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RvwZmsN we‡k¦i ¯^vaxb RvwZmg~‡ni msMVb| 1945 mv‡j 51 wU ivó« KZ©…K GwU cÖwZwôZ nq| RvwZmsN GKwU
eûcÿxq Pzw³i gva¨‡g m…wó n‡q‡Q Ges Gi m`m¨ ivó«mg~‡ni AwaKvi Ges eva¨evaKZv Gi mb‡` AšÍ©f~³ i‡q‡Q|
RvwZmsN g~jZ GKwU ivR‰bwZK AvšÍtivóªxq msMVb Ges GwU Awa-ivóªxK ev †Kv‡bv wek¦ miKvi bq| RvwZmsN
mb‡`i cÖavb w`K¸‡jv n‡jv: AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv msiÿY Ges GZ`y‡Ï‡k¨ kvwšÍf‡½i ûgwK wbeviY I
`yixKi‡Yi Rb¨, Ges AvµgY A_ev Ab¨vb¨ kvwšÍf½Ki Kvh©Kjvc `g‡bi Rb¨ Kvh©Ki †hŠ_ Kg©cš’v MÖnY, Ges
kvwšÍc~Y© Dcv‡q b¨vqwePvi I AvšÍR©vwZK we‡iva ev AvB‡bi bxwZi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L AvšÍR©vwZK we‡iva ev
kvwšÍf‡½i Avk¼vc~Y© cwiw¯’wZi wb®úwË ev mgvavb; wewfbœ RvwZi g‡a¨ mgAwaKvi I AvZ¥wbqš¿Y bxwZi wfwˇZ
†mŠnv`¨©c~Y© m¤ú‡Ki« cÖmvi Ges wek¦kvwšÍ `„p Kivi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ Dchy³ Kg©cš’v MÖnY; A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK,
mvs¯‹…wZK ev gvbweK wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK mgm¨vmg~‡ni mgvav‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvi weKvk mvab Ges
gvbweK AwaKvi I RvwZ‡Mvwô, ¯¿x-cyiæl, fvlv ev ag© wb©©e©‡k‡l mK‡ji †gŠj AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×v cÖ`k©‡b Drmvn
`vb| Avi GB welq¸‡jv wb‡q wek^Ry‡o kvwšÍ I m¤úªxwZ wbwðZK‡í KvR K‡i hv‡”Q RvwZmsN|

G BDwb‡Ui cv‡V Avcwb hv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb

 cvV-6.1 RvwZmsN MV‡bi cUf~wg

 cvV-6.2 RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`k
 cvV-6.3 wek^kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq RvwZms‡Ni f~wgKv
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 2q cÎ

cvV-6.1 RvwZmsN MV‡bi cUf~wg

AvšÍtivó«xq ms¯’vi BwZnvm ivó« KZ©…K cÖ_g AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb M‡o D‡V we‡kl wKQy wel‡q mn‡hvwMZvi j‡ÿ¨|
msK‡Ui kvwšÍc~Y© mgvavb, hy× cÖwZ‡iva Ges hy×bxwZ cÖYq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1899 mv‡j †n‡M AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ m‡¤§jb
AbywôZ nq| †nM m‡¤§j‡b AvšÍR©vwZK msK‡Ui kvwšÍc~Y© mgvav‡bi j‡ÿ¨ †h Kb‡fbkb cÖYxZ nq Zvi Dci wfwË
K‡i ¯’vqx mvwjkx Av`vjZ cÖwZwôZ nq, hv 1902 mvj †_‡K KvR ïiæ K‡i| 1907 mv‡j †h †nM m‡¤§jb nq,
†mLv‡b 26 wU BD‡ivcxq ivó« AskMÖnY K‡i Ges GB m‡¤§j‡bB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb MV‡bi
AvKv•Lv ivó« mg~‡ni g‡a¨ Abyf~Z nq| wKš‘ 1914 mv‡j cÖ_g wek¦h‡y ×i m~Pbv n‡j wek¦msMVb MV‡bi aviYvwU
Avi †ewk `~i AMÖmi n‡Z cv‡i wb| 1918 mv‡j cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i mgvwß n‡j gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U D‡W«v DBjmb
wek¦kvwšÍ I wbivcËv eRvq ivLvi j‡ÿ¨ wek¦ msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi D‡`¨vM †bb| 1919 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvwi c¨vwim
m‡¤§j‡b †cÖwm‡W›U D‡W«v DBjmb Zvui †PŠÏ `dv cÖ¯Íve wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib, †hLv‡b gvbeZvi Kj¨v‡Y
