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cwi ZvMKi , gyw hyi ci mgvRZvwK avi vq h i vxq bxwZ Nvwl Z nqwQj , mc_ `pZvi mv_ AMmi Ki Z ne| wmwcwe
gZvq Mj GB KvRj vK cvavb `e Ges Zvi cqvRb i vxq bxwZ Xj mvRve| KwgDwb cvwUgb Ki h,
mvgvRev`-j yUi vcyuwRev`-mvc`vwqKZv- GB wZb k i wei Avcvl nxb msMvg QvovRbMYi f vMi Kvbvgwj K
cwi eZb Avbvme ne bv| Avi ZvB GB gwj K cwi eZb mvabi Rb evg-MYZvwK weK avi vq MYmsMvg Mo Zzj Q
KwgDwb cvwU|
wcq `kevmx
`ywbqvAvevi e`j vZ i Ki Q| mcwZ j vwUb Avgwi Kvi AbKj v`k evgcx, mgvRZvwK evevg gbvf vevbmi Kvi
gZvq AwawZ nqQ| Bi vK _K AvR e vnZ KzKzi i gZvgvwKb mvgvRev`K j R UvZ nQ| Pxb, wf qZbvg, wKDev
BZvw` mgvRZvwK `kwj Z Av_-mvgvwRK weKvk `Z MwZZ NUQ| Avgv`i cwZekx`k f vi Zi cwge, w cyi vI
Ki vj vq wZb `kKi ewk mgq ai KwgDwb I evgcxi vwbe vPb weRq ARb Ki Zv`i kw weKwkZ Ki Q| i vRZ
DQ`i ci bcvj i KwgDwbi vGLb i v gZvq Avmxb nI qvq, m`k GK Mi evj Aavq m~wPZ nqQ| evsj v`kI
KwgDwb I evgcx`i bZZkYxmsMvg I RvZxq RvMi Y Zxenq I Vvi Dj mvebvmw nqQ|
evsj v`k `vwi `I el gewcq GK wevi vbyL Aevi De NwUqQ| `wi `gvbyl i msLveoB Pj Q| Z_vKw_Z
Dbqbi wmsnf vMRgvnqQabx`i cKU| A_P j yUi v-cyuwRev`xeevi Aaxb Ges GZvme mUi gaI hUzKzAv_-
mvgvwRK AMMwZ mvwaZ nqQ, Zvi KwZZi `vwe`vi nj kwgK-Kl K I y`-gvSvi xD`v vmn gnbZxI cevmxkgRxex
RbMY| GB eveZvcgvY Ki h, Dchy i vRbwZK kw gZvq Avmxb nj , evsj v`ki c AwPi B Amvamvab me|
ZvB Avmyb, weK i vRbwZK kw I bZZMovi msMvg Suvwcq cwo| AvMvgxRvZxq msm` wbevPb
meMvmxmU_K gyw i Rbj yUcvUZ-mvgvRev`-mvc`vwqKZvwbg~j Ki vi j evg-MYZvwK kw K Rqhy Kwi |
^vaxbZvwei vaxhyvci vax, i vRvKvi , mvc`vwqK, j yUi vI mvmx`i ci vwRZ Kwi |
evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwUGB g~j j mvgb wbq AvmbRvZxq msm` wbevPb AskMnY Ki Q| wbevPbxAxKvi wnme
wmwcwe wbgv 24 `dvKgm~wP `kevmxi mvgb D vcb Ki QGes GB Kgm~wP evevqb msm` I msm`i -evBi mevZK cqvm
Pvj vbvi `p AxKvi e Ki Q|

(1) `eg~j
K. `kevcx` I kw kvj xMYeb eevMo Zvj v| Mi xe gvbyl i Rbvqxi kwbs eevPvj yKi v| wUwmweI
weGwWwmK mwq Ki v| me bvhg~j i `vKvb Pvj y, wbZcqvRbxq wRwbmi mi Kvwi evdvi KMo Zvj v| U wi wj d
Pvj yKi v|
L. evRvi -wmwKUi Aci va P mg~j DrcvUb Ki v, gRy``vwi KVvi f ve `gb Ki v| Lv`f Rvj gkvbv, i Oeenvi
KVvi f ve `gb Ki v| Lv`wbi vcvAvBbcYqb Ki v| GB AvBb mKj i RbcywKi I wbi vc` Lvevi wbwZ Ki v| f v v
AwaKvi AvBbcYqb Ki v|
M. gy evRvi A_bxwZi ^QvPvwi ZvKVvi nvZ `gb Ki v| j yUcvUi A_bxwZ evwZj Ki ^wbf i A_bxwZ Mo Zvj vi
D`vMMnY Ki v|


9
(2) Nyl -`ybxwZ-mvm
K. mgvR I i vi DPi mn mei _K `ybxwZ DQ` KVvi eevMnY Ki v| bvqcvj eevPvj yKi v| ^vaxb
mvsweavwbK msvwnme `ybxwZ `gb Kwgkb-Gi kw I `ZvewKi v| Nyl -`ybxwZ I mvgvwRK AbvPvi i wei kw kvj x
mvgvwRK Av`vj b Mo Zvj v|
L. i vI wewf bmsvi DPc` AwawZ ew eMi Ges `ki mKj i vRbwZK `j i bZv`i m` I Avq-eqi wnmve
wbqwgZ cKvki eevKi v|
M. we`kxKvvwbi mv_ mvw`Z RvZxq ^v_wei vaxPz w i mRwoZ`i wei kvwg~j K eevMnY Ki v|
N. mKj eAvBwb ADvi , AKvi LvbvI evgvevbvbvi K`asm, A-evgvi gRy` Dvi , Aci vaxPi NuvwUI
bUI qvKwbg~j , gvwdqv-MWdv`vi `i `gb Ges Aci vaxPi `kx-we`kxA_I kw i Drmmg~n DrcvUb mevZK Awf hvb
cwi Pvj bvKi v| i vRbwZK `j mn wewf bmsMVb KZK mkKvWvi evwnbxj vj b Ki vi eevDrcvwUZ Ki v|
O. Pvi vPvj vwb, Kvj vevRvwi , wQbZvBKvi x, Puv`vevR, gv`K eemvqx, ckv`vi Aci vax-Lywb cf wZ mvgvwRK Aci vaxPK
KVvi f ve `gb Ki v| AvRvwZK gv`K I AeemvGes Gmei vMwj s i UA_evcwi enYi UvbwRUi Uwnme evsj v`ki
f ~L eenvi Ki vi AcPvKVvi f ve `gb Ki v|
P. mvmI `yevqbi wei i vxq, ckvmwbK, AvBbMZ mekw wbqvwRZ Ki vi cvkvcvwk RbMYi mwq f ~wgKvmsMwVZ
Ki ZvK GKwUmevZK RvZxq Awf hvb i c Mo Zvj v|
(3) Kgmsvb I `vwi `wegvPb
K. i vvq LvZK ` I kw kvj xKi vi RbA_bwZK bxwZ-`kbi cqvRbxq cwi eZb I gwj K msvi mvab Ges
cvkvcvwk mgevq I ew gvwj KvbvLvZ cwZhvwMZvi gvag Drcv`bkxj ZvewI bZzb Kgmsvb mw Ki vi KvhKi I A_en
c`c MnY Ki v| cwZ eQi b~bZg 10% bZzb Kgmsvbi myhvMmwi cwi Kw Z eevMnY Ki v| Kgg me gvbyl i Rb
gv^q Kgmsvb wbwZ Ki Z wbqwgZf ve `ki me mvi veQi wekl Z gvI Li vgmyg Kgmsvb wbqZvwg Pvj y
Ki v| cv eqmKj bvMwi Ki KvR cvI qvi AwaKvi K mvsweavwbK AwaKvi cwi YZ Ki v|
L. gvI Aavnvi -Abvnvi cwi wwZ gvKvej v, `vwi `cxwoZ, wbi bRbMYi RbemZwf Uv, Lv`, e, wPwKrmv-mevmn
euP _vKvi b~bZg eevwbwZ Ki vi j egyLxKvRK AMvwaKvi `qv|
M. weK gv_vMuvRvi eevQvovkni i ewevmxmn KvDK Zvi eZgvb evmvb _K DQ` wbwl Ki v| MvgxY A_bxwZi
I MvgRxebi Avg~j cybMVb I DbwZ weavb Ki Mvgi gvbyl i evcKf ve kni Awf gyLxAvMgb ceYZvgi I i va Ki v|
cybevmbi eevbvKi nKvi , wi vDQ` wbwl Ki v|
N. `wi `, Abvnvwi , eKvi , Amnvq gvbyl i Rb b~bZg mvgvwRK wbi vcvwbwZ Ki v| gvbe m`i mvweK weKvk I
Dbqbi j wkv, ^v, cwkYmn evcK Kvhg AMvwaKvi g~j Kf ve MnY Ki v| GB LvZ mgw^Z evRUei v mevwaK
Ki v| mB mGB D kbvbvai bi mvgvwRK I bvMwi K D`vMK DrmvwnZ Ki v| kni I Mvgi gamyhvM-myweavi we`gvb
el ggv^q `~i Ki vi cwqv i Ki v| mKj bvMwi Ki RbmyhvMi mgZvmw Ki v|
(4) Kwl , Kl K, ZgRyi
K. Mvg _K Xvj vI f ve D DwVq Avbvi gy evRvi A_bxwZ wb`wkZ bxwZ cwi eZb Ki Kwl I MvgxY A_bxwZZ mB
cZ I cQbDi wmsnf vMwewbqvMKi v|
L. Lv` Kl K I Mvgi gnbwZ gvbyl i ^v_Avg~j f ~wg msvi , Kwl msvi I Mvg Rxebi gwj K cybMVb Ki v| Kwl I
Kl Ki Drcv`b mgmvj vmgvavb Ki v| exR, mvi , FY, Kwl DcKi Y, chyw BZvw` Lv` Kl Ki RbmnRj f Ki v| wZKi
nvBweWexR Avg`vwb wbwl Ki v| eRvwZK Kvvwbi wbqY Kcvi Udvwgs Ki vi myhvMe Ki v| Kwl cYi Drmvng~j K I
bvhg~j cvw wbwZ Ki v| RvZxq ^v_Kwl LvZ cqvRbxq I chv mvewmwWc`vb Ki vGes Lv` Kl K KZK Zvi cvw wbwZ
Ki v|
M. Mvgvj ^wbqvwRZ Kgmsvbi myhvMmn Kwl ewnf ~Z Avw_K KgKv Ges egyLxKgmsvbi myhvMcf ~Zf ve ew
Ki v| ZgRyi `i Rbmvi veQi KvRi eevKi v| Kgmsvb wbqZvwgPvj yKi v| cRi KvR `ybxwZ, Mg Pzwi `gb
Ki v| ^ g~j i kb mi ei vni eevKi v| LvmRwgi mKj Aea e`veevwZj Ki cKZ f ~wgnxb`i gaLvmRwgi
ebmn LvmLwZqvbi Lvj , wej , Rj vf ~wg BZvw` e`vec`vb wbwZ Ki v| ZgRyi `i kwgK wnme ^xKwZ `qv|
N. Rj gnvj I f vmvb cvwbZ cKZ Rj `i gvQai vi AwaKvi wbwZ Ki v| Rj xq eevmsi YK cqvRbxq Af qvkg
Zwi I msi Y Ki v| `ki 52 Rj vf wgKw`K cwZek eevi eevcbvI Avni Y^Z`wi `I cvwK Rj `i nvZ `qv|
O. Mev`xc -cvwL cvj b KvhgK KvwZ j cuQvbvi Rbz`I cvwK Drcv`K`i mgevqwf wK Lvgvi cwZvq
mi Kvwi mnvqZvewKi v| Mevw` c -cvwLi i vMevj vB wekl Z evWdz, gvWKvDBZvw` i vMcwZi va wekl eevMnY I
exgvmyweavi eevKi v|


10
P. Kwl I Kl Ki ^v_f wg eenvi bxwZ cYqb Ki v| Lv` Kl K hb Rwg bvnvi vq, Zvi wbqZvweavbK Mvgvj
wbt^Ki Y cwqve Ki v|
5) wk , kwgK I KgPvi x
K. e Kj -Kvi LvbvPvj yKi v| evsK-exgv, wUGwU, we`yrmn i vvq LvZi cwZvb ew gvwj Kvbvq nvi e Ki v|
BZvgaew gvwj Kvbvq nvwi Z cwZvbi mekl AevmKRwi c Pvwj q kZc cKvk Ki v| Dchy cqvRbxq
eevw`mn mi Kvwi gvwj Kvbvq wdwi q Avbv| cvUwk K i vi RbKvhKi egyLxeevMnY Ki v|
L. Abyrcv`bkxj , AcqvRbxq wej vm`eI `k Drcv`b Ki Pvwn`vgUvbvhvq, Ggb me `ei Avg`vbxKVvi f ve
wbwl Ki `kxq wk i weKvk NUvbv|
M. MvgUm&wk I Abvb Kj -Kvi Lvbvq `yNUbvi va, kwgK`i Rxebi wbi vcvweavb, ^vmZ KvRi cwi ek
wbwZ, dvwi AvBb c~Yf ve KvhKi Kvi |
N. 4,500 UvKvRvZxq wbgZg gRywi wbavi Ymn gRywi Kwgkbi mycvwi kmg~ni evevqb wbwZ Ki v| Rxebhv vi eqi
EaMwZi mwgj i L gRywi wbavi Yi eevPvj yKi vGes gRywi KvVvgv2 eQi Ai Ai cybwebvmKi v| ZgRyi ,
Kwl kwgK I AmsMwVZ kgRxex`i Rb euvPvi gZvwbgZg gRywi wbwZ Ki v| mKj cKvi eZb I gRywi el g `~i Ki v|
kwgK`i 50% gnvNf vZvc`vb Ki v| kwgK`i Rbf wi qej wW.G c_vPvj yGes mvI myj f g~j vqxi kwbs-Gi eev
Ki v| kwgK QuvUvB e Ki v| PvKzwi PzZ kwgK`i eKqvcwi kva Ki vGes PvKzwi Z cybenvj Ki v|
O. BwcRWmn me AvBGj I Kbf bkb AbyhvqxkwgK, KgPvi x, ZgRyi mn kgRxexRbMYi Aeva c~YUWBDwbqb
AwaKvi mn AbvbAwaKvi wbwZ Ki v| UWBDwbqbmg~ni I ci gvwdqvMvxi wbqY, Puv`vevwR, gvvwb I Avgj vZvwKZv`~i
Ki myUWBDwbqb msMVb I Av`vj b Mo Zvj v|
P. eZgvbi AMYZvwK kg AvBb evwZj Ki kwgK`i AbyKj hyMvchvMxbqvkg AvBb cYqb Ki v| kwgK`i PvKwi i
wbi vcv, cwi c~YUWBDwbqbi AwaKvi I agNUi AwaKvi wbwZ Ki v| kg AvBb 2006-Gi wZxq Aavqi 26 avi vevwZj
Ki v| Av`vj Z mywbw` Aci va cgvwYZ bvnI qvchKvbvkwgKK ei Lvwbwl Ki v|
Q. cevmxkwgK`i ^v_i vq cqvRbxq wekl D`vMMnY Ki v| Bgvi Z wbgvY wewagvj vi cwi c~Yevevqb Ki v| wbgvY
kwgK, PvevMvbi kwgK, MnkwgK cf wZ kgRxexgvbyl i wbw` ai bi mgmvj vwbi mb Ki vGes Zv`i K b~bZg AwaKvi mg~n
c`vb I wekl AwaKvi I cqvRb cyi bi eevKi v|
R. mi Kvwi I emi Kvwi D`vMevcK wk vqbi cwi K bvI c`c MnY Ki v| A_bxwZi eZgvb Abyrcv`bkxj ,
j yUcvUi avi ve Ki Df q LvZ I Drcv`bkxj wewbqvMwbwZ Ki v|
6) A_bwZK bxwZ I eevcbv
K. evcK Kgmsvb mwi KvRK AMvwaKvi w`q mB wf wZ `ki wk , evwYR, chyw BZvw` bxwZ i PbvKi v| AvMvgx
5 eQi 1 KvwUbZzb Kgmsvbi myhvMmw Ki v|
L. FYLj vwc, Amr I j yUi vdvUKvevR eemvqx`i A_bwZK KgKv _K weZvwoZ Ki v, A_bwZK Aci vax`i wei
KVvi AvBbMZ eevMnY Ki vGes Aea Dcvq AwRZ m`i wnmve Av`vq I ZvevRqv Ki v| `ybxwZ, Avqi m
mwZnxb eq, gZvi Aceenvi I i vxq m` AvZmvr BZvw` KVvi f ve `gb Ki vGes Aci vax`i `vg~j K kvwweavbi
eevKi v| Drcv`b AbyKj mKj kw I Dcv`vb Z_vKvwqK kg, gvbwmK kg, Drcv`bkxj wewbqvMcf wZi BwZevPK Ae`vb
wbwZ Ki v| wekevRvi i Amg cwZhvwMZvi gyL RvZxq wk -Kvi Lvbvi ^v_i vq i vxqf ve mnvqZvc`vbi bxwZ Abymi Y
Ki v|
M. RvZxq A_bxwZ I `kxq wk weKvki c_ cwZeZKZvmw Ki Z cvi Ggb e`wkK mvnvhevFY MnY e Ki v|
eRvwZK msvI we`kxcyuwRi RvZxq ^v_wei vaxwbtkZI Aeva Abycek e Ki v|
N. Amg I RvZxq ^v_wei vaxPzw i wf wZ Zj -Mvmmn cvKwZK m`, we`yr cf wZ we`kxeRvwZK Kvvwbi
wbqY Zzj `qvi AcPve Ki v| emi Kvwi LvZ PMvg KUBbvi cvUwbgvY Ges mRb`ki f ~-LK Zv`i KvQ
wj R c`vbi cPvevwZj Ki v| PMvg I gvsj vmgy`e`i i AvaywbKvqb Ki vI DbZ eevcbvwbwZ Ki v|
O. Xvj vI wei vxqKi Y, wewbqY, D`vi xKi Yi AvZNvZxbxwZ cwi ZvMKi v| i vxq Kj -Kvi LvbvI cwZvbK `, DbZ I
j vf RbK Ki vi eve c`c MnY Ki v| GKB mew LvZ cKZ D`v v`i wk -eemvi c_ cwZeKZv`~i Ki vGes i v
KZK Zv`i mnvqZvc`vb Ki v| Drcv`b I mevg~j K LvZ weKvki ^v_ew , mgevq I AbvbwgkLvZK mnvqZvc`vb
Ki v| wk i j vMmB chyw eenvi Ki v| UKmB Dbqb Kkj wbavi Y Ki v| Z_-chyw , evqvUKbvj wRmn AvaywbK DbZ
chyw i h_vh_ eenvi Ki vGes RvZxqf ve Gmei eenvi i wf w Mo Zvj v| cevmx`i AwRZ Avq-DcvRbK `k wewbqvM
Ki vi RbcYv`bvg~j K eevMnY Ki v|


11
P. cevwl Kxcwi K bvi avi vq RvZxq A_bxwZi cwi Kw Z weKvk wbwZ Ki v| RvZxq A_bxwZi weKvki `xNgqv`x
cwi K bvcYqb Ki Zvi wf wZ AMmi nI qvi mmAvwj K I vbxq wf wK cwi K bvKi wbP _K Dbqb Kvhgi
avi vGwMq bqvi eevKi v| mKj chvqi cwi Kw Z Dbqb I mevg~j K Kvhgi B cwi K bvcYqb, m` msMn I
evevqb cwqvq mswk Gj vKvi RbMYi , wekl Z mswk Drcv`K, Kgx`i cZ AskMnY wbwZ Ki v| myl g Dbqb wbwZ
Ki vi ^v_AbMmi Gj vKvGes cwZex, Avw`evmx, `wj Z I cvwK RbMvxi Rbwekl Avw_K ei v i vLv|
Q. ZZxq weki Dbqbkxj `ki AbyKj wekevwYReevXj mvRvbvGes cKZ mgZvi wf wZ bqvwekA_bwZK
eevcwZvi Rbmg^v_mbDbqbkxj `kj vi mHKef ve msMvg Ki v| wekl Ki mvKf y `kj vi HKI
msnwZ Rvi `vi Ki vi Rb mP _vKv| WweDwUI , GwWwe, AvBGgGd Ges wekevsKi Abvq kZvej xcZvLvb Ki vGes
kZvej xRvZxq ^v_I weki `wi ``kj vi AbyKj cwi eZb Ki vi Rbme i Kg cqvmPvj vbv| MYZvwK wekvqbi AvI Zvq
kgi Aeva Pj vPj i `vweZ wekevcxh msMvg Pj QZvi mGKvZnI qv|
R. mvgwi K LvZ I gv_vf vi xckvmbmn mKj Abyrcv`bkxj LvZ eq ei v hyw mZ cwi gvY nvmKi v| RvZxqf ve
`Zvi mDrcvw`Z nQevDrcv`b Ki vme G ai bi cYAvg`vwb wbqY Ki v| `ki evcK msLvMwi gvbyl i Rb
GKvf ve cqvRbxq bq, Ggb cYi I wej vm`ei Avg`vwb wbqY Ki v| f vMev`xc eYZvi va I wgZeqxZvi avi vq RvZxq
weKvki Av`vj b mw Ges wekl AvBbMZ I ckvmwbK eevMnY Ki Af i xY mq ewi eevKi v| i vi DPc`
AwawZ ew eMi I `ki mKj i vRbwZK `j i bZv`i m` I Avq-eqi wnmve wbqwgZ cKvki eevKi v|
S. RvZxq Dbqb evRUi eq ei v i gvUv`vMGK-ZZxqvsk AeKvVvgvMZ Dbqbi Rb, GK-ZZxqvsk wkv-
^vmn mvgvwRK Kvhgi RbGes GK-ZZxqvsk Drcv`bkxj mi vmwi wewbqvMi Rbwbw` i vLv|
T. `ki weevb`i RbKi eqvZ c`vb e Ki Zv`i Dci cZ Ki i nvi ewI Zvwbw`Avq wbwZ Ki v|
evRUmvavi Y RbMYi I ci Avi vwcZ ci v Ki i AbycvZ nvmKi v|
U. e`wkK mvnvhcy GbwRI j vi mvweK KgKv Ges Zv`i Avq-eq, my`i nvi BZvw`i ^QZvI Revew`wnZv
wbwZ Ki vGes mi Kvi I mevMnxZv`i KvQGbwRI cwi Pvj Kgj xi Revew`wnZvGes Zv`i KgKvi I ci MYZvwK
wbqYi KvhKi eevKi v|
(7) msweavb, i vxq eevI i vRbxwZ
K. gyw hyi PZbvI g~j eva cybtcwZvKi v| msweavbi 2q, 4_, 5g, 7g I 8g mskvabxevwZj Ki i vxq g~j bxwZ
wnme MYZ, agwbi cZv, RvZxqZvev` I mgvRZmn 72-Gi msweavbi g~j wf wmg~n cybtcwZvKi v|
L. evsj v`ki AwaevmxevOvwj I AbvbRvwZmvi ^Kxq weKvkK GKvavi cMwZkxj evOvwj RvZxqZvev`i PZbvi
cmvi `pg~j Ki vGes GKB mv_ AbvbRvwZmvi AwZI AwaKvi i mvsweavwbK ^xKwZ I weKvki AwaKvi i vKi v|
M. Ab, e, wkv, wPwKrmv, evmvb I KgmsvbK RbMYi gwj K bvMwi K AwaKvi wnme MYKi vGes Zvchvqg
wbwZ Ki Z mvsweavwbK evaevaKZvi weavb ceZb wbwZ Ki vmn Abvbeve eevMnY Ki v|
N. ew ^vaxbZv, evK&^vaxbZv, msev`c i ^vaxbZv, wPvI gZ cKvki ^vaxbZv, weeKi ^vaxbZv, msMVb Ki vi
^vaxbZv, agNUKi vi ^vaxbZv, mgvek wgwQj I wevf c`kbi ^vaxbZvwbwZ Ki v| wekl gZvAvBb, mvm`gb AvBb,
evsj v`k ` wewai 505 (K) avi v, dR`vwi Kvhwewai 99 (K) avi v, cavbgxi kvj wmwKDwi wUdvmAv, cmAv
cvewj Kk AwWbv, 1974 mvj i mi Kvwi KgPvi xAemi wewai 9 (2) avi v, Rbwbi vcvAvBb, wbi vcvI wbeZbg~j K AvUK
AvBb, cmG cvewj Kkb Av, Pj wP msm` i wRkb Av, mvm`gb AvBb, wewf bai bi mi wkc, agNUwbwl Ki Y
AvBbmn gwj K AwaKvi LeKvi xmKj wbeZbg~j K Kvj v-Kvbyb evwZj Ki v| i vRbxwZZ I ckvmb mvgwi K Mvq`vwef vMi n
c I Zrci Zve Ki v| MYZvwK Av`vj bi wei `gbbxwZ e Ki v| MYc Pvi gvagmg~ni I ci RbMYi KvhKi
MYZvwK wbqY cwZvKi vGes eZvi -wUwf K ^vqkvwmZ cwZvb cwi YZ Ki v|
O. ag, eY, bvi x, cyi l wbwekl mKj bvMwi Ki mgvb AwaKvi wbwZ Ki vGes el gg~j K mKj wewa wej vc Ki v|
P. wekl UvBeybvj MVb Ki Mvj vg Avhgmn mKj hyvci vaxi wePvi Ki vGes kvwc`vb Ki v| ^^agcvj bi ^vaxbZv
wbwZ Ki | agK i vRbwZK ^v_eenvi I mvc`vwqK i vRbwZK cPvi Yvwbwl Ki v| agxq cwZvb `j xq KvR-KgI
i vRbwZK cPvi wbwl Ki v| agK i v_K c_K Ki v|
Q. mvgwi K Kz-`Zvi gvag Aea gZv`Lj I l ohi gvag gZv`Lj i cPvK `k`vwnZvej MYKi vGes
Gi RbmvsweavwbKf ve kvwi weavb Ki v|
R. i vxq KvhKj vci mKj Z_RbMYi AeMZ nevi AwaKvi wbwZ Ki v|
S. RvZxq msm` _K i Ki mKj i i wbevPbK A_, cwkkw , mvc`vwqKZv, gZvmxb mi Kvi I ckvmbi bvbv
Kvi mvwR _K gy Ki v| hyvci vaxI Lj vwcFY MnxZv`i RvZxq msm` wbevPbmn h KvbvwbevPb cv_xnI qvi AhvM
Nvl YvKi v| RvZxq msm`i Avmb wbevPbi eZgvb eqmxgv15 j vL UvKvK Kwgq 3 j vL UvKvKi v| f wel Z mKj


12
cwZxcv_xi cPvi YvKvR mi Kvwi A_I eevcbvq cwi Pvj bvKi v| msLvbycvwZK cwZwbwaZeevPvj ymn wmwcwei 53 `dv
mycvwi ki wf wZ wbevPb eevi Avg~j msvi Ki v|
T. wePvi wef vMK ckvmb _K c_K Ki vI wePvi wef vMi c~Y^vaxbZvwbwZ Ki vi j c`c `pf ve evevqb Ki v
Ges G AvBb I wewa-weavbi duvK-duvKi j ve Ki v| AvBbi kvmb cwZvKi v| ^ Li P `Z wePvi wbwi eev
Ki v| MYZvwK `wKvY I kgRxexgvbyl i ^v_i `wKvY _K wmAvi wcwmGes wewcwmi MYZvwK msvi mvab Ki v| AvaywbK
gvbweK `wKvY _K Kvi vmsvi mvab Ki v| i vRbwZK ew``i wmwKDwi wUwcRbvmvUvm`qv|
U. mKj i vRbwZK nZvKvi wePvi Ki v|
V. DcwbewkK hyMi cwZi veevi cwi eZ^vaxb `ki DchvMxMYZvwK cwZi veevMo Zvj v| `k i vi
AbZg cavb wf w wnme mKj mg hyeK-hyeZxK mvgwi K cwkY c`vbi eevmn hyMvchvMxcwZi vbxwZ cYqb Ki v|
`ki cwZi vbxwZ cYqbi KvR Ges mkevwnbxi mKj Kvhg RvZxq msm`i KvQ`vqei vLvi eevKi v|
W. RbMYi KvQRbcwZwbwa`i Revew`wnZvwbwZK f vUvi KZK h Kvb mgq wbevwPZ cwZwbwa cZvnvi Ki vi Ges
cybwbevPbi AwaKvi I eevceZb Ki v|
(8) gZvi MYZvwK weK`xKi Y
K. i vxq eevi KvVvgvI i vhi ckvmwbK KvVvgvK (1) Dchy MYZvwK weK`xKi Y (2) ^QZv(3) Revew`wnZv
(4) RbMYi KvhKi wbqYi bxwZi wf wZ gwj Kf ve Xj mvRvbv| wewUk DcwbewkK Avgj cewZZ ckvmb eevi Avg~j
cwi eZb mvab Ki v|

L. ^kvwmZ, gZvkvj x, Avw_K mgZvmn cwi c~YKZZc~YGes vbxq RbMYi KvQ`vqevbxq mi Kvi eevi ceZb
Ki v| GB j RvZxq msm` m`m`i cwi eZwbevwPZ vbxq ^kvwmZ msvi nvZ ^^i i ckvmwbK I Dbqb KgKvi
wbqY I Z`vi wKi `vwqZAcb Ki v| RvZxq msm`i Dci i vi AvBb cYqb I K`xq i vh i Z`vi wKi KvR bKi v|
M. Dbqb cwqvq vbxq RbcwZwbwa`i KvhKi AskMnY wbwZ Ki v| wbevwPZ vbxq ^kvwmZ msvK Dbqb, AvBb-
kLj v, ckvmb, vbxq Dbqg~j K KvRKgmn wewf bKvRKgcwi Pvj bvi Avw_K gZvc`vb Ki v| Gme vbxq msvi Rbi vxq
evRUi GKwUwbw` Ask mswewaef ve ei v i vLvi weavb Ki v| Av`vj Zi wb`k QvovGB mKj msvK aygv ckvmwbK
wb`k evwZj Ki vi myhvMmvsweavwbK weavbi gvag i wnZ Ki v| GB bZzb eevi wf wZ BDwbqb cwi l `, DcRj vcwi l `,
Rj vcwi l `mn mKj chvqi vbxq mi Kvi i wbevPb AbywZ Ki v|
N. vbxq mi Kvi i mKj i I KvVvgvZ chvqg GK-ZZxqvsk bvi xcwZwbwa wbwZ Ki v|
(9) wkvI mswZ
K. mveRbxb, wevbwf wK, el gnxb, GKB avi vi MYgyLxwkveevPvj yKi v| wkv el g`~i Ki v| chvqg
`kg kYxchAwf bmvavi Y wkvevaZvg~j K I AeZwbK Ki vGes Zvi cvkvcvwk ewg~j K wkv, cvqvwMK wkvAbvbyvwbK
wkv-cwkY Kvhg mveRbxb Ki v| wbi i Zv`~i Ki vi Rb GKwU5 eQi i vk cvMvg wbq evcK RvZxq Awf hvb
cwi Pvj bvmn evcK MYwkvKvhg MnY Ki v| 3 eQi i gacwZ 2 eMwKj vwgUvi GKwUcv_wgK we`vj q Ges 8 eQi i ga
GKwUgvawgK we`vj q cwZvKi v| cv_wgK wkv, ewg~j K wkvI MYwkvKvhgK cvavbw`q GKB mDPwkvi
h_vh_ cmvi I DbwZ mvab Ki v| DPwkvchvq `wi `gavexwkv_x`i Rbew I wkvFY cK Pvj yKi v| wkvcwZvbi
^vqkvmb wbwZ Ki v|
L. chvqg wkveevRvZxqKi Y Ki vi D`vMbqv| BDbvi mycvwi k Abyhvqxwkv chvqg RvZxq Avqi
8% ei v `qv|
M. mKj RvwZmvi Rbcv_wgK i ^^gvZf vl vq wkvMnYi eevKi v|
N. wkK`i Rb Dchy mvgvwRK ghv`v, chv eZb-f vZvwbwZ Ki vI Zv`i Abvb bvh `vwemg~n c~i Y Ki v|
wkK`i ckvMZ KvR `vqeZvI `ZvewwbwZ Ki v| wkK-wkv_xAbycvZ cv_wgK i 1 t 40 Ges gvawgK i 1 t
25 wbwZ Ki v|
O. RbMYi myz, gvbweK, cMwZkxj mvswZK avi vAMmi Ki vGes RxebwegyL, f vMev`x, Akxj , Kzi wPc~YAcmswZi
cmvi i va Ki v| mvc`vwqK, cwZwqvkxj , Kymsvi g~j K avb-avi Yv`~i Ki vi D`vMMnY Ki v| wevbgbZv, wevb PPv,
eywew cf wZi weKvk NUvbv| RbMYi mKj mRbkxj D`vMK DrmvwnZ Ki v, ccvl KZvc`vb Ki vI Dchy f ve KvR
j vMvbv|
P. mvgvwRK-mvswZK cv`c`Zv`~i Ki vi j mywbw` c`c MnY Ki v| RbMYi ga `kcg, MYZvwK
PZbveva, Abvq-AwePvi -kvl Yi wei msMvgi ci Yv, gvbeZveva I cMwZkxj avb-avi YvRvMwi Z I cmvwi Z Ki vi Rb
avi vevwnK cPvMnY Ki v|


13
(10) ^vI wPwKrmv
K. mKj bvMwi Ki Rbmyl g I Awf bMYgyLxwPwKrmvbxwZ, ^vbxwZ I I l ya bxwZ Pvj yKi v|
L. cwZwUBDwbqb gvZm`b, wk ^vmyi vK`I MY^vcwi PhvK`i myweavw`mn cv_wgK ^vcwi Phvwf wK ^v
AeKvVvgvMo Zvj v| nvmcvZvj j vZ DbZ wPwKrmvi eevcmvwi Z Ki vGes mLvb kgRxexI gnbwZ gvbyl i Rb
wPwKrmvi myhvMewKi v|
M. `ki mKj gvbyl i RbAvmwbK I Rxevbygy cvbxq Rj i eevKi v| we cvbxq Rj mi ei vn, mvwbUkb, i vM-
cwZl aK eevi mcmvi Y Ki v|
N. wewf b`kR wPwKrmvcwZi AvaywbKvqbi Rbi ZAvi vc Ki v| nvwgI cvw_, evqvKvwg, Avqye`xq, nwKgxI
AbvbyvwbK wPwKrmveevi Dbqb Ki v|
(11) wk -wKkvi , hye mgvR I e-`ytbvMwi Ke`
K. wk -wKkvi mn `ki bZzb cRbi ^v_i vI Zv`i egyLxcwZf vweKvki myhvMI mRbkxj AvKvvmg~n c~i Yi
eevKi v| wk `i mwkxj webv`bi RbDchy mvgvwRK cwi ek I KvVvgvMo Zvj v| kni i cvK, Lj vi gvVcybi vi
Ki msi Y Ki v| mi Kvi I ew gvwj Kvbvaxb AvevwmK Gj vKvMo Zvj vi mKj Gj vKvq hb wk `i Lj vi gvV_vK,
mevcvi eevbqv| wk kg e Ki vi j KvhKi eevMo Zvj v| wk wbhvZb cwZi va ^vaxb Kwgkb MVb Ki v|
msKxY^v_mwnsmi vRbwZK KgKv wk `i m Ki vKVvi f ve i va Ki v| wk `i msMVbj vK kw kvj xKi vi Rb
mi Kvwi D`vMbqv| mgvRi ewZ wk `i KI Gme msMVb m Ki v| ewZ wk `i Rbewg~j K I Kvwi Mi xwkv
c`vbi Rbwekl D`vMbqv| RvwZmsNwk AwaKvi mb` evevqb Ki v|
L. `ki hye mgvRK eKvi Zi Awf kvc, f wel r mKAwbqZvi hYv, nZvkvMZvi gyL gv`Kvkw , DQLj Zv,
mvm, bwZKZv-nxbZvi Mvm_K gy Ki v| `k MVb hye mgvRi mwkxj cwZf vI kw K KvR j vMvbvi myhvMKi `qv|
M. `ki Mvg I kni i Amnvq ebvMwi K`i Rbcbkb, eqf vZv, Avevmb K`, mwbUvwi qvg myweavBZvw`i
eevKi v| c_wk mn Awf f veKnxb `ytgvbyl i Rbi vw Kvj xb wbevmvcbmn Avkq K`cwZvI Rxeb avi Yi myhvMKi
`qvi myweav_Z_K`vcbi eevKi v|
(12) bvi xmgvR
K. bvi xmgvRi I ci cwi Pvwj Z bvbvAbvq-AZvPvi I el g `~i Ki mvgvwRK, A_bwZK, i vRbwZK cwi gj mn
me bvi x`i mgvb AskMnY, mgghv`vI AwaKvi cwZvKi v|
L. 1948 mvj RvwZmsNNvwl Z gvbevwaKvi mb`, 1979 mvj Nvwl Z bvi xi cwZ mKj cKvi el gwej vc mb` Z_v
wmWI mb`(Kvbvi Kg msi Y QvovB), 1993 mvj Nvwl Z wf qbvmj b Ges 1995 mvj wekbvi xmj b Nvwl Z
eBwRs Kgm~wP c~Yf ve evevqb Ki v| hZzK c_v, al Y, GwmWwbc, Acni Ymn mKj cKvi bvi xwbhvZb KvhKi f ve i va
Ki v| bvi xI wk cvPvi i va Ki Z KvhKi eevMnY Ki v| Kbvwk `i AwaKvi I ^v_i vi egyLxc`c MnY Ki v|
cvwi evwi K wbhvZb cwZi va AvBbcYqb Ki v| wwgbvj cwmwWDi KvWGes Avwf W Av-G bvi xi cwZ el gg~j K
avi vmg~n kbv I `~i Ki v| Awf f veK I cvl AvBb 1890mskvab Ki Awf f veK I cvl MnYi weavb mgZvAvbv|
BKzqvj Aci PzwbwUAvcYqb Ki v| Gme QvovI eZgvb cPwj Z AvBb hme wcZZvwK weavb i qQZvi Aemvb NUvbv|
we`gvb cvwi evwi K AvBb I Di vwaKvi AvBbi h el gwei vR Ki QZv`~i Ki vGes BDwbdgdvwgwj KvWPvj yKi v|
msweavbi 27, 28 I 29 avi vi c~Yevevqb wbwZ Ki v| 2008 mvj Nvwl Z bvi xDbqb bxwZgvj vK Avi vweKwkZ Ki vGes
Zvi cwi c~Yevevqbi eevKi v|
M. Kgj wk cwi PhvK`vcb Ki v| wbi vc` gvZZwbwZ Ki v| KgRxexbvi x`i Rb3 gvmmeZb cm~wZKvj xb QywU
c`vbi eevKi v| cv_wgK c Rbb ^vwkvi eevKi v|
N. msm` bvi x`i Rbmsi wZ Avmb msLvewKi GK-ZZxqvsk Ki vI cZ wbevPbi eevKi v| Rvi wel qK
msm`xq Kwgkb MVb Ki v| gwnj vwel qK gYvj q GKRb c~YgxwbqvM`qv|
O. bvi xi mvgvwRK wbi vcvwbwZ Ki v| agv dZvqvevR I cf vekvj x`i `i vZ_K bvi x`i i vKi v| dZvqvK
AvBbMZf ve wbwl Ki 2001 mvj nvBKvUc` HwZnvwmK i vqK KvhKi Ki v| MvgUm&, i vBmwgj I PvZvj , BUi f vUv
cf wZmn wewf bQvU-eo mKj wk Kgi Z bvi x`i b~bZg gRywi c`vb, KvRi DchvMxcwi ek wbwZ Ki v, Avevmb I
hvZvqvZ myweavc`vb, hb nqi vwb _K i v, QywUi eevi vLvGes wewf b`vwe Av`vqi j mgeZ nevi AwaKvi c`vbi
eevMnY Ki v|
P. cwi evi I Mnvj xKvR bvi xi kgi Dchy ghv`vI mvgvwRK ^xKwZ wbwZ Ki v| bvi xI cyi l i gaKvR I gRywi i
mgZvcwZvKi v|


14
Q. bvi xi cwZ AegvbbvKi , bwZevPK `wf wi mKj Abyl ev` w`q hyMvchvMxwkvKvh g Pvj yKi v| bvi xi cwZ
bwZevPK, Mreuvav, AegvbbvKi , mbvZbx`wf wi wei MYgvagi mwVK f ~wgKv, cPvi wbwZ Ki vi j mKj cPvi gvagi
RbRvi mse`bkxj bxwZgvj vcYqb I Zvevevqb Ki v| i vvNvUD Ki Y evCf wUwRs cwZi vai j kvwg~j K
eevMnYi weavb i L AvBb ceZb Ki v|
R. cvwK bvi x, myweavewZ bvi x`i g~j avi vq hy Ki vi RbKvhKi eevMnY Ki v| Kw_Z cwZZv`i Kgmsvbi
gvag cybevwmZ Ki v|
(13) agxq msLvj Ny
K. mKj i vxq I mvgvwRK agxq msLvj Ny`i Rb mgvb ghv`vI cwi c~Ywbi vcvwbwZ Ki v| agxq msLvj Ny
mc`vqi gvbyl i I ci AZvPvi , Drcxob, el g, nqi vwb e Ki v| G Rbi vxqf ve agxq msLvj Ny(AwaKvi i v) Kwgkb
MVb Ki v|
L. KzLvZ k (AwcZ) mw AvBb evwZj Ki vGes mskvabxKi cYxZ AwcZ mw cZcY AvBb 2001-Gi
AvcwKi weavb mskvab Ki KvhKi Ki v| mwi I ci Askx`vi `i AwaKvi wbwZ Ki vGes GB AvBb `Z evevqb Ki
ewZ`i mw wdwi q `qv|
M. mgvRi me _K mKj ai bi mvc`vwqKZvwbg~j Ki v|
(14) msLvj NyRvwZmvI Avw`evmxmgvR
K. msLvj NyRvwZmvj vi ^KxqZvi c~YvmvsweavwbK ^xKwZ c`vb Ki v| RvwZmsNAvw`evmxAwaKvi wel qK Nvl Yvc
^vi c`vb Ges mB Abymvi `p eevMnY Ki v|
L. evsj v`ki z`RvwZmvmg~ni f vl v, mswZ, Kw, AvBb, c_vGes vb eevi wel qK AvBbi gvag msi Y I
weKvki cqvRbxq eevMnY Ki v| msLvj NyRvwZmvj vi gvZf vl vmsi Y I weKvki Rbi vxqf ve D`vMMnY Ki v|
mKj RvwZmvi wk `i cv_wgK wkvi evsj vf vl vi cvkvcvwk gvZf vl vwkv`qvi Ges mvswZK I KwMZ HwZn, ^vZ
i vi eevwbwZ Ki v|
M. mKj msLvj NyRvwZmvi ^v_i v, AwaKvi wbwZ Ki v, A_bwZK I Dbqb mnvqZvc`vb Ges weKvki RbG mKj
RvwZmvi gvbyl `i cwZwbwaZm^wj Z c_K ckvmwbK wef vMI Avw`evmxKwgkb cwZvKi v| wkv, PvKzwi mn wewf b Zv`i
Rbwekl KvUvi eevi vLv|
N. 1997 mvj ^vwi Z cveZ Pzw i c~Yevevqb wbwZ Ki v| cveZ PMvgi Rb MwVZ f ~wg KwgkbmwVKf ve
KvhKi Ki vi gvag cveZPMvgi Avw`evmx`i evwf UvI f ~wgi AwaKvi wdwi q `qv|
O. RvwZMZ msLvj NyI Avw`evmxmvgvR Aa~wl Z Gj vKvmg~ n f ~wg I cvYewP -RxeewP webvkKvi xmKj ai bi
Zrci ZvAwej ^e Ki v| Avw`evmx`i HwZnMZ f ~wg AwaKvi i ^xKwZ I ebi I ci Avw`evmx`i AwaKvi I Askx`vwi Z
wbwZ Ki Z f ~wg Kwgkb MVb Ki v| BKvcvK, chUb K`BZvw` Mo Zvj vi mgq Avw`evmx`i I ci wbcxob, Avw`evmx`i
Rxeb-RxweKvK wecbKi Y, evPzZKi Y BZvw` e Ki v| msLvj NyRvwZmvi RbMYi AwZ, cwi ek, cKwZ I RxweKvK wecb
Ki Ggb ai bi Z_vKw_Z DbqbcK evevqb e Ki v| h KvbvcK MnY I evevqbi AvMvbxq gvbyl `i m
gZwewbgq Ges AskMnY wbwZ Ki v|
P. Avj dWmi b, cxi b vb, mZevb nvRs, Pj k wi wQj nZvKvmn Avw`evmx`i I ci nZv, AZvPvi , Drcxobi
NUbvi wePvi Ki v| mgZj f ~wgi muvI Zvj , Mvi v, nvRs, I ui vI mn mKj msLvj NyRbMvxi f ~wgi AwaKvi wbwZ Ki Z GKwUf ~wg
KwgkbMVb Ki vI mswk Gj vKvi LvmRwg eb Zv`i K AMvwaKvi `qv| G wel q 1950 mvj i f wg^AvBbi h_vh_
evevqb wbwZ Ki v|
Q. wekwe`vj qj vZ msLvj NyRvwZmvmg~ni wkv, mswZi I ci Mel Yvi Rbc_K Mel Yvmj Lvj v|
R. `wj Z RbMvxi cwZ we`gvb mKj el gI AkZv`~i Ki v| AkZvK kvwhvMAci va wnme MYKi v|
`wj Z RbMvxi Av_-mvgvwRK AevDbqbi j GKwUKwgkb MVb Ki v| beMwVZ RvZxq gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb `wj Z
RbMvxi RbGKUvwekl mj MVb Ki v|
(15) kni i ewevmxI bMi vqb
K. Dchy cybevmb QvovewDQ` e Ki v| `wi `wbgwe`i RbMnwbgvY FY cK Pvj yKi v| ewevmxi Rbci
Rxebi b~bZg myhvM-myweavi eevKi v| kni i LvmRwg Dvi Ki mLvb mi Kvwi f ve Kj vwb, Wi wgUwi BZvw` wbgvY Ki
ZvMi xe kgRxexgvbyl i gaI ewevmx`i KvQemevmi Rbei v `qv| ev nxb I wbgwe `wi `mKj cwi evi i Rb3
eQi i gab~bZg evmvbi eevKi v|
L. `Z NbemwZc~Ynq Mo I Vvkni j vZ ci mevKvhg I AvaywbK myhvM-myweavewKi v| kni Zwj i DbwZ mvab
Ges ` KwgDwbwUs mvwf mI hvMvhvMeevMo Zvj v|


15
M. kni j vZ hvbRU, Rj veZv`~i Ki vi Rb^ gqv`xRi wi KvheevMnY Ges gagqv`xI `xNgqv`xcwi K bv
evevqb Ki v|
N. f wg Rvwbs Ki vGes f wg-eevcbvi ^QZvI `ZvwbwZ Ki Z mKj i vqxj vK wbqvMKi v| wmGj I cwZ
ceZbi gvag gvwj KvbvI nvi cwqvi RwUj Zvwbi mb Ki v|
(16) cwZexRbMY
K. RvZxq cwZexbxwZgvj vevevqb Ges mgvRi me kvi xwi K, keY, evK&, `w I wj cwZex`i AwaKvi I
myhvM-myweavwbwZ Ki v| Zv`i mvgvwRK ghv`vI A_bwZK wbi vcvweavbi Rb Awej ^cqvRbxq AvBb cYqb Ki v|
2006 mvj AbywZ RvwZmsNKbf bkbi cwZexRbMYi AwaKvi wel qK wmvevevqb Ki v|
L. PvKzwi Z wbqvMi cwZex`i RbKvUvwbavi Y, wewmGmci xvq AskMnYi myhvMwbwZ Ki v| mKj mi Kvwi ,
ew gvwj Kvbvaxb cwZvb I cwi enY eevK cwZexAbyKj Ki wbgvY wbwZ Ki v|
M. gvbwmK I kvi xwi K cwZexwk -wKkvi `i RbcqvRbxq wkveevMo Zvj v|
N. `vwi `wbi mb, RvZxq Dbqb cwqv, vbxq I K`xq kvmb KvVvgvmn i vI mgvR Rxebi mKj cwZex
cwZwbwa`i m Ki v|
O. `w cwZexmn cwZex`i RbwbevPb f vUc`vbi mnvqK cwi ek I wekl eevw` wbwZ Ki v|
(17) Z_-chyw
K. evsj v`k Z_-chyw h Acvi mvebvi vi DvwPZ nqQ, mB mvebvi menvi Ki Z Z_-chyw i
we`gvb el g`~i Ki v| Z_-chyw MZ myweavmKj B hb mgvbf ve cvq, ZvwbwZ Ki v|
L. Mvg-Mvgvi wbgwe RbMYi gaZ_-chyw myweavQwoq `qvi RbGKwURvZxq gnvcwi K bvMnY Ki v| bZzb
cRi gamvq KwDUvi mi ei vni gvag KwDUvi ^vi ZvMvgi cv_wgK we`vj q chcuQ`qvi eevKi v|
M. wekevcxZ_-cevni gnvmoKi mevsj v`kK hy& Ki mKj i RbZ_-cvwi Aeva MYZvwK AwaKvi wbwZ
Ki v| mvgvRev` wbqwZ mvBevi gbvcwj i wei KvhKi eevMnY Ki v|
N. ^QZvI Revew`wnZv, mykvmb cwZv, `eg~j wbqY BZvw` wewf b Z_-chyw i mRbkxj eenvi cmvwi Z Ki Z
B-Mf i bPvj yKi v|
(18) cKwZ, cwi ek I Rj evqy
K. Ri wi wf wZ `ki AvmwbK mgmvgvKvej vKi vi RbmevZK D`vMMnY Ki v| cvwb, gvwUI evqy`~l Yi mv_
RwoZ mKj ew , wk -cwZvb, Kj -Kvi Lvbvi wei AvBbMZ eevMnY Ki v| Kj -Kvi Lvbvi eRb`xwKsevRj vkq dj v
wbwl I `bxq Ki v| wk Kvi Lvbvq eRcwi kvab cvUj vMvbvevaZvg~j K Ki v| b`x-Lvj -wej -j K-Rj avi Rei `Lj Kvi x,
eb DRvoKvi x, eb `Lj Kvi x`i wei KVvi AvBbMZ eev, eb wef vMi `ybxwZevR KgKZvI cwi ek asmKvi xeemvqx`i
wei KVvi eevMnY Ki v| cwj w_b evMDrcv`b wbwl Ki v| cvUI AbvbcvKwZK Auvk w`q Zwi evMi eenvi ewi
D`vMbqv|
L. cveZ PMvgi KvvB j Ki Pvi cvk euva DuPzKi bZzbf ve Rj we`yr cK evevqbi bvg cwi eki wechq
NUvbvi D`vMe, Dbqbi bvg eb asmKvi xZrci Zvwbwl Ki v, cvnvo KvUvI asmmvab e Ki v| weki eng gvbMvf
ebvj my`i ebmn ebvj msi Y KvhKi eevMnY| enxb ebvj i cybevmb Ki v| mvgvwRK ebvqb Kgm~wPK Rvi `vi
Ki v| wZKi we`kxMvQwbab Ki v| cvnvo, eb, b`xI Rj vkq wj R c`vbi gZvevwZj Ki v|
M. eywoMv, kxZj vI KYdzj xmn `ki mKj b`-b`xGes Rj vavi i cvo I ga_K Aea vcbvmn Aea `Lj
Awej ^DQ` Ki v| wKq hvI qvAZ i Zc~YwKQyb`xcybi xweZ Ki vi D`vMMnY Ki v| `wY-cwgvj mn `ki
wewf bAj i Rj veZvwbi mb eevMnY Ki v| kni i cvK, Lj vi gvV, Lvj , cyKzi I kni i Dby vbj vmsi Y Ges
nvwi q hvI qvcvK, cyKzi , Lvj I Dby vbj vcybi vi Ki v|
N. RvnvR f vvwk i vi vmgy`I DcK~j i cwi ek `~l Y e eevMnY Ki v| wPswo Pvl i Gj vKvmg~ni cwi ek-
eevK cybi vi I i vKi vGes cwi ek AbyKj eevq cwi Kw Z wPswo Pvl i RbAwej ^cqvRbxq eevbqv|
O. XvKvmn mvi v`k cwi ekMZ I ^vmgmvi DbwZi RbUz -vK BwbPvwj Z ewe Uvw wbwl Ki mj vcvKwZK
Mvmvi vPvj vbvi DchvMxKi Z cqvRbxq bxwZ cYqb I mnvqZvc`vb Ki v| GQvovI cwi ek `~l Y KgvZ mKj ai bi
hvbevnb KvUvj wUK Kbf vUvi eenvi i eevKi v| mxmvwenxb Rvj vwb Zj i eenvi wbwZ Ki vi RbBvbwi dvBbvwi i
chyw I hcvwZi Dbqb cqvRbxq A_ei v Ki v| BUf vUvI Mnvj xZ cavb Rvj vwb wnme Rvj vwb Mvmeenvi i eevmw
Ki v|


16
P. bMi xi gawk cwZvb Moevi cwi ekMZ AvBb-Kvbyb KovKwof ve gb Pj v| wk eRI cqteRwbtmi Y
KVvi f ve e Ki vi D`vMMnY Ki v| `~l Y wbqY Mxb Uv Avi vc Ki v| gwWKj eReevcbvi Rbcwi ek mZ, ^
eqmva, mnR ci xexY DchvMxcwZ MnY Ki v| 100 f vMmvwbUvwi ev^vmZ cvqLvbveenvi wbwZ Ki v|
Q. wZKi KxUbvkK mKRbMYK mPZb Ki vGes DbZ wekwbwl KxUbvkK hvZ `k evRvi RvZ nZ bvcvi
Zvi eevKi v| mgw^Z evj vB eevcbv(I PM) I mgw^Z Dw` cyw eevcbv(I PNS) KvhKi Ki v| Re mvi eenvi
Kl K`i DrmvwnZ Ki v| Kwl Z mPeevmnRj f Ki v| GB j f -Dcwi wZ cvwbi eenvi eb evovbv| cqvRbxq
Af vqkg Zwi I msi Y Ki v| wej ycvq cRvwZj vwPwZ Ki mj vmsi Yi Rbc`c MnY Ki v|
R. Rj evqycwi eZb gvKvej vq Kve b MvnK 3 Dcv`vb : gvwU, MvQI cvwbi mevg msi Y Ki v| cwi ek msi Yi Rb
RbMYi gamvgwMK cwi ek mPZbZvmwi cqvRbxq D`vM| cwi ek Av`vj Z MVb Ki v|
(19) cvKwZK m` I Rvj vbxbxwZ
K. cvKwZK m` Rj , Rwg, eb wei vxqKi Yi AvI Zvgy Ki i vxq I mvgvwRK wbqY cwZvKi v| cvKwZK m` kZ
f vMRbMYi gvwj Kvbvq i L m` Avni Y I eenvi cwi Kw Z eevMnY Ges RvZxq ^v_K mKj cKvi evwYwRK ^v_i
Eai vLv| Zj -Mvm-Kqj vI Zv_K m cYAvBb Ki i vwb m~Ywbwl Ki v|
L. Dby cwZZ Kqj vLwbi bvg cwi ek, cKwZ aesme Ki v| dzj evoxPzw i c~Yvevevqb Ki v| Usi vwUj vMvm
wevi Yi Rb`vqxbvBKvi KvQ_K wZc~i Y Av`vq Ki v| GwkqvGbvwRK `k _K ewnvi Ki v| j vDqvQovq kf i bi
Abymvb Kvhg e Ki v| gvi Qovwevi Yi RbcvcwZc~i Y Av`vq Ki v|
M. `ki cvwb m`, f ~wg m` I gvbe m`i h_vh_ mg^q I ` eenvi wbwZK `xNgqv`xcwi K bvcYqb I
KvhKi Ki v| Kvj evsj vMVb I evc mn RvZxq ms vmg~ni weKvk `Z KvhKi eevMnY Ki v|
N. RvZxq ^v_wei vaxAmg Drcv`b-eb Pzw evwZj Ki v| mgy`Mvm-Zj m` Abymvb eZgvbi i vwbgyLx
wcGmwmevwZj Ki v| m` I mgy`i Dci RvZxq KZZwbwZ Ki Z mgy`mxgvmsvAZv-AwbqZv`~i Ki v|
O. RvZxq ^v_K mevP AMvwaKvi c`vb Ki GKwUc~YvRvj vwb bxwZi Aaxb `kxq Rvj vwb m`i mevP menvi
wbwZ Ki v|
P. ^wbf i cew, Rvj vwb chyw i RvZxq ^wbf i ZvARb,
A-bevqbhvMRvj vwbi `kxq eenvi wbwZ Ki v|
Q. we`yr Drcv`b 10 eQi i gawb Ki vi KvR AMmi Ki v| 5 eQi i gaZvKgc 33% ewi Rb`Z eev
bqv| cZAj mn mvi v`k we`yr Pvwn`vcyi Yi RbMvm-Rj -mi kw -nvI qvBZvw` wbi vc` Drmj veenvi Ki v|
R. AvMvgx1 eQi i gaDi eGes AvMvgx4 eQi i ga`ki me Mvmmi ei vn wbwZ Ki v|
(20) cvwb Dbqb I ebvmgmv
K. h_vh_ cvwb eevcbvI ebvmgmvmgvavbi RbRvZxq f Mwj K I cwi ekMZ ewkI DchvwMZvweePbvq wbq
`xNgqv`xI ^ gqv`xcwi K bvevevqb Ki vGes GRbRvZxq I Avti vxq Ges Avwj K I AvRvwZK D`vMMnY
D`vMxnI qv|
L. GKwUmvgwMK cvwb bxwZ cYqb I evevqb Ki vGes Zvi AvI Zvq mP eevi mcmvi Y Ki v|
M. `ki b`x-bvj v, Lvj -wej , nvI i -evI i mn mgcvwb m`K GKwUcvwb eevcbvi gnvcwi K bvi Aaxb Gb Zvi
wcvwK I ecvwK wf wZ Avwj K mnhvwMZvi vqxeevMo Zvj v|
(21) `yhvMeevcbv
K. `yhvMc~eAvaywbK mZKZveevvcb Ki v| `, UKmB, DbZ, Rbm , `yhvMeevcbvwbwZ Ki v|
L. `yhvMci eZxwbi vc` Lv`, cvwb I wPwKrmvi RbcqvRbxq vwbK cwZ wbwZ Ki v|
M. cqvRbxq msLK AvkqK`wbgvY Ki v|
(22) hvMvhvMeev
K. bc_, i j c_, i vRc_ I AvKvkc_mn `ki hvMvhvMeevi Dbqb RvZxq ewki mv_ mvgmc~YI
`xNgqv`xgnvcwi K bvRvZxq ^v_KvhKi Ki v|
L. cwi ek mnvqK, mnRj f , c_Pvi xeve weK MYcwi enY eevMo Zvj v| ew MZ Mvoxeenvi i wel qwUK
wbi rmvwnZ Ki v| MYcwi enY eevK cf ~Zf ve cmvwi Z Ki vGes Zvi ` I j vf RbK cwi Pvj bvwbwZ Ki v| bZzb KvVvgv
Movi Pq we`gvb AeKvVvgv(hgb cwi Z i j c_) cybevmbi gvag ZvmPj Ki vi D`vMMnY Ki v|
M. bc_ I i j c_i hvMvhvMeevi mcmvi Y I weKvk AMvwaKvi `qv| cwi Kw Zf ve moK hvMvhvMeev
Mvgvj cmvwi Z Ki v|
(23) RbmsLv


17
K. AwZwi RbmsLvK m` cwi YZ Ki vi D`vMMnY Ki v|
L. mKj gvbyl i Rb Kgmsvb mwi vi v`ki wecyj Rbkw i mRb gZvcwi c~Yf ve KvR j vMvbvi wf wZ
Drcv`bi Abvbme mveDcv`vbi mePq ` I DchvMxeenvi wbwZ Ki v|
M. RbmsLvwbqYi KvhgK mvgvwRK Av`vj b cwi YZ Ki v| QvUcwi evi MVbi wel qwUK ^Zt~ZI ^vf vweK
AvKvvq cwi YZ Ki v| RbwbqYi eevw`i eenvi Rbwcq I mnRj f Ki v| Gme cqvmi gvag 10 eQi i gaRbmsLv
ewi nvi k~bi KvVvq wbq Avmv|
(24) AvRvwZK mK
K. ^vaxb I mwq RvUwbi c ci i vbxwZ Abymi Y Ki v| cvi wi K ^v_, mgghv`vI Af i xY wel q nc bvKi vi
bxwZi wf wZ weki mKj `ki mAvti vxq mymKeRvq i vLv|
L. AvRvwZK Avti vxq mKi MYZvqb, RvwZmsNI Zvi wewf bmsvi MYZvqb Ges cwZwURvwZi weKvki wbR^
c_ evQvBqi AwaKvi i vq `p cqvmPvj vbv|
M. vqxwekkvwI c~Ywbi xKi Yi Rb`p I mwq cPvPvj vbv|
N. mvgvRev`, bqvDcwbekev`, AvwacZev`, eYev`, Rvqbev`, bebvrwmev` cf wZi wei `p Aevb MnY Ki vGes
Gmei wei msMvgi Z RvwZ I Av`vj bmg~ni mHKI msnwZ Rvi `vi Ki v|
O. ZZxq weki `kmg~ni megvw K mKmcmvi Y I Rvi `vi Ki v|
P. f vi Z, cvwKvb cf wZ `wY Gwkqvi `kj vi mmKDbqbi cvkvcvwk Gme `ki mSzj _vKvmgmvj v,
h_vf vi Zi mmKj b`xi cvwbi eb, mxgvbvwPwZKi Ymn wei vRgvb mgmv, cvwKvbi mevsj v`ki cvcm` Av`vq
I AvUKcovcvwKvwb`i di Z cvVvbvBZvw` mgmvRvZxq ^v_K AzYi L mgvavb Ki v| Dcgnv`kK cvi gvYweK
Agy Ki vGes G Aj AvZNvwZ AcwZhvwMZvi va Ki v|
Q. mvKmsvi KvhgK egyLxavi vq cmvwi Z Ki vGes Zvi gvag `wY Gwkqvi `kj vi ga mymKI
mnhvwMZvi wf w cmvwi Z I Mf xi Zi Ki v| mvK`kmg~ni RbMY I MYZvwK, cMwZkxj kw I Av`vj bmg~ni gamsnwZ
I mnhvwMZvMf xi Zi Ki v|
evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwUi wbevPbxBkZnvi i Dci v e eI Kgm~wPi c cvwUi gbvbxZ cv_x`i K KvgvKvq f vU
w`q weRqxKi vi Rb`kevmxi cwZ Avnvb RvbvwQ|
AvmbwbevPb KwgDwb cvwUi e eI Kgm~wPi mg_b GwMq Avmyb
KwgDwb cvwUgbvbxZ cv_x`i K KvgvKvq f vUw`q weRqxKi b
RbMYi weRq Aekvex

evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwU
K`xq KwgwU

AvRvwZK
msKUGLbvAwi BDi vc cvqvevi v
AvBGgGdi
Ggi vb nvPvb gvgyb : A_bwZK msKUi f xwZ GLbvZvovKi QMvUvBDi vcK| BDi vci wewf b`k GB f xwZi Kvi Y
AvMvg eevwbZ i Ki Q| hy i v i gZvAmvbRbK cwi wwZ Zvi vgvKvej vKi Z Pvq bvej B BDi vc AvMvg
mZKZvAej ^b Ki Qej cwgvA_bxwZwe`i vgeKi Qb| Zv`i gZ, MvUv`ywbqvi KvQhy i vi abxGes MvQvbv
i vi avi Yvf coQ|
BDi vc Ggb f vl ei Y Ki K GgbUvBDi vc Aj i `kj vi mi Kvi PvBQbv| Rvgvwb _K i Ki j vUwf qvwj _ywj qv
chmsKUgvKvej v_A_cywf ~ZKi Yi D`vMwbqQ| hw`I BZvgaA_bwZK msKUi avvBDi vci MvqI j MQ|
cv_wgKf ve GB avvq ci vnqQBDi vci AwZ z``k AvBmj v| i vwUmsKUgvKvej vq e_ZveUB, `Dwj qvnq
MQ| `kwUZ eZgvb gy`vxwZi nvi `uvwoqQ17.1 kZvsk| wbZcqvRbxq `evw`i `vg eoQkZKi v30 f vM| I qv
mvmvwj I qe-mvBUej Q, AvBmj vi evswKs LvZ i v i cwi waK AwZg Ki Q| Avi A_bwZK msKUevswKs LvZ
_KB Avi nqQ| A_bxwZwe``i gZ, cwi wwZ _K ewi q Avmvi RbAvBmj vi GLb nvRvi nvRvi wgwj qb Wj vi


18
A_i cqvRb| cqvRbxq A_i Lye mvgvbB hvMvo Ki Z ci Q`kwU| AvBmj vi c -cw KvRvwbqQh, `kwUi
mi Kvi AvRvwZK gy`vZnwej (AvBGgGd)-Gi KvQ_K 2.1 wewj qb gvwKb Wj vi i FY mnvqZvcvQ| 1976 mvj weUbi
gZvDbZ `k Gi Kg mvnvhAvBGgGd-Gi KvQ_K wbqwQj | AvBmj vi gZvKi AvBGgGdi KvQ_K FY MnYi
`b-`i evi Ki Qej vi k, mvweqv, i vgvwbqv, j vUwf qv, BvwbqvGes wj _ywbqv| nvi xBZvgamvemsKUgvKvej vi Rb
AvBGgGd Ges BDi vcxq BDwbqbi KvQ_K h_vg 16 wewj qb Ges 8 wewj qb gvwKb Wj vi i cwZkwZ cqQ| GQvov
BDb cqQ16.5 wewj qb gvwKb Wj vi | msev`gvag RvwbqQ, BDi vci Kj vYg~j K i vj vmsKUvv BDi vcxq
`kj vK cqvRbxq mvnvh`qvi Nvl Yvw`qQ| AvBGgGdi cvkvcvwk myBWb, bi I q, WbgvKGes wdbj v h_f ve
`Dwj qvi vAvBmj vK 2.5 wewj qb gvwKb Wj vi i mvnvhw`qQ| GQvovweUb, b`vi j v Ges Rvgvwb 10 wewj qb Wj vi
mnvqZv`qvi Nvl Yvw`qQ|
Gw`K ezcwZg i vj vi FY mnvqZvwbq KvbcKvi DPevPbv_vKj I AvBGgGdi FYK K`Ki MvUvAvBmj v D
nq coQ| MZ bf ^i Ryo i vRavbxwi KRvwf Kmn `ki cavb cavb kni wevf AbywZ nq| wevf Kvi xi vej Qb h,
AvBGgGdi FYi Kvi Y AvBmj vi mvavi Y gvbyl Avi vwecvK coe| KbbvGB FYi mKVvi me kZRyo `qvnQ,
hvi gaw`q mevLvZmg~n emi Kvwi gvwj Kvbvq nvwi Z ne| GQvovevsK my`i cwi gvYI evoe| AvBmj vi 25 _K
30 eQi eqmxhyeKi vBZvgaevsKi KvQFYMnq coQ| Pj wZ Avw_K msKUi Kvi Y Zvi vAvevi vevsKi KvQnvZ
cvZe| DP my`i Kvi Y I Bme hyeKi vkl ch`Dwj qvnq coe| kl Dcvq wnme hyeK`i gaAvZnZvi ceYZv
evoe ej wevf Kvi xi vgb Ki b| Dj L, BZvgaAvBGgGdi kZgvZveK evsK my`i cwi gvY 12 _K 18 kZvsk
Ki vnqQ| wevf Kvi xi vej Qh, AvBGgGd Zv`i wkv, ^vmev, mgvR Kj vY, MYZme wKQzKB asmKi e| Zvi v
Abvb`kKI AvBGgGd-Gi FY bvbI qvi RbAvnvb RvbvQ| BDi vci evg avi vi i vRbwZK `j j vgeKi Qh,
msKUi Kvi Y mvavi Y gvbyl i evcK wZ nj I cvqvevi vne AvBGgGdi | Kbbvj vwUb Avgwi Kv_K cZvZ nI qvi
ci AvBