
119
Zvnv‡`i mg¥y‡L GK fqven hy× A‡c¶v Kwi‡ZwQj| wKš‘ Zvnviv Rxe‡bi cÖwZ
Av‡`Š m¦vaxb nB‡e wK bv ev Zvnviv hy× nB‡Z Av‡`Š wdwi‡Z cvwi‡eb wKbv wKQyB
Zvnviv Rvwb‡Zb bv, me wKQyB AwbwðZ wQj| †`‡ki Rb¨ Zvnv‡`i wbtm¦v_© GB
fvjevmv hy³iv‡óªi m¦vaxbZv hy‡×i ‰mwbK‡`i g‡a¨I †`Lv hvq bv| RR©
IqvwksUb‡K Zuvnvi ‰mb¨‡`i †mbvevwnbx nB‡Z cjvqb i¶v Kwi‡Z h‡_ó †eM
cvB‡Z nBqvwQj| A_P gyw³ hy‡× Ask MªnY Kwievi Rb¨ nvRvi nvRvi evOvwj Zi“Y
m¦Ztù~Z© fv‡e †hvM`vb KwiZ| Zvnv‡`i †mB wbtm¦v_© m‡ev©”P Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q
evOvwj RvwZ evsjv‡`k bv‡g GKwU m¦vaxb f~LÛ, GKwU RvZxq cZvKv I RvZxq
m½xZ cÖvß nBqv GKwU m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e BwZnv‡m GB me©cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i|
w`em‡K HwZnvwmK ejv hvB‡e| GgbwK hvnviv evOvwj nBqvI Avgv‡`i GB gnvb
BwZnv‡mi Ask |
Kwi‡Z nB‡j ïaygvÎ Dc‡ii eY©bv G‡Kev‡iB h‡_ó bq| Avgv‡`i Kx †cÖ¶vc‡U
miKvi MVb Ges AvbyôvwbK m¦vaxbZv †NvlYv nBj, Kxfv‡e gyw³ msMªvg
cÖvwZôvwbK iƒc cvBj Zvnvi mKj NUbvejx wKQyUv nB‡jI Avgv‡`i Rvwb‡Z nB‡e|
Avgv‡`i Aek¨B we‡ePbv Kwi‡Z nB‡e evsjvi gvbyl cvwK¯—vb m¦vaxb Kwi‡jI
ïaygvÎ wb‡R‡`i m¦vqZ¡kvmb `vex Kwievi Aciv‡a Kxfv‡e MYnZ¨vi m¦xKvi nB‡Z
KsKvj nBqv BwZnv‡mi Ask nBqv‡Q| Zvnv‡`i ev` w`qv weRq w`e‡mi HwZnvwmKZv
wb‡æi MYnZ¨v I wbh©vZ‡bi eY©bv cÖK…Z NUbvi Zyjbvq gvÎ mvgvb¨ Ask
nB‡jI bgybv wnmv‡e Avgiv we‡ePbvq jBe| D‡j−L¨ †h ewY©Z wewfbœ NUbvejx
1971 m‡bi 25/26 gvP© gv‡mi ga¨ivwÎ nB‡Z evsjv‡`‡k †h MYnZ¨v Avi¤¢
‘The gates of hell had been cast open’ | H GKB mgqKvi NUbv jBqv Lt. General
AAK Niazi Zvnvi ‘The Betrayal of East Pakistan’ cy¯—‡K †j‡Lb ‘The military action
was a display of stark cruelty, more merciless than the massacres at Bukhara and Baghdad
by Chandgez Khan and Halaku Khan, or at Jallianwala Bagh by the British General Dyer.
al©Y cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK evwnbx PvjvBqvwQj Zvnvi †Kvb bwRi c„w_exi BwZnv‡m bvB|
GB mKj RNY¨ Aciva msNwUZ nBqvwQj Bmjv‡gi bv‡g, cvwK¯—vb i¶vi bv‡g
16B wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`e‡m m¦fveZB Avgiv Avb‡›` D‡ØwjZ nB wKš‘ †mB
¸jx †kl K‡i ee©i cïiv g„Z †`‡ni Dci jvw_ †g‡iwQj Ges
nv‡m‡gi †Kvg‡o ey‡Ui cÖPÛ evwo gv‡i| Zvici Zviv †mLvb †_‡K m‡i
†h‡ZB nv‡kg D‡V `vuuovq Ges Qy‡U wZbZjvq †h‡q `iRv eÜ K‡i| Zvi
mg¯— Rvgvq i³ †j‡M †M‡QÐ †m eyS‡Z cviwQj bv Zvi †Kv_vq ¸jx
†j‡M‡Q| Rvgv Ly‡j nv‡kg Zvi kixiUv cix¶v K‡i †`‡L †h ¸jx jv‡M wb|
Avwg nv‡kg‡K wRÁvmv Kivq e‡jwQj †h †m Nyg KvZy‡i Ges hLb `iRvq
Kwjs †ej evRvq, gvÎ ZLb Zvi Nyg fv‡½ Ges Avgiv †KD †ej evRvw”Q
g‡b K‡i †m Ny‡gi †Nv‡i `iRv ‡Lv‡j|
Lyj‡ZB †mbv evwnbxi †jvK mv¶vr Rg`~‡Zi gZ ga¨ eqmx †MvjMvj
nv‡k‡gi Rvgvi Kjvi †P‡c a‡i e‡jÐ Ô‡Zvg cÖ‡dmi †nv?Õ nv‡kg e‡j D‡V,
ÔRvg©vb mveKv bIKi ûuÕ| wb‡g‡l Zv‡`i K‡qKRb d¬¨v‡U Xy‡K c‡o| †h
Zvi Kjvi a‡iwQ‡jv †m c‡K‡U nvZ w`‡q e‡j, ÔRq evsjvKv †dv‡Uv n¨vq?Õ
Zvi c‡K‡U K‡qKUv †eZ‡bi GKkÕ UvKvi †bvU wQj| Rvg©vb cÖ‡dmi
nv‡kg‡K Zvi AvMvgx wZb gv‡mi †eZb w`‡q e¨v¼K P‡j wM‡qwQj|
‡bvU ¸‡jv nv‡Z wb‡q Qyu‡o ‡d‡j †`q †g‡S‡Z| e‡j Ôkvjv †Zvg
i“wc‡q †j‡K †Kqv K‡iv‡M, Avwf †Zvg‡K ¸jx K‡i‡½Õ| e‡jB wno wno K‡i
I‡K bx‡P bvwg‡q Av‡b Ges `yRb I‡K a‡i iv‡L| Gi ciB †m †`L‡Z cvq
gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡ne Ges Zuuvi evmvi Ab¨vb¨‡`i a‡i wb‡q Avm‡Z| k¦¦kª“avix
gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡ne D”Pm¦‡i Kjgv cowQ‡jbÐGgb mgq Dbv‡K P‡cUvNvZ
K‡i GK cvÄvex ‰mb¨| Gi ci gyû‡Z© ¸jx Kiv nq ! ‡mB nv‡kg hLb
g„Zy¨i nvZ †_‡K Qy‡U G‡m `g †d‡jwQj ZLb Avevi ïb‡Z cvq wewìsÐG
wgwjUvix Avmvi kã| Gi wKQy c‡i †K †hb Zvi d¬¨v‡Ui `iRvq KvZiv‡Z
_v‡K| I g‡b K‡iwQj nqZ G wewìsÐGi †KD AvnZ Ae¯nvq `iRvi Kv‡Q
G‡m‡Q| wmuwo‡Z Av‡jv R¡jwQj| nv‡kg Kv‡Vi `iRvi wQ`ªc‡_ †`‡L, GK
‰mb¨ A¯¿ nv‡Z `iRvi cv‡k e‡m Awfbq Ki‡Q| nv‡kg Qy‡U eviv›`vi cÖv‡š—
hvq Ges gkvgvwQ bv †XvKvi cvZjv †bU wKQyUv wQu‡o †d‡j ‰Zix n‡q hvq
wZbZjv †_‡K jvd †`evi R‡b¨| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— cvK †mbviv IB d¬v‡Ui
`iRv fv½vi †Póv K‡iwb| G nv‡k‡gi KvQ †_‡KB ZLwb †kvbv, knx`
wgbv‡ii AfvweZ `„‡k¨i K_v|
‡ejv ZLb `kUvi gZ| nv‡kg e‡j Pj‡jv, Avwg jywK‡q wZbZjv
†_‡K knx` wgbv‡ii w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`LwQÐPviRb cvÄvex ‰mb¨ knx` wgbv‡ii
Ici `vuwo‡q Avgv‡`i wewìs Gi w`‡K gyL K‡i Av‡QÐÐÐGgb mgq wK n‡q
†Mj †mLv‡bÐЇevgv ‡d‡U †Mj, nvZ †evgv| ‡avqv, Avi knx` wgbv‡ii †cQb
w`‡K `y‡Uv †jvK Qy‡U cvwj‡q †Mj| †`Lv †Mj †mgyû‡Z© `yRb ‰mb¨ knx`
wgbvi †_‡K †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri †gv‡oi UªvwdK jvB‡Ui w`‡K †`Š‡o cvjv‡jv|
K‡qK wgwbU c‡iB G‡jv GKUv Mvox| knx` wgbv‡ii Ici c‡owQj `y‡Uv
127
wgwjUvixi jvk| †m MvoxwU giv ‰mb¨ `y‡Uvi A¯¿¸‡jv wb‡q P‡j †Mj|
K‡qK wgwbU ci Avi GKwU Mvox G‡jv Ges jvk `y‡Uv‡K wb‡q P‡j †Mj| †m
w`b wQj 26‡k gvP©, ïµevi| knx` Aa¨vcK gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿xi KvQ
†_‡K ï‡bwQÐ
‡h, 26‡k gv‡P© ïµevi Zvui d¬¨v‡U evi cvu‡PK cvK †mbviv †Xv‡K
Ges ej‡Z _v‡K ÔAvIi GK Av`gx n¨vq I wKavi n¨vq ?Õ Dbviv Rvbvb †h
eo cyi“l gvbyl Avi †KD RxweZ †bB| ZLb Zvuiv mg¯Z Ni ZbœÐZbœ K‡i
†Lvu‡R Ges wRwbl cÎ ZQbQ K‡i †d‡j| nqZ GB Aci GK Av`gx wQj
nv‡kg| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x I nv‡kg GB wewìs Gi wZbZjv †_‡K
RMbœv_ n‡ji gv‡V eyjWRvi w`‡q MZ© K‡i eû g„Z‡`n †m M‡Z© †d‡j w`‡Z
†`‡LwQ‡jb|
iv¾vK mv‡n‡ei m‡½I Mªv‡g GKw`b †`Lv nq, DwbI eyjWRvi w`‡q
MZ© K‡i jvk cyu‡Z †djvi K_v e‡jb| gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei ¯¿x aiv Mjvq
e‡jwQ‡jb, Avwg eviv›`vq `vuwo‡q wQjvg| we‡Kj †ejv Avwg© †MÄx civ 12/14
eQ‡ii Pvi‡U †Q‡j wb‡q G‡m gwbi“¾vgvb mv‡n‡ei jvk Uvwb‡q wb‡q †Mj
M‡Z©i ILv‡b| ZLb †evanq Avi jvk gv‡V wQjbv| †Q‡j PviwU‡K M‡Z©i
cv‡k jvBb K‡i Iiv ¸jx K‡iwQj|
SuvRov ¶Zwe¶Z i³v³ jvk c‡o Av‡Q| Avwg duvwoi wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i
†`Ljvg dvwoi Pvwiw`‡K †`Iqvj nvRv‡iv ¸wji AvNv‡Z SvuRov n‡q Av‡Q|
†`Iqv‡ji Pvwiw`‡K †g‡S‡Z Pvc Pvc i³, ZvRv i³ RgvU n‡q Av‡Q,
†`Ljvg †KD wRf †ei K‡i c‡o Av‡Q, †KD nvZ cv Uvbv w`‡q Av‡Q, cÖwZwU
jv‡ki cweÎ †`‡n AmsL¨ ¸wji AvNvZ| gvbeZvi Aegvbbv I jvÂbvi
exfrm `„k¨ †`‡L Avwg GKwU †VjvMvox‡Z K‡i mKj jvk XvKv wgU‡dvW©
nvmcvZv‡j jvk N‡i †i‡L Avevi †VjvMvox wb‡q kuvLvix evRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i
G‡Kev‡i c~e©w`‡K XvKv RR‡Kv‡U©i †Kv‡Y †nv‡U‡ji msjMœ iv¯Zvq `kwU
dwKi wgmwKb I wiKmvi †givgZKvix wgw¯¿i Dj½ I Aa© Dj½ jvk
DVvjvg| †Kvb wn›`yi jvk Avwg iv¯Zvq cvB bvB| meKqwU jvk gymjgv‡b
wQj| iv¯Zvq c‡o _vKv ¸wj‡Z SuvRov `kwU jvk ‡VjvMvox‡Z Zy‡j Avwg
wgW‡dvW© wb‡q wM‡qwQ| gymjgv‡bi jvk Gfv‡e iv¯Zvq c‡o _vK‡Z †`Iqv
hvq bv| ZvB Avgiv ¯nvbxq QvÎ RbZv mevB wg‡j jvk ¸wj Zy‡j wgU‡dv‡W©
Rgv K‡iwQ| ivRavbx XvKvi me©Î Kvdz© _vKv m‡Z¡I MYnZ¨vi †mB exfrm
`„k¨ †`Lvi Rb¨ QvÎ RbZv iv¯Zvq iv¯Zvq †ei n‡q co‡j cvK‡mbviv
†NvlYv K‡i XvKvq Kvdy© ejer i‡q‡Q †KD iv¯Zvq †ei n‡j ¸wj Kiv n‡e|
cvK‡mbv‡`i G †NvlYvi ci Avgiv m‡i cojvg| w`‡bi †k‡l †ejv cvuPUvi
mgq ZvuwZevRvi, kuvLvix evRvi Ges †KvU© nvDm wóªU GjvKvq cvK †mbviv
Av¸b awi‡q †`q| mv‡_ mv‡_ Pj‡Z _v‡K e„wói gZ Aweivg ¸wj el©Y|
mvivivZ cvK †mbviv ZvuwZevRvi, kuvLvixevRvi I †Mvqvj bMi GjvKvq
Aweivg ¸wj el©Y Ki‡Z _v‡K| 1971 m‡bi 27‡k gvP© †ejv GKUvq mgq
cvK †mbviv bIqvecyi †_‡K Bswjk †iv‡Wi evwYR¨ GjvKvi iv¯—vi `yw`‡Ki
mKj †`vKvbcv‡U Av¸b awi‡q †`q| †ejv wZbUv ch©š— Bswjk †iv‡Wi iv¯—
vi `yw`‡K Av¸b R¡j‡Z _v‡K| Av¸‡bi †mB †jwjnvb wkLvq cvk¦©eZux
GjvKvi RbZv AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ cvjv‡Z _v‡K| cvjv‡Z wM‡q cvK‡mbv‡`i ¸wji
AvNv‡Z A‡b‡K cÖvY nvivq| †ejv wZbUvq cvK †mbviv ZvuwZevRv‡ii evwni
c_ I gvwjev‡Mi cy‡ji cwðg cv‡k¦© wn›`y gw›`‡ii Dci †kwjs K‡i gw›`iwU
aŸsm K‡i †`q| Bswjk †iv‡Wi Av¸b evmv‡ev GjvKv AwZµg K‡i myBcvi
K‡jvbxi w`‡K †a‡q Avm‡Z _vK‡j Avwg myBcvi‡`i K‡jvbxi cvwb wiRvf©
K‡i ivLvi wb‡`©k †`B| cvK †mbv‡`i wWw½‡q mKj myBcvi wg‡j myBcvi
K‡jvbxwU i¶v Kivi Rb¨ AMªmi n‡j Avgiv cvK †mbv‡`i ¸wji gy‡L P‡j
Avwm|1971 mv‡ji 28‡k gvP© mKv‡j †iwWI gvidZ mKj miKvix I
†emiKvix Kg©Pvix‡K Awej‡¤¦ Kv‡R †hvM`vb Ki‡Z n‡e G wb‡`©k †c‡q
ciw`b Avwg mKvj `kUvi mgq XvKv †cŠi mfvq wWDwU wi‡cvU© Ki‡j XvKv
†cŠi mfvi ZrKvjxb Kbmvi‡fwÝ Awdmvi wgt Bw`ªm Avgv‡K †Wvg wb‡q
Awej‡¤¦ XvKvi wewfbœ RvqMvq c‡o _vKv jvk Zy‡j †dj‡Z e‡jb| Bw`Öm
130
mv‡ne AZ¨š— µy×fv‡e ej‡Z _v‡Kb, ÔÔmv‡ne Avwj †ei n‡q co, hw`
evuP‡Z PvI Z‡e XvKvi ivRc_ I wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K jvk †Zvjvi Rb¨ ‡ei
n‡q co| †KD evuP‡e bv KvD‡K ivLv n‡e bv, mevB‡K cvK †mbv‡`i ¸wj
el©‡Y gi‡Z n‡e, mevB‡K KzKz‡ii gZ nZ¨v Kiv n‡eÕÕ| †cŠi mfvi
ZrKvjxb †Pqvig¨vb †gRi mvjvgZ Avjx Lvb k~i Avgv‡`i mv‡_ KzKz‡ii
gZ D‡ËwRZ n‡q, AZ¨š— KK©km¦‡i µy× fv‡e eKvewK Ki‡Z _v‡Kb|
†mLv‡b Avwg, myBcvi B݇c±i AvjvDwÏb, myBcvi B݇c±i KvwjPiY,
myBcvi mycvifvBRvi cvÂvg, myBcvi B݇c±i AvIjv` †nv‡mb Avgiv
cvuPRb Dcw¯nZ wQjvg| Avgv‡K ci‡`kx †Wvg, g›Uy †Wvg,†jgy †Wvg,†Wvg
†Mvjvc Pvb, `ywNjv I gay†Wvg‡K wb‡q XvKv wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZvj †_‡K jvk
Zy‡j m¦vwgevM AvDUK‡j †dj‡Z ejv nq| 1971 m‡bi 29†k gvP© Avgvi `j
XvKv wgU‡dvW© nvmcvZv‡ji jvk Ni †_‡K `yUªvK jvk Zy‡j‡Q| Avgvi `j †h
mKj jvk Zy‡j‡Q Avwg m¦P‡¶ Zv †`‡LwQ| AwaKvskB wQj miKvix Kg©Pvix,
cywjk ,Avbmvi I cvIqvig¨vb‡`i LvKx †cvkvK civ weK…Z jvk | jvk
Zyj‡Z Zyj‡Z ci‡`kx bv‡g Avgvi R‰bK †Wv‡gi nv‡Z GK †lvokx
i“cmxi Dj½ ¶Z we¶Z jvk †`Ljvg, †`Ljvg †mB hyeZxi cweÎ †`‡n
AmsL¨ ¶Z wPý, Zvi eyK †_‡K ¯—b m‡Rv‡i Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q, j¾v¯’vb
¶Z we¶Z n‡q Av‡Q, wcQ‡bi gvsm Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q| nwi‡Yi gZ gvqvfiv
gaygq eo eo †PvL Nywg‡q Av‡Q, mviv‡`‡n m„wóKZ©v †hb `y‡ai mi w`‡q
Ave„Z K‡i w`‡q‡Q, gv_vq Kv‡jv Kv‡jv Pyj Zvi †Kvgi ch©š— j¤¦v n‡q
c‡owQj, Zvi `yB Mv‡j AvNv‡Zi wPý †`Ljvg| ci¶‡YB †`Ljvg `k
eQ‡ii GK wK‡kvixi Dj½ ¶Z we¶Z jvk| Aci“cv i“cmx d‡ji gZ
UKU‡K †Pnviv, mviv †`‡n ey‡j‡Ui AvNvZ| 1971 m‡bi 30‡k gvP© XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †iv‡Kqv nj †_‡K fvicÖvß cvK ‡mbv‡`i †gRi †cŠi mfvq
†Uwj‡dv‡b msev` †`b †iv‡Kqv n‡ji Pvwiw`‡K gvby‡li jv‡ki cPv M‡Ü
†mLv‡b emv hv‡”Q bv, Awej‡¤¦ †Wvg cvwV‡q jvk Zy‡j ‡djv †nvK| Avwg
QqRb †Wvg wb‡q †iv‡Kqv n‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i †iv‡Kqv n‡ji mg¯— K‡¶ Zbœ
Zbœ K‡i Ly‡R †Kvb jvk bv †c‡q PviZjv Qv‡`i Dci wM‡q AvVvi eQ‡ii
R‰bK i“cmx QvÎxi Dj½ jvk †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avgvi mv‡_ `vwqZ¡iZ
R‰bK cvK †mbv‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg G QvÎxi †`‡n ¸wji †Kvb AvNvZ bvB,
†`‡ni †Kvb ¯nv‡b †Kvb ¶Z wPý bvB A_P g‡i wPZ n‡q c‡o Av‡Q †Kb?
†m AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o ej‡jv Avgiv mKj cvK‡mbv wg‡j I‡K al©Y
Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †g‡iwQ| cPvÐdzjv †mB i“cmxi Dj½ †`n c‡o Av‡Q †`Ljvg|
WvMi WvMi †PvL dz‡j †ei n‡q Av‡Q, gv_vi Pyj wbK‡UB wQ‡o †djv
n‡q‡Q, j¾v¯nvb Zvi †cU †_‡K dz†j A‡bK Dc‡i D‡V Av‡Q, †hvwbc_
i³v³| Zvi `yw`‡Ki Mv‡j cï‡`i Kvg‡oi wPý †`Ljvg, e‡¶i ¯—‡b
131
gvby‡li `vu‡Zi `sk‡bi wPý †`Ljvg| Avwg GKwU Pv`i w`‡q jvkwU †X‡K
w`‡q bvwg‡q wb‡q Avwm| †iv‡Kqv n‡ji mv‡f©›U †KvqvU©v‡ii wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek
K‡i cvuPRb gvjx‡`i ¯¿x cwiRb‡`i cvuPwU jvk Ges AvUUv cyi“‡li jvk
(gvjx) †c‡qwQ| jvk †`‡L g‡b n‡jv g„Zy¨i c~e©¶‡Y mevB ï‡q wQj| Avwg
UªvK wb‡q XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkeevoxi †ZZjv †_‡K R‰bK wn›`yy Aa¨vcK,
Zvi ¯¿x I `yB †Q‡ji jvk Zy‡jwQ| ¯nvbxq RbZvi gy‡L Rvb‡Z cvijvg
Zvi `yB †g‡q ey‡jU we× n‡q nvmcvZv‡j Av‡Qb| msM„nxZ jvk m¦vgxevM
AvDUK‡j †d‡j w`‡q Avgiv UªvK wb‡q XvKv eywoM½v b`x‡Z fvmgvb nvZÐcv,
†PvL euvav AmsL¨ hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| Avgiv 30‡k gvP© XvKv eyoxM½v b`x
†_‡K wZbÐUªvK jvkZy‡j m¦vgxevM †d‡jwQ| cvK ‡mbviv Kzwj w`‡q c~‡e©B
†mLv‡b weivU weivU MZ© K‡i ‡i‡LwQj| c‡ii w`b Avgiv †gvnvg¥`cyi
GjvKvi R‡q›U K‡jvbxi wbKU †_‡K mvZwU cPvÐdzjv jvk Zy‡jwQ| BKevj
n‡j Avgiv †Kvb jvk cvB bvB| cvK‡mbviv c~‡e©B BKevj n‡ji jvk
†c‡Uªvj w`‡q R¦vwj‡q fl¥œ K‡i †`q| ew¯— GjvKv †_‡K RMbœv_ n‡j
AvkÖ‡qi Rb¨ Qy‡U Avmv `kRb biÐbvixi ¶ZÐwe¶Z jvk Zy‡jwQ| †divi
c‡_ Avgiv XvKv n‡ji wfZi †_‡K PviRb Qv‡Îi Dj½ jvk Zy‡jwQ| 1971
m‡bi 1jv GwcÖj Avgiv KPy‡¶Z, Wªvg d¨v±ix, †ZRMuvI, Bw›`iv †ivW,
wØZxq ivRavbx GjvKv¯n XvKv wegvb e›`‡ii Af¨š—i, XvKv †ówWqv‡gi
gmwR‡`i c~e© `w¶Y w`K †_‡K K‡qKRb Qv‡Îi cPv jvk Zy‡jwQ| Gici
†_‡K cÖwZw`b Avgiv eywoM½v b`xi cvo †_‡K nvZÐcv, †PvL evuav AmsL¨
hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| iv‡qi evRvi BU‡Lvjvq Avgiv K‡qK nvRvi ev½vjx
hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| wgicyi GK b¤¦i †mKk‡bi iv¯—v cv‡k¦© Qov‡bv,
wQUv‡bv, ev½vjx hye‡Ki jvk Zy‡jwQ| †gvnvg¥`cyi wdwRK¨vj K‡j‡Ri nj
†_‡K `kRb Qv‡Îi ¶ZÐwe¶Z jvk Zy‡jwQ| iv‡qi evRvi iv¯—v, wcjLvbv,
MbKUywj, avbgwÛ, KjvevMvb, KvuVvjevMvb, Gqvi‡cvU© †iv‡Wi cvk¦©eZ©x
GjvKv, †ZRMvI gv`Övmv †_‡K AmsL¨ gvby‡li cPvÐdzjv jvk Zy‡jwQ| A‡bK
jv‡ki nvZÐcv †c‡qwQ gv_v cvB bvB| †g‡q‡`i jvk meB Dj½ I ¶Z
we¶Z †`‡LwQ| wKQyw`b ci Avwg KZ©„c‡¶i wb‡`©k gZ KviLvbvq wM‡q mvabv
Jlavj‡qi gvwjK cÖ‡dmi †hv‡MkP›`ª eveyi †eq‡b‡Ui AvNv‡Z ¶ZÐwe¶Z
i³v³ ZvRv jvk Zy‡j m¦vgxevM †d‡jwQ| cvK cïiv †hv‡Mk eveyi me©m¦
jyÚb K‡i Zv‡K Zvi wbRm¦ Kvgovq e‡¶ †eq‡bU XywK‡q w`‡q wbg©g fv‡e
nZ¨v K‡i †i‡L hvq| c‡i Zvi cweÎ ¶ZÐwe¶Z jvk bx‡P bvwg‡q G‡b
Lv‡Ui Dci †i‡L w`‡qwQj| Avgiv wM‡q †`Ljvg cÖ‡dmi †hv‡Mk eveyi jvk
Rxf †ei K‡i nvÕ K‡i Av‡Q| Mv‡q wQj aywZ Avi †MwÄ|
m¦v¶i/Ð
‡gvt mv‡ne Avjx
19/5/74
132
‡gvnv¤§` mv‡jû¾vgvb
mve B݇c±i Ae cywjk
igbv _vbv, XvKv|
(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 39Ð40)
KvD‡K KzwP KzwP K‡i †K‡U †dj‡Q, KviI †hvwb‡Z †jvnvi iW XywK‡q w`‡”Q,
KviI Mv‡q Av¸b jvwM‡q w`‡q AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U co‡Q| fxZ mš¿¯’ nvRv‡iv
gvbyl ZLb cÖvY f‡q Mªv‡gi w`‡K cvwj‡q hvw”Qj| †h mKj wbixn gvbyl
cvjv‡Z cviwQjbv Zv‡`i‡K wenvixiv wbg©gfv‡e RevB KiwQj| cvK ‡mbviv
G e¨vcK ev½vjx nZ¨vq wenvix‡`i wcQ‡b †_‡K mvnvh¨ KiwQj| 27‡k gvP©
mKv‡j wKQy¶‡bi Rb¨ Kvdy© Zy‡j wb‡j Avwg Avgvi cwievi cwiRb wb‡q
wbivc` AvkÖ‡qi mÜv‡b gxicy‡ii evB‡i hvÎv Kwi| gxicyi Mi“i nvU
AwZµg Kivi mgq Avwg †`Ljvg cvK †mbv‡`i Unj †f` K‡i GKwU Uªv‡K
gwnjv I wkï gxicyi eªx‡Ri w`‡K hvw”QjÐ cvK †mbviv H Uªv‡K Av¸b
awi‡q†`q| Avi `yÕwU hyeZx †g‡q‡K Zv‡`i Rx‡c DwV‡q wb‡q hvq| †g‡q `ÕywU
cvK cï‡`i nv‡Z c‡o cªvYdvUv wPrKv‡i AvZ©bv` KiwQj| Avgiv `~i †_‡K
Mi“i nvU eivei †ev‡iv av‡bi †¶‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQjvg| eû `y`©kv I jvÂbv
†fvM K‡i Avwg AvU w`b cv‡q †nu‡U I †bŠKv †hv‡M †`‡ki evox‡Z †cuvwQ|
m¦v¶i/Ð
‡gvt mv‡jû¾vgvb
7Ð2Ð74
ci‡`kx
wcZvІQvUb †Wvg
myBcvi, miKvix cï nvmcvZvj,
XvKv|
(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 50Ð52)
Avgiv kvLvixevRv‡ii cwðg w`‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i cvUyqvUywj duvwo cvi n‡q
Zvnv‡`i UªvK kuvLvix evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Kij| UªvK †_‡K †b‡g Avgiv
kvLvix evRv‡ii cÖwZwU N‡i N‡i cÖ‡ek KijvgІ`Ljvg gvby‡li jvk bvix
cyi“l, hyeK hyeZx, e„× e„×v, evjK evwjKv, wK‡kvi wkïi wefrm cPv jvk,
Pvwiw`‡K BgviZ mg~n †f‡½ c‡o Av‡Q, †g‡q‡`i AwaKvsk jvk Avwg m¤ú~Y©
DjsM †`Ljvg, †`Ljvg Zv‡`i eyK †_‡K ¯Zb Zy‡j †bIqv n‡q‡Q| KviI
KviI †hvwbc‡_ jvwV XyKv‡bv Av‡Q| eû †cvov, f¯§ jvk †`‡LwQ| cvÄvex
†mbviv cvl‡Ûi gZ jvdv‡Z jvdv‡Z ¸wj el©Y KiwQj, wenvix RbZv kvLvix
evRv‡ii cÖwZwU N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i g~j¨evb AvmevecÎ, †mvbv `vbv jyÚb K‡i
wb‡q hvw”Qj, Avgiv Aweivg ¸wjel©‡Yi gy‡L cÖv‡Yi f‡q `yB UªvK jvk Zy‡j
jvk †Zvjvi Rb¨ †mw`b Avi kvLvixevRv‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi mvnm cvB bvB|
30‡k gvP© mKv‡j Avgvi `j‡K wgje¨vivK †_‡K jvk Zyj‡Z ejv nq| Avwg
wgje¨vivK Nv‡U †cŠimfvi UªvK wb‡q wM‡q †`Ljvg b`xi Nv‡U AmsL¨
gvby‡li jvk Qwo‡q wQwU‡q Av‡Q, eû jvk iwk w`‡q evuav †`Ljvg, cÖwZwU
iwki eÜb Ly‡j cªwZ `‡j `k Rb c‡bi R‡bi jvk †ei Kijvg, me hyeK
†Q‡j I m¦v¯n¨evb evjK‡`i jvk †`Ljvg| cÖwZwU jv‡ki †PvL evuav, nvZ
euvav, k³ K‡i wcQb w`K †_‡K| cÖwZwU jv‡ki gyLgÛj Kv‡jv †`Ljvg
Gwm‡W R¡‡j weK…Z I weKU n‡q Av‡Q| jv‡ki mvg‡b wM‡q Jl‡ai Amn¨ MÜ
†cjvg| jv‡ki †Kvb `j‡K †`Ljvg †gwkbMv‡bi ¸wj‡Z eyK I wcV SuvRiv
n‡q Av‡Q, A‡bK jvk †`Ljvg †eUb I †eq‡b‡Ui AvNv‡Z exfrm n‡q
Av‡Q, Kv‡iv gv_v PyY©ÐwePyY© n‡q gMR †ei n‡q Av‡Q, Kv‡iv KvUv ý` wcÛ
†ei n‡q Av‡Q| b`xi cv‡o QqRb i“cmx hyeZxi exfrm ¶Zwe¶Z, Dj½
jvk †`Ljvg|†PvL evuav nvZ, cv, k³ K‡i evuav, cÖwZwU jvk ¸wji AvNv‡Z
SvuRov, gyLgÛj, e¶, I †hvwbc_ i³v³ ¶Zwe¶Z I exfrm †`Ljvg|
`yBev‡i `yB Uªv‡K Avwg mËiwU jvk DwV‡q ajcyi gqjv wW‡cv‡Z †d‡jwQ|
Gici Avgv‡K m`iNvU, k¨vgevRvi, ev`vgZjx NvU †_‡K jvk Zyj‡Z ejv
nq| Avwg Dc‡iv³ GjvKvi b`x NvU †_‡K cPv jvk Zy‡j ajcyi gqjv
wW‡cv‡Z †d‡jwQ| Avwg †hw`b Kvwjevox jvk Zy‡jwQ †mw`b mKv‡j XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †iv‡Kqv n‡ji wcQ‡b óvd †KvqvU©vi, †iv‡Kqv n‡ji cwðg
w`‡K R‰bK Aa¨vc‡Ki evmv †_‡K Avwg jvk Zy‡jwQ| †iv‡Kqv n‡ji wcQ‡bi
óvd †KvqvU©v‡ii wfZi †_‡K Avwg †h‡q cyi“l I wkï m‡gZ bqwU jvk
Zy‡jwQ| Avi Aa¨vc‡Ki evmv †_‡K wmwoi mvg‡b †j‡ci wfZi †cPv‡bv
R‰bK Aa¨vc‡Ki jvk Avwg Zy‡j wb‡q ‡MwQ|
m¦v¶i
ci‡`kx 21/3/74|
136
†g‡q, i“cmx gwnjv Ges my›`ix evwjKv‡`i Rx‡c, wgwjUvix Uªv‡K K‡i cywjk
jvB‡bi wewfbœ e¨viv‡K Rgv‡qZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| Avwg †Kw›U‡bi †Wªb cwi¯‹vi
KiwQjvgІ`Ljvg Avgvi mb¥yL w`‡q Rxc †_‡K Avgx© UªvK †_‡K jvBb K‡i
eû evwjKv hyeZx I gwnjv‡K Gm, Gd †Kw›U‡bi ga¨ w`‡q e¨viv‡K ivLv nj|
eû †g‡q‡K †nW‡KvqvU©vi wewìs Gi Dci Zjvq i“‡g wb‡q hvIqv nj, Avi
Aewkó †g‡q hv‡`i‡K e¨viv‡Ki wfZ‡i hvqMv †`Iqv †Mj bv Zv‡`i eviv›`vq
`vuo Kwi‡q ivLv nj| AwaKvsk †g‡qi nv‡Z eB I LvZv †`Ljvg, A‡bK
i“cmx hyeZxi †`‡n Aj¼vi †`Ljvg, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ AwaKvsk †g‡qi †PvL
†e‡q A‡Sv‡i Akª“ cowQj| Gi ciB Avi¤¢ n‡q †Mj †mB ev½vjx bvix‡`i
Dci exfrm al©Y| jvBb †_‡K cvÄvex †mbviv KzKz‡ii gZ Rxf PvU‡Z
PvU‡Z e¨viv‡Ki g‡a¨ D¤§Ë AÆ nvwm‡Z ‡d‡U c‡o cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z jvM‡jv|
Iiv e¨viv‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖwZwU hyeZx, gwnjv I evwjKvi ci‡Yi Kvco Ly‡j
G‡Kev‡i Dj½ K‡i gvwU‡Z jvw_ †g‡i †d‡j w`‡q exfrm al©†Y †j‡M
†Mj|†KD `uvwo‡q `uvwo‡qB †mB wbixn evwjKv‡`i Dci al©‡b †j‡M †Mj ‡KD
`uvwo‡q `uvwo‡qB †mB wbixn evwjKv‡`i Dci al©‡Y †j‡M †Mj, Avwg e¨viv‡K
†Wªb cwi¯‹vi Kivi Awfbq KiwQjvg Avi I‡`i exfrm ‰ckvwPKZv
†`LwQjvg| I‡`i D¤§Ë Dj−v‡mi mvg‡b †Kvb †g‡q †Kvb kã ch©š—I K‡i
bvB, Ki‡Z cv‡i bvB| D¤§Ë cvÄvex †mbviv GB wbixn ev½vjx †g‡q‡`i ïay
gvÎ al©Y K‡iB †Q‡o †`q bvBÐAvwg †`Ljvg cvK †mbviv †mB †g‡q‡`i Dci
cvM‡ji gZ D‡V al©Y Ki‡Q Avi avivj `vuZv †ei K‡i e‡¶i ¯—b I Mv‡ji
gvsm Kvgov‡Z Kvgov‡Z i³v³ K‡i w`‡”Q, I‡`i D×Z I D¤§Z Kvg‡o
A‡bK KwP †g‡qi ¯Zbmn e‡¶i gvsm D‡V AvmwQj, †g‡q‡`i Mvj, †cU,
Nvo, e¶, wc‡Vi I †Kvg‡oi Ask I‡`i Aweivg `sk‡b i³v³ n‡q †Mj|
†hmKj ev½vjx hyeZx I‡`i cÖgË cvkweKZvi wkKvi n‡Z Am¦xKvi Ki‡jv
†`Ljvg Zr¶Yvr cvÄvex †mbviv I‡`i Pyj a‡i †U‡b G‡b ¯Zb †Qv †g‡i
†U‡b wQ‡o †d‡j w`‡q I‡`i †hvwb I ¸n¨Øv‡ii g‡a¨ e›`y‡Ki bj, †eq‡bU I
avivj Qywo XywK‡q w`‡q †mB exiv½bv‡`i cweÎ †`n wQbœ wfbœ K‡i w`w”Qj|
A‡bK cï †QvU †QvU evwjKv‡`i Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi K‡i I‡`i Amvi
i³v³ †`n evB‡i G‡b `yR‡b `y cvÕ `yw`‡K †U‡b a‡i PoPwo‡q wQ‡o ‡d‡j
w`j, Avwg †`Ljvg †mLv‡b e‡m e‡m, Avi †oªb cwi¯‹vi KiwQjvg, cvÄvexiv
kk¥v‡bi jvk †h‡Kvb KzKz‡ii gZ g` †L‡q me mgq †mLvbKvi hvi †h
†g‡q B”Qv Zv‡KB a‡i al©Y KiwQj| ïay mvaviY cvÄvex †mbvivB GB exfrm
cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡i †hvM †`q bvB, mKj D”P c`¯n cvÄvex mvgwiK AwdmviB
g` †L‡q wnsmª ev‡Ni gZ n‡q `yB nvZ ev‡Ni gZ bvPv‡Z bvPv‡Z †mB Dj½
evwjKv, hyeZx I ev½vjx gwnjv‡`i Dci mviv¶Y ch©vqµ‡g al©Y Kv‡R wjß
_vK‡Zv| †Kvb †g‡q, gwnjv hyeZx‡K GK g~û‡Z©i Rb¨ Aemi †`Iqv nq
138
cÖwZw`b †mLv‡b wM‡q Gme cÖmªve cvqLvbv cwi¯‹vi KiZvg| Avwg m¦P‡¶
†`‡LwQ, A‡bK †g‡q Aweivg al©‡Yi d‡j wbg©gfv‡e Syjš— Ae¯nvq g„Zy¨eiY
K‡i‡Q| cÖwZw`b mKv‡j wM‡q †mB evuab †_‡K A‡bK ev½vjx hyeZxi exfrm
g„Z‡`n cvÁvex †mbv‡`i‡K bvgv‡Z †`‡LwQ| Avwg w`‡bi †ejvqI †mLv‡b
†mB mKj e›`x gwnjv‡`i cyZMÜ, cÖmªveÐcvqLvbv cwi¯‹vi Kivi Rb¨
mvivw`b Dcw¯nZ _vKZvg| cÖwZw`b ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b e¨vivK †_‡K
Ges †nW †KvqvUvi Awd‡mi Dci Zjv n‡Z eû awl©Zv †g‡qi ¶Z we¶Z
weK…Z jvk Iiv cv‡q iwk †eu‡a wb‡q hvq Ges †mB RvqMvq ivRavbx †_‡K
a‡i Avbv bZyb bZyb †g‡q‡`i Py‡ji mv‡_ Sywj‡q †eu‡a wb‡q wbg©g fv‡e
al©Y Avi¤¢ K‡i †`q| GBme Dj½ wbixn ev½vjx hyeZx‡`i mviv¶Y mkmª
cvÄvex †mbviv cÖniv w`Z| †Kvb ev½vjx‡KB †mLv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †`qv
n‡Zv bv| Avi Avwg Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb myBcvi‡KI †mLv‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z
†`Iqv n‡Zv bv|
‡g‡q‡`i nvRv‡iv KvZi AvnvRvix‡ZI Avwg B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I
†deªyqvwi †g‡q‡`i evuPvevi Rb¨ †Kvb f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| GwcÖj
gv‡mi w`‡K Avwg AÜKvi cwi¯‹vi nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Lye †fv‡i †nW
†KvqvUv©‡ii Dci Zjvq mvivivZ Syjš— †g‡q‡`i gjg~Î cwi¯‹vi K‡iwQjvg|
Ggb mgq wm‡×k¦ixi 139 bs evmvi ivby bv‡g GK K‡j‡Ri QvÎxi KvZi
cÖv_©bvq Avwg AZ¨š— e¨w_Z n‡q cwo Ges †g_‡ii Kvco cwi‡q K‡jR
QvÎx ivby‡K gyw³ K‡i cywjk jvB‡bi evB‡i wbivc‡` w`‡q Avwm| m¦vaxb
nIqvi ci †mB †g‡q‡K Avi †`wL bvB| 1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤¦‡i gyw³ evwnbx
I fviZxq wgÎ evwnbx evsjv‡`k gy³ Kivi c~e© ch©š— cvÄvex †mbviv GB
mKj wbixn ev½vjx gwnjv, hyeZx I evwjKv‡`i Dci Gfv‡e wbg©g Ð cvkweK
AZ¨vPvi I wefrmfv‡e al©Y K‡i hvw”Qj| wW‡m¤¦‡ii cÖ_g w`‡K wgÎ evwnbx
XvKvq †evgv el©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cvÄvex †mbviv Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡b
†g‡q‡`i wbg©gfv‡e †eq‡bU w`‡q LywP‡q LywP‡q nZ¨v K‡i| ivRvievM †nW
†KvqvU©vi Awd‡mi Dci Zjvq, mg¯— K‡¶, eviv›`vq GB wbixn gwnjv I
evwjKv‡`i ZvRv i³ RgvU n‡qwQj| wW‡m¤¦‡i gyw³ evwnbx I wgÎ evwnbx
ivRavbx‡Z exi weµ‡g cÖ‡ek Ki‡j cywjk jvB‡bi mKj cvÄvex †mbv AvZ¥
mgc©b K‡i|
wUcmwn
iv‡eqv LvZyb
18/2/74
1971 m‡bi 29‡k gvP© mKvj `kUvq Avgiv wgj e¨vivK cywjk jvB‡b
Dcw¯nZ n‡q Avgv‡`i wcÖq cywjk mycvi wgt B, G, †PŠayix, cywjk Kgv‡Û›U
wgt nvweeyi ingvb, wW,Gm,wc, †jv`x mv‡ne, ‡iÄ wiRvf© B݇c±i wgt ‰mq`
eRjyj nK, wW,Gm,wc, Avãym mvjvg, wiRvf© B‡Ý‡c±i wgt gwZqyi ingvb
mevB‡K Dcw¯nZ †`Ljvg| wgt B,G,†PŠayix mv‡ne ¶yavZ©, Z„òvZ©, AvnZ,
¶Z we¶Z wmcvnx‡`i †`‡L Kvbœvq †f‡½ co‡jb| jvB‡b gyn~‡Z© Kvbœvi †ivj
c‡o †Mj| wZwb jvB‡bi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖwZwU wmcvnxi AvnZ, ¶ZÐwe¶Z
†`n †`L‡jb, Zvi `yÕ †PvL †e‡q A‡Sv‡i AkÖy cowQj| wZwb Awej‡¤¦
Avgv‡`i LvIqvi e¨e¯nv Ki‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb ÔÔ‡Zvgv‡`i †Kvb Amyweav
bvB, †Zvgiv bxi‡e †Zvgv‡`i KvR K‡i hvI|ÕÕ Avwg †Zvgv‡`i wbivcËvi
e¨vcv‡i mZK© `„wó ivL‡ev|ÕÕ
Avgvi mv‡_ Avgvi AviI wZbRb my‡e`vi, my‡e`vi mwdKzi ingv‡bi
mnKg©xi mv‡_ AvURb nvwej`viІgvt dRjyj nK, Avt Iqv`y`, Avãyj
KyÏym I Ab¨vb¨ wekRb cywjk K‡bóej w`‡q XvKv †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi `vwqZ¡
†`Iqv nq| Avgiv _vbvq cÖ‡ek K‡i †`Iqv‡j, †g‡S‡Z Pvc Pvc i³ †`L‡Z
†cjvg, †`Ljvg _vbvi †`Iqvj ¸wji AvNv‡Z SuvRov n‡q Av‡Q, eyoxM½vi
cv‡o AmsL¨ gvby‡li g„Z‡`n †`Ljvg, Avgv‡`i wc,Avi, Gd, Gi K‡bóej
Avey Zv‡n‡ii (bs 798) †cvlvKciv jvk fvm‡Q, AviI eû wmcvnxi ¶Z
we¶Z jvk †`L‡Z †cjvg| Avgvi †PvL †e‡q Akª“ cowQj, Avwg w`kvnviv
n‡q Kuv`‡Z Kvu`‡Z Avgvi wcÖq wmcvnx Zv‡n‡ii jvk ai‡Z †M‡j wcQb
†_‡K GK cvÄvex †mbv M¾©b K‡i KK©k fv‡e ej‡Z _v‡K ÔÔk~qvi Kv ev”Pv,
†Zvg‡Kv wf cvKovZv nvq, KzËv Kv ev”Pv, †Zvg†Kv wf mv_ †g ¸wj K‡iMv|ÕÕ
Avwg Avg© mve B݇c±i nIqv m‡Z¡I GKRb mvaviY cvK†mbv Avgvi mv‡_
KzKz‡ii gZ e¨envi Ki‡jv| `yt‡L Acgv‡b, j¾vq Avwg †hb Aek n‡q
cojvg| cÖwZev` Ki‡Z PvBjvg me©kw³ w`‡q wKš‘ cvijvg bv| cÖwZev`
Kivi †Kvb Dcvq wQjbv| ZvB I‡`i Amn¨ AvcwËKi Kvh©Kjv‡ci cÖwZev`
Kwi bvB, mewKQy bxi‡e mn¨ K‡iwQ I‡`i h‡_”Q Kvh©¨Kjv‡ci bxie mv¶x
n‡q i‡qwQ|
‡Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi eivei †mvRvmywR wM‡q eyoxM½vi jÂNv‡Ui cv‡o
`vuwo‡q †`Ljvg eyoxM½vi cv‡o jvk, weK…Z, ¶ZÐwe¶Z, AmsL¨ gvby‡li
jvk fvm‡Q, fvm‡Q cywj‡ki †cvlvK civ exfrm jvk| †`Ljvg wewfbœ eq‡mi
bvix cyi“l, e„×vÐhyev, hyeKÐhyeZx, evjKÐevwjKv, wK‡kviÐwkïi AmsL¨ jvk|
hZ`~i Avgvi `„wó hvq †`Ljvg ev`vgZjx NvU †_‡K k¨vgevRvi NvU ch©¨š—
b`xi cv‡o AmsL¨ gvby‡li exfrm cuPv I weK…Z jvk, A‡bK Dj½ hyeZxi
141
jvdvjvwd, Iiv cïi gZ AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o AmsL¨ evsMvjxi jvk cvwo‡q
RqaŸwb K‡i wgwQj K‡i bIqvecy‡ii iv¯—vq †ei n‡q cowQj| cvÄvex †mbv
KZ©„K wbwe©Pv‡i ev½vjx nZ¨vi Lykx‡Z †`Ljvg wenvixiv iv¯—vq c‡o _vKv
wbixn ev½vjx‡`i jv‡ki Dci jvw_ gvi‡Q, †KD cÖmªve K‡i w`‡”Q, nvm‡Z
nvm‡Z, iv¯—vq iv¯—vq wenvix GjvKvq †`Ljvg miy evu‡ki gv_vq ev½vjx
evjK I wkïi jvk we× K‡i Lvov K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q | †`Ljvg D¤§Ë wenvix
RbZv iv¯—vq c‡o _vKv jvk¸wj‡K `v w`‡q Kzwc‡q KzwP KzwP K‡i †K†U
Avb›` Ki‡Q, Dk„•Lj wenvix †Q‡jiv iv¯—vq †ewi‡q c‡o Dj−vk Ki‡Q, iv¯—
vi `yB cv‡k¦© me©Î Av¸b Avi Av¸b †`Ljvg| wenvix RbZv iv¯—vi cv‡k¦©i
cÖwZwU evox‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Av¸b jvwM‡q w`‡qwQj, R¦jwQj ev½vjx‡`i
Nievwo, AvmevecÎ cY¨`Öe¨, †cvkvK cwi”Q` g~j¨evb wRwblcÎ| VvUvix
evRv‡ii UªvwdK µwms‡q G‡m †`Ljvg GKwU hyeK †Q‡ji exfrm jv‡ki
Dci †cU wP‡o evu‡ki jvwV Lvov K‡i, jvwVi gv_vq m¦vaxb evsjvi GKwU
gwjb cZvKv Sywj‡q ivLv n‡q‡Q| jv‡ki Dci Rq evsjvi cZvKv Sywj‡q
†i‡L wenvix RbZv Pviw`‡K `vuwo‡q †_‡K nvm‡Q, Dj−vm Ki‡Q| †`Ljvg
jv‡ki Myn¨Øvi w`‡q jvwV XywK‡q Avb›` cÖKvk Ki‡Q| weRq bM‡ii iv¯—v a‡i
Avwg kvwš—ev‡M Avgvi †KvqvU©v‡i AvmwQjvgІ`Ljvg ZLbI iv¯—vi
Pvwicv‡k¦©i Nievwo R¦j‡Q|
Avwg †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvq `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZvg, 30‡k gvP© †KvZqvjx
_vbvi g‡a¨ Avgiv Kvgovq Kvgovq cÖ‡ek K‡i †`Iqv‡ji me©Î Pvc Pvc
i³ †`Ljvg,†`Ljvg _vbvi cvqLvbv, cÖkÖveLvbv I Abvb¨ †`Iqvj ¸wji
AvNv‡Z SuvRov n‡q Av‡Q| 1971 m‡bi gvP© gv‡mi ci †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbvi
†Kvb ev½vjx cywjk‡K evB‡i ‡Kvb Un‡j cvVv‡bv n‡Zv bv, _vbvq ewm‡q ivLv
n‡Zv| GK cvÄvex †gRi Avgv‡`i‡K Z`viK K‡i †h‡Zb gv‡S gv‡S G‡m|
5B GwcÖj Avgv‡`i mevB†K †Kv‡Zvqvjx _vbv †_‡K ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b
Avbv nq| cywjk jvB‡b G‡m Avgv‡`i e¨vivK †Kw›Ub, AvmevecÎ, †cvkvK
cwi”Q` mewKQyi f¯§ QvB †`Ljvg| wZb b¤¦i e¨viv‡K cÖ‡ek K‡i Avgvi
`yRb wcÖq wmcvnxi AwMœ`» jvk †`LjvgÐjv‡ki cv‡q ïaygvÎ eyU wQj,
Zv‡`i †cvkvK cwi”Q` mviv †`n R¡‡j †kl n‡q wM‡qwQj| Avgvi wcÖq wmcvnx
Rvnv½xi I Ave`ym mvjv‡gi exfrm jvk †`‡L Avwg Kvbœvq †f‡½ cojvg|
jv‡ki w`‡K gv_v bZ K‡i Avgvi `yÕRb exi wmcvnx‡K mvjvg Rvbvjvg,
Akª“wm³ bq‡b| cywjk jvB‡bi DËi c~e©w`‡Ki cyKz‡ii DËi cv‡o knx`
wmcvnx‡`i h_v_© gh©v`vi mv‡_ mgvwnZ Kijvg|
cywjk jvBb †_‡K cvÄvexiv P‡j †M‡jI ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡b Pig
fq fxwZ, mš¿vm I nZvkv weivR KiwQj| Avgiv me mgq g„Zy¨ f†q fxZ I
AvZ¼Mª¯’ _vKZvg| XvKv wWwóª± we‡kl cywjk †dv‡m©i wiRvf© B݇c±i wQ‡jb
143
Dj½ K‡i Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB gvwU‡Z †d‡j KzKz‡ii gZ al©Y Ki‡Zv|
ivRavbxi wewfbœ GjvKv I AÂj †_‡K a‡i GmKj hyeZx †g‡q‡`i mvivw`b
wbwe©Pv‡i al©Y Kivi ci ‰eKv‡j Avgv‡`i cywjk †nW‡KvqvU©vi wewìs Gi Dci
Zv‡`i‡K Dj½ K‡i Py‡ji mv‡_ j¤¦v †jvnvi i†Wi mv‡_ †eu‡a ivLv nÔ‡Zv|
iv‡Zi †ejvq Gme wbixn ev½vjx bvix‡`i Dci Aweivg al©Y Pvjv‡bv n‡Zv|
Avgiv Mfxi iv‡Z Avgv‡`i †KvqvU©v‡i e‡m †g‡q‡`i AvZ©wPrKvi ï‡b
AvK¯§vr mevB Nyg ‡_‡K †R‡M DVZvg| †mB fqvj I fq¼i wPrKv†i Kvbœvi
†ivj †f‡m Avm‡Zv ÔÔevuPvI, Avgv‡`i evPuvI,†Zvgv‡`i cv‡q cwo, Avgv‡`i
evPvuI, cvwb `vI, GK †dvUv cvwb `vI, cvwb cvwb !ÕÕ
wgwjUvix UªvK I f¨v‡b cÖwZw`b cvÄvex †mbviv ivRavbx wewfbœ Rbc`,
K‡jR I wek¦we`¨vjq GjvKv †_‡K wbixn ev½vjx hyeK †Q‡j‡`i †PvL †eu‡a
a‡i wb‡q †nW‡KvqvU©v‡i Awd‡mi K‡¶ K‡¶ Rgv‡qZ K‡i AK_¨ AZ¨vPvi
Pvjv‡Zv|†nW‡KvqvU©vi Awd‡mi Dci Zvjvq Avgv‡`i cÖ‡ek Kiv G‡Kev‡i
wbwl× wQj| w`‡bi †ejvq cywjk jvB‡b c¨v‡i‡Wi AvIqv‡Ri Rb¨ DciZjv
†_‡K wbh©vwZZ e›`x‡`i †Kvb AvZ©bv` Avgiv ïb‡Z †cZvg bv| mܨvi ci
Avgiv Avgv‡`i wbw`©ó †KvqvU©vi †_‡K Zv‡`i AvZ©bv` ïb‡Z †cZvg| mܨvi
ci cvK †mbviv wewfbœ cÖKvi e›`x‡`i Dci AZ¨vPvi Pvwj‡q †hZ| Avi
†jvnvi i‡Wi Dci Syjš— evwjKv, hyeZx bvix I i“cmx igbx‡`i Dci
Pj‡Zv Aweivg al©Y, wbg©g AZ¨vPvi| e›`x‡`i nvnvKv‡i Avgvi A‡bK mgq
G‡Kev‡i w`kvnviv n‡q coZvg, A‡bK mgq cÖwZev` ei‡Z PvBZvg| wKš‘
I‡`i kw³i †gvKv‡ejvq Avgv‡`i wKQyB Kivi wQjbv, Avgiv wKQyB Kwi bvB,
Ki‡Z cvwi bvB| Gfv‡e cªwZw`b Ôgyw³ nvqÕ e‡j †h me wbixn ev½vjx
†Q‡j‡`i †PvL ‡eu‡a cywjk jvB‡b G‡b †nW‡KvqvU©vi Awd‡m Rgv‡qZ Kvi
nZ iv‡Zi †k‡l c‡ii w`b mKv‡j Avi G mKj e›`x‡`i †`Lv †hZbv Ges
†m¯’v‡b bZyb e›`x‡`i G‡b ivLv n‡Zv|
m¦v¶i/ÐLwjjyi ingvb
2Ð1Ð1974|
†`Iqv nq, mviv †`n PvK PvK K‡i †K†U †`Iqv nq| I‡`i †`n i³v³ n‡q
G‡Kev‡i Aek I APj n‡q †M‡j Zv‡`i wZbRb‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Kivi
wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| I‡`i ¶Zwe¶Z i³v³ †`n †`‡L hv‡K Zv‡`i‡K nZ¨v
Kivi wb‡`©k †`Iqv n‡qwQj, †mB cvVvb Zv‡`i‡K †Q‡o †`b| c`¯’ cvÄvex
Awdmvi‡`i Zv‡`i nZ¨v Kivi Rb¨ wZbwU duvKv ¸wji kã ïwb‡q †`q Ges
e›`x‡`i evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb bv nIqv ch©š— AvZ¥†Mvcb K‡i _vKvi Rb¨ ejv
nq| evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nIqvi ci Avwg Dc‡iv³ wZb mnKg©xi wbKU D³
NUbv we¯ZvwiZ Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ|
1971 m‡bi wW‡mg¦‡i XvKv ivRavbx‡Z gyw³evwnbx I wgÎevwnbx
mwg¥wjZ Awfhv‡bi gy‡L Avgiv ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi cwðg cvwK¯’vbx
cywjk I cvÄvex †mbv‡`i †emvgvj Ae¯’v †`L‡Z cvB | evsjv‡`k gy³ n‡j
wgÎevwnbx I gw³ evwnbx ivRvievM cywjk jvB‡bi mKj cwðg cvwK¯’vbx
cywjk I cvÄvex †mbv‡`i e›`x K‡i wb‡q hvq|
†Zvgvi fvB Avi Zywg Avgvi gv‡qi †c‡Ui †evb| GB K_v KqwU e‡j Avgvi
nvZ a‡i †Rvi K‡i cieZ©x evox nvi“ Kweiv‡Ri cv‡Ki N‡i Xy‡K c‡o|
Zrci Avgvi Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Avi¤¢ K‡i| Avgvi kix‡ii Dc‡i
AgvbywlK Dcv‡q al©Y I g`©b Ki‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i †`q| Avwg ZLb A‰PZb¨
Ae¯nvq gvwU‡Z c‡o _vwK| Lvb wckvP Zvi Kvg evmbv Z„wß K‡i Acivci
Lvb †mbv‡`i Zv‡`i Kvg evmbv PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ ûKzg †`q| GB msev`
ï‡b Lvb KzKzi‡`i AviI PviRb Avgvi Kv‡Q G‡m c‡o| Avgv‡K Zviv
AviI e‡j †h, †Zvgvi m¦vgx †Kv_vq, †m bvwK gyw³ †dŠR, †m bvwK jyU
K‡i‡Q? Aek¨ me K_v D`y©‡Z wRÁvmv K‡i|
ZLb Avwg ewj †h, bv bv, me wg_¨v K_v, evev Avgvi m¦vgx Ime
wKQyB K‡i bvB ev †m †Kvb gyw³ †dŠR bq| ZLb Lvb `my¨iv Avgvi N‡ii
wfZi Xy‡K Zj−vkx Pvjvq| N‡i Xy‡K †Kvb iKg jy‡Ui gvjcÎ Zviv †`L‡Z
cvq bv| Zviv ïay ZvgvK I ZvgvK ‰Zixi gmjvw` †`L‡Z cvq| KviY Avgvi
m¦vgx GKRb `wi`ª ZvgvK e¨emvqx| Lvb †mbviv Avgv‡K Rvbvq †h, Zywg
GLv‡b _vK, Avgiv evB‡i †_‡K GLwb Avm&wQ| Zv‡`i KzgZje eyS‡Z †c‡i
Avwg `y‡i GKUv evoxi w`‡K Qy‡U hvB| †mLv‡b wM‡q †`L‡Z cvB †h AviI
GK`j Lvb‡mbv GKwU wn›`y †g‡q‡K †Rvi K‡i UvbvUvwb Ki‡Q Zv‡`i Kvg
evmbv wgUv‡bvi Rb¨ H †`‡L Avwg AviI `y‡ii evox‡Z wM‡q AvkÖq †bB|
Zvici †`L‡Z †cjvg Lvb †mbviv ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡`i ¯úxW †ev‡Ui w`‡K
AMªmi n‡Z _v‡K Gi ci ciB Zviv evRvi †Q‡o K¨v‡¤ci w`‡K AMªmi nq|
wUcmwn/Ð
g‡bvqviv LvZyb|
Ryb gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K Avgiv cv_iNvUv n‡q fvi‡Z hvw”Qjvg | `‡j
wQjvg cÖvq 8/10 nvRvi †jvK, mevB Avgiv fvi‡Z hve| ivZ †_‡K mKv‡j
8/9Uvi w`‡K Avgiv hv‡nvK wKQy ivbœv evbœv K‡iwQ Ggb mgq 3/4 Mvox
wgwjUvix Av‡m| m‡½ m‡½ cvK‡mbviv ¸wj Pvwj‡q eû †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i|
Ges eû †jvK‡K a‡i Mvox‡Z †Zv‡j| cÖ‡Z¨K Mvox‡Z 15/20 Rb K‡i
†g‡q‡`i Zy‡j †bq| ILv‡bB A‡b‡Ki Dci cvkweK AZ¨vPvi Pvjvq|
cvKNvuwU SvDWv½v‡Z Avgv‡`i wb‡q hvq| †Q‡j¸wj‡K GKRvqMvq K‡i ¸wj
K‡i mevB‡K nZ¨v K‡i ïay Avgv‡`i‡K wb‡q hvq| ILv‡b wM‡q 50/60Rb
†g‡q‡K †`Ljvg wewfbœ RvqMvi, SvDWv½viI A‡bK †g‡q †`Ljvg| A‡bK
150
Beªvwng f~Bqv
jvB‡eªixqvb, wk¶v I M‡elYv BbwówUDU,
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv
(`wjjcÎ Aóg LÛ, c„ t 18)
1971 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m Avwg Mªv‡gi evox hvIqvi Rb¨ XvKv
m`iNv‡Ui w`‡K iIqvbv n‡qwQjvg| m`iNvU Uvwg©bv‡ji cÖ‡ek c‡_ mk¯¿
cvÄvex †mbv‡`i cÖnivq †gvZv‡qb †`Ljvg| wKQy¶Y c‡i GK AwZ e„×
151
(`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 567)
Zvui GKgvÎ B‡”Q wQj wZwb †h‡bv †`‡ki gvwU‡Z †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †m B”Qv Zuvi c~iY n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki gvwU‡Z wZwb gi‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb| Z‡e eo wbôyifv‡e cÖvY w`‡Z n‡q‡Q Zvu‡KÐKL‡bv †KD hv
KíbvI K‡iwb|
MZ eQi GB 13B GwcÖj PÆMªv‡gi A`~‡i wb‡Ri nv‡Z Mov Kz‡Ûk¦ix
fe‡b Zvu‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Kz‡Ûik¦ix we`¨vcx‡Vi cÖwZôvZv evey b~Zb
wms‡ni K_v ejwQ| GwcÖ‡ji cÖ_g w`‡K PUªMªvg kn‡ii cZb n‡qwQj| 13
Zvwi‡L cvK evwnbx Kz‡Ûk¦ix Avµgb K‡i| evey b~Zb wmsn ZLb gw›`‡i
cªv_©bv KiwQ‡jb| m¦vaxbZv †NvlYvi ci PÆMªvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖvq 47 Rb
Aa¨vcK m¯¿xK AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb †mLv‡b| ‰mq` Avjx Avnmvb, Wt G, Avi,
gwj−K, Wt Avwbmy¾vgvb, Wt †KvivBkx cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡j−L †hvM¨| PÆMªvg
†_‡K AvMiZjv hvIqvi c‡_ Rbve Gg, Avi, wmwÏKxI Kz‡Ûk¦ix‡Z AvkÖq
wb‡qwQ‡jb|
cvK evwnbxi AMªMwZi Lei ï‡b mevB Kz‡Ûk¦ix †Q‡o fvi‡Zi
D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv n‡q hvq| evey b~Zb wmsn‡K hvIqvi K_v ej‡j wZwb ivRx
nbwb| e‡jwQ‡jb, hw` gi‡Z nq †`‡ki gvwU‡ZB gie| A‡bK cxovcxwoi
ciI Zv‡K ivRx Kivb †Mj bv| Gw`‡K cvKevwnbx `yªZ GwM‡q AvmwQj|
13B GwcÖj cvKevwnbx Kz‡Ûk¦ix fe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i|
‡Q‡jiv Av‡MB cvwj‡q wMqvwQj| evey b~Zb wmsn ZLb gw›`‡i cÖv_©bv
KiwQ‡jb| R‰bK mvjvnDÏxb Zvu‡K †mLvb †_‡K †U‡bwnuP‡o evB‡i wb‡q
G‡mwQj| Zvui †Pv‡Li mvg‡b gw›`i Dwo‡q w`‡qwQj| Zuvici Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv
n‡qwQj b„ksmfv‡e| †gRi wZbwU ¸wj Kivi ciI mvjvnDÏxb wifjev‡ii
¸wj Qyu‡owQj byZb eveyi w`‡K| wZwb jywU‡q c‡owQ‡jb| †Zgwb gyL _ye‡o
c‡owQ‡jb wZb w`b|
ee©iZvi †iKW©
\ iwng AvRv` cÖ`Ë \
ewikvj t Ôgnv‡`‡ei RUv †_‡KÕ bq evsjv gv‡qi bvox wQu‡o Rb¥
w`‡qwQ‡jb †h †mvbvi †g‡q †m fvMxi_x‡K Iiv R¨vš— Rx‡c †eu‡a
kn‡ii iv¯—vq †U‡b †U‡b nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| Lvb `my¨iv nq‡Zv ciL Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQj Iiv KZLvwb b„ksm n‡Z cv‡i| ej‡Z nq G‡¶‡Î Iiv ïay
mdjB nqwb, ee©iZvi me †iKW© Qvwo‡q †M‡Q|
Aóv`kx fvMxi_x wQj ewikvj †Rjvi wc‡ivRcyi _vbvi evNgviv
K`gZjxi GK weaev cj−xevjv| we‡qi GK eQi ci GKwU cyÎ mš—vb †Kv‡j
wb‡qB Zv‡K eiY K‡i wb‡Z nq myKwVb ‰eae¨|
m¦vgxi we‡qvM e¨_v Zvui ZLbI Kv‡Uwb| GiB g‡a¨ †`‡k †b‡g Gj
Bqvwnqvi SwUKv evwnbx| MZ †g gv‡mi GK weKv‡j Iiv PovI n‡jv
fvMxi_x‡`i Mªv‡g| nZ¨v Ki‡jv A‡bK‡K hv‡K †hLv‡b †hfv‡e †c‡jv|
G wbwe©Pvi nZ¨vh‡Ái g‡a¨I fvMxi_x‡K Iiv gvi‡Z cvi‡jvbv| Ii
†`njveY¨ `my¨‡`i g‡b †h jvjmv RvwM‡qwQj Zv‡ZB nvi gvbj Zv‡`i i³
wccvmv| I‡K Uªv‡K Zy‡j wb‡q Gj wc‡ivRcy‡i| Zvici K¨v‡¤c Zvi Dci
Pvjv‡bv n‡jv wnsmª cvkweK AZ¨vPvi|
mZx bvix fvMxi_x| G cwiw¯nwZ‡Z g„Zy¨‡K wZwb GKgvÎ cwiÎv‡Yi
Dcvq e‡j fve‡Z jvM‡jb| fve‡Z fve‡ZB GK mgq Gj bZyb wPš—v Ð nu¨v
g„Zy¨B hw` eiY Ki‡Z nq I‡`iBev †invB †`e †Kb?
fvMxi_x †KŠk‡ji AvkÖq wbj Gevi| GLb Avi Aeva¨ †g‡q bq `¯—
igZ Lvb‡`i Lykx Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij, I‡`i Av¯’v AR©‡bi AvcÖvY †Póv
Pvjv‡Z jvM‡jv|
‡ekxw`b jvM‡jvbv, Aí KÕw`‡bB bvix †jvjyc Bqvwnqv evwnbx Ii cÖwZ
`vi“Y AvKl©Y Abyfe Kij| Avi GB my‡hv‡M fvMxi_x I‡`i KvQ †_‡K
†R‡b wb‡Z ïi“ Kij cvK evwnbxi me †Mvcb Z_¨|
GK ch©v‡q wek¦vm fvRb fvMxi_x‡K Iiv wb‡Ri N‡iI †h‡Z w`j|
Avi †Kvb evuav †bB| fvMxi_x GLb wbqwgZ mvgwiK K¨v‡¤c hvq Avevi wd‡i
Av‡m wbR Mªv‡g|
GiB g‡a¨ PZyiv fvMxi_x Zvui g~j j¶¨ AR©‡bi c‡_I GwM‡q ‡Mj
A‡bKLvwb| †Mvc‡b gyw³ evwnbxi mv‡_ M‡o Zyjj Nwbó †hvMv‡hvM|
GiciB Gj Avmj my‡hvM| Ryb gv‡mi GKw`b fvMxi_x Lvb †mbv‡`i
wbgš¿Y Ki‡jv Zvui wbR Mªv‡g| Gw`‡K gyw³ evwnbx‡KI ‰Zix ivLv n‡jv
h_vixwZ| 45 Rb Lvb †mbv †mw`b nvm‡Z nvm‡Z evMgvi K`gZjv G‡mwQj
156
wKš‘ Zvi g‡a¨ gvÎ 4/5 Rb K¨v‡¤c wdi‡Z †c‡i‡Q ey‡j‡Ui ¶Z wb‡q
Kvuu`‡Z Kvu`‡Z| evwKiv fvMxi_xi Mªv‡gB wkqvj KzKzi kKz‡bi †LvivK
n‡q‡Q|
Gici Avi fvMxi_x I‡`i K¨v‡¤c hvqwb| IivI ey‡S‡Q, GUv ZviB
KxwZ©| KxwZgvbiv ZvB ûKzg w`j RxweZ A_ev g„Z fvMxi_x‡K †h awi‡q
w`‡Z cvi‡e Zv‡K bM` GK nvRvi UvKv cyi¯‹vi †`qv n‡e|
wKš‘ fvMxi_x ZLbI Rvb‡Zvbv Ii Rb¨ AviI `ytmn fwel¨r A‡c¶¨
Ki‡Q| GKw`b ivRvKvi‡`i nv‡Z aiv co‡jv fvMxi_x| Zv‡K wb‡q Gj
wc‡ivRcyi mvgwiK K¨v‡¤c|
Lvb †mbviv Gevi fvMxi_xi Dci Zv‡`i wnsmªZvi cix¶vi Av‡qvRb
Ki‡jv| GK nvUev‡i Zv‡K kn‡ii iv¯—vq G‡b `vuo Kiv‡bv n‡jv Rbeûj
†PŠgv_vq| †mLv‡b cÖKv‡k¨ Zvi A½veiY Ly‡j †djj K‡qKRb Lvb †mbv|
Zvici `yÕMvwQ `wo Ii `yÕcv‡q †eu‡a GKwU Rx‡c †eu‡a R¨vš— kn‡ii iv¯—
vq †U‡b †eovj Iiv gnvDrm‡e| N›UvLv‡bK ivRc_ cwiµgvi ci Avevi
hLb wd‡i Gj †mB †PŠgv_vq ZLbI Ii †`n cÖv‡Yi ¯ú›`b i‡q‡Q|
Gevi Zviv `yÕwU cv `yÕwU Rx‡ci mv‡_ †eu‡a wbj Ges Rxc `yÕwU‡K
Pvwj‡q w`j wecixZ w`‡K| fvMxi_x `yÕfvM n‡q †Mj| †mB `yÕfv‡M `yÕRx‡c
Avevi kni cwiµgv †kl K‡i Rj−v` Lvbiv Avevi wd‡i Gj †mB †PŠgv_vq
Ges GLv‡bB †d‡j †i‡L †Mj Ii weK…Z gvsm¸‡jv|
GKw`b `yÕw`b K‡i †m gvsm¸‡jv H iv¯—vi gvwUi mv‡_B GKvKvi
n‡q †Mj GK mgq| evsjv gv‡qi fvMxi_x Ggwb fv‡e Avevi wg‡k †Mj
evsjvi aywjKYvi mv‡_|
igbv cv‡K©i DËi c~e© †KvYUv wK cvK mvgwiK P‡µi †Kvb ea¨f~wg
A_ev mgvwa¯’j ? ivRavbx XvKvi †K›`ª¯n‡j Aew¯nZ igbv cv‡K©i DËi
†KvYUvq †hw`‡K f~Zc~e© †cÖwm‡W›U nvD‡mi mxgvbv ïi“ n‡q‡Q, Zvi †_‡K
wKQyUv †fZ‡ii w`‡KB GwU Aew¯’Z| cy‡iv RvqMvUvB cÖvq Ry‡o i‡q‡Q,
†e¸bx e‡Y©i †ev‡Mb wfjv ev evMvb wejv‡mi iwOb KzÄ|
157
Gme GjvKvq gvby‡li nvo‡Mvo AmsL¨ c‡o Av‡Q| fvj K‡i Lbb
Kiv n‡j kZkZ bq nvRvi nvRvi gvby‡li KsKvj Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e| iscyi
kn‡ii DcK‡Ú KzKzi‡Yi we‡j eû gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q|
MvBevÜv
gvwU Nv‡m †j‡M Av‡Q knx‡`i i³| biwms`x kn‡ii A`~‡i biwms`x Zviv‡ev
iv¯—vi LvUviv cyjwUI nvbv`vi Rj−v†`i GKwU ea¨f~wg| bi wckvPiv GB
†mZywU‡K cwiYZ K‡iwQj wbh©vZb †K‡›`ª I ea¨f~wg‡Z|
nv‡qbvi `j cvk¦©eZx GjvKv †_‡K Zi“Y, Zi“Yx, †Q‡j ey‡ov wbwe©Pv‡i
mKj‡K a‡i wb‡q Avm‡Zv GLv‡b| I‡`i Dci Pj‡Zv wbh©vZb| wbh©vZ‡bi
ce© PyK‡j Zv‡`i nZ¨v K‡i jvk¸‡jv cy‡ji Av‡k cv‡k gvwU Pvcv w`‡q ivLv
n‡Zv| nZ¨vjxjvi bxie mv¶x GB cy‡ji Pvwiw`‡K eû bi K¼vj I gv_vi
Lywj AvRI Qwo‡q Av‡Q|
e¨vcK AbymÜv‡b cvK evwnbxi wbôyiZg wbh©vZb I cvBKvix bi
nZ¨vi A‡bK gg©š‘` Kvwnbx cÖKvk n‡Z cv‡i e‡j mK‡j g‡b K‡ib|
¯nvbxq mgvR Kg©xiv AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q BwZg‡a¨B LvUviv cy‡ji Av‡k cv‡ki
cwZZ Rwg †_‡K eû bi K¼vj D×vi K‡i‡Qb| Gme bi K¼v‡ji g‡a¨
GKwU K¼vj R‰bK gwnjvi e‡j Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q|
K¼vj ¸‡jvi Av‡k cv‡k cvIqv †cvkvK cwi”Q` Qvov Ab¨ wKQy Øviv
nZ fvM¨ e¨w³‡K mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e bq| ‡Zgwb Abygv‡bi wfwˇZ H K¼vjwU
†Kvb hyeZxi e‡j aviYv n‡”Q| KviY K¼vjwUi nv‡Z Kvu‡Pi Pywo i‡q‡Q|
Av‡iv GKwU K¼vj mbv³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b| GB K¼vjwU wkecyi
_vbvi Kivi Pi Mªv‡gi R‰bK e¨w³i| †cvkvK cwi”Q` †`‡L Av‡iv `ywU
K¼vj mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| m¤¢e K¼vj `ywU biwms`x gnvwe`¨vj‡qi wb‡LvuR
`yRb wn›`y Aa¨vc‡Ki e‡j D×viKvixiv aviYv K‡i‡Qb| ZvuZ e‡¯¿i Rb¨
mgwaK cÖwm× †m‡Li P‡ii R‰bK mgvRKg©x Avgv‡`i cÖwZwbwa‡K Rvbvb †h,
wewfbœ GjvKv †_‡K hyeZx‡`i a‡i G‡b nvbv`vi cvK †mbviv biwms`x
†Uwj‡dvb GK‡P‡Ä wb‡R‡`i cvkweK cÖe„wË PwiZv_© Ki‡Zv| hviv bi cï‡`i
Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Zvbv Zv‡`i nZ¨v Kiv n‡Zv| Zvici †mB g„Z‡`‡ni
Dci cvkweK cÖe„wË PwiZv_© K‡i jvk¸‡jv †d‡j †`Iqv n‡Zv|
GB GK‡PÄB bi cïiv K¨v¤c Ly‡jwQj| GLvb †_‡KB bicïiv
`vjvj‡`i mvnv‡h©¨ iv‡Z Mªv‡g nvbv w`‡q evsMvjx bi bvix‡`i a‡i Avb‡Zv|
Zvici Zv‡`i Dci Pvjv‡Zv ee©i AZ¨vPvi| wbh©vZb †k‡l Zv‡`i GB LvUviv
cy‡ji Kv‡Q G‡b nZ¨v Ki‡Zv| cvuP‡`vjvcyj I LvUvivcyj QvovI Av‡iv
K‡qKwU ea¨f~wg i‡q‡Q biwms`x‡Z| †m¸‡jv n‡”Q cywUqv cyj, mvb‡Lvjv cyj,
Lvwmi w`qv, ivqcyiv _vbvi nvUy fvsMv, ev`yqvi Pi †ijcyj| Gme ea¨f~wg‡Z
KZ ev½vjx jvwÃZv awl©Zv, gv †ev‡bi we‡`nx AvZ¥v Av‡Rv nvnvKvi K‡i
wdi‡Q Zvi wn‡me †KD w`‡Z cvi‡ebv|
evsjvi gvbyl‡`i nZ¨v K‡i, Zv‡`i emZ evwU Rvwj‡q, m¤cwË jyU
K‡i K…l‡Ki Mevw` cï RevB K‡i, gv‡Vi dmj webó K‡iB Gme bi cïiv
¶vš— nqwb, Zv‡`i aŸsm hÁ †_‡K i¶v cvqwb wk¶v I ag©xq cÖwZôvb,
161
GgbwK gmwR` gw›`i MxR©vI| m¨vi †KwR ¸ß nvB ¯KzjwUI GBme ee©i
cïiv AwMœms‡hv‡M fm¥xf~Z K‡i| wRbviw` GjvKvi Awef³ evsjvi K…Zx
mš—vb m¨vi †K, wR ¸ß 1919 mv‡j biwms`x Zviv‡ev iv¯—vi cv‡k GB
¯KzjwU ¯nvcb K‡ib| Zvi bvgvbymv‡iB ¯KzjwUi bvgKiY Kiv nq| GB
¯‹z‡ji mwbœK‡U Aew¯nZ cvuP‡`vjvcyj| GLv‡bB wQj bi cï‡`i GKwU
K¨v¤c| bicïiv bvix wbh©vZ©b, bvix al©Y, jyÚb I MYnZ¨v Pvjv‡Zv GLvb
†_‡K| bi cï‡`i Reve w`w”Q‡jv gyw³ evwnbx| gv‡S gv‡S gyw³ evwnbx cvK
†mbv‡`i Avµgb K‡i Dchy³ cÖwZ‡kva MªnY Ki‡Zv| AZwK©Z Avµg‡Yi
Rb¨ gyw³ †mbviv ¯KzjwU‡K e¨envi Ki‡Zv eg© wnmv‡e|
ZvB cvK †mbviv wk¶v cÖwZôvbwU‡Z AwMœ ms‡hvM K‡i| eZ©gv‡b GB
¯Kz‡ji †Kvb wPý Aewkó †bB| ¯Kz‡ji weÁvb wefv‡Mi cÖvq 20 nvRvi
UvKvi hš¿cvwZ GB me A¶iÁvbnxb cïiv bó K‡i w`‡q‡Q|
bvwmi Avng` Avgv‡K Av‡iv e‡j‡Qb †h, wbqwgZ GB nZ¨vh‡Ái ïi“‡Z jvk
cyuZevi Rb¨ ea¨f~wgi cv‡k GKwU Mfxi MZ© Lbb Kiv nq|
gvÎ K‡qK w`‡b jv‡k GB Mfxi MZ© fwZ© n‡q †M‡j m`¨ giv jvk
¸wj‡K Uªv‡K Pwo‡q Ab¨Î mwi‡q †djvi e¨e¯nv Kiv nq| Avgvi Aby‡iv‡a
bvwmi Avng` GB M‡Z©i gyL †_‡K mvgvb¨ gvwU mwi‡q cvuPwU biKsKvj
DVvb| Zvui g‡Z †mB M‡Z© Kg‡c‡¶ cvuP nvRvi biKsKvj i‡q‡Q| GB
†jvgnl©K ea¨f~ywg Pvwiw`‡K cvnvo w`‡q ‡Niv| ea¨f~wgi Pvwiw`‡K
wew¶ßfv‡e Qwo‡q i‡q‡Q nZfvM¨‡`i RvgvÐKvco RyZv cÖf„wZ| gvwU‡Z
i‡q‡Q Pvc Pvc we¯—i i‡³i `vM hv cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h MZ wW‡m¤¦‡ii cÖ_g
w`‡K GLv‡b K‡qKÕk †jvK‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q!
ea¨f~wgi cv‡k nvuUvi mg‡q gvwU‡Z Avwg †MvUv`k my¨UI †`L‡Z
†c‡qwQ| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ n‡”Q †h, †ijI‡q †cvU© Uªvó Ges Ab¨vb¨ Awd‡mi
†hme nZfvM¨ Awdmvi wb‡LvuR i‡q‡Qb, Zvu‡`i A‡bK‡KB GB ea¨f~wg‡Z
nZ¨v Kiv n‡‡q‡Q| bvwmi Avng‡`i g‡Z AZ¨vPv‡ii Kv‡jv w`b ¸‡jv‡Z ee©i
cvK evwnbx GB ea¨f~wg‡Z K‡qK nvRvi †jvK‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| wZwb ej‡Qb
†h, wbqwgZ GB nZ¨vh‡Ái ïi“‡Z †PvL evuav Ae¯nvq ea¨f~wg‡Z Avbv GK
`j †jvK‡K ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v Ki‡j ¸wji AvIqv‡R nZfvM¨‡`i jvBb K‡i
`vuov‡bv Ab¨`j g„Zy¨ f‡q PxrKvi Ki‡Zv e‡j c‡i ivB‡d‡j mvB‡jÝvi
jvwM‡q ¸wj K‡i gvivi c×wZ cÖewZ©Z nq|
wbqwgZ GB †jvg nl©K nZ¨vKv‡Ûi AviI `yBRb mv¶x cvIqv †M‡Q|
Giv n‡”Qb Mixeyj−vn kvn&i gvRv‡ii `v‡ivqvb Avãyj ReŸvi|
jvKmvg \ Kzwgj−v
jvKmvg Rsk‡b `vuwo‡q `w¶‡Y cwðg w`‡K `„wó †g‡j ai‡j †`qvj
‡Niv mywekvj GjvKv Ry‡o Kv‡jv is gvLv †h wØZj cÖvmv`wU †`Lv hv‡e †mwU
GKwU wmMv‡iU d¨v±ix| wKš‘ Zvi bvg hvÐB _vKzK bv †Kb jvKmvgevmxiv
GUv‡K nZ¨vcyix e‡jB Rv‡b| weMZ bqwU gv‡m GB d¨v±ixi wewfbœ †KvYvq
wewfbœ K‡¶ I †KvVvq wewfbœ †m‡j Ges Qv‡` †h AZ¨vPvi, bvix al©Y Ges
wbwe©Pv‡i MYnZ¨v P‡jwQj Zvi bRxi c„w_exi BwZnv‡m weij|
w`‡b iv‡Z hLb ZLb jvKmvg _vbvi wewfbœ MªvgM‡Ä nvbv w`‡q Mªvg
evsjvi wbixn bvixÐcyi“l‡`i a‡i G‡b Ges jvKmvg Rsk‡b A‡c¶gvb †Uªb
†_‡K hyeKÐhyeZx I hvÎx‡`i wQwb‡q G‡b GB nZ¨vcyix‡Z ee©i Lvb †mbviv
webó K‡i‡Q AMwbZ gv, †ev‡bi B¾Z, ea K‡i‡Q nvRvi nvRvi cÖvY|
‡Uªb †_‡K gwnjv hvÎx Avi Mªvg †_‡K cj−xevjv I Kzjeay‡`i‡K
wQwb‡q G‡b I‡`i Dj½ K‡i KviLvbvi Qv‡`i Dc‡i DwV‡q `yÕnvZ Dc‡i
Zy‡j mvivw`b fi †iwjswenxb Qv‡`i Dc‡i nvuU‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡Zv| KviLvbvi
AbwZ`~‡i hvÎxevnx †Uªb _vwg‡q hvÎx‡`i H Qv‡`i Dci `„wócvZ Ki‡Z
wb‡`©k †`qv n‡Zv| Ggwb fv‡e mvivw`bfi a„Z gvЇevb‡`i †eB¾wZ K‡i
iv‡Z KviLvbvi wewfbœ †KvVvq wb‡q †gRi Mvw`©wR I Zvi †`vmiiv gvЇevb‡`i
Dci Pvjv‡Zv cvkweK AZ¨vPvi| wb‡Riv †Zv g` cvb Ki‡Zv, bvix‡`iI g`
cv‡b eva¨ Kiv n‡Zv| Pvey‡K Avi Pvey‡K Ges cvkweK AZ¨vPv‡i RR©wiZ
n‡q ivwÎi MfxiZv †f‡½ cÖvqB †f‡m AvmZ gv †evb‡`i eyK dvUv Ki“Y
165
ÐÐÐÐÐÐ AvR †_‡K cÖvq mËiÐAvwk eQi Av‡Mi K_v| Avgv‡`i ¸i“
G‡m Av¯—vbv †c‡ZwQj e¸ov †Rjvi evMevb Kveivi GKwU eUMv‡Qi Qvqvq|
e¸ov kni ej‡Z ZLb wKQyB M‡o D‡Vwb| GKUv wU‡bi N‡i _vbv Ges
dzjevoxi igRvb gÛ‡ji GKwU Kv‡Vi KviLvbv †evanq wQj| AvR‡Ki
mvZÐgv_v ZLb wQj MvQcvjv Avi R½‡j fiv| Avgv‡`i ¸i“ Avb›` †Mv¯¦vgx
Ges †fi¸ †Mv¯—vgx GB c„w_ex †Q‡o A‡bK c~‡e©B we`vq wb‡q‡Qb| wKš‘
†mw`b GK m‡½ P‡j Avgvi wZbfvB| nvZ †eu‡a e¸ovi †mDRMvoxi Avb›`
AvkÖ‡g mKvj †ejv e‡m e‡m GB mvayevev me NUbv ejwQ‡jb| nvbv`vi cvK
evwnbx e¸ov `Lj Kivi ciI AvkÖ‡g PviRb mvay I wZbRb gvZv wQ‡jb|
nvbv`vi evwnbx wZbRb mvay‡K e¸ov †ij‡ók‡bi cwðg w`‡K wWMªx K‡jR
169
mo‡Ki cv‡k¦© ¸wj K‡i nZ¨v K‡i| G‡`i wfZi wQ‡jb my›`i mvay, g½j mvay
Ges ¯nvbxq ev`yiZjvi GKRb e„× gy‡b›`ªbv_ miKvi| wZbRbB wQ‡jb
e¸ovi cÖv³b Awaevmx| ÔGB wZb mvaÕy Ðej‡Z ej‡Z †Ku‡` †dj‡jb
mvayevev| e¸ovi AZxZ BwZnvm‡K ey‡K wb‡q GB mvay evev AvRI †eu‡P
Av‡Qb| e¸ovi Ggb †jvK KgB Av‡Qb hviv GB mvayevev‡K †P‡bb bv| cvK
`my¨‡`i RNb¨ b„ksmZvi ciI AvR †mŠfvM¨µ‡g †eu‡P Av‡Qb GB mvayevev|
hy‡Mvj wK‡kvi †Mvm¦vgx‡K wRÁvmv Kijvg, Avcwb evuP‡jb †Kgb K‡i ?
†n‡m wZwb ej‡jb, ÔÔIiv Avgv‡K †Kb †h nZ¨v K‡iwb Zv Avwg ej‡Z cvie
bv| Avgvi wZb fvB ZLb †L‡Z e‡mwQj| nVvr †mB gyû‡Z©B evoxi wfZ‡i
XyK‡jv K‡qKRb Aev½vjx| Iiv Avgvi fvB‡`i †L‡Z †`qwb| G‡mB fvB‡`i
nvZ †eu‡a ‡dj‡jv| I‡`i wb‡q hvIqvi mgq Avwg ejjvg, Avgv‡K gvi,
I‡`i wb‡q †h‡qvbv| e„× e‡jB †evanq Avgv‡K I‡`i m‡½ †bqwb| wKš‘
Avgvi fvB‡qiv Avi wd‡i Av‡mwb| GKw`b GK av½o G‡m Avgv‡K Rvbv‡jv,
ÔÔcvK †mbviv iv¯—vi av‡ii M‡Z© Avgvi fvB‡`i cy‡Z †i‡L‡Q|ÕÕ mvayevev‡K
wRÁvmv Kijvg,ÐÕ ÔÔAvcbviv mevB Av‡M cvjv‡jb bv †Kb ?ÕÕ mvayevev
cÖZy¨Ë‡i ej‡jb, ÔÔ†m A‡bK K_v evey| cÖvq mK‡jB ZLb kni †Q‡o P‡j
hvb| f³iv G‡m Avgv‡`i A‡bK Aby‡iva K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ms‡Ni mvayi
gvZviv wb‡la K‡iwQj| Avgiv Kv‡iv Ab¨vq Kwiwb| Iiv wbôyi Iiv Kvj, Iiv
A‡bK Ab¨vq K‡i‡QÕÕÐ K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z wgófvlx mvayevevi gyLЇPvL jvj
n‡q DVwQj| mvayevev ej‡jb, ÔIiv Avgv‡KI Qv‡owb|Õ gv‡S gv‡SB cvK
†mbviv AvkÖ‡g Ab¨vqfv‡e cÖ‡ek Ki‡Zv| Avgvi mvg‡b e›`yK a‡i ej‡Zv,
ÔUvKv KvunvÐ UvKv †`vuÐ Iiv Avgvi cvuPkZ UvKv Av‡MB wb‡q †M‡Q, wKš‘
Zvic‡iI Avm‡Zv UvKvi †Lvu‡R| GB †`Lyb Avgvi wc‡V iW w`‡q A‡bK
†g‡i‡Q| memgq Iiv Avgv‡K †Qvivi f‡q Kvey †i‡L‡Q| GK w`b Iiv
Avgv‡K gw›`‡ii mvg‡b `vuo Kwi‡q ej‡jv, ÔÔKzqv Kvnv nvq ?ÕÕ Avwg
†f‡ewQjvg Iiv Gevi Avgv‡K †g‡i †dj‡e| Iiv Avgv‡K ej‡jv, ÔÔeyÇv Zyg
Kv‡jgv co|ÕÕ Gici nVvr Rvwbbv I‡`i wK g‡b nIqv‡Z Avgv‡K †Q‡o w`j|
Avwg †eu‡P AvwQ, wKš‘ Iiv Avgv‡K †hgb AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q, Zv‡Z †eu‡P
_vKvUvB Avðh©| Rvb‡Z PvBjvg, bqwU gvm Avcbvi I gvZv‡`i Lvevi msMªn
Ki‡jb †Kv‡Ì‡K? wZwb ej‡jb ÔÔA‡bK Kó K‡iwQ| wf‡¶I K‡iwQ| cv‡ki
Mªv‡g wM‡qwQ| GKUy AvaUy hv †cZvg ZvB †L‡q evuPZvg| Avgv‡`i `k gY
Pvj, 8Uv Mi“, cÖvq nvRvi UvKvi evmbcÎvw` me jyU K‡i wb‡q †M‡Q Iiv|
†Pv‡Li mvg‡b †`LZvg, wKš‘ wKQyB ej‡Z cvwiwb| gv‡S gv‡S f³iv †Mvc‡b
wKQy mvnvh¨ w`‡q †hZ| ZvB w`‡q Pvwj‡q wb‡qwQ|ÕÕ
AvkÖ‡gi c~e©w`‡Ki evMv‡b (¸i“i cÖ_g Av¯—vbv) †`wL‡q mvayevev
ej‡jb ÐH †h ILv‡b GKUv e× K~c Av‡Q| cÖvq cÖwZ w`bB Ki“Y Kvbœvi
170
`~‡i| evoxUvi Pvwiw`‡K `xN© bq gv‡m Nvm Avi R½‡j cÖvq fwZ© n‡qwQj|
cvKevwnbx †m¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Zv bv| KviY R½‡ji gv‡S GBiKg GKwU
evox‡Z Zv‡`i ev½vjx wba‡bi †bkv LyeB †e‡o †hZ| ïay ZvB bq, ee©i
cvK‡mbviv GB evox‡Z g` Avi Ryqvi AvÇvI emv‡Zv| w`‡b iv‡Z Zviv
ILv‡b Avmi Rgv‡Zv wbwe©‡Nœ | I‡`i †KD evuav w`‡Z cv‡i bvB| i‡³i
†bkvq ee©iiv n‡b¨ n‡q ev½vjx‡`i Luy‡R Avb‡Zv| `vkxb Rgv`vi‡K wR‡Ám
Kijvg, ÔÔZywg KZRb ev½vjxi g„Z‡`n GB K~‡c †d‡j‡Qv|ÕÕ ÐÔÔwK Avi
ej‡ev ûRyi ! wek¦vm Ki‡eb bv ! Avgvi nv‡ZB Kgc‡¶ PviÐcvuP kZ jvk
GB Kzqvq †d‡jwQ| Rj−v`iv ZvwK‡q ZvwK‡q †`L‡Zv ûRyi, Avwg wK Kwi|
Avwg jvk¸‡jv cyu‡Z ivL‡Z PvBZvg| wKš‘ Iiv †`q bvB| Iiv Avgv‡K
ej‡Zv, ÔZyÕ kvjv wn›`y nvq| GB‡m `i`& wKD jvMZv!ÕÕ Rvb‡Z PvB‡jg
Ô‡Zvgvi mvg‡bB wK Iiv nZ¨v Ki‡Zv|ÕÕ e„× e‡j PjwQj, ÔÔwK e‡jb mv‡ne!
Avgv‡K Iiv fq †cZbv| cÖ_‡g ev½vjx‡K a‡i Avb‡Zv, Zvici nvZ †eu‡a
gy‡Li wfZi Kvco ¸u‡R †`q| Gici nq †c‡Ui wfZi PvKz gv‡i, bv nq
RevB K‡i| †KvbUvi Avevi wcQb w`‡K †_‡K Nv‡o Qywi ewm‡q RevB Ki‡Zv|
I‡`i `qv bvB| KvbœvKvwU Aby‡iva wKQyB ï‡bwb| KZ ev½vjx †h Kvu`‡Zv
ûRyi, wK Ki‡ev| wgwjUvixiv LywkgZ gvbyl‡K ¸jx Ki‡Zv| Zvici Avgv‡K
ej‡Zv ÔBwQ †Kv nVv‡`vÕ| Avwg eva¨ n‡q KvR K‡iwQ ûRyi| wKš‘ Iiv
Avgv‡KI Qv‡o bvB| †ij †ók‡bi ev½vjx†`i Avwg Av‡MB ejZvg †Zvgiv
m‡i hvI| Avwg I‡`i GBw`‡K Avm‡Z †`Bwb| †Mvc‡b †Mvc‡b Avwg A‡bK
ev½vjx mv‡ne‡K mveavb K‡iwQ| wKš‘ wgwjUvixiv GUv Rvb‡Z †c‡i Avgv‡K
m‡›`n K‡i Nv‡o ivB‡dj w`‡q gv‡i| ïay jvk mivevi Rb¨B Avgv‡K evuwP‡q
†i‡L‡Q| Iiv ûRyi eo eo mv‡ne‡KI RevB K‡i‡Qиjx K‡i‡Q|ÕÕcv‡k
cvK©Ð‡iv‡Wi GKwU †Wªb †`wL‡q ejj, ÔÔGLv‡b wZbUv, ILv‡b 1Uv, GB iKg
A‡bK mv‡n‡ei jvk GB †Wª‡bB Av‡Q ûRyi| Iiv fvjfv‡e cyu‡Z ivL‡ZI
Avgv‡K †`qwb| Avgv‡K m†›`n K‡i Lye gvi‡Zv, Zvi Dci Avgvi PvKzix bó
K‡i w`j mv‡ne| K‡qK gvm a‡i bv †L‡q AvwQ|ÕÕ Svoy `vkxb cvK ee©i‡`i
ey‡j‡Ui mvg‡b bv †L‡qB w`b KvwU‡q‡Q| PvKzix‡Z cybe©nv‡ji K_v †mw`b †m
gy‡L Avb‡Z cv†i bvB| Zvi `„p wek¦vm wQj, hviv Ggwbfv‡e kZ kZ
gvbyl‡K nZ¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i GK gy‡Vv fv‡Zi Afv‡e GK Mix‡ei Rb¨
wPš—v Kivi mgq †Kv_vq ? e¸ov †ij GmÐwWÐI evs‡jvi c~e©w`‡Ki gvVUv
GLb Kei¯nv‡b cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| e¸ov kµgy³ nIqvi c~e© gyûZ© ch©š— GB
evsjv‡Zv †Kvb ev½vjx Avm‡Z cv‡iwb| e¸ov kni kµgy³ n‡q‡Q wVKB,
wKš‘ GB evs‡jvi cÖwZwU N‡ii †g‡S Avi †`qv‡j gvby‡li i‡³ †fRv eû
KvcoÐRvgv BZ¨vw` i³v³ Ae¯nvq c‡owQj| evs‡jvi Dci Zjvi nvD‡R
ee©iZvi me‡P‡q eo cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| GB nvDRwU wQj m¤ú~Y© gvby‡li
173
i‡³ fiv| i³¸‡jv Rgv n‡q µgkt RgvU †eu‡a hvq| †Kv`vj w`‡q gvwU
KvUvi gZ RgvU evauv i³ †K†U GB nvDR cwi¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q| RevB Kiv
gvby‡li i‡³ †mªvZ †`Lvi Rb¨B †eva nq nvD‡R i³ Rgv Ki‡Zv| i³
†`‡LB nq‡Zv i³cv‡bi Z„òv Rj−v`†`i evo‡Zv †ekx| e¸ov †ij‡ókb Avi
†ókb msjMœ †ijjvB‡bi Av‡kcv‡k KZ wbixn †deªyqvwi ‡K †h cvK‡mbv
Avi Zvi mn‡hvMxiv nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Zvi wn‡me †bB| KZ wbixn gvbyl †h GB
`my¨‡`i nv‡Z cÖvY w`‡q‡Qb Avi GKvš— Amnvqfv‡e g„Zy¨‡K †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb
†KD ej‡Z cv‡i bv| e¸ovq cvK `my¨iv ev½vjx‡`i a‡i ej‡Zv,ÔBwQ‡Kv
LiPv LvZv †g (g„Zy¨ LvZv) DVv ‡`I|ÕÐÐÐÐÐЇevaKwi †ij‡ók‡bi I Zvi
Av‡kcv‡ki wbôyi ee©iZv Avi nZ¨vh‡Ái ØvivB Zv‡`i Li‡Pi LvZv c~Y© n‡q
†M‡Q|
`wjjcÎ, 8g LÛ c„ t 532
Lyjbvq cvKevwnbxi bi‡gahÁ
\ wbRm¦ cÖwZwbwa †cÖwiZ \
†_‡K ïi“ n‡jv RevB, wKš‘ msL¨vq Kg‡jvbvІmB kZvwaK cÖwZ iv‡Z|
Gic‡ii NUbv Pig wbôyiZvi| iv‡Îi e`‡j nZ¨vi Rb¨ w`‡bi †ejv‡K †e‡Q
wbj|
mK‡ji †Pv‡Li mvg‡b w`‡b wcV †gvov †`Iqv UªvK fwZ© ev½vjx wb‡q
hvIqv n‡Zv Avi N›Uv Lv‡bK ci ïb¨ UªvK wd‡i Avm‡ZvÐMj−vgvix‡Z c‡o
iB‡Zv wKQy¶Y Av‡Mi hvIqv †mBme gvby‡li kxZj †`n¸wj| Lyjbv kni
gy³ nIqvi ci Mj−vgvix Lvj †_‡K `yB UªvK gv_vi Lywj cvIqv wMqvwQj|
Qwe Zyjevi Rb¨ Mj−vgvixi Af¨š—‡ii avb‡¶‡Z Xy‡K †`Ljvg GK
b„ksm `„k¨| GKvwaK jvk c‡o Av‡Q, †mw`‡K GKwU KzKzi Lv‡”Q Avi `~‡i
Aci GKwU jv‡ki cv‡k Avi GKwU KzKzi e‡m nvucv‡”Q| g‡b nq gvbyl
†L‡q Zvi D`i AwZgvÎvq cwic~Y©|
fve‡ZI AevK jv‡M m„wói †kÖô Rxe e‡j L¨vZ gvbyl‡K KzKz‡i †U‡b wQu‡o
Lv‡”Q|
(`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 534)
PÆMªv‡gi 20wU ea¨f~ywg‡Z
ev½vjx wbabhÁ P‡j‡Q|
\c~e©‡`k cÖwZwbwa\
`wjjcÎ, 8g LÛ c„ t 578
iscy‡ii `yÕwU MYmgvwai mÜvb jvf
`wjjcÎ 8g LÛ c„ t 609
1971 t AvjgbMi, iscyi
wZbwU ¸jx, wZb‡U kã, wZb‡U `vM evmy wgTvi| GKwU †Pv‡L, GKwU
gy‡L, GKwU ey‡K| evmy wgTvi Avi GK bvg †gvnv¤§` BmgvBj wgTv| wZwb
iscyi kn‡ii AvjgbMi wbevmx GKRb RbMYgvb¨ †`ke‡iY¨ wewkó e¨emvqx
wQ‡jb|
Zvi Aciva wZwb abx Ges AvIqvgx jxMvi| Zv‡K †hw`b gviv nq
Avwg †mw`b iscy‡i| GKvˇii GwcÖj gv‡mi cÖ_gw`‡K m¦cwiev‡i wbRm¦
†gvU‡i K‡i kni †_‡K cvjv‡jb `~i gdm¦jÐÔÔcÙM‡ÄÕÕ| evmy wgTv cvjv‡bvi
K‡qK w`b Av‡MB Zvi evoxi cv‡ki cvovi (‡gvoj) AvwRR wgTv‡K Lvb
†mbviv iscyi c−vUdg© †_‡K Aev½vjx‡`i Bkvivq a‡i wb‡q hvq| AvR ch©š—
†m AvwRR wgTv Avi N‡i wd‡i Av‡mbwb| Avwg ZLb m¦qs iscyi c−vUdi‡g
`vuov‡bv|
evmy wgTv cvjv‡jb RvbvRvwb n‡q †Mj Aev½vjx‡`i g‡a¨| ïi“ nj
Zvi Zj−vkx| Gw`‡K kn‡i aicvKo K‡i c‡_ÐNv‡U mgv‡b ¸jx K‡i gvi‡Q
Lvb †mbviv ey‡bv ï‡qv‡ii gZ|
GKw`b kn‡ii MY¨gvb¨ me©cwiwPZ GMviRb ev½vjx‡K nvZ cv †eu‡a
gvwnMÄ k¥kv‡b ivZ eviUvq ¸jx K‡i gv‡i| Zvi g‡a¨ GKRb f`ª‡jvK
ÔÔWvt g›UyÕÕ| wZwb cÖ_g ¸jxi AvIqv‡R gyû‡Z©B AÁvb n‡q c‡o hvb
NvZ‡Ki A‡MvP‡i| GMviR‡bi Dci cÖvq 30/40 wU ey‡jU Pvwj‡q P‡j hvq|
wKš‘ weavZvi B”Qv Wv³vi g›Uy g‡ibwb| †kl iv‡Zi w`‡K wZwb AvnZ
Ae¯nvq Ávb wd‡i †c‡q k¥kvb I evuab gy³ n‡q fvi‡Zi ‡Kvb GK
178
nvmcvZv‡j †h‡q fwZ© nb| g„Z `kR‡bi g‡a¨ Ri‡RU wgTvi Rb¨ AvRI
iscy‡ii †jvK `xN©k¦vm Qv‡o|
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
`wjjcÎ, 8g LÛ c„ t 615Ð617
ÔÔAvgvi nv‡Z GKUv wc¯—j Zy‡j w`‡q wZwb ej‡jb, K‡b©j kvnby‡ii
e`jv nq‡Zv Avgvi Ici †_‡KB Iiv †b‡e|†Zvgv‡K AvZ¥i¶vi R‡b¨ wc¯—j
w`‡q †Mjvg| Iiv †Zvgvi IciI AvµgY Pvjv‡Z cv‡i|
K_v¸‡jv e‡jB wZwb evB‡i G‡m `vuov‡jb| mk¯¿ cvK †mbviv Zvu‡K
Mvox‡Z Zy‡j wb‡q P‡j †Mj| Zvici wZwb Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb|ÕÕ
cvKÐnvbv`vi evwnbxi nv‡Z wbnZ 40 wdì G¨v¤¦y‡j‡Ýi KgvwÛs
Awdmvi †jd‡Ub¨v›U K‡b©j Wvt byi“j Avemvi †gvnvg¥` Rvnv½x‡ii cZœx
wg‡mm †Rey‡bœmv Rvnv½xi ev¯úi“× K‡Ú K_v¸‡jv ej‡jb|
ÔÔevsjvi gvwU Avi evsjvi gvby‡li cªwZ fvjevmvB wQj Zvi me‡P‡q
eo Aciva| Zv bv n‡j †Kb Ggb n‡e ? Avgvi m¦vgx †Kvb Ab¨vq K‡ibwb|
Zey †Kb Iiv Avgvi m¦vgx‡K wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Ki‡jv? wZwb ev½vjxÐGUvB wK
Zvi me‡P‡q eo Aciva?ÕÕ GKUy †_‡g K_v ejwQ‡jb wg‡mm †Rey‡bœmv
Rvnv½xi|
wZwb ejwQ‡jb GKvˇii Dwb‡k gv‡P©i GKwU NUbv| Kzwgj−v
K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U D”P c`¯n Avwg© Awdmvi‡`i Ri“ix Kbdv‡iÝ| Av‡jvPbvi
welqÐevsjv‡`‡ki hye mgvR‡K mg~‡j DrLvZ Ki‡Z n‡e| D³ Kbdv‡i‡Ý
weª‡MwWqvi BKevj kwd, †jt K‡b©j BqvKze gvwjK, †gRi AvMv †evLvix,
†gRi myjZvb (‡ejyP †iwR‡g‡›Ui †jvK) mn A‡bK D”Pc`¯n cvK Avwg©
Dcw¯nZ wQ‡jv| mfvq wm×vš—— †bqv n‡jvÐevsjvi msMªvgx hye mgvR‡K
G‡jvcv_vwo fv‡e nZ¨v Kiv n‡e| wKš‘ cÖ¯—v‡ei we‡ivaxZv Ki‡jb †jt
K‡b©j Rvnv½xi| bv, Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv, Am¤¢e| `„p cÖZ¨q wb‡q wZwb †mw`b
cÖ¯—v‡ei wei“‡× i“‡L `vuwo‡qwQ‡jb|
Avi Gici †_‡KB †Kvb Kbdv‡i‡Ý Rbve Rvnv½xi‡K WvKv n‡Zv bv|
wZwb †h‡Z PvB‡jI Zv‡K XyK‡Z †`qv n‡Zv bv|
179
wZwb nv‡mb| e‡jb, 26 nvRvi gvbyl †g‡i‡Q Zviv wnmve K‡i; Avgv‡`i
GLv‡bB †Zv †g‡i‡Q 10 nvRv‡ii ‡ekx|
‡gvt mvgmyj nK
mnKvix wnmve i¶K, evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q
cvnvoZjx, PUªMªvg
(`wjjcÎ, Aóg LÛ c„t 355)
BwZnv‡m Zv weij|
10B b‡f¤¦i Lye mKvj †ejv cvnvoZjxi cvÄvex jvBb, Iqvi‡jm& K‡jvbx,
evnv`yi kvn K‡jvbxi wkï, hyeK, hyeZx, bvix, cyi“l, e„ׇK K‡jvbxi evmv nB‡Z
†Rvi c~e©K awiqv Av‡b Ges Kvnv‡K Kvnv‡K wgwjUvix Awdmvi mv‡ne Wv‡K ewjqv
†avuKv w`qv Iqvi‡jm K‡jvbxi wbKU¯’ cvnv‡o `j evuwaqv wbqv hvq| †mLv‡b Rj−-
v‡`iv avivj A¯¿ I m¦qsµxq A¯¿ w`qv `qvgqvnxb Ae¯’vq nZ¨vhÁ Pvjvq| mKvj
Avgiv K‡qKRb AveQvi DwÏb, Ave`ym †Qvenvb I †gvt Qv‡e` wgqv nZ¨vhÁ
cvnv‡oi R½j nB‡Z †`wL‡Z cvB| mv‡_ mv‡_ Wejgywis _vbvq mwnZ †hvMv‡hvM
c‡i `ycy‡i gymjxg jxM, Rvgv‡Z Bmjvgx I wc, wW, wci `vjvjw`M‡KI GB
†jvK‡K nZ¨v Kwiqv Zvnv‡`i kix‡ii Kvco ¸wj GKwGZ Kwiqv †c‡Uªvj w`qv
R¡vjvBqv w`qvwQj|
K‡jvbx †`wL‡Z Av‡m| mv‡_ Avgiv cÖvq wZbkZ †jvK Zvnv‡`i mv‡_ D³ RvqMvq
wMqv †cuŠQvB| nvRvi nvRvi bvix cyi“‡li jvk cwoqv Av‡Q| †Kv_vI †Kv_vI g„Z‡`n
_vwK‡Z cv‡ibvB| bi cïiv AvZ¥xq m¦Rb‡K jvk w`‡Z Am¦xKvi K‡i| cvnv‡oi
183
Dc‡i wbj©¾ Ae¯’vq A‡bK hyeZx I bvix ‡`n ¶Z we¶Z Ae¯’vq cwoqv Av‡Q|
m¦v¶i/Ð
‡gvt mvgmyj nK
7/4/73
24‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L we‡`kx mvsevw`KMY‡K XvKv nB‡Z AcmviY Kiv nq|
25/26 †k gvP© MYnZ¨vi cÖvi¤¢ Ab¨vb¨ mvsevw`K‡`iI AcmviY Kiv nq| wKš‘
hy³ivR¨, hy³ivóª I Ab¨vb¨ †`k nB‡Z wewfbœ mg‡q cvj©v‡g›U, Ks‡Mªm I wm‡bU
m¤ú‡K© Zvnv‡`i gg©vwš—K AwfÁZv eY©bv K‡ib| wb‡æ Zvnvi K‡qKwU gvÎ eY©bv
Kiv nBj|
c~btcÖPvi|
`wjjcÎt ·qv`k LÛ c„t 125
REPRINTED FROM THE GUARDIAN, MAY 27, 1971 BY ACTION
BANGLADESH, 34, STRATFORD VILLAS, LONDON, N.W-1.
East Bengal atrocities
Sir,-We are not reporters with little time to spare looking for
the best stories. We have each lived in West Bengal for most of 20
years and we have talked at random with hundreds of refugees in
the course of our relief work among them. The total picture of what
has been happening in East Bengal is clear to us without any
shadow of doubt.
The pattern, after seven weeks, is still the same. Even the
least credible stories, of babies thrown up to be caught on bayonets,
of women stripped and bayoneted vertically, or of children sticed up
like meat, are credible not only because they are told by so many
people, but because they are told by people without sufficient
sophistication to make up such stories for political motives.
all......” Next to her is a girl still trembling from day-long raping and
a vaginal bayonet would.
When we told about our opinion they replied: Wait, you will
see things yourself at the boundary !
The village which they had been forced to leave was burning.
An old white haired man lifted his hands towards heaven and cried
out his grief. With gestures he told us that all his eight children had
been killed. A finger across the throat told the story. The fefugees
were so eager to tell their story that they in fact did not discover we
did not know the language.
I was in Biafra for six months. I hoped I would never see a tragedy
on that scale again. The situation in Bengal in its beginning is worse than
of having a very thin child and do not become unduly alarmed at the
sight. In fact, they would rather leave the child alone than coax him
to take any extra rice or dahl if the child refuses to take anything at
all-even fluids.
12|
wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL
cvwK¯—v‡b fq¼i ‡Ljv| wbD BqK© UvBgm| 4 GwcÖj, 1971
killings had filtered out to leave little doubt, even in the minds of
199
The morning after the attack, Mr. Bhutto and his aides, under
heavy military protection, were flown back to friendly terriroty in
West Pakistan, where the political leader promptly announced.
“Pakistan has been saved by the grace of the Almighty.”
But it will take more than religious orotory to save Pakistan as
a united Moslem country. Religion was the social glue that was
supposed to have held the two wings together, but it was never
enough.
It may take a long time, but none of the witnesses to the
recent-surge of Bengali nationalism and to the barbarism of the
army attack doubts that it will happen. In the meantime, as Sheikh
Mujib was fond of chanting with the adoring crowds that thronged
to his now razed house : “Sangram, Sangram. Cholbey, Cholbey.”
“The fight will go on. The fight will go on.”
-Sydney H. Schanberg.
13|
wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL
cvwK¯—vbxiv †deªyqvwi ‡`i wbwðý ewë‡gvi mvb 4 GwcÖj, 1971
K‡i‡Q|
Less than four months ago, the West Pakistan Army said
it could not send soldiers and helicopters to East Bengal to save
survivors of the cyclone that took hundreds of thousands of
lives in the mouth of the Ganges. If troops and helicopters were
moved from West Pakistan, India might attack, the Army said.
By the time the Army Statement was issued, India was
increasing its offers of relief aid for the cyclone victims.
Today, that same West Pakistan Army shows every sign of
being prepared to send its last soldier to more populous East
Bengal, if necessary, in an all-out effort to shoot to death the
results of last December’s elections.
No room remains for doubt as to the Punjabi-dominated
Army’s determination to go the whole distance.
202
For the only justification that could ever emerge for the grisly
scenes of a week ago Thursday and Friday would be a total victory
of bullets over the nonviolent attempts of the Bengalis to put in
power the men they had elected in polling sanctioned by the Army.
Newsmen Toured Carnage
aid, only by a total military victory. And any military victory will
require growing, not diminishing, bloodshed as the Bengalis-unified
to a man for the first time in decades-struggle to resist.
Clues as to how cooly the West Pakistanis had calculated
their plan to shoot and burn the Bengalis into submission are
provided by the personal actions of some West Pakistani politicians
at the Hotel Intercontinental on the night the holocaust started.
75|
wk‡ivbvg m~Î ZvwiL
GKwU RvwZ‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡”Q| wbDRDBK 2 AvM÷, 1971
that at my village. But it was. The village was just a mass of charred
rubble and corpses. My wife and child were missing. There was just
one old lady alive and she could no longer talk. She just sat on the
ground, shaking and moaning.
With the passing of time, the magnitude of the slaughter has
diminished, but there has been no lessening in the brutality of the
Pakistani army. Last week, Newsweek’s Loren Jenkins, who was in
Dacca the night that Gen. Tikka Khan’s troops launched their
campaign of murder, cabled the following report on conditions in
East Pakistan now:
Four months after the first flush of bloodletting, East Pakistan
still lives in fear. But instead of being the cowering, grovelling fear
that the army sought to instill, it is a sullen fear tinged with quiet
defiance and hate. It is a fear based on the apppreciation of a very
harsh reality, not a fear that marks people of broken spirit. Walking
along a Dacca street recently, I met a journalist I had known before.
Our eyes met and he nodded, but he appeared embarrassed.
Glancing nervously all around, he muttered, “My God, my God,
civilized man cannot describe the horror that has been done.” An
hour later another friend explained : “We have been ordered not to
talk to foreign journalists. We are scared. We live in terror of the
mid-night knock on the door. So many people have been killed. So
many more have disappeared. And more vanish every night.”
One who vanished in the night was Mujib, who is now
reportedly held in prison in the western garrison town of Mianwali.
A hero before, Mujib has now become a martyr. For all his
conspicious faults, he has become the symbol of Bengali patriotism.
Yet Yahya, almost boastfully, told a recent visitor, “My generals are
pushing for a military trial for Mujib and for his execution. I have
agreed and the trial will be held soon.” No policy could be more
short-sighted or more likely to harden Bengali resistance. As one
western diplomat told me, “Yahya is simply out of his mind. He still
does not even understand what his army had done. He thinks they
can kill of a couple of hundred thousand people, try Mujib for
treason, force a return to order and all will be forgotten. This is utter
nonsense. These people will not forget.”
206
Guerrilla Resistance
m~Î ZvwiL
wk‡ivbvg
155| MYnZ¨v mvb‡W UvBgm 13 Ryb, 1971
.........................................................................................................
................................................................................................
For six days as I travelled with the officers of the 9th Division
headquarters at Comilla I witnessed at close quarters the extent of
the killing. I saw Hindus, hunted from village to village and door to
door, shot off hand after a cursory “short-arm inspection” showed
they were uncircumcised. I have heard the screams of men
bludgeoned to death in the compound of Circuit House (civil
administrative headquarters) in Comilla, I have seen truckloads of
other humand targets and those who had the humanity to try to
help them hauled off “off disposal” under the cover of darkness and
curfuew. I have witnessed the brutality of “kill and burn missions”
as they army units, after clearing out the rebels, pursued the
pogrom in the towns and the villages.
I have seen whole villages devastated by “punitive action.”
And in the officers, mess at night I have listened incredulously
as otherwise brave and honourable men proudly chewed over the
day’s kill.
“How many did you get ?”
The answers are seared in my memory.
All this is being done, as any West Pakistani officer will tell
you, for the “preservation of the unity, the integrity and the ideology
212
of Pakistan.” It is, of course, too late for that. The very military
action that is designed to hold togather the two wings of the
country, separated by a thousand miles of India, has confirmed the
ideological and emotional break. East Bengal can only be kept in
Pakistan by the heary had of the army. And the army is dominated
by the Punjabis, who traditionally despise and dislike the Bengalis.
The break is so complete today that few Bengalis will willingly
be seen in the company of a West Pakistani. I have a distressing
experience of this kind during my visit to Dacca when I went to visit
and old friend. “I’m sorry’ he told me as he turned away, “things
have changed. The Pakistan that you and I knew has ceased to
exist. Let us put it behind us.”
Hours later a Punjabi army officer, talking about the
massacre of the non-Bengalis before the army moved in, told me :
“They have treated us more brutally than the sikhs did in the
partition riots in 1947. How can we ever forgive or forget this?”
The bone-crushing military operation has two distinctive
features. One is what the authorities like to call “cleansing process.”
: a euphemism for massacre. The other is the “rehabilitation effort.”
This is a way of describing the moves to turn East Bengal into a
docile colony of West Pakistan. These commonly used expressions
and the repeated official references to “miscreants” and “infiltrators”
are part of the charade which is being enacted for the benefit of the
world. Strip away the propaganda, and the rality is colonisation-
and killing.
The justificaton for the annihilation of the Hindus was
parapharased by Lt.-Gen. Tikka Khan, the military governor of East
Pakistan, in a radio broadcast I heard on April 18. He said : “The
Muslims of East Pakistan, who had played a leading part in the
creation of Pakistan, are determined to keep it alive. However, the
voice of the vast majority had been suppressed through coereion,
threats to life and property by a vocal, violent and agressive
minority, which forced the Awami League to adopt the destructive
coruse.”
Others, speaking privately, were more blund in seeking
justification.
213
with bullet holes and a foul smell still lingered on the staircase,
although it had been heavily powdered with DDT. Neighbours said
the bodies of 23 women and children had been carted away only
hours before. They had been decomposing on the roof since March
25. It was only after much questioning that I was able to ascertain
that the victims belonged to the near-by Hindu shanties. They had
sought shelter in the building as the army closed in.
This is Genocide conducted with amazing casualness. Sitting
in the office of Major Agha, Martial Law Administrator of Comilla
City, on the morning of the April 19, I saw the offhand manner in
which sentences were meted out. A Bihari sub-inspector of police
had walked in with a list of prisoners being held in the police lock-
up. Agha looked it over. Then, with a flick of his pencil, he casually
ticked off four names on the list.
“Bring these four to me this evening for disposal,” he said. He
look at the list again. The pencil flicked once more. “....and bring
this thief along with them.”
The death sentence had been pronounced over a glass of
coconut milk. I was informed that two of the prisoners were Hindus,
the third a ‘student,’ and the fourth an Awami league organiser. The
‘thief’, it transpired, was a lad named Sebastain who had been
caught moving the household effects of a Hindu friend to his own
house.
Later that evening I saw these men, their hands and legs tied
loosely with a singel rope, being led down the road to the Circuit
House compound. A little after curfew, which was at 6 o’clock, a
flock of squawking mynah birds were disturbed in thier play by the
thwacking sound of wooden clubs meeting bone and flesh.
Captain Azmat of the Baluch Regiment had two claims to
fame accoridng to the mess banter. One was his job as ADC to
Major-Gen. Shaukat Raza, commanding officer of the 9th Division.
The other was thrust on him by his colleagues’ ragging.
Azmat, it transpired, was the only officer in the group who
had not made a “kill.” Major Bashir needled him mercilessly.
216
“Come on Azmat,” Bashir told him one night, “we are going to
make a man of you. Tomorrow we will see how you can make them
run. It’s so easy.”
To underscore the point Bashir went into one of his long
spiels. Apart from his duties as SSO, Bashir was also “education
officer” at Headquarters. He was the only Punjabi officer I found who
could speak Bengali fluently. By general agreement Bashir was also
a selftaught bore who gloried in the sound of his own voice.
A dhari walla (bearded man), we were told, had come to see
Bashir that morning to inquire about his brother, a prominent
Awami League organiser of Comilla who had been netted by the
army some days earlier. Dhor gaya, Bashir said he told him : “he
has run away.” The old man couldn’t comprehend how his brother
could have escaped on a broken leg. Neither could I. So Major
Bashir, with a broad wink, enlightened me.
The record would show Dhor gaya : “shot while escaping.”
I Never did find out whether Captain Azmat got his kill. The
rebel Bengali forces who had dug in at Feni, seventy miles north of
Chittagong on the highway to Comilla, had tied down the 9th
Division by destroying all the bridges and culverts in the area.
General Raza was getting hell from Eastern Command at Dacca
which was anxious to have the south-eastern border sealed against
escaping rebels. It was also desperately urgent to open this only
land route to the north to much-needed supplies that had been
piling up in the port at Chittagong.
So General Razza was understandably waspish. He flew over
the area almost daily. He also spent hours haranguing the bridge
that was bogged down at Feni. Captain Azmat, as usual, was the
General’s shadow. I did not see him again. But if experience is any
pointer, Azmat, probably had to sweat out his “kill”-and the ragging-
for another three weeks. It was only on May 8 that the 9th Division
was able to clear Feni and the surrounding area. By then the
Bengali rebels, forced out by relentless bombing and artillery
barrages, had escaped with their weapons across the neighbouring
broder into India.
217
to the villages, was the stock reply. Now, in the countryside, there
still no Bengalis. Comilla town, like Dacca, was heavily shuttered.
And in ten miles on the road to Laksham, past silent villages, the
peasants I saw could have been counted on the fingers of both
hands.
There were, of course, soldiers-hundreds of unsmilling men in
khaki each with an automatic rifle. According to orders, the rifles
never left their hands. The roads are constantly patrolled by tough,
trigger-happy men. Wherever the army is, you won’t find Bengalis.
Martial law orders, constantly repeated on the radio and in
the Press, proclaim the death penalty for anyone caught in the act of
sabotage. If a road is obstrcuted or a bridge damaged or destroyed,
all hourses within 100 yards of the spot are liable to be demolished
and their inhabitants rounded up.
The practice is even more terrible than anything the words
could suggest. “Punitive action” is something that the Bengalis have
come to dread.
We saw what this meant when we were approaching Hajiganj,
which straddles the road to Chandpur, on the morning of April,17.
A few miles before Hajiganj, a 15-foot bridge had been damaged the
previous night by rebels who were still active in the area. According
to Major Rathore (G-2 Ops.) an army unit had immediately been
sent out to take punitive aciton. Long spirals of smoke could be seen
on all sides up to a distance of a quarter of a mile from the damaged
bridge. And as we carefull drove over a bed of wooden boards, with
which it had been hastily reparired, we could see house in the
village on the right beginning to catch fire.
At the back of the village some jawans were spreading the
flames with dried coconut fronds. They make excellent kindling and
are normally used for cooking. We could also see a body sprawled
bweteen the coconut trees at the entrance to the village. On the
other side of the road another village in the rice paddies showed
evidence of the fire that had gutted more than a dozen bamboo and
mat huts. Hundreds of villagers had escaped before the army came.
Others, like the man among the coconut trees, were slow to get
away.
219
The tallest of the trio, who was supervising the break in,
turned and peered at us. “Mota,” (Fatty) he shouted, “what the hell
do you think we are doing ?”
Recognishing the voice, Rathore grew a water-melon smile. It
was, he informed me, his old friend “Ifty-Major Iftikhar of the 12th
Frontier Force Refiles.
Rathore : “I thought someone was looting”
Iftikhar : “Looting ? No. We are on kill and burn.”
Waving his hand to take in the shops, he said he was going to
destory the lot.
Rathore : “How may did you get?”
Iftikhar : smiled bashfully.
Rathore : “Come on. How many did you get ?”
Iftikhar : “Only twelve. And by God we were lucky to get them.
220
We would have lost those, too, if I hand’t sent my men from the
back.”
Prodded by Major Rathore, Iftikhar then went on to describe
vividly how after much searching in Hajiganj he had discovered
twelve Hindus hiding in a house on the outskirts of the town. These
had been “disposed of.” Now Major Iftikhar was on the second part
of his mission : burn.
In front of the shop a small display cabinet was crammed with
patent medicines, cough syrups, some bottles of mango squash,
imitation jewellery, reels of coloured thread and packets of knicker
elastic. Iftikhar kicked it over, smashing the light woodwork into
kindling. Next he reached out for some jute shopping bags on one
shelf. He took some plastice toys from another. A bundle of
handkerchiefs and a small bolt of red cloth joined the pile on the
floor. Iftikhar heaped them all together and borrowed a box from one
of the jawans sitting in our Toyota. The jawan had ideas of his own.
Jumping from the vehicle he ran to the shop and tried to pull down
one of the umbrellas hanging from the low ceiling of shop. Iftikhar
ordered him out.
Looting he was sharply remined, was against orders.
Iftikhar soon had a fire going. He threw burning jute bags into
one corner of the shop; the bolt of cloth into another. The shop
began to blaze. Within minutes we could hear the crackle of flames
behind shuttered doors as the fire spread to the shop on the left,
then on to the next one.
At this point Rathore was beginning to get anxious about the
gathering darkness. So we drove on.
When I chanced to meet Major Iftikhar the next day he
ruefully told me, ‘I burnt only sixty houses. If it han’t rained I would
have got the whole bloody lot.’
Approaching a village a few miles form Mudafarganj we were
forced to a halt by what appeared to be a man crouching agaisnt a
mud wall. One of the jawans warned it might be fauji sniper. But
after careful scouting it turned out to be a lovely young Hindu girl.
She sat there with the placidity of her people, waiting for God knows
who. One of the jawans had been ten years with the East Pakistan
221
Rifles and could speak bazaar Bengali. He was told to order her into
the village. She mumbled something in reply, but stayed where she
was, but was ordered a second time. She was still sitting there as we
drove away. “She has,” I was informed, “nowhere to go-no family, no
home.”
Major Iftikhar was one of several officers assigned to kill and
burn missions. They moved in after the rebels had been clearned by
the army with the freedom to comb out and destory Hindus and
“miscreants” (the official jargon for rebels) and to burn down
everything in the areas from which the army had been fired at.
This landky Punjabi officer liked to talk about his job. Ridding
with Iftikhar to the Circuit House in Comilla on anoher occasion he
told me about his latest exploit.
“We got an old one,” he said. “The bastard had grown a beard
and was posing as a devout Muslim. Even called himself Abdul
Manan. But we give him a medial inspection and the game was up”.
Iftikhar continued : “I wanted to finish him there and then,
but my men told me such a bastard deserved there shots. So I gave
him one in the balls, then one in the stomach, then I finished him
off with a shot in the head.”
When I left Major Iftikhar he was headed north to
Brahmanbaria. His mission : another kill and burn.
Overwhelmed with terror, the Bengalis have one of two
reactions. Those who can run away just seem to vanish. Whole
towns have been abandoned as the army approached. Those who
can’t run about a cringing servility which only adds humiliation to
their plight.
Chandpur was an example of the first.
In the past this key river port on the Meghna was noted for its
thriving business houses and gay life. At night thousands of small
country boats anchored on the river’s edge made it a fairyland of
lights. On April 18 Chandpur was deserted. No people, no boats.
Barely one percent of the population had remained. The rest,
particularly the Hindus who constituted nearly half the population,
had fled.
222
the army cannot move. The 9th Division for one was hopelessly
behind schedule. Now the monsoon threatens to shut down the
military operation with three months of cloudbursts.
For the rainly season, the Pakistan Government obtained form
China in the second week of May nine shallow-darught river
gunboats. More are to come. These 80 ton gunboats with massive
firepower will take over some of the responsibolites hitherto allotted
to the air force and artillery, which will not be as effective when it
rains. They will be supported by several hundred country-craft
which have been requinstioned and converted for military use by the
addition of outboard motors. The army intends to take to the water
in pursuit of the rebels.
Colonisation of East Bengal
themselves.
The first consideration of the army has been and still is the
obliteration of every trace of separatism in East Bengal. This
proposition is upheld by the continuing slaughter and by everything
else that the government has done in both East and West Pakistan
since March 25. The decision was coldly taken by the military
leaders, and they are going through with it-all too coldly.
No meaningful or viable political solution is possible in East
Bengal while the pogrom continues.
225
The army has already taken a terrible toll in dead and injured.
It was privately said in Dacca that more officers have been killed
then men and that the casualty list in East Bengal already exceeds
the losses in the India-Pakistan war of September,1965. The army
will certainly not write off these “sacrifices” for illusory political
considerations that have proved to be so worthless in the past.
Military-and it is soldiers who will be taking the decision-to
call a halt to the operation at this stage would be indefensible. It
would only mean more trouble with the Bengali rebels. Implacable
hatered has been displayed on both sides.
226
.........................................................................................
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gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nBqv hvq| H mgq g~jZt BwcAvi, †e½j †iwR‡g‡›Ui †deªyqvwi
m`m¨MY Ges cywjk evwnbx cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbx†K Avµgb KiZt cÖPÛ Pv‡ci
gy‡L iv‡L| BwZg‡a¨ †deªyqvwi QvÎ K…lK, kÖwgK I wewfbœ †ckvi gvbyl
¯nvb †_‡K cvK†mbv cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bIqv n‡q‡Q e‡j m¦vaxb evsjv
†eZvi‡K›`ªª Rvwb‡q‡Q| mgMª c~e© iYv½‡b †Mwijv‡`i ZrciZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
K·evRv‡i eû cvK†mbv nZvnZ n‡q‡Q| Gw`‡K gU©vi I †gwkbMvbmn
AvµgY Pvwj‡q gyw³‡hv×viv †dbxi DËiÐc~e© A‡j 200 Rb cvK‡mbv‡K
nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb|
m¤§yL hy‡×i Rb¨ †Uªwbs cÖvß nq| †m‡Þ¤¦iÐA‡±vei nB‡ZB Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡ki
wewfbœ A‡j µgvMZ †Mwijv Awfhvb cwiPvjbv Kwiqv nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K e¨wZe¨¯—
†kivUb †nv‡Uj) wewfbœ ¯nvcbvq Avµgb cwiPvjbv Kwiqv nvbv`vi evwnbx‡K Zvnviv
Dacca, Birth of a Nation’ (1997) cy¯—‡K wb‡gœv³ gš—e¨ K‡ib c„t 90Ð94)t
.................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
mgqKvi Ae¯nv m¤¦‡Ü wZwb Zvnvi wjwLZ East Pakistan : The Endgame cy¯—‡K
The concept of one Pakistan was all but dead in the Bengali
mind. The only thing between Bangladesh and Pakistan, in my
mind, was the military presence in the East. Pakistan was bound to
lose her eastern wing as soon as the military was withdrawn. It was
a most extraordinary and distrubring state of affairs. Only armies of
occupation find themselves placed in such a situation.
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238
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One was forced to wonder about how long the army could
hold on. The military was not professionally trained for counter-
insurgency operations. They were up against a very different type of
enemy—their own people, the guerrillas of the Mukti Bahini—the
proverbial fish in a sea of humanity. The army’s brave posture was
completely out of step with the real situation. It was aggravated by
daily incidents of subversion and sabotage by the miscreants.
Dhaka was an embattled city. The military was physically there but
hardly in full command of the situation. The borders and the
hinterland both were full of saboteurs. Many senior military officers
were begining to finally realize the futility of the exercise. They felt
abandoned and trapped. They had no rear, no sanctuary, in the
event of a decisive military reverse (the word defeat, though
uppermost in everyone’s mind, was never uttered).
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‘You,’ the colonel shot back, ‘may take it the way you like.
Now, what’s your next problem ?’
...............................................................................................
..............................................................................................
Dc‡ii eY©bv nB‡Z 1971 m‡bi †m‡Þ¤¦i gv‡m XvKvi Ae¯nv m¤¦‡Ü GKwU
†gvUvgywU wPÎ cvIqv hvq| †evSv hvq †h gyw³evwnbxi †Mwijv Avµg‡bi mb¥y‡L
The harsh truth about Bengali resistance are being concealed not
only from the area’s civil governor, A.M. Malik, but from President Yahya
himself. They are both convinced that the Pakistani Army is effectively and
rebels, army troops, recently surrounded the village of Demora (where the
Mukti Bahini had never been), raped all the women between 12 and 35
244
and shot all the men order than 12. Only days later, Pakistani gunboats
swept up the river at Chalna, sinking fishing boats and shooting the
resistance in East Pakistan more extreme, more dedicated than ever. The
majority of the people are already anxious to break away from Pakistan,
21/22 b‡f¤¦i nB‡Z gyw³ evwnbx evsjv‡`‡ki mKj A‡j cÖPÛ Avµgb
Avi¤¢ K‡i| GKw`‡K nvbv`vi evwnbx wcQy nwU‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i Ab¨w`‡K gyw³‡dŠR
3iv wW‡m¤¦i weKvj †ejvq cvwK¯—vb wegvb evwnbx cwðg cvwK¯—vb nB‡Z
fvi‡Zi wewfbœ ¯nv‡b †evgv el©Y Avi¤¢ K‡i| †mbv evwnbxI fvi‡Zi Af¨š—‡i
cÖ‡ek K‡i|
H mgq Bw›`iv MvÜx KwjKvZvq GKwU mfvq fvlY `vb Kwi‡ZwQ‡jb| Zwor
w`wj− cÖZ¨veZ©b Kwiqv H iv‡ÎB wZwb †eZv‡i wbgœwjwLZ fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib|
December 3, 1971
I have not doubt that it is the united will of our people that
this wanton and unprovoked aggression should be decisively and
finally repelled. In this resolve, the Government is assured of the full
and unflinching support of all political parties and every Indian
citizen. We must be prepared for a long period of hardship and
sacrifice.
Bnvi ci ciB c~e©v‡j hy‡×i MwZ ZxeªZi nq| fviZxq †mbv evwnbx I
T) eyw×Rxex nZ¨v t
Avj& mvg&k, ivRvKvi evwnbx ev½vwj eyw×RxweMY‡K cwiKwíZ fv‡e VvÛv gv_vq
nZ¨vi cwiKíbv K‡i| cwiKíbv Abymv‡i Zvnviv 12Ð14B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨
nB‡Z AcniY c~e©K b„ksm fv‡e nZ¨v K‡i| wb‡æ Zvnv‡`i gvÎ K‡qKRb m¤¦‡Ü
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
247
‡ejv ZLb ev‡iv wK GK| Ggb mgq bx‡P †jvnvi †M‡U kã †kvbv
†Mj| †K †hb `iRv av°v‡”Q| gybxi †PŠayixi ¯¿x DuwK w`‡q †`L‡jb Kg
eqmx K‡qKwU ev½vjx †Q‡j `iRv av°v‡”Q| gybxi †PŠayix †m mgq ¯¿x‡K
ej‡jb, _vK †`Lvi `iKvi †bB| m‡i G‡mv| e‡j wZwb Avevi Pyj AvuPov‡Z
jvM‡jb| ¯¿xi mv‡_ gybxi †PŠayixi H wQj †kl K_v|
Ggb mgq bx‡P †_‡K Zvui †QvU fvB Ic‡i G‡m ej‡jb, gybxi fvB
Avcbv‡K bx‡P WvK‡Q|
n¨uv|
cvÄvex c‡i wZwb Av‡¯— Av‡¯— bx‡P †b‡g †M‡jb| gybxi †PŠayixi ¯¿x
wjwj †PŠayix wKš‘ ZLbI AvZswKZ nbwb| Zvui m¦vgx‡K †KD †h a‡i wb‡q
†h‡Z cv‡i GK_vI Zvi g‡b nqwb| KviY hviv Zv‡K WvK‡Z G‡m‡Q mevB
Kg eqmx, ev½vjx|
ZeyI wjwj †PŠayix wmuwo a‡i bx‡P bvg‡jb| †`L‡jb gybxi †PŠayix
`vuwo‡q Av‡Qb bx‡P| Av‡m cv‡k e›`yK wb‡q K‡qKwU Aí eqmx †Q‡j| wZwb
ïb‡jb, gybxi †PŠayix Zv‡`i GKRb‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, †Zvgv‡`i Awdmvi
†Kv_vq?
GK_v ejvi mv‡_ mv‡_ GKwU †Q‡j Zvui wc‡Vi Kv‡Q e›`yK DuwP‡q
ej‡jv, Av‡Q, Avcwb Pjyb| gybxi †PŠayix Av‡¯— Av‡¯— †nu‡U Zv‡`i mv‡_
P‡j †M‡jb| (c„t 620Ð621) |
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÔGLv‡bB Av‡Qb|Õ
ÔAvgv‡`i Awdmvi Zvui mv‡_ K_v ej‡eb, Zvu‡K GKUy †W‡K w`b|Õ
ÔMvox‡Z Av‡Qb|Õ
ÔAv‡Q|Õ
ÔAvcbviv †Kv_vq wb‡q hv‡”Qb I‡K ?Õ †di Zvi ¯¿x wR‡Ám Ki‡jb|
ÔRvwb bv|Õ
ev_i“‡g Zvui †Mvm‡ji Rb¨ ZLb Mig cvwb ‰Zix| wKš‘ wZwb Avi
†Mvmj Ki‡jb bv| ¯¿x my¨U †ei K‡i w`‡jb| wZwb my¨U c‡i Avevi evB‡ii
N‡i G‡jb| Zvui ¯¿x ZLb ej‡jb, ÔAvwg Ii m‡½ hv‡ev|Õ
‡gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix ZLb nVvr ej‡jb, ÔAvwg PvwÆ †L‡q wb‡Z
cvwi ?
Ôbv, bv, `iKvi †bB| Avcwb †Zv GLwb Avevi P‡j Avm‡eb|Õ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
249
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
nu¨v|Õ
Ôivkx`yj nvmvb|Õ
ÔAvcwbI Pjyb|Õ
‡mB mgq ivkx`yj nvmv‡bi ¯¿x G‡m `iRvi gy‡L `vuov‡jb| G `„k¨
†`‡L wZwb weg~p n‡q `vuuwo‡q iB‡jb| Av‡bvqvi cvkv Ges ivkx`yj nvmvb
GKevi Zvi w`‡K ZvKv‡jb| †PvL Zvu‡`i Q‡jv Q‡jv| wKš‘ G‡Kev‡i wbðyc
Zviv| Q‡jv Q‡jv †Pv‡L `yR‡b Av‡iKevi Zvui w`‡K (ivkx`yj nvmv‡bi ¯¿x)
ZvwK‡q Av‡¯— Av‡¯— AvjÐe`i‡`i mv‡_ cv evov‡jb| Av‡bvqvi cvkvi ¯¿x
Rvbvjv w`‡q ïay †`L‡jb Zv‡`i Mv‡qi Pv`‡i Zv‡`i †PvL †eu‡a wb‡q hvIqv
n‡”Q| (c„t 622Ð623)
Wt wmivRyj nK Lvb
14B wW‡m¤¦i Lye †fv‡i wZwb Nyg †_‡K D‡V bvgvR co‡jb| GKevi
Ic‡i wb‡Ri d¬v‡U †M‡jb Zvici Avevi bx‡P †b‡g G‡jb| Ges †m mgq
Zvi bR‡i co‡jv, GKUy `~‡i Avj e`i evwnbxi wKQy †jvK i“gvj w`‡q GK
f`ª‡jv‡Ki †PvL evua‡Q| mv‡_ mv‡_ wZwb Ic‡i D‡V †M‡jb| mevB‡K
ej‡jb, ÔIiv Avgv‡`i GjvKvq Xy‡K‡Q| †Zvgiv mveav‡b _v‡Kv|Õ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
AvjÐe`i evwnbx Ici Zjvq Zvui d¬v‡U G‡m Xy‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jv,
ÔGUv Wt wmivRyj n‡Ki evmv ?Õ
Ônu¨v|Õ
ÔwZwb †Kv_vq ?Õ
Ôbx‡P ‡M‡Qb|Õ
250
Ôwk¶vÐM‡elYv †K›`ª|Õ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
‡ejv `y‡Uv †_‡K Avevi †evgv el©Y ïi“ n‡jv| †`vZjvi eviv›`vq e‡m
†mB †evgv el©Y †`LwQ‡jb Wvt †PŠayix| we‡Kj mv‡o Pvi| GKUv gvB‡µvevm
G‡m _vg‡jv evmvi bx‡P| K‡qKRb Avje`i bvg‡jv| Wv³vi †PŠayixi ¯¿x
GKUy DuwK w`‡q w`‡q Zv‡`i †`LwQ‡jb ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, A‡Zv DuwKSuywK
w`‡qv bv| †evanq Avwg© G‡m‡Q| e‡j wZwb ev_i“‡g †M‡jb| e¨vcviUvi †Zgb
¸i“Z¡ †`bwb m¦vgxЯ¿x| KviY gIjvbv gvbœv‡bi evmvq ni`g Gai‡Yi
†jvKRb AvmvÐhvIqv Ki‡Zv|
ev_i“g †_‡K wZwb †ewi‡q‡Qb, Ggb mgq Kwjs †ej †e‡R DV‡jv|
Wvt †PŠayix nVvr weg~p n‡q †M‡jb| wK Ki‡eb ey‡S DV‡Z cviwQ‡jb
bv| G‡jv‡g‡jvfv‡e ej‡jb, I, G‡m‡Q, Zv `iRv Ly‡j `vI|
251
GK_v e‡jB wZwb bx‡P bvgvi D‡`¨vM wb‡jb| Wvt †PŠayixi gv ZLb
e‡j DV‡jb, ÔAv‡i †Kv_vq hv‡”Qv ?Õ
Avje`iiv Zvu‡K wN‡i ai‡jv| Av‡¯— Av‡¯— wZwb gvB‡µvev‡mi w`‡K AMªmi
n‡jb| (c„t 625Ð627)|
knx`yj−vn Kvqmvi
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
PvKi‡K wZwb i“wU evbvevi K_v e‡j‡Qb Ggb mgq `‡ivRvq av°v|
wgwjUvix G‡m‡Q|
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ
knx`yj−v Kvqmvi|Õ
m‡½ m‡½ Zviv Zvui nvZ ai‡jv| ÔAvcbvi mv‡_ K_v Av‡Q|Õ e‡j
Zviv Zvu‡K eviv›`vq wb‡q G‡jv|
Gw`‡K evmv Ry‡o ‰nЉP PxrKvi Avje`iiv Zvu‡K †U‡b wnuP‡o wb‡q
hv‡”Q|
Ggb mgq knx`yj−vn Kvqmvi KwVb K‡Ú ej‡jb, ÔAvwg †Zv hvw”QB|
Avcbviv Avgvi nvZ ai‡eb bv|Õ G e‡j wZwb GKevi wcQb wd‡i mevB‡K
†`L‡Z PvB‡jb| wKš‘ Avje`iiv Zvu‡K †mB my‡hvM †`qwb| (c„t
627Ð628)|
wmivRDwÏb †nv‡mb
K‡jvYx‡Z wgwjUvix Avmvq fvBÐGi evmvq Avgiv P‡j Avwm| Avgvi m¦vgx
Zv‡`i ej− Avgiv GLv‡b bZyb G‡mwQ, n‡ji †Kvb wKQy Rvwbbv| Zviv ej−
wfZ‡i Pjyb, GLv‡b wMqvmDwÏb mv‡ne _vK‡Zb| fvB Gi Kvgivq G‡m Iiv
mg¯— i“g ZQbQ K‡i w`‡q †Mj| N‡i Avgvi GK gvgv‡Zv fvB wQj,
cÖ‡KŠkj wek¦we`¨vjq c‡o, I‡K wb‡q PjjÐ n‡j fvB‡K Lyu‡R w`‡Z| n‡j
wM‡q Zviv `v‡ivqvb‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jv, wMqvm mv‡ne †Kv_vq ? Zviv ej−,
n‡ji †cQ‡Y cvwbi cv¤c wVK Ki‡Qb| ZvovZvwo †mLv‡b wM‡q fvB‡K a‡i
wb‡q Gj| mvg‡b cov GKRb `v‡ivqv‡bi KvQ †_‡K GKUv MvgQv wQwb‡q
wb‡q †PvL †eu‡a Zvu‡K wb‡q Pjj| ev‡m DVvi Av‡M fvB gvgv‡Zv fvBwU‡K
ej‡jb ÔÔbyi“‡K ewjm †Uwj‡dvb Ki‡Z|ÕÕ ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q KvbœvЇfRv
K‡Ú K_v¸‡jv ejwQ‡jb Aa¨vcK wMqvmDwÏb mv‡n‡ei †evb|
kn‡ii wPÎ XvKvq Aew¯nZ RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_©x welqK Kg©KZ©v Rb †Kjxi wb‡æv³
Indian Air Force could return as they would have to go back to India
to refuel and reload. He suggested that we return to Governor’s
House to see what had happended there. I agreed, and drove Gavin
Young in my car back to Governor’s House. We were met there by
the Military Secretary who informed us that Dr. Malik and his
Cabinet had taken shelter in a bunker in the grounds of the left of
the Governor’s House. He took us there and we found Dr. Malik and
his Cabinet looking very shaken but still undecided whether to
resign or not. I told them that I thought that they were not only in
danger of being killed by irregulars, and they could not depend on
their guards, but the Indian Air Force itself had now made a direct
attack on their lives.
At that moment the Indian Air Force made a second
devastating attack on Governor’s House. Gavin Young had
unfortunately been wrong in his estimate of the time for their
return. The bunker is not a very safe bunker and it is above ground
and we did not know whether or not the Indian Air Force knew of it
existence. Certainly, a direct hit would have wiped it out. The
aircraft continued to make Ministers then drew up a letter of
resignation to the President of Pakistan which was singed by Dr.
Malik and all the Ministers present.
Dr. Malik then withdrew to an inner room in the bunker
where his wife and daughter were waiting, washed himself, knelt
and said his prayers. The ex-Governor and the ex-Ministers moved a
little later that day to the Neutral Zone in the Inter-Continental
Hotel.
It seems clear that the collapse of the whole civil Government
of East Pakistan on 14 December must have provided a severe
shock to those directing the war on the Pakistan side and brought
home to them the seriousness of the situation. It may well be that
the collective resignation of the whoel East Pakistan Government
thus shortened the war by one or more days.
Wednesday, 15 December
Early on the morning of 15 December Dr. Malik came to me in
the Inter-Continental Hotel to say that in between his resignation as
Governor and his departure from Governor’s House on 14 December
257
(i) Safety and security of all armed personnel of both military and
para-military forces of Pakistan pending their return to West
Pakistan.
(ii) safety of all West Pakistani personnel-civillian and civil
servants pending their return to West Pakistan;
(iii)safety of all non-locals settled in East Pakistan since 1947.”
(iv) gurantee of no reprisals against those who helped and served
the Government and cause of Pakistan since March 1971.”
Colonel Gaffur, Mr. Lampell and myself then left the bunker
area, with the Indian Air Force still circling overhead. However, the
message got through to the Indian Command in time, and the
threatened onslaught on Dacca did not take place.
Dacca : 8 March
1972.
c„t 649Ð655|
26‡k gvP© evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i gvbwP‡Î GKwU m¦vaxb mve©‡fŠg ivóª wnmv‡e
evwnbxi wbKU wbtkZ© fv‡e AvZ¥mgc©b K‡i| weª‡MwWqvi G Avi wmwÏKxi cy¯—K
nB‡Z cÖvß cvwK¯—vb miKv‡ii Zvr¶wbK cÖwZwµqv wQj wbæiƒc (East Pakistan t
Shaukat Riza, deputy chief of the general staff. ‘We must catch the 5
p.m. news bulletin’, I urged. Shaukat agreed , suggesting that we
should go to the information secretary and seek his views.
16B wW‡m¤¦i NUbv m¤ú‡K© ®§„wZPviY K‡i Kv‡`i wmwÏKx e‡jb (`wjjcÎ t
†nwjKÞv‡i G‡m mvfviMvgx mo‡K gxicyi eªx‡Ri cieZx© eªx‡Ri Kv‡Q bvg‡jb|
m‡½ i‡q‡Qb weª‡MwWqvi †K¬qvi| ejwQ‡jb Kv‡`i wmwÏKx t weª‡MwWqvi †K¬qvi U½x
AaxbvqKZ¡ KiwQ‡jb weª‡MwWqvi mvbZ wms| †nwjKÞvi †_‡K †b‡g †gRi †Rbv‡ij
262
bvMiv ‡Rbv‡ij wbqvRxi Kv‡Q GKwU wPwV wjL‡jb| Zv‡Z wZwb wbqvRx‡K wjL‡jb,
Avwg AgyK RvqMvq i‡qwQ| Zywg AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡e wKbv RvbvI Ges DIi `vI|
fviZxq evwnbxi GKRb †gRi‡K evnK K‡i wPwV cvVvb n‡jv| Zvi mv‡_ i‡q‡Q
fviZxq evwnbxi wZbRb RIqvb I c_ †Pbvevi R‡b¨ GKRb gyw³‡hv×v| `yÕwU Rxc
Zv‡`i wb‡q P‡j †M‡jv| Rx‡ci m¤§y‡L mv`v cZvKv| m‡½ †Kvb A¯¿ †bB| wbqvRx
wPwV †c‡q Rvbvj †h, †m AvZ¥mgc©b Ki‡Z cÖ¯—Z| wKš— †Kvb wjwLZ fvl¨ ‡m wQj
bv| cvK evwnbxi †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k`‡K cvwV‡q w`j| Rgv‡k` G‡m †gRi
†Rbv‡ij bvMiv‡K m¨vjyU Kij| ZLb bvMiv ej‡jbÐï‡bv wmwÏKx, nvg‡Kv m¨vjyU
K‡iMv †Zv nvg †jMv AvDi Zyg †jMv| nvg‡jvM‡`v GK mv_ Avqv n¨vq|Ô Rvg‡k`
G‡m Zvi wb‡Ri wifjfvi I gv_vi †dŠwR Uywc Zy‡j w`j evwnbxi mwb¥wjZ Kv‡Q
AvZœmgc©‡Yi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| wifjfviwU cÖnY Ki‡jb †gRi †Rbv‡ij bvMiv Ges
Uywc Zy‡j †`qv n‡jv Avgvi nv‡Z| †Rbv‡ij bvMiv ZLb Avgv‡K ej‡jb, Av‡i
wmwÏKx, K¨v‡givg¨vb n¨vq? B‡q‡Zv wnw÷ª eb hv‡q‡Mv| wKš— `yf©vM¨ †m mg‡q †Kvb
K¨v‡givg¨vb †mLv‡b wQj bv| †gRi †Rbv‡ij Rvg‡k` hLb AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡jv,
Kv‡`i wmwÏKx ej‡jb, ÔAvgiv wVK Kijvg †h, †Rbv‡ij wbqvRxi m‡½
mivmwi K_v ej‡Z n‡e| gxicyi eªx‡Ri Gcv‡i GjvgЇRbv‡ij bvMiv, weª‡MwWqvi
†K¬qvi, weª‡MwWqvi mvbZ wms I Avwg| Gjvg cvK evwnbxi Mvox‡Z †P‡c| iv¯—vq
cÖniviZ cvK evwnbx Avgv‡`i m¨vjyU VyK‡Q| Avgv‡`i evwnbx c‡o iB‡j ‡cQ‡b|
Gcv‡i G‡m GK RvqMvq †Uwj‡dvb Ki‡Z wM‡q ‡`wL †Kvb kã †bB| †Uwj‡dvb
†WW| jvBb KvUÐAvc| Gjvg ‡gvnvg¥`cyi| wbqvRx‡K †Uwj‡dvb Kiv n‡jvt wKš—
†Kvb mvov†bB, wis n‡”Q bv| ZLb †Rbv‡ij bvMiv ej‡jb t Db †jvK PvjvwK wKqv|
‡havi hvZvû IaviB jvBb †bnx n¨vq|Õ ZLb mKvj cÖvq †mvqv `kUv †cwi‡qQ|
†Rbv‡ij bvMiv ZLb fve‡Qb †hÐAvgvi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U hv‡ev wK hv‡ev bv| hvIqvUv wK
wVK n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, hLb G‡mB c‡owQ ZLb hv‡evB| Zvici `kUv Pwj−k wgwb‡U
Avgiv K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U wbqvRxi `߇i ‡cŠuQjvg| kxZvZc wbqwš¿Z Ni| wbqvRx G‡m
m¨vjyU Ki‡jv| bvMiv m¨vjy‡Ui Reve w`‡jb| bvMiv em‡jb| wbqvRx bvMiv ZLb
263
cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡”Qb, B‡q n¨vq weª‡MwWqvi †K¬qvi, B‡q n¨vq weª‡MwWqvi mvbZ wms,
AvDi B‡q n¨vq evsjv‡`k gyw³evwnbxKv Kv‡`i wmwÏKx| wbqvRx ZovK K‡i D‡V
cÖvi¤¢ nB‡Z wewfbœ NUbv m¤c‡K© Rvbv hvq Lt. General JFR Jacob Gi cy¯—K nB‡Z
I was met by the Chief of Staff of the Pakistani Eastern Command, Brig
Baqar Siddiqui. Present also was the United Nations representative at Dacca. He
had offered his good offices in negotiating with the Pakistani Army but I had no
intention of involving the United Nations as I could see no role for them in this
situation.
..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
Gen Niazi received me in his office. Present at the discussions were Maj
Gen Rao Farman Ali, who dealt with civil affairs, Maj Gen Jamshed, Rear Adm
Shariff, the Naval Chief, Air Cmdre Imam, the Air Force Cmdre and Brig Baqar
Siddiqui. Maj Gen G C Nagra, who had taken over from Gurbax Gill when he was
wounded at Jamalpur, had arrived a little earlier.
...............................................................................................................
................................................................................................................
I returned to Niazi’s office and Col Khara read out the terms of
surrender. There was dead silence in the room, as tears streamed down
Niazi’s cheeks. The others in the room became fidgety. They had expected
the document to be on the lines of the proposals they had handed over on 14
December to Spivack, which envisioned a cease fire and evacuation under
arrangements of the UN. Farman Ali objected to surrendering to the Indian
and Bangladesh forces. Niazi said that what I was asking him to sign was
unconditional surrender when we were drafting the instrument of surrender
we had tried to word it in such a manner that it would not be offensive.
......................................................................................... I asked him if the
document was acceptable. He handed it back to me without comment. I
264
took this as acceptance. We then discussed with Niazi the modalities of the
surrender. ........................................................................
.......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
265
N„wYZ †h `yBRb †Rbv‡ij Zvnvi GKRb nB‡Z‡Q Lt. General A.A.K. Niazi
evsjv‡`‡k wZwbB nvbv`vi evwnbxi cÖavb †mbvcwZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Zvnvi wjwLZ ÔThe
Betrayal of East PakistanÕ cy¯—‡K cvwK¯—vb †mbv evwnbxi AvZ¥mgc©b m¤c‡K© e‡jbt
(c„t 232Ð235) :
Surrender
General Manekshaw had informed us that an Indian team would be coming
to Dhaka to finalize surrender arrangements. The helicopter hovered over Dhaka
Airport, the heavy blades churning in the air like the arms of a giant windmill, and
soon settled down. Major-General Jacob, Chief of Staff, Indian Eastern Command,
alighted with his team from the helicopter. Brigadier Baqir Siddiqui, the Pakistani
COS, after receiving them at the airport escorted them to HQ Eastern Command.
The Indian team had come to discuss and negotiate the terms and conditions for the
cessation of hostilities. They had brought a draft of the surrender document. The
preliminary discussions between Jacob and Baqir, the two Chiefs of Staff were
carried out in Baqir’s office. After the presentation of the proposal, Baqir discussed
the issue with me. I asked Baqir to call Generals Jamshed and Forman and Admiral
Sharif, the senior Pakistani Army and Naval officers present at Headquarters. The
Indian delegation blackmailed us with the threat that, if their conditions were not
agreed to, they would hand over the local loyal population, and our civilian officers
who had taken refuge in the Intercontinental Hotel, to the Mukti Bahini forces,
who would massacre them. Despite our objections to the use of the phrase ‘Joint
Command of India and Bangladesh’, and to the place and manner of surrender, in
the circumstances we were forced to comply.
After some discussion, the senior Pakistani officers agreed to accept the
Indian proposal, so I called the Indian team to my office...................................
....................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
......GB NUbv wek¦L¨vZ GKwU bvU‡Ki K_v Avgv‡`i g‡b KivBqv †`q
t
INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER
Lieutenant-General Lieutenant-General
16th December,1971
16th December,1971.
GBfv‡eB evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³ †dŠR weRq wQbvBqv Av‡b Ges Avgiv evOvwjiv
kZ †e`bvi g‡a¨I m¦vaxbfv‡e m¤¢eZ BwZnv‡m cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ gv_v DuPy Kwiqv
`vuovB‡Z cvwiqvwQ|
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‡MªU weª‡U‡bi ivRKxq wegvb evwnbxi GKwU K‡gU wegvb 1972 m‡bi 10B
Rvbyqvix wØcÖn‡i XvKv kn‡ii AvKv‡k cÖvq 45 wgwbU hveZ PµvKv‡i Nywiqv wegvb
e›`‡i AeZib K‡i| wegvb e›`‡i AMwbZ gvby‡li Xj| mK‡j Awai AvMª‡n
RvwZi wcZv e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb| †ZRMvuI wegvb e›`i nB‡Z igbv †im‡Kvm©
gq`v‡b wZwb GK fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mB w`bKvi NUbvejx m¤¦‡Ü msev`cθwj
1971 m‡bi 25‡k gvP© mܨvq †Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv Lvb KivPxi D‡Ï‡k¨
XvKv Z¨vM K‡ib| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h 1971 m‡bi 25‡k gv†P©i w`evMZ iv‡Î
26‡k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi GKwU `j e½eÜy †kL gywReyi
ingvb†K †MªdZvi Kwiqv K¨v›Ub‡g†›U jBqv hvq| †MªdZv‡ii wKQy c~‡e© wZwb
evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv †Nvlbv K‡ib | 26‡k gvP© Zvwi‡L BBC wbgœwjwLZ msev`
wZb w`‡bi g‡a¨ Zvunv‡K KivPx jBqv hvIqv nq| BwZg‡a¨ 26‡k gvP© mÜvq
†Rbv‡ij Bqvwnqv KivPx nB‡Z cÖ`Ë GK †eZvi fvl‡Y †kL gywRe‡K †`k‡`ªvnx
K‡j‡R covïbv Kv‡jB wZwb QvÎ ivRbxwZ‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib Ges gymwjg QvÎ
cvwK¯—vb m„wói ci 1948 m‡b AvIqvgx gymwjg jxM cÖwZwôZ nB‡j †kL
gywRe Bnvi Ab¨Zg hyM¥ m¤cv`K wbhy³ nb| 1955 m‡bi 23†k Ryb GK mfvq
c~e©e‡½i m¦vqZ¡ kvm‡bi `vex me© cÖ_g Zvunvi K‡ÚB aŸwbZ nq| 2q MYcwil‡`
wbe©vwPZ nBevi ci cÖwZwU Awa‡ek‡b wZwb Ab¨vb¨ `vexi mwnZ c~e© e‡½i m¦vqZ¡
kvmb, hy³ wbe©vPb c×wZ, cÖ¯—vweZ East Pakistan bv‡gi cwie‡Z© GB cÖ‡`‡ki
“ Sir, you will see that they want to place the words “East Pakistan” instead
of “East Bengal”. We have demanded so many times that you should make it
Bengal (Pakistan). The word “Bengal” has a history, has a tradition of its own. You
can change it only after the people have been consulted................ÕÕ (A‡av‡iLv
cÖ`Ë)
evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy× `wjjcÎ, cÖ_g LÛ c„ôv 431)
1955 m‡bi 22†k A‡±vei Zvwi‡L AbywôZ KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡b †kL gywRe
jxMÕ Gi bvg nB‡Z ÔgymwjgÕ kãwU ev` w`qv RvwZ ag© wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡ji Rb¨ D³
1958 m‡bi A‡±vei gv‡m cvwK¯—v‡b gvk©vj j Rvix Kiv nB‡j †kL
Pvjvb nq|
1964 m‡b wZwb AvBqye miKv‡ii wbh©vZ‡bi wei“‡× `ye©vi Av‡›`vjb Mwoqv
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c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi Rb¨ c~b© m¦vqË¡ kvmb `vex m¤¦wjZ 6 `dv Kg©m~Px †kL
gywRe 1966 m‡bi ‡deªyqvwi gv‡m †NvlYv K‡ib| 1952 m‡bi fvlv Av‡›`vjb †hgb
wQj Avgv‡`i m¦vaxbZv msMªv‡gi cÖ_g †mvcvb, †Zgwb 6 `dv Kg©m~Px wQj Bnvi
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†`b| †kL gywR‡ei wei“‡× gvgjvi ci gvgjv `v‡qi nB‡Z _v‡K Ges wZwb cÖvq
cÖwZwU †Rjvq µgvMZ †MªdZvi nB‡Z _v‡Kb| AZcit Zvnvi wei“‡× AvMiZjv
lohš¿ gvgjv `v‡qi Kiv nq hvnvi weeiY Dc‡i cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q|
Av‡jvPbv mfvq †kL gywRe c~e© cvwK¯—vb cÖ‡`‡ki bvg Ôevsjv‡`kÕ bvgKiY
K‡ib|
nq t
Ôevsjv ‡`kÕ
ÔÔAvIqvgx jxM cÖavb †kL gywReyi ingvb MZKvj (ïµevi) XvKvq
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c~e© cvwK¯—v‡bi cwie‡Z© ïay gvÎ Ôevsjv ‡`kÕ|
XvKv nvB‡KvU© cÖv½‡Y ‡mvnivIqv`x© I †k‡i evsjvi gvRvi cÖv½‡Y
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mv‡ne e‡jb, GK mgq G †`‡ki eyK nB‡Z gvbwP‡Îi c„ôv nB‡Z ÔevsjvÕ
K_vwUi me©‡kl wPýUyKzI wPiZ‡i gywQqv †djvi †Póv Kiv nBqv‡Q| wZwb
e‡jb,
GKgvÎ ÔÔe‡½vcmvMiÕÕ , Qvov Avi †Kvb wKQyi bv‡gi m‡½ ÔevsjvÕ
K_vwUi Aw¯—Z¡ LyuwRqv cvIqv hvq bvB| AvIqvgx jxM cÖavb e‡jb, evsjv
272
1971 m‡b 26†k gv‡P©i cÖ_g cÖn‡i cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi GKwU `j †kL
gywRe‡K Zuvnvi evm feb nB‡Z †MªdZvi K‡i| Zrci Zuvnv‡K KivPx †cÖiY Kiv
Av`vj‡Z wePvi Avi¤¢ Kiv nq| †kL gywRe cÖwZev‡` Zuvnvi c‡¶ AvBbRxwe wb‡qvM
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib|
“President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan has said that Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman, leader of the defunct Awami League, would be put on trial.
He said Sheikh Mujib was arrested for committing acts of treason and he
would be dealt with under the law of the land.
.....................................................................................................................................
............The President, who was asked what would be the fate of Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman, said that the leader of the defunct Awami League had deviated from his
electoral campaign in which he demanded autonomy for East Pakistan.
President Yahya said that after Sheikh Mujib got the mandate, he and a
coterie of his people deviated from that aim and wanted secession. In other words,
he said Sheikh Mujibur Rahman had committed “acts of treason, acts of open
rebellion” and incited armed rebellion against the State.”
...................................................................................................................................
“How would you treat your criminal”, he posed a question to
the foreign news media representatives present at the interview.
(The DAWN, Karachi-August 5, 1971
273
Government and people of India, as well as our Press and Parliament, are
greatly perturbed by the reported statement of President Yahya Khan that he is
going to start secret military trial of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman without affording him
any foreign legal assistance. We apprehend that this so-called trial will be used
only as a cover to execute Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. This will aggravate the
situation in East Bengal and will create a serious situation in India because of the
strong feelings of our people and all political parties. Hence our grave anxiety. We
appeal to you to exercise your influence with President Yahya Khan to take a
realistic view in the larger interest of the peace and stability of this region.
(Bangladesh Documents, Vol. II , UPL Page 28).
(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)
GKB cÖm‡½ 9B AMv÷ fviZxq ‰e‡`wkK gš¿x KZ©„K cÖ`Ë wee„wZi Ask
we‡kl wbæiƒc t
people and acknowledging Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the elected and undisputed
leader of Bangla Desh, the Pakistan Government has launched a reign of terror and
carried out a calculated plan of genocide, the like of which has not been seen in
recent times. To stage a farcical trial against Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is a gross
violation of human rights and deserves to be condemned by the whole world.”
(Bangladesh Documents Vol. II, Page 28-29)
cÖ`vb K‡i t
(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)
†Mvcb wePvi Abyôv‡bi wb›`v RvbvB‡Z _v‡K| RvwZÐ ms‡Ni gnvmwPe G m¤ú‡K© 10B
†j‡L t
ÔÔThe Secretary General of the United Nations, U-Thant, has warned that
the secret trial for treason against Mujibur Rahman, absolute leader of East
Pakistan can lead towards more serious consequences than the hurricane which
devasted East Bengal last November and the subsequent cholera epidemic.
International observers agree with U-Thant. The 98 per cent gained by the
Awami League in the last elections is an element they have taken into consideration
to make their comments.
275
cÖ`vb K‡i t
Mujibur Rahman, who also fought against British alien rulers of India while Yahya
Khan and his henchmen were loyally serving the British masters, is that the people
of Bangla Desh gave his party 167 seats out of 169 in the first –ever general
election held in Pakistan.
(A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)
(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 3o).
eb¯’ Der Spiegel Bnvi 30‡k AMv‡÷i cÖwZ‡e`‡b †kL gywR‡ei †Mvcb
wePvi m¤¦‡Ü cvwK¯—vb mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ kwd‡K DׄwZ Kwiqv e‡j t
msev` cÖKvwkZ nq t
He said Sheikh Mujib was the only person who could speak for the people
of East Pakistan. He also gave a warning that there would soon be a famine there in
which hundreds of thousands would die.” (A‡av‡iLv cÖ`Ë)
(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II , UPL Page 31-32).
cÖKvwkZ nq t
“ The Austrian Chancellor, Dr. Bruno Kreisky, has deplored the detention
of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman by the West Pakistan military junta and said that “no
democratic party in Europe will tolerate it.”
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
(Bangladesh Documents, Vol.II, UPL Page 33).
we‡kl †R‡j †kL gywRe‡K †Kvb †iwWI ev msev`cÎ †`Iqv nBZ bv| Zuvnvi
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Rvbyqvixi The Indian Express cwÎKv nB‡Z cvIqv (Bangladesh Documents Vol. II
w`j−x wegvb e›`‡i fvi‡Zi ivóªcwZ †kL gywRe†K m¦vMZ RvbvBqv e‡jb
‡kL gywRe Zvunvi cÖwZDˇi fviZ miKvi I fviZ evmx‡K ab¨ev` RvbvBqv
struggles had any nation paid so colossal a price for freedom as the
people of Bangla Desh had done.
He ended his speech with a shout of “Jai Hind”. Mrs. Gandhi
then joined him by hailing “Jai Bangla”.
(U.N.I.—January 10, 1972.”
10B Rvbyqvixi wØcÖni †cŠ‡b `yBUvi mgq evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ XvKv wegvb
e›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| Zvunv‡K m¦vMZ RvbvBevi Rb¨ j¶vwaK RbZv mKvj nB‡ZB
†mLv‡b A‡c¶v Kwi‡ZwQj| The New York Times Gi wi‡cvU© wbæiƒ“c Bangladesh
He greets diplomats
Wiping flower petals from his head, Sheikh Mujib inspected
an honor guard of the army, navy and air force of Bangla Desh, the
nation proclaimed by his followers in East Pakistan last month after
India helped them wrest the region from Pakistan.
Sheikh Mujib greeted the members of the Dacca displomatic
corps, though only India and Bhutan have recognized Bangla Desh
and have official Representatives here.
285
Mujib rode from the airport passed slowly through the crowd, there
were long rhythmic chants of “Sheikh Mujib Zindabad!” (Long live
Sheikh Mujib”) .
Thousands of voices also chanted :
“A new natin has come upon the earth-Bangla Desh ! Bangla
Desh!” “A new ism has come to the world—Mujibism! Mujibism !”
Many excited spectators tried to tough their leader and some
who managed to break through police lines hugged him in long
embraces.
Sheikh Mujib has long been the overwhelming favourite of the
75 million Bengalis. The Awami Leage, the party of which he is
President, won 167 of the 169 seats alloted to East Pakistan in the
National Assembly elections in December,1970.
When Sheikh Mujib demanded autonomy for the eastern
region, President Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan of Pakistan first
postponed the assembly session and then, on March 25, moved with
his army to crush the Bengali movement. Guerrilla warfare broke
out and as many as 10 million Bengalis are said to have fled to
India.
Friend of Bengal
The 51-year-old Sheikh Mujib, who is tall for a Bengali and
has a thick mustache and a heavy shock of graying hair, was
affectionately hailed today as Bangabandhu, or friend of Bengal. He
was wearing a black suit with a high buttoned collar.
The first man to greet Sheikh Mujib, as his plane landed at 1-
45 p.m., was a beared guerrilla leader known as Kashru, who wore
army fatigues with pistols strapped to his hips.
Thousand of people then rushed past guards from the East
Bengal Regiments to engulf Sheikh Mujib, and he was unable to
decend from the plane for 10 minutes.
At the race course, Sheikh Mujib told his vast audience that
the last words of the new Pakistani President, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, to
him before his release were, “try to keep Pakistan together if there is
any way.”
287
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291
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11B Rvbyqvix, 1972
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evK¨wU‡Z ewjqvwQ‡jb, ÔAvwg i³`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖmuZ nBqv †Mjvg ....|Õ Avi
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ey‡Ki i³ Pvwjqv †`Iqvi `yj©f gwngvgwÛZ cÖwZÁv jBqvB 25‡k gv‡P©i
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nB‡Z wQbvBqv Avbvi msMªvg|
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we‡k¦i GK byZb †`k, b~Zb gZev`, b~Zb Av`‡k©i RbK| evsjvi gvwU,
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11 Rvbyqvix 1972
m¤cv`Kxq
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m¦vaxb fvi‡Zi cÖ_g cÖavbgš¿x RInvijvj †b‡ni“i Kb¨v| Zvunvi †bZ„‡Z¡ 1971
m‡bi cÖ_g w`‡K AbywôZ wbe©vP‡b Ks‡Mªm wbi¼ym weRq jvf K‡i|
cvwK¯—v‡bi mvgwiK miKvi †kL gywRe‡K wePv‡ii bv‡g dvuwm w`evi lohš¿
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RbgZ Mwoqv †Zv‡jb| 1971 m‡b hy³iv‡óªi RbMY evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ memg‡qB
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Kwi‡ZwQj| ZvnvQvov, Avi GKwU civkw³ Pxb †`kI fvi‡Zi cÖwZ kµ fvevcbœ
296
wQj Ges cvwK¯—vb‡K mvgwiK A¯¿ w`qv mvnvh¨ KwiZ| wKš‘ GBi“c ‰eix cwi‡ekI
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†Póv KwiqvwQ‡jb|
.........................................................
The elections aroused new hope in our people and generated
new energy and purpose in us. But today, your thoughts and mine
are proccupied with the crisis of Bangla Desh, that is, East Bengal.
There, too elections were held. The fact that even under a military
regime the people of East Bengal so over-whelmingly voted for the
Awami League showed their deep desire for democratic rights. The
military rulers used the period of negotiations to amass troops. And
on the very day, when the Awami League thought that settlement
was to be reached, a reign of terror—such as history has rarely
witnessed—was unleashed.
I have not hesitated sometimes to criticise the Press, of
course, in self-defence. But on this occasion, I should like to express
appreciation of the manner in which the Press correspondents of
many countries have tried to arouse the conscience of the world.
They have shown courage and perseverance in lifting the veil around
297
East Bengal and revealing the truth of the grim tragedy being
enacted there. Their words have been honest and direct, but the
photographs have outdone them in conveying the very essence of
sorrow and misery.
What is taking place there is not a civil war in the ordinary
sense of the word; it is a genocidal punishment of civilians for
having voted demoreatically. It is a strange and cynical way of
getting rid of one’s opponents and of deliberately using helpless
millions as a weapon against a neighbour nation. The number of the
refugees is equal to the population of some of the countries of
Europe, such as Austria and Belgium, where I was only recently.
We feel that this is a new kind of aggression. It certainly casts
an unconscionable economic burden on us and has created political
and social tensions endangering our security. This is not a purely
internal matter of one country, because the overflow of the political,
economic and security consequences are affecting another country,
that is, India. This is not an international dispute, certainly not an
Indo-Pakistani dispsute, for the traditional international
instruments to be invoked.
We are told that the confrontation of troops is a threat to
peace. Is there no threat to peace when a whole people are
massacred? Will the world be concerned only if people die because
of war between two counteies and not if hundreds of thousands are
butchered and expelled by a military regime waging war against the
people ?
We cannot draw upon precedents to deal with this
unprecedented variety of aggression. We have to devise new patterns
of response. It is in order to impress on world leaders the nature of
the crisis and the means of resolving it that I wrote to heads of
Governemnt several months ago and sent some of my colleagues to
meet them. We informed them that the only way out of the mess
which the military rulers of Pakistan have made for themselves is to
have a political settlement with the elected representatives of East
Bengal, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, if he is alive, and his colleagues
who embody the Will of the people.
298
nobody said anythign. It was when the electins were won by such a
big majority that this was raised; “that this means far too much
autonomy than we are prepared to give.’’ And negotiations began.
We thoguht, and the people of East Bengal thought, that this was a
genuine attempt to come to an understanding; but the time was
used for bringing across more troops from West Pakistan by sea,
and when they thought that there were sufficient troops to deal with
the population, on the 24th March, I am told by a leader of East
Pakistan, who says he was, if not in the same room, at least in the
same house where talks were being held that they thought that
things were going on well and that they were approaching a solution
and an agreement. The very next day, a regin of terror, of massacre,
and all that goes with it, was unleashed, and this resulted in
millions of refugees-the number is now over 9 million-it is the
population of Belgium or Austria who are now sitting on Indian soil
in the greatest of discomfort, in the greatest of misery, in very
inadequate camps.
Awfgy‡L †cÖiY Kwi‡Z‡Q, H mgq 1971 m‡bi 15B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L Bw›`iv MvÜx
War could also have been avoided if the power, influence and
authority of all the States, and above all of the Unitetd States, had
got Sheikh Mujibur Rahman released. Instead we were told that a
civilian administration was being installed. Everyone knows that
this civilian administration was a farce; today the farce has turned
into a tragedy.
Lip service was paid to the need for a political solution, but
not a single worthwhile step was taken to bring this about. Instead,
the rules of West Pakistan went ahead holding farcical elections to
seats which had been arbitrarily declared vacant.
There was not even a whisper that anyone from the outside
world had tried to have contact with Mujibur Rahman. Our earnest
plea that Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, should be released, or that,
even if he were to be kept under detention, contact with him might
be established, was not considered practical on the ground that
the U.S. could not urge policies which might lead to the overthrow of
305
Mr. President, may I ask you in all sincerity: Was the release
or reven secre: negotiations with a single human being, namely,
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, more disastrous than the waging of a
war ?
The fact of the matter is that the rulers of West Pakistan got
away with the impression that they could do what they liked
because no one, not even the United States, would choose to take a
public position that while Pakistan’s integrity was certainly
sacrosanct, human rights, liberty were no less so and that there
was a necessary interconnection between the inviolabilty of States
and the contentment of their people.
wnmv‡e AvbyôvwbK m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i| H Zvwi‡L Bw›`iv MvÜx ivR¨ mfvq GK
We are told that Sheikh Mujubur Rahman and his party, the
Awami League, had planned a non-violent movement of resistance
to the Government of West Pakistan. But they were caught
unawares and overtaken by a brutual military assault. They had no
alternative but to declare for independence. The East Pakistan Rifles
and East Bengal Regiment became the Mukti Fauj and later the
Mukti Bahini, which was joined by thousands of young East
Bengalies determined to sacrifice their lives for freedom and the
right to fashion their future. The unity, determination and courage
with which the entire population of Bangla Desh is fighting have
been recorded by the worls Press.
It is our hope that with the passage of time more nations will
grant recognition and that the GANA PRAJATRANTRI BANGLADESH
will soon from part of the family of nations.
Our thoughts at this moment are with the father of this new
State-Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. I am sure that this House would
wish me to convey to their Excellencies the Acting President of
Bangla Desh and the Prime Minister and to their colleagues, our
greetings and warm felicitations.
fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx 1972 m‡bi 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L m¦vaxb
cÖvbXvjv m¤¦a©bv cÖ`vb K‡i| †m m¤ú‡K© wewfbœ cwÎKvq bvbvb cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ
ÔÔ‰`wbK AvRv`ÕÕ
18 gvP©, 1972
AvgivI Avcbvi mv‡_ _vK‡ev
\iwng AvRv`\
RvwZi RbK e½eÜy †kL gywReyi ingvb MZKvj ïµevi `¦¨_©nxb K‡Ú
†NvlYv K‡ib †h, we‡k¦i `ytyLx gvby‡li msMªv‡g evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi mv‡_
Kvu‡a Kvua wgwj‡q KvR K‡i hv‡e|
310
GB gq`v‡b
e½eÜy e‡jb, †h gq`v‡b AvR Avgv‡`i gnvb eÜy fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x
kÖxgZx MvÜx‡K wb‡q G‡mwQ †m gq`vbwUi GKwU BwZnvm Av‡Q| 1971 mv‡ji
7B gvP© GB gq`v‡bB m¦vaxbZvi WvK w`‡qwQjvgÐ evsjvi gvbyl‡K A¯¿ Zy‡j
wb‡Z e‡jwQjvg| †lvjB wW‡m¤¦i GB gq`v‡bB ee©i Bqvwnqvi R½x evwnbx
AvZ¥mgc©b K‡iwQj| cvwK¯—v‡bi KvivMvi †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi ci GB
gq`v‡bB Avwg Avcbv‡`i mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡qwQ| Avi AvR GB gq`v‡bB
ms‡hvwRZ n‡”Q GK bZyb Aa¨vq| evsjvi wkKj fv½evi mvi_x fvi‡Zi
kªxgZx Bw›`iv MvÜx AvR Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ Dcw¯nZ|
MªvgÐM‡Ä AvR nvnvKvi| gvbyl bv †L‡q gi‡QÐ wkí KviLvbv eÜ n‡q Av‡Q|
K‡i w`‡q †M‡Q| G Ae¯nvq †`evi gZ Avgv‡`i wKQyB ‡bBÐ Av‡Q †Kej
Adziš— fvj evmvÐ Av‡Q mv‡o 7 †KvwU gvby‡li mwRe cÖv‡Yi Av‡eM| Avcwb
fyjevi bq
Avcbvi mvgwiK evwnbx Avgvi †`‡ki weaŸ¯— †ij c_ †givgZ K‡i w`‡q‡Q,
evi evi cÖPvi Pvwj‡q‡Q †h, fviZ evsjv †`k‡K `Lj Ki‡Z hv‡”Q|
‰mb¨ †bB|
e½eÜy e‡jbÐ Avcwb ïay fvi‡Zi ‡bÎx bbÐ Avcwb `ywbqvi gRjyg
ÔÔ‰`wbK AvRv`ÕÕ
18B gvP©, 1972
Bw›`ivRxi AfqevYx
fv‡M¨vbœq‡bi `„p msKí| wZwb Avkv cÖKvk K‡ib †h, GB `„p msKíB
B_v‡ii gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i Kv‡bi c`©vq †f‡m G‡m‡Q| c~Ye©vi GKB Avk¦vm
“Bangladesh Observer”
Dacca, Saterday, 18th March, 1972
She said that every country in the world should follow their
own ideology, customs and traditions in building a happy and
prosperous society.
Mrs. Gandhi said that she was happy to note today that many
of the countries were according recognition to Bangladesh, although
some of them took indifferent attitude to the cause of the suffering
humanity in Bangladesh at the initial stage. There were also many
rich countries among them.
She said that at that critical hour, the people of India, who are
themselves pior came forward to the help and assistance the
oppressed people of Bangladesh.
Speaking about her own country, she said that she was
committed to remove poverty from India. She, however, said that it
was not a task to be achieved overnight and her people had now
realised it. Mrs. Gandhi said that people of India were now confident
that poverty would be removed in due time.
55 crore Indians for the people of Bangladesh. She said that it was
an auspicious day because, the birthday of the Bangabandhu also
coincided with her visit to Banglaedesh. At this point she recited a
verse from Tagore. But then Apologising for her inability to speak in
Bangali fluently she switched over to Hindi.
Sardar Swaran Singh also took his seat in the dais Begum
Mujib with her youngest son Russel sat beside Mrs. Gandhi on the
dais. The members of the Bangladesh cabinet took their seats on
the dais which was tastefully decorated.
“Bangladesh Observer”
Dacca, Saterday, 18th March, 1972
said that it was a great occasion for the Bangalis to find Mrs.
Gandhi amidst them. The Bangabandhu said, “we are happy that we
could bring the friend of the oppressed people here today”
The Bangabandhu said that Mrs. Gandhi was not only the
leader of the biggest democratic country in the world; she was the
acclaimed leader of the oppressed humanity. The Bangabandhu
said that he would also work hand in hand with Mrs. Gandhi for the
oppressed people.
only fed the displaced persons at that time, she also contributed
generously to Bangladesh after her liberation. He said that India
gave monetary help, repaired damaged communication lines and
also promised to give five lakh tons of foodgrains.
“Bangladesh Observer”
320
rapt attention and in pin drop silence the audience ence listened to
For the last few days people from distant arears of the country
were started touring in the city to attend the meeting. Rail, road
and river transports were heavily crowded. People availed even the
roofs of the transports. By Friday hotel accommodation in the city
was almost impossible to get. The enthusiastic people who had no
kith and kin in the city passed their time on the verandahs of city
dwellings and on the rail way platforms and terminals.
MYZvwš¿K †`k fvi‡Zi cÖavb gš¿xi evsjv‡`k mdi Ges Zuvnvi eÜy‡Z¡i nvZ
AwfgZ I wm×vš— t
igbv ‡im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b 1948 mb nB‡Z
wewfbœ mg‡q AbywôZ Rbmfv¸wj Ges 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡L H D`¨v‡bB
Abyôvb BwZnvm m„wó Kwiqv‡Q Ges †mB Kvi‡Y GB ¯’vb¸wj 24 Aby‡”Q‡` e¨³
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†kl fv‡M Avj−vni bex wRÁvmv Kwi‡jb, ÔÔ†n Avj−vn Avwg wK †Zvgvi wb‡`©k
Zywj‡jb, ÔÔnu¨v, †n Avj−vni bex !ÕÕ BwZnvm m„wó nBj| Dc‡iv³ fvlY AZyjbxq I
m¦Mx©q|
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c~‡e© m‡µwUm wePv‡i ‡`vlx mve¨¯— nBqv †ngjK cv‡b g„Zy¨i gy‡LvgywL `uvovBqv
G¨v‡_Ýevmx‡`i m¤§y‡L GK Awem¥iYxq fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| hvnv wZwb †kl K‡ib
ÔÔIt is now time to depart, for me to die, for you to live. But which of us is
Gettysburg kn‡ii wbKU GK hy‡× BDwbqb evwnbx Rq jvf Kwi‡jI eû ‰mb¨ cÖvY
nvivq| hy³iv‡óª ZLbI †Kvb RvZxq mgvwa‡¶Î wQj bv| Gettysburg kn‡ii Gi
GKRb bvgRv`v G¨vUwY© David Wills GKwU RvZxq mgvwa‡¶‡Îi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv me©
L¨vwZgvb e³v Edward Everett ‡K cÖavb e³v wnmv‡e g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq| 19‡k
b‡f¤¦†i DrmM© Abyôv‡b wZwb †mvqv `yB N›Uv e³„Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| hy³iv‡óªi
appropriate remarks’ cÖ`vb Kwievi Rb¨ Abraham Lincoln ‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvb nq|
K¨v‡givg¨vb Qwe Zywjevi Rb¨ K¨v‡giv †mU& Kwievi c~‡e©B wZwb Zvnvi fvlY †kl
people, for the people, shall not perrish from the earth.
324
cÖejfv‡e mgv‡jvwPZ nb| wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z mK‡j Zuvnvi e³„Zvi ¸i“Z¡ I gg©v_©
Dcjwä Kwiqv wknwiZ nq| fvlYwU HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡jvf K‡i Ges BwZnv‡m cwiYZ
nq| †mB m‡½ Gettysburg RvZxq mgvwa‡¶Î HwZnvwmK ¯§„wZ wb`k©†b cwiYZ nq|
†h ¯’v‡b Abraham Lincoln fvlY cÖ`vb KwiqvwQ‡jb †mLv‡b Zuvnvi GKwU Ave¶
g~wZ© wbg©vY KiZt wekvj GKwU ¯§„wZ‡mŠa Mwoqv †Zvjv nBqv‡Q| †mB¯’v‡b c~Y©
fvlYwU gyw`ÖZ Kwiqv ivLv nBqv‡Q| Bnv GLb we‡k¦i m¦vaxbZvKvgx gvby‡li GKwU
cÖvq GKkZ ermi ci, IqvwksU‡bi Lincoln Memorial Gi m¤§y‡L 1963 m‡b
28‡k AMv÷ Zvwi‡L Rev. Martin Luther King, JR. GK gg©¯úkx© e³„Zvq e‡jb ‘ I
have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and .....................Õ| wbtm‡›`‡n Bnv
Dc‡i wewfbœ ¯’vcbv, wewfbœ NUbv, wewfbœ fvl‡Yi D‡j−L Kiv nBqv‡Q|
cÖZxqgvb nq †h, D³ ¯’vcbv¸wj hLb wbg©vY Kiv nq ZLb mswk−ó †Kvb e¨w³B
g‡b K‡ib bvB †h Zuvnviv BwZnvm m„wó Kwi‡Z‡Qb ev Zuvnv‡`i Kg© HwZnvwmK|
Zuvnv‡`i Kv‡h©i eû c‡i c„w_exi mf¨Zvi Dci mswk−ó K‡g©i cÖfve we‡k−lY Kwiqv
HwZnvwmKMY H¸wj‡K HwZnvwmK MY¨ Kwiqv‡Qb| GBfv‡eB hy‡M hy‡M wewfbœ ¯§„wZ
cÖvß nBqv‡Q|
AvBb cvk Kwiqv‡Q| Zvnv Qvov, 1895 m‡b Ks‡Mªm Gettysburg National
i¶v‡_© Ancient Monuments Preservations Act, 1904 (Act VII of 1904) wQj| cieZx©‡Z
325
The Antiquities Act, 1968 (Act XIV of 1968) cÖYxZ nq| D³ AvBb cvwK¯—v‡bi 1962
m‡bi msweav‡bi 131 Aby‡”Q‡`i AvIZvq cÖYxZ nBqv‡Q ewjqv cÖ¯—vebvq eY©bv
cÖv_©bv Kiv nq †h GKwU KwgwU gvidr D³ fvlY cÖ`v‡bi ¯’vb¸wj wPwýZ KiZt
†Rbv‡ij †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn&i fvlY| wRbœvni †bZ„‡Z¡ cvwK¯—vb AR©b m¤¢e
nBqvwQj| Zvnv‡K gvÎ GK bRi †`wLevi Rb¨ igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wekvj
RbmgvMg nBqvwQj| wRbœvn b~Zb †`k cvwK¯—vb m¤¦‡Ü wKQy bxwZ wba©viYx e³e¨
cÖ`vb K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb hLb cvwK¯—v‡bi ivóª fvlv ïaygvÎ D`©y nB‡e ewjqv †NvlYv
gymjgvbM‡Yi m¦v_© iw¶Z nBZ| 1940 m‡b mgMª fviZe‡l© gymwjg jxM nB‡Z
jv‡nvi cÖ¯—ve Avbqb K‡ib| 1946 m‡bi wbe©vP‡b cvwK¯—vb Bm¨y‡Z evsjvi
gymjgvbMY 97% †fvU gymwjg jxM‡K cÖ`vb K‡i| GKBfv‡e 1946 m‡b
AevOvwj‡`i Qvwoqv †`Iqv nq| wKš‘ cvwK¯—v‡bi 56% Aaywl¨Z Rb‡Mvôxi gvZ„fvlv
evsjv fvlv‡KI cwiZ¨vM Kwievi †NvlYv ïwbqv evOvwj gvb‡m 50 ermi m¦vaxbZv
msMªv‡gi ci wekvj GKwU av°v Lvq| m¦‡cœi cvwK¯—vb m¤¦‡Ü Zvnv‡`i †h aviYv
Zvrch© iwnqv‡Q|
D‡j−L¨ †h 1947 m‡b cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBevi ci nB‡Z G †`‡k †Kvb w`bB
MYZš¿ PP©v nq bvB| †RvovZvwj w`qv 1956 m‡b GKwU msweavb iwPZ nBj e‡U
wKš‘ `yB erm‡ii gv_vq †`‡k cÖ_g gvk©vj j Rvix nIqvq MYZš¿ m¤c~Y©fv‡e
wejyß nq| †`‡k GKbvqKZ¡ cÖwZwôZ nq| †mB m‡½ wejyß nq c~e©e‡½i b¨vh¨ Ask
cÖvwßi Avkv| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U 1966 m‡b †kL gywRe c~Y© m¦vqZ¡kvmb cvBevi `vex
m¤¦wjZ 6 `dv wfwËK Av‡›`vjb `ye©vi fv‡e Mwoqv †Zv‡jb| AvBqye Lvb A‡¯¿i
fvlvq Bnvi Reve w`evi û¼vi cÖ`vb K‡ib| †kL gywRe‡K AvMiZjv lohš¿
gvgjvq GK b¤¦i Avmvwg Kiv nq, cÖgvb nB‡j hvnvi kvw¯— wQj g„Zy¨| evsjvi
gvby‡li cÖej Av‡›`vj‡bi gy‡L D³ gvgjv cvwK¯—vb miKvi cÖZ¨vnvi Kwi‡Z eva¨
nq| †kL gywRe 1969 m‡bi 22†k †deªyqvwi gyw³ cvb| c~‡e© cwðg cvwK¯—v‡bi 4wU
cÖ‡`k jBqv GKwU BDwbU KiZt c~e© evsjvi msL¨v MwiôZv Le© Kiv nBqvwQj|
23†k †deªyqvwi‡Z igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b wZwb GB me© cÖ_g RbmsL¨vi wfwˇZ
(adult franchise) cÖZ¨¶ ‡fv‡U mvaviY wbe©vPb `vex K‡ib| wZwb Dfq cÖ‡`‡ki g‡a¨
c~‡e© Av‡ivwcZ msL¨v mvg¨ evwZj `vex K‡ib Ges 6 `dvi wfwˇZ msweavb
cÖYq‡bi `vex Rvbvb| D³ fvl‡YB wZwb 1940 m‡bi jv‡nvi cÖ¯—v‡ei Av½x‡K me©
cvwK¯—vb m„wó nBqvwQj 1969 m‡bi 23†k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡Li fvlY Zvnv nB‡Z
m¤c~Y© GK b~Zb w`K wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i| GB cÖ_g c~e©e‡½i msL¨v MwiôZvi
327
AwaKv‡ii `vex cÖejfv‡e DÌvwcZ nBj| GB mKj Kvi‡Y evsjvi †cÖ¶vc‡U Bnvi
Zrci Avgiv 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi Zvwi‡Li kc_ Mªnb Abyôvb m¤¦‡Ü
Av‡jvKcvZ Kwie|
MwiôZv AR©b K‡i| 1946 m‡bi wbe©vP‡b gymwjg jxM KZ„©K `vexK…Z cvwK¯—vb
Bmy¨i b¨vq 1970 m‡bi wbe©vP‡b 6 `dv `vex wQj AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbe©vPb Bmy¨|
GB 6 `dvi `vexi wfwˇZB c~Y© m¦vqZ¡kvmb cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖwZwU cÖ‡`‡ki Rb¨ `vex
Kiv nBqvwQj| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GB wekvj wbe©vPbx weRq 6 `dvi cÖwZ GB†`‡ki
gvby‡li wbisKzk mg_©b ewjqv cwiMwYZ nq| Kv‡RB ivR‰bwZK `j wnmv‡e 6 `dv
Kvh©Ki KiY Ges 6 `dvi wfwˇZB msweavb cÖYqb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Aek¨ KZ©e¨
wQj| wKš— 1947 mb nB‡ZB cvwK¯—v‡bi ivRbxwZ cÖvmv` loh‡š¿ gwmwjß wQj|
GgbwK 1954 m‡b hy³d«‡›Ui f~wgaŸm weR‡qi c‡iI Z`vbxš—b c~e© evsjvq cÖvmv`
lohš¿ cÖwZnZ Kiv m¤¢e nq bvB, AwZ m¦íKvj g‡a¨B MfY©‡ii kvmb c~e© evsjvq
Av‡ivc Kwiqv MYZš¿ PP©v cybivq bmvr Kiv nq| GB mKj Kvi‡YB ‡kL gywRe
`dv I AvIqvgx jxM m¤¦‡Ü mZK© Kwiqv †Zv‡j| AvIqvgx jxM †bZ„I Dcjwä
Kwi‡Z cv‡i †h mvgwiK Rvš—v †h †Kvb Dcv‡q G‡`‡ki gyw³ m~Î 6 `dv `vex‡K
cÖwZnZ Kwi‡Z †h †Kvb c`‡¶c MªnY Kiv nB‡Z wcQcvI nB‡e bv|
GgZ Ae¯’vq AvIqvgx jxM nB‡Z wbe©vwPZ msm` m`m¨MY †hb 6 `dv
`vexi A½xKvi nB‡Z ‡Kvb fv‡eB wePy¨r bv nB‡Z cv‡ib †m Kvi‡Y cÖKv‡k¨ j¶
j¶ gvby‡li m¤§y‡L mKj †bZ„e„›` 6 `dv‡K mgybœZ ivwLevi Rb¨ kc_ MªnY
K‡ib|
GB kc_ Mªn‡Yi gva¨‡g evOvwji wbKU cÖwZkª“Z 6 `dv `vex nB‡Z wePy¨r
6 `dv `vexi e¨vcv‡i †h †Kvb cÖKvi mg‡SvZvi AeKvk bvB Zvnv wZwb
M„nxZ nB‡j cvwK¯—vb ivRbxwZ‡Z Zvnv‡`i cÖvavb¨ †jvc cvB‡e| kc_ MªnY
Abyôv‡bi ci mvgwiK Rvš—v †h Zvnvi Dci w¶ß nB‡e Zvnv †kL gywRe fvjfv‡eB
Rvwb‡Zb wKš— Zvnvi c‡iI GB c`‡¶c B”QvK…Z fv‡e MªnY Kwiqv 6 `dv `vex‡K
GKwU point of no return cwiw¯’wZ‡Z jBqv Av‡mb hvnv‡Z nq 6 `dv cwic~Y© ev¯—
evqb KiZt evOjv m¤ú~Y© m¦vqZ¡ kvmb cÖvß nB‡e A_ev 6 `dv 1 `dvq cwiYZ
cÖK…Z c‡¶ †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `j KZ„©K Zvnv‡`i `vex jBqv GBiƒc cÖKvk¨
kc_ MªnY Kwievi †Kvb bwRi c„w_exi ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m Avi bvB| GLv‡bB GB
Bnvi ci Av‡m 1971 m‡bi 7B gvP© Zvwi‡Li fvlY cÖm½| wbtm‡›`‡n Bnv
1jv gvP© Zvwi‡L 3iv gvP© Zvwi‡L AbywôZe¨ RvZxq msm‡`i Awa‡ekb ¯’wMZ
nBevi m‡½ m‡½ evOvwj Rb‡Mvwô Dcjwä K‡i †h 6 `dv wfwËK m¦vqZ¡kvmb m~`~i
civnZ| g~û‡Z© RbMY wb‡RivB m¦Zù~Z©fv‡e m¦vaxbZvi `vex jBqv iv¯—vq bvwgqv
Av‡m| GLv‡bB †kL gywR‡ei ivR‰bwZK K…wZZ¡ I mvdj¨| MZ `yB hyM awiqv
¯’wMZ nBevi m‡½ m‡½ Zuvnvi cÖZ¨vkv g‡Z evOvwj mvaviY RbMY m¦Zù ~Z©fv‡e
KiZt †kL gywRe †NvlYv Kwi‡jb ÔGev‡ii msMªvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMªvg Gev‡ii
..........................................................................
Put a tongue.
Gevi 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi mfv cÖm½| 1971i m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i
evsjv‡`k m¦vaxb nBj| wKš‘ GB gyw³hy‡×i gnvbvqK †kL gywReyi ingvb ZLbI
Zvwi‡L †kL gywRe†K gyw³ `vb Kwiqv jÛ‡b †cÖiY K‡i| 10B Rvbyqvwi wZwb w`j−x
nBqv XvKvq AvMgY K‡ib| w`j−x wegvb e›`‡i fviZxq ivóªcwZ Zvunv‡K
wØcÖn‡i XvKv wegvb e›`‡i wZwb AvMgb Kwi‡j m¦vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki j¶ RbZv
Zvnv‡`i ivóªcwZ‡K AZyjbxq GK cÖvY Xvjv m¤¦a©bv Ávcb K‡i| evsjvi weRq
D‡j−L¨ †h evOvwji ms¯K…wZ, mvwnZ¨, wkí, K…wó, m‡ev©cwi BwZnvm hvnv GKwU
Rb‡Mvwô‡K RvwZ wnmv‡e m¦xK…wZ †`q Zvnvi me KqwU Dcv`vb _vKv m‡Z¡I cvwK¯—
K‡jvbx wnmv‡e GB cÖ‡`k‡K e¨envi KwiZ| †kL gywRe Zvunvi ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡bi
wegvb e›`i nB‡Z wZwb mivmwi igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b AvMgb K‡ib|
†mLv‡b A‡c¶vgvb j¶ RbZvi mg¥y‡L wZwb hy×weaŸ¯— evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi g~j wfwË
gv‡P©i ÔGev‡ii msMªvg Avgv‡`i gyw³i msMªvg, Gev‡ii msMªvg m¦vaxbZvi msMªvgÕ
GB †NvlYvi mvdj¨ gwÛZ weRq †NvlYv Ges iv‡óªi fwelrZ iƒc‡iLv †NvlYv
m¤úwK©Z 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwii Rbmfv I fvlY Dfq‡KB HwZnvwmK Zvrch©
cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Q|
AZtci, 1972 m‡bi 17B gv‡P©i Rbmfv| Hw`b fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv
MvÜx XvKv AvMgb K‡ib Ges ‡mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡b fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib|
1971 m‡bi 26†k gvP© Zvwi‡L hLb gyw³hy× Avi¤¢ nBj ZLb evsjv‡`k wQj
wZb w`‡K Aew¯’Z fviZxq cÖ‡`k¸wj‡Z cÖK…Z A‡_© wbtm¦ Ae¯’vq AvkÖq
jB‡ZwQj| H mgq cvwK¯—vb mvgwiK Rvš—vi cÖej cÖwZev‡`i gy‡LI Bw›`iv MvÜxi
†bZ„Z¡vaxb fviZ miKvi AvZ©gvbeZvi Wv‡K mvov w`qv cÖvq GK †KvwU kiYv_©x‡K
AvkÖq cÖ`vb Kwiqv Zvnv‡`i Rxeb i¶v K‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki e³e¨ Dc¯’vcb Ges
†kL gywR‡ei Rxeb i¶v Kwievi Rb¨ we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k wZwb QywUqv †eovb| we‡k¦i
evsjv‡`‡ki c‡¶ Zuvnvi e³e¨ ïay AMªvn¨ bq, Zvunv‡K AegvbbvI K‡i| wKš‘
wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ †mB AeÁv D‡c¶v Kwiqv hy³iv‡óªi RbM‡Yi wbKU
Av‡e`b iv‡Lb|
`yBkZ ermi c~‡e© d«vÝ †h fv‡e hy³iv‡óªi m¦vaxbZv hy‡× mwµq mnvqZv
cÖ`vb KwiqvwQj, evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy‡×I fviZ miKvi Abyiƒc mnvqZv cÖ`vb
K‡i| cÖK…Z c‡¶ evOvwj kiYv_x©M‡Yi Rxeb i¶v Ges evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZv hy×
Dfq †¶‡ÎB Bw›`iv MvÜxi e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM I Ae`vb Acwimxg| D‡j−L¨ †h fviZ
me©cÖ_g evsjv‡`k‡K m¦vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e m¦xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i| AviI D‡j−L¨ †h
Zvnv Qvov, Bw›`iv MvÜx evsjv‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z Dcw¯nZ nBevi c~‡e©B 12B gvP©
Zvwi‡Li g‡a¨ wgÎ evwnbxi †kl ‰mwbKwUI cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i| Bw›`iv MvÜx K_vq I
Kv‡R fviZ‡K evsjv‡`‡ki AK…wÎg eÜy †`k wnmv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kwi‡Z m¶g nb|
331
17B gvP© Zvwi‡L †mvn&ivIqvÏx© D`¨v‡b †kL gywR‡ei m¦vMZ fvl‡Yi Dˇi
Bw›`iv MvÜx evsjv‡`k‡K cÖK…Z A‡_© MYZvwš¿K †`k wnmv‡e weKwkZ nBevi
cÖK…Z c‡¶ Bw›`iv MvÜxi XvKvq AvMgb GK HwZnvwmK Zvrch© enb K‡i|
AZtci Avgiv 1971 m‡bi 16B wW‡m¤¦i Zvwi‡Li weRq w`e‡mi Zvrch©
Av‡jvPbv Kwie|
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w`e‡mi gva¨‡g Zvnv c~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| Bnv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h evsjv‡`k
iv‡óªi BwZnv‡m Dc‡iv³ `yBwU ZvwiL me©v‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| `yBwU ZvwiLB wbtm‡›`‡n
wØZxq gnvhy‡× cwðg iYv½‡Yi hy× Rvg©vbxi AvZ¥mgc©‡bi g‡a¨ mgvß nq|
nq|
Alfred Jodl AvZ¥mgc©b `wj‡j m¦v¶i cÖ`vb K‡ib| wKš‘ †mvwf†qZ BDwbq‡bi K_vq
cybivq 8B †g Zvwi‡L evwj©b kn‡i Avi GKwU AvZ¥mgc©b `wjj m¦v¶wiZ nq|
GBevi Rvg©vb c‡¶ m¦v¶i K‡ib Field Martial Wilhelm Keital I Ab¨ `yBRb| GB
NUbvB BwZnv‡m Zvrch©c~Y© wnmv‡e ¯nvb Kwiqv jBqv‡Q| Z‡e 2q gnvhy× I Bnvi
wbivciva gvby‡li nZ¨v h‡Ái weeiY cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z †gv‡UB Kvc©Y¨ K‡ib bvB|
Zvnviv hy× Rq nB‡Z AvZ© gvbeZvi aŸsm jxjvi eY©bv AK…cYfv‡e cÖ`vb Kwiqv
Kwiqv Bnv‡K gvbe mf¨Zvi ee©iZvi HwZnvwmK bRxi wnmv‡e Dc¯nvcb Kwiqv‡Qb|
Rvg©vbx I †cvjv‡Û Aew¯’Z AmsL¨ ea¨f~wgi Dci wbwg©Z mgvwa †mŠa¸wj †mB
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w`e‡mi g ¯nvwcZ| Avgiv Zvnv‡`i m¥iY Kwi ev bv Kwi, m¤§vb Kwi ev bv Kwi
Zvnviv Zvnv‡`i Rxeb w`qv BwZnv‡m ¯nvb Kwiqv jBqv‡Qb| ïaygvÎ gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
m¦vaxbZvi †Kvb BwZnvmB †jLv m¤¢e bq| Zvnv‡`i AvZ©bv`‡K Am¦xKvi Kwiqv
†KvbI weRq w`em m¤c~Y© nB‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvnviv Zvnv‡`i i³ w`qv, m¤£g w`qv
weRq w`e‡mi BwZnv‡mi Ask nBqv iwnqv‡Q| Zvnv‡`i Am¦xKvi Kwi‡j evOvwj RvwZ
m¦vaxb Kwievi Rb¨ Zvnv‡`i Rxeb wemR©b w`qv‡Qb| fwel¨r cÖRb¥ Me©‡eva Kwi‡e
333
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cÖRb¥ AviI Dcjwä Kwi‡e †h, gyw³†hv×vMb †h Av`‡k©i Rb¨ Zvnv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
cÖvY Ag−vY e`‡b wemR©b w`qv‡Qb †mB Av`k© Aek¨B mgybœZ ivwLevi `vwqZ¡ I
KZ©e¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mK‡ji| Zvnv‡`i g‡b ivwL‡Z nB‡e †h, gyw³†hv×vMY m‡ev©”P
Z¨v‡Mi wewbg‡q Zvnv‡`i Rb¨B evsjv†`k m„wó Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb| fwel¨r cÖRb¥
Kvnv‡iv bvB| Kvib GB ‡`k Ab¨ †Kn m„wó K‡i bvB| GB †`k gyw³‡hv×vMY
Zvunv‡`i i‡³i wewbg‡q m„wó Kwiqv‡Qb| gyw³‡hv×vMY m¦vaxbZv AR©b Kwiqv fwel¨r
cÖK…Z gyw³i c_Ðwb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwiqv wMqv‡Qb Ges cÖK…Z gyw³ AR©b Kwievi
m„wó nBevi gvÎ mvZ gvm ci nB‡Z wKfv‡e av‡c av‡c cÖ_‡g gvZ„fvlvi Rb¨
msMªvg, Zrci m¦vqZ¡kvm‡bi Rb¨ msMªvg, Zrci m¦vaxbZvi Rb¨ msMªvg Kwiqv
Zvnv‡`i c~e© cyi“lMY GB †`k m¦vaxb Kwiqv‡Qb †hLv‡b Zvnviv GLb Mwe©Z ev½vwj
Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv wb‡R‡`i‡K GKwU Mwe©Z RvwZi bvMwiK wnmv‡e Me©‡eva Kwi‡e|
gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm Rvwb‡Z cvwiqv we‡k¦i Av‡iv A‡bK m¦vaxb †`‡ki bvMwiK‡`i
b¨vq AnsKvi ‡eva Kwi‡e| Zvnviv evsjv‡`‡ki m¦vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mi wcQ‡b AmsL¨
gyw³‡hv×v‡`i K_v m¥iY Kwiqv †cÖiYv jvf Kwi‡e Ges gyw³hy‡×i Kwó cv_‡i
Kwiqv weRq w`e‡mi ¯§„wZ†mŠ‡ai mg¥y‡L `vuovBqv Kwe kvgmyi ingv‡bi mwnZ
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gyw³‡hv×v‡`i mgvwa‡¶Î Ges ea¨f~wg wPwýZ KiZt msi¶Y Kwievi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k
miKvi‡K wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kiv nB†Z‡Q| GB mKj ea¨f~wg Avgv‡`i gyw³ hy‡×i mv¶¨
wnmv‡e mgybœZ _vwK‡e| kZel© c‡i nB‡jI Avgv‡`i fwel¨r cÖRb¥ GB ea¨f~wgi
RvwZ wnmv‡e we‡k¦i `iev‡i gv_v DuPy Kwiqv `uvovB‡Z cvwi‡e| GB mKj ea¨f~wgi
m¤£‡gi wewbg‡q Zvnviv AvR Mwe©Z RvwZ| Zvnviv m¥iY Kwi‡e beve wmivRD‡ÏŠjv,
gvóvi`v m~h©¨†mb, cÖxwZjZv Iqv‡`Ïvi, Bjv wg·K, Zvnviv bxi‡e m¥iY Kwi‡e
Av‡iv AmsL¨ bvg bv Rvbv gyw³‡hv×v‡`i, Zvnviv g‡b g‡b ewj‡e ÐÐPyc ! Av‡¯— ! !
Lye Av‡¯—, ax‡i, Ô wZô ¶YKvj; GB ¯nv‡b Avgv‡`i exiMY wPiwb`ªvq kvqxZ !!
Avgiv fywj bvB, Avgiv Zvnv‡`i AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K_v fywj bvB !! fywj‡Z cvwi bv !!
wbivciva gvbyl‡K Lyb KwiqvwQj †mB mKj ea¨f~wgI BwZnv‡mi Aš—M©Z, HwZnvwmK
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Kiv nBqv‡Q|
ïay ZvnvB b‡n Bnv GKwU e¨wZµgagx© ixU †gvKvÏgvI e‡U| GB †gvKvÏgvi
iwnqv‡Q|
cÖ‡qvRb nBqv c‡o| KviY D³ BwZnvm eY©bv I ch©v‡jvPbv e¨wZ‡i‡K ev`x weev`x
ev `iLv¯—Kvixi we‡ivaxq welq gvgjvi KviY Ges CáxZ cÖwZKvi KL‡bvB cÖ`vb
mwVK fv‡e Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e nBZ bv| GLv‡b D‡j−L¨ †h wek¦weL¨vZ Jurist I
hy³iv‡óªi mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePvicwZ Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes BwZnvm cÖm‡½
Zvwi‡L cª`Ë wRbœvn&i fvlY, 1969 m‡b 23 †k †deªyqvwi Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë †kL
gywR†ei fvlY, 7B gv‡P©i fvlY, 1972 m‡bi 10B Rvbyqvwi‡Z cÖ`Ë †kL
gywR‡ei fvlY Ges 17B gvP© Zvwi‡L cÖ`Ë †kL gywRe I Bw›`iv MvÜxi fvlY
BwZnvm m„wó Kwiqv‡Q| Dch©y³ cÖwZwU fvlY igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb, eZ©gvb
†mvn&‡ivqv`x© D`¨v‡b cÖ`vb Kiv nBqvwQj| ZvnvQvov, 1971 m‡bi 3iv Rvbyqvwi
Zvwi‡Li kc_ MªnY Abyôvb Ges 16B wW‡m¤¦i weRq w`e‡m cvwK¯—vb †mbvevwnbxi
†mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨v‡bi Dc‡iv³ cÖwZwU ¯’vb i¶v Kwievi `vwqZ¡ iv‡óªi Dci Ac©Y
Kwiqv‡Q|
igbv Z_v †mvn&ivIqv`x© D`¨vb GjvKv wbQK GKwU GjvKv bq| GB GjvKvwU
XvKv kni cˇbi mgq nB‡ZB G ch©š— GKwU we‡kl GjvKv wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ
nBqv‡Q Ges Bnvi GKwU HwZnvwmK I cwi‡ekMZ HwZn¨ Av‡Q| ïay ZvnvB bq,
GB cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZI m¤ú~Y© GjvKvwU GKwU we‡kl GjvKv wnmv‡e msi¶‡Yi `vex iv‡L|
GLv‡b Ggb †Kvb ¯’vcbv _vKv DwPZ bq hvnv GB GjvKvi BwZnvmÐHwZn¨ we›`ygvÎ
‡K g−vb Kwi‡Z cv‡i| cwi‡ekMZ w`K nB‡Z Zvnv AviI we‡aq bq KviY igbvi
D`¨vb ev igbv †im‡Kvm© gq`vb XvKv kn‡ii †`‡n dzmdz‡mi b¨vq Ae¯’vb
†h‡nZy m¥iY Kvj nB‡ZB Bnv D`¨vb wnmv‡e cwiwPZ †mB‡nZy 2000 m‡bi
†kªYx mvaviYfv‡e AcwieZ©bxq| Bnv‡K Abvek¨K ¯’vcbv Øviv fvivµvš— Kiv A‰ea
nB‡e|
nBqvwQj †mB mKj ¯’vb¸wjI gyw³hy‡×i cweÎ ¯§„wZ¯’vb| ¯—ywcK…Z KsKvj weRq
w`em‡K m¤¢e KwiqvwQj| H mKj ea¨f~wgI †mB Kvi‡Y HwZnvwmK ¯’vb Ges
Ac©Y Kwiqv‡Q|
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wKš‘ GB mKj bxwZ mvaviYZt Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g ejer‡hvM¨ b‡n| wKš‘ †Kvb
miKvi msweav‡bi wØZxq fv‡M ewY©Z g~jbxwZ cwicš’x †Kvb c`‡¶c MªnY Kwi‡Z
cvwi‡e bv, Kwi‡j Av`vjZ Aek¨B g~jbxwZ mgybœZ ivwL‡Z mswk−ó mKj‡K eva¨
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Aciƒc †mŠ›`h© eY©bv Kwiqv msweav‡bi mswk−ó g~jbxwZ Av‡ivc KiZt M¨vm
ms‡hvM MªnY bv Kiv ch©š— 292wU wkí KviLvbv Zvr¶wbKfv‡e eÜ Kwievi wb‡`©k
Kwiqv Dc‡i ewY©Z HwZnvwmK ¸i“Z¡ m¤úbœ ¯’vb mg~n weK…wZ I webvk Kiv
nB‡Z‡Q| miKvi c‡¶ GB Awf‡hvM Am¦xKvi Kwi‡Z cv‡i bvB| GgZ Ae¯’vq,
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c`‡Ki D‡×©|
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