AvZ¥wbqš¿YvwaKvi, †hŠ_ wbivcËv, mvavib wbi¯¿xKi‡Yi welq¸‡jv cÖwZdwjZ nq Ges bZyb wek¦ e¨e¯’vq kvwšÍ
Ges mvgvwRK b¨vqwePvi cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ GKwU wek¦ msMVb M‡o †Zvjvi B”Qv cÖKvk cvq|
RvwZms‡Ni c~‡e© jxM Ae †bkÝ bv‡gi AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb we‡k¦i RvwZmg~‡ni g‡a¨ kvwšÍ Ges mn‡hvwMZv wbwðZ
Kivi j‡ÿ¨ `vqe× wQj| 1920 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvwi ÔAvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv, kvwšÍ Ges wbivcËvÕ cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨
jxM Ae †bkÝ cÖwZwôZ nq| jxM Ae †bkÝ 58 wU m`m¨ ivó« wb‡q MwVZ n‡qwQj| ïiæ‡Z jxM Ae †bk‡Ýi
Kvh©µg mdjfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡jI 1930 mv‡ji ci †_‡K Rvg©vbx, BZvwj Ges Rvcv‡bi g‡Zv Aÿkw³i Øviv
cÖfvweZ n‡q 1939 mv‡j wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i m~Pbv n‡j jxM Ae †bk‡Ýi Kvh©µg †f‡½ c‡o| wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i m~Pbv
n‡j GUv ¯úó n‡q hvq †h, jxM Ae †bkÝ we‡k¦i kvwšÍ iÿvi cÖavb jÿ¨ c~i‡Y e¨_© n‡q‡Q|
RvwZmsN †NvlYv jxM Ae †bkÝ e¨_© n‡jI RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZôvZviv jxM Ae †bk‡Ýi aviYv Øviv DØy× nb|
ÔRvwZmsNÕ bv‡gi cÖ_g m~Pbv nq gvwK©b hy³iv‡ó«i †cÖwm‡W›U d«v¼wjb wW. iæR‡f‡ëi Øviv Ges Gi cÖ_g e¨envi
nq 1945 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvwi wØZxq wek¦hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q m¤úvw`Z Ômw¤§wjZ RvwZmg~‡ni †NvlYviÕ gva¨‡g,
†hLv‡b 26wU †`‡ki cÖwZwbwaeM© cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Aÿkw³i weiæ‡× mw¤§wjZ kw³i gva¨‡g hy‡× Kivi †NvlYv
†`q| 1945 mv‡ji 25 GwcÖj †_‡K 26 Ryb mvbd«vbwm‡¯‹v‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb cÖ‡kœ ÔRvwZmg~‡ni m‡¤§j‡bÕ 50
wU †`‡ki cÖwZwbwaiv RvwZmsN mb` iPbv K‡ib| 1944 mv‡ji AvMó-A‡±ve‡i IqvwksU‡bi Wv¤^vU©b IK‡mi
ˆeV‡K Pxb, d«vÝ, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb, hy³ivR¨ I hy³iv‡ó«i cÖwZwbwae‡M©i cÖ¯Íve¸wji Ici wfwË K‡i GB mb`
M‡o I‡V| m‡¤§j‡b AskMÖnYKvix 50wU iv‡ó«i cÖwZwbwaiv 1945 mv‡ji 26 Ryb mb`wU Aby‡gv`b I ¯^vÿi K‡ib|
†cvj¨vÛ m‡¤§j‡b Dcw¯’Z bv _vK‡jI c‡i G‡Z ¯^vÿi cÖ`vb K‡i cÖ_g ¯^vÿiKvix 51wU iv‡ó«i GKwU‡Z cwiYZ
nq| 1945 mv‡ji 25 A‡±vei Pxb, d«vÝ, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb, hy³ivR¨, hy³ivó« I ¯^vÿiKvix Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvsk
†`‡ki mb` Aby‡gv`‡bi ga¨ w`‡q AvbyôvwbKfv‡e RvwZmsN cÖwZwôZ nq|
RvwZmsN msMVb eZ©gv‡b RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ msL¨v 192 Ges RvwZms‡Ni Kg©cwiwa wek¦e¨vwc we¯Í…Z| RvwZmsN
mb` Abyhvqx mb‡` D‡jøwLZ mgy`q `vq`vwqZ¡ hviv MÖnY Ki‡e Ges msMVbwUi wePv‡i hviv Gme `vq`vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡Z mÿg I B”QyK †miƒc Ab¨ mKj kvwšÍwcÖq iv‡ói Rb¨ RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨c` Db¥y³ _vK‡e (mb‡`i Aby‡”Q`
bs 4)| RvwZmsN cÖwZôvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK A½‡b b¨vqwePvi bxwZi Dci wfwË K‡i kvwšÍ, Dbœqb,
gvbevwaKvi Ges mKj gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZv e…w× Kiv| AvšÍR©vwZK msKU gyn~‡Z© GB
msMVb RvZxq ¯^v_© iÿvq ivó«mg~‡ni g‡a¨ ci¯ú‡ii Dci wbf©ikxjZv ˆZwi K‡i fvimvg¨ eRvq iv‡L| kvwšÍiÿv,
kvwšÍ m…wó, msKU cÖwZ‡iva Ges gvbexq mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ RvwZmsN †ekx cwiwPZ n‡jI GB w`K¸‡jvi evB‡iI wewfbœ
Dcv‡q RvwZmsN Ges Gi A½ms¯’vmg~n (wewfbœ we‡klvwqZ ms¯’v, dvÛ Ges Kg©m~wP) wek¦‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| GB
msMVb e…nËi cwim‡i wewfbœ †gŠwjK Bm¨y, †hgb †UKmB Dbœq‡bi aviYv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i cwi‡ek Ges kiYv_©x‡`i
iÿY, `y‡h©vM mnvqZv, mš¿vmev` `gb, wbi¯¿xKiY Ges cvigvbweK A¯¿ we¯Ívi †iva, MYZš¿ cÖwZôv, gvbevwaKvi,
kvmb e¨e¯’v, A_©‰bwZK-mvgvwRK Dbœqb I AvšÍR©vwZK ¯^v¯’¨, f~wg gvBb AcmviY, Lv`¨ Drcv`b e…w× Ges eZ©gvb
I fwel¨Z cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ wbivc` wek¦ Movi jÿ¨ c~i‡Y KvR K‡i _v‡K|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 88
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq GBPGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cvV-6.2 RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`k

evsjv‡`k Ges RvwZmsN evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ RvwZms‡Ni m¤ú‡K©i m~Pbv nq 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi mg‡q|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× ïay GKwU gyw³ Av‡›`vjb bq, GwU GKwU †gŠwjK gvbevwaKvi `j‡bi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vjb|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× RvwZmsN g~jZ hy³ n‡qwQj gvbevwaKvi j•N‡bi weiæ‡× Ae¯’vb MÖnY; Ges kiYv_©x‡`i
mnvqZv `v‡bi ga¨ w`‡q| 1971 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m HwZnvwmK Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb PjvKv‡j Av‡›`vj‡b
AskMÖnYKvix †bZ…e…›` ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi gvby‡li AvZ¥wbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi cÖwZôvq mnvqZv †P‡q ZvievZ©v
cvwV‡qwQ‡jb ZrKvjxb RvwZmsN gnvmwPe D_v‡›Ui Kv‡Q| †m mg‡q RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi XvKv¯’ cÖwZwbwai
m‡½ GKwU we‡kl ˆeVKI K‡iwQ‡jb Zvuiv| 1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Dci †h MYnZ¨v msNwVZ nq, Zv
mviv we‡k¦ Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m…wó K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ wek¦‡bZvi m‡½ †mw`b RvwZmsN gnvmwPe D_v›U GB MYnZ¨v‡K wb›`v
K‡i G‡K Ôgvbe BwZnv‡mi Kjw¼Z Aa¨vqÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb|
1971 mv‡ji 17 GwcÖj miKvi MV‡bi ci Gi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR nq evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ we‡k¦i
RbgZ I ivó«mg~‡ni mg_©b I ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq Kiv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ gywRebMi miKv‡ii GKwU we‡kl cÖwZwbwa`j‡K
1971 mv‡ji 21 †m‡Þ¤^i RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡`i 26 Zg Awa‡ek‡b †cÖiY Kiv nq| evsjv‡`k cÖwZwbwa`j
1971 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m RvwZmsN cøvRvq GKwU mvsevw`K m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g wek¦‡K Rvwb‡q †`q †h Av‡cvl
m¤¢vebvi cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K Avgiv †ewi‡q G‡mwQ| 1971 mv‡ji 4 wW‡m¤^i RvwZms‡Ni Awa‡ek‡b evsjv‡`k
cÖwZwbwa‡`i `xN© e³e¨ cvVv‡bv nq Ges GwU wbivcËv cwil‡`i Awdwmqvj WKy‡g›U wn‡m‡e AšÍf©y³ nq| GB cÖ_g
RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li e³e¨ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwai gva¨‡g cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ nq|
wØZxq †h †ÿÎwU‡Z RvwZmsN mwµq wQj †mUv n‡”Q kiYv_©x‡`i mvnvh¨ cÖ`vb| cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi AgvbweK
wbh©vZb I MYnZ¨vi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki jÿ jÿ gvbyl M…nZ¨vM K‡i cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fvi‡Z AvkÖq †bq| GB
kiYv_©x‡`i evuwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ †h e¨e¯’vcbv I A_©e‡ji cÖ‡qvRb wQj, Zv †Kv‡bv iv‡ó«i c‡ÿ GKKfv‡e †gUv‡bv
m¤¢e wQj bv| evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnv‡mi †mB µvwšÍKv‡j fvi‡Z evsjv‡`kx kiYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvi j‡ÿ¨ RvwZmsN
e¨vcK ÎvY ZrciZv Pvjvq| kiYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvi Kv‡R RvwZms‡Ni G m¤ú„w³i d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³msMÖvg
†KŠkjMZfv‡eI jvfevb nq| cvwK¯Ívb Ges Av‡iv wKQy †`k G msMÖvg‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÔAvf¨šÍixY welqÕ Ges fviZ
cvwK¯Ívb Ø›Ø e‡j wPwÎZ Kivi †h AccÖqv‡m wjß wQj, RvwZms‡Ni GB mvnv‡h¨i d‡j Zv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq|
RvwZms‡Ni kiYv_©x msµvšÍ nvBKwgkbvi m`iæwÏb AvMv Lvb mn D”Pc`¯’ RvwZmsN Kg©KZ©viv wewfbœ kiYv_©x
wkwei cwi`k©b K‡ib| wewfbœ kiYv_©x wkwe‡i BDGbGBPwmAvi QvovI wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v, wek¦ Lv`¨ Kg©m~Px,
BDwb‡md cÖf…wZ RvwZmsN-ms¯’v kiYv_©x‡`i Rb¨ KvR ïiæ K‡i|
Ab¨w`‡K, ZrKv‡j AwaK…Z-evsjv‡`‡kI RvwZmsN ÎvY ZrciZv ïiæ K‡i| 1971 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m Rb Avi
†Kwji †bZ…‡Z¡ B÷ cvwK¯Ívb wiwjd Acv‡ikb (BDGbBwcAviI) ÎvY ZrciZv ïiæ K‡i| c‡i RvwZmsN m`i`߇i
GB `vwqZ¡ †bb AvÛvi †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij c`gh©v`vi cj g¨vw° †nbwi| G mg‡q gywRebMi miKvi Awf‡hvM K‡i
†h, cvwK¯Ívwb ˆmb¨iv G ÎvY Kvh©µ‡gi Ace¨envi Ki‡Q| 16 b‡f¤^i G Kvh©µg‡K ÔcvwK¯Ívbx wbqš¿Y gy³Õ K‡i
RvwZmsN wb‡RB Gi me©gq KZ©…Z¡ MÖnY K‡i| GwU wQj ZrKvjxb c~e© cvwK¯Ívb cÖkvm‡bi Dci GKwU ˆbwZK
AvNvZ|
1971 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki D‡`¨v‡M c¨vwi‡m cvwK¯Ívb GBW Kb‡mvwU©qv‡gi †h ˆeVK nq Zv‡Z ZrKvjxb
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’v wd‡i bv Avmv ch©šÍ bZyb mvnvh¨ w`‡Z `vZv‡Mvôx A¯^xKvi K‡i| Ôc~e© cvwK¯Ívb Kvh©Z
miKviwenxb i‡q‡QÕ wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki G gšÍe¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg‡K †eMevb K‡i| 1971 mv‡j RvwZmsN
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i (B‡KvmK) Av‡jvP¨m~wP‡ZI evsjv‡`‡ki kiYv_©x mgm¨v ¸iæZ¡c~Y©fv‡e DÌvwcZ
nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q RvwZmsN e…nr AvKv‡ii ÎvY Ges cybe©vmb Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bq| 1971 mv‡ji
21 wW‡m¤^i RvwZmsN gnvmwPe KyU© Iqvì‡nBg RvwZmsN wiwjd Acv‡ikbm XvKv (AvbiW) bv‡g cwiwPZ RvwZmsN

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 89
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek^we`¨vjq BwZnvm 2q cÎ

ÎvY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi AvbyôvwbK †NvlYv †`b Ges GKRb AvÛvi †m‡µUvix †Rbv‡ij‡K Gi `vwqZ¡fvi †`qv
nq| m¨vi ievU© R¨vKm‡bi cwiPvjbvq ïiæ nq GB RvwZmsN ÎvYKvh©| GB Kvh©µ‡gi e¨vwßi gy‡L Avbi‡Wi bvg
wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ cwiewZ©Z n‡q cwiYZ nj Avbie-G, hvi cy‡iv bvg evsjv‡`‡k RvwZmsN ÎvY Kvh©µg| 1973
mv‡j 31 wW‡m¤^i hLb cwiKíbv Abyhvqx Avbie Zvi Riæix ÎvY Ges cybe©vmb ZrciZv †kl K‡i ZLb GK
mgxÿvq †`Lv hvq †h, IB mgq ch©šÍ RvwZmsN cwiPvwjZ ÎvYKv‡h©i g‡a¨ me©e…nr wQj Avbi‡ei ÎvYKvh©|
evsjv‡`k-RvwZmsN m¤úK© Av‡iv †Rvi`vi nq hLb 1973mv‡ji 9 †de«yqvwi RvwZmsN gnvmwPe KyU© Iqvì‡nBg
evsjv‡`k md‡i Av‡mb Ges cÖavbgš¿x e½eÜy †kL gywRei ingv‡bi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡ib Ges hy× weaŸ¯Í †`‡ki
AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| G mdi Øviv RvwZmsN evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZMVb cÖwµqvq mg_©b
`vb K‡i| G mg‡q RvwZms‡Ni mnvqZvq hy×Kvjxb mg‡q weaŸ¯Í Pvjbv †cv‡U© Wy‡e hvIqv RvnvRmg~nI Acmvib
Kiv nq| GQvov 1973 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m cvwK¯Ív‡b AvU‡K cov evOvwj‡`i wdwi‡q Avb‡ZI RvwZmsN D‡`¨vM
MÖnY K‡i|
evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZms‡N †hvM`vb ¯^vaxbZvi Ae¨ewnZ c‡iB RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨c` cÖvwßi j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k wbiwew”Qbœ
cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| G j‡ÿ¨ evsjv‡`k RvwZmsN mb‡`i Av`k© I bxwZgvjvi cÖwZ AKyÉ mg_©b e¨³ K‡i| ¯^vaxbZvi
c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †h msweavb M…nxZ nq Zv‡Z Ggb Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q` I evK¨ i‡q‡Q hv my¯úófv‡e RvwZms‡Ni mb`
I fveavivi m‡½ m½wZc~Y©| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b AZ¨šÍ ¯úó fvlvq ejv n‡q‡Q †h: ÔAvšÍR©vwZK AvBb Ges
RvwZms‡Ni mb‡` ewY©Z bxwZmg~‡ni cÖwZ kÖ×v, GB mKj bxwZ n‡e iv‡ó«i AvšÍR©vwZK m¤ú‡K©i wfwËÕ (Aby‡”Q`-
25)| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b †gŠwjK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Ggb Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q` I evK¨ i‡q‡Q hv my¯úófv‡e
RvwZms‡Ni fveavivi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b gvbevwaKv‡ii welqwU mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKv‡ii
†NvlYvi Av‡jv‡K cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q, hv AvB‡bi kvmb, †gŠwjK AwaKvi, A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK mgZv, ¯^vaxbZv Ges
b¨vqwePv‡ii wbðqZv †`q|
1972 mv‡j RvwZmsN m`i`߇i mvaviY cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb PjvKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb ciivó« gwš¿i †bZ…‡Z¡
GKwU ch©‡eÿK `j evsjv‡`‡ki m`m¨c` cÖvwßi j‡ÿ¨ ZrciZv Pvjvq| wKš‘ RyjwdKvi Avjx fy‡U«vi mg‡q
cvwK¯Ívb miKv‡ii cÖ‡ivPbvq wbivcËv cwil‡` Px‡bi †f‡Uv cÖ‡qv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ci ci `yÕevi evsjv‡`k RvwZms‡Ni
m`m¨ n‡Z e¨_© nq| evsjv‡`k AvbyôvwbKfv‡e 1974 mv‡ji 17 †m‡Þ¤^i 136 Zg m`m¨ wn‡m‡e RvwZms‡N
†hvM`vb K‡i| †hvM`v‡bi GK mßvn ci 1974 mv‡ji 25 †m‡Þ¤^i RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡` e½eÜy †kL gywRei
ingvb evsjvq fvlY cÖ`vb K‡ib| evsjv‡`k 1974 mv‡ji 17 †m‡Þ¤^i RvwZms‡N m`m¨c` jvf Ki‡jI Gi c~e©
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we‡klvwqZ A½ ms¯’vi m`m¨c` jvf K‡i|
RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨c` cÖvwßi ci †_‡KB evsjv‡`k wek¦mfvq Zvi f~wgKv †i‡L P‡j‡Q Ges RvwZms‡Ni ivR‰bwZK,
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Ges wbivcËv welqK wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Ði m‡½ RwoZ n‡q‡Q| RvZxq bxwZi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨
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1979-80 mv‡j Ges wØZxqevi 2000-2001 mv‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_gev‡ii (1979-80) wbivcËv cwil‡`i
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BDwbU 6 c„ôv 90
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RvwZmsN wbivcËv cwil‡`i †h A¯¿wb‡lavÁv KwgwU nq Zvi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nq|
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K‡mv‡fv, wm‡qiv wjqb Ges c~e© wZgy‡ii g‡Zv welq¸‡jv G mg‡qi wbivcËv cwil‡`i cÖvavb¨ we¯ÍviKvix Bm¨y
wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| Gmg‡q evsjv‡`k ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `y‡Uv KwgwU, wm‡qiv wjqb welqK KwgwU Ges Aby‡gv`‡bi f~wgKv
welqK Kvh©KwgwUi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GQvovI evsjv‡`k 2000 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m Ges 2001 mv‡ji Ryb
gv‡m wbivcËv cwil‡`i †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i|
1974 mv‡j RvwZmsN mvaviY cwil‡` M…nxZ bqv AvšÍR©vwZK A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi GK kw³kvjx cÖe³v wn‡m‡e
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welqK nvBKwgk‡bi (BDGbGBPwmAvi) Ges 1998 mv‡j wek¦evwYR¨ ms¯’vi wmwUwW KwgwUi nvBKwgkbvi wbhy³
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BDwbU 6 c„ôv 92
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BDwbU 6 c„ôv 93
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Aw¯’iZvq fiv| ÿyav, `vwi`ª¨, hy× Ges msNv‡Z RR©wiZ wek¦ GLb AZx‡Zi †h †Kvb mg‡qi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk
wbivcËvnxb| wbi‡cÿ Ges h_vh_ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b e¨_©Zvi Kvi‡b RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZ wek¦evmxi m…wó n‡q‡Q
Av¯’vnxbZv| RvwZmsN g~jZ Av¯’v msK‡U f~M‡Q| ZvB Gi ms¯‹vi I m¤cÖmvi‡Yi `vwe DV‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni KvQ
†_‡K wek¦evmx Av‡iv †ewk `vwqZ¡kxj Ges MVbg~jK f~wgKv Avkv K‡i|
cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i Ae¨ewnZ c‡i wek¦evmx‡K hy× Ges ˆbivR¨ †_‡K gyw³i †`qvi Rb¨ 1919 mv‡j cÖwZôv n‡qwQj
jxM Ae †bkb| wKš‘ e…nr ivó«mg~‡ni Aeva¨Zv Ges mvg«vR¨ we¯Ív‡ii †bkvq wek¦ms¯’v jxM Ae †bkb Zvi
Kvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †d‡j| µgvš^‡q Zv AKvh©Ki cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nq Ges Zvi D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Íevq‡b Pigfv‡e e¨_©
nq| G Ae¯’vq 1939 mv‡j ïiæ nIqv wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i Kvi‡Y GB jxM Ae †bkb P~ovšÍfv‡e e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq
Ges †f‡½ hvq| cÖ_g wek¦h‡y ×i c‡i hy×-nvbvnvwb eÜ bv n‡q eis Av‡iv †e‡o hvq, hv wØZxq wek¦hy× msMwVZ
nevi c_ cÖk¯Í K‡i| wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i fqven aŸsmjxjvi c‡i wek¦e¨vcx hy× I AkvwšÍ `~i Kivi Rb¨ Avevi 1945
mv‡ji 24 A‡±vei cÖwZwôZ nq RvwZmsN|
wØZxq wek¦h‡y × weRqx kw³eM© hy³ivó«, ivwkqv, we«‡Ub, Pxb Ges d«vÝ GB RvwZmsN cÖwZôvi g~j D‡`¨³v|
cÖwZôvKv‡j Gi m`m¨ msL¨v wQj 51 Avi eZ©gv‡b c…w_exi cÖvq mKj ¯^vaxb †`kB Gi m`m¨ Ges Gi msL¨v 193|
Gme †`k RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i kvwšÍ, wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv Ges wek¦e¨vcx hy× weMÖn †_‡K c…w_exi
gvbyl‡K †invB †`evi cÖZ¨vkvq| wKš‘ wek¦evmxi `yf©vM¨, RvwZmsN we‡k¦ kvwšÍ Ges wbivcËv cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
kvwšÍ Ges wbivcËv cÖwZôvi Rb¨ ivó«mg~n A½xKvive× n‡q RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ n‡jI kw³kvjx ivó«mg~‡ni f~wgKv
†gv‡UB wbi‡cÿ bq| Zv‡`i nvZ †_‡K ÿy`« RvwZmg~‡ni wbivcËv, ¯^vaxbZv I mve©‡fŠgZ¡ iÿv Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q|
Gi g~j KviY n‡”Q RvwZmsN mb‡`B Zvi e¨_©Zvi exR wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Avi †mUv n‡”Q †f‡Uv ÿgZv, hvi gvwjK
n‡”Q e…nr cvuP ivó« Z_v hy³ivó«, ivwkqv, we«‡Ub, Pxb Ges d«vÝ| Giv mw¤§wjZfv‡e †KŠk‡j GB †f‡Uv ÿgZv cÖeZ©b
K‡i‡Q Ges Gi gvwjKvbv wb‡Riv wb‡q wb‡q‡Q| g~jZ GB †f‡Uv ÿgZv cÖeZ©‡bi d‡j mKj iv‡ó«i mgvbvwaKvi‡K
A¯^xKvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
RvwZmsN KL‡bvB Zv‡`i wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡iwb eis ZvivB RvwZmsN‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Q| GB cvPuwU iv‡ó«i g‡a¨ hvi
ÿgZv Ges `vcU hZ †ewk †m RvwZmsN‡K ZZ †ewk wbqš¿Y K‡i‡Q Ges wb‡Ri ¯^v‡_© e¨envi K‡i‡Q| hy³ivó«
†h‡nZy G‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ÿgZvai Ges kw³kvjx ZvB hy³ivó«B n‡q †M‡Q GB RvwZms‡Ni mvwe©K wbqš¿K|
hLbB RvwZms‡N GB e…nr cvPuwU iv‡ó«i ¯^v‡_i« weiæ‡× cÖ¯Íve G‡m‡Q ZLbB Giv wb‡R‡`i †f‡Uv ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i
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cwil‡` Gi m`m¨ msL¨v evov‡bvi K_v D‡V‡Q Ges µgk GB `vwe †Rviv‡jv n‡”Q| we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`k RvwZmsN
wbivcËv cwil‡`i m`m¨ nevi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Q| fviZ, Rvcvb, Rvg©vwb, e«vwRj cÖf…wZ †`k wbivcËv cwil‡` ¯’vqx
m`m¨ nevi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Q|

BDwbU 6 c„ôv 94
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wek¦evmx‡K hy× Ges AkvwšÍ †_‡K iÿv KivB wQj RvwZmsN cÖwZôvi g~j D‡Ïk¨| G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb MYZš¿ Ges
gvbevwaKv‡ii cÖwZ kÖ×v Ges cÖwZkÖywZi ev¯Íevqb| RvwZms‡N mb‡`i g~j K_v mKj iv‡ó«i cÖwZ mgvb `…wófw½,
mKj iv‡ó«i ¯^vaxbZv Ges mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj _vKv| †KD Ab¨ iv‡ó«i ¯^vaxbZv Ges mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i Dci
n¯Í‡ÿc Ki‡e bv| †Kvb iv‡ó«i mv‡_ Aci †Kvb iv‡ó«i we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j Zv RvwZms‡Ni gva¨‡g mgvavb n‡e Ges
RvwZms‡Ni †mB wm×v‡šÍi evB‡i †Kvb ivó« KvR Ki‡e bv|
KvM‡R-Kj‡g mevB RvwZms‡Ni g~j mb‡`i mv‡_ HK¨gZ †cvlY Ki‡j I ev¯ÍweK †cÖÿvc‡U e…nr kw³mg~n
eiveiB cvjb K‡i‡Q D‡ëv f~wgKv| wb‡R‡`i mvg«vR¨ev`x ¯^v_©‡K PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨ Ges Ac‡ii Ici AvwacZ¨
we¯Ív‡ii Rb¨ Gme e…nr kw³ memgq Mv‡qi †Rv‡i wb‡R‡`i wm×všÍ ev¯ÍevwqZ K‡i‡Q Ges wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_© memgq
RvwZmsN‡K e¨envi K‡i‡Q| Ab¨ iv‡ó«i ¯^vaxbZv Ges mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i cÖwZ m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv RvwZms‡Ni g~j mb‡`i
wb‡`©kbv n‡jI RvwZmsN‡KB cvk KvwU‡q hy³ivó« Ges weª‡Ub m¤ú~Y© Ab¨vqfv‡e kw³i †Rv‡i `Lj K‡i‡Q BivK-
AvdMvwb¯Ívb, †h `ywU ivó«B RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨| G‡ÿ‡Î RvwZmsN m¤ú~Y© Amnvq Ges e¨_©|
1948 mv‡j Kvk¥x‡ii MY‡fvU Abyôv‡bi wm×všÍ n‡qwQj RvwZms‡N Ges MY‡fv‡Ui djvd‡ji wfwˇZ Kvk¥x‡ii
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†Kv‡bv mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| GB 1948 mv‡j BmivB‡ji cÖwZôvi ci †_‡KB BmivBj Zv‡`i mvgwiK kw³e‡j
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D‡`¨v‡M wdwjw¯Í‡bi Dci cwiPvwjZ BmivBwj nZ¨v Ges wbh©vZb wb‡q A‡bK Av‡jvPbv n‡jI RvwZmsN mivmwi G
wbcxob eÜ Ki‡Z †Kv‡bv f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| RvwZms‡N G ch©šÍ hZeviB BmivB‡ji ee©iZvi weiæ‡×
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cÖwZôvi †ÿ‡Î RvwZms‡Ni f~wgKv I mÿgZv evisevi cÖ‡kœi gy‡L c‡o‡Q|

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wek¦e¨vcx MYZš¿, gvbevwaKvi, mvg¨ Ges kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi j‡ÿ¨ 1945 mv‡ji 24 A‡±vei RvwZms‡Ni cÖwZôv
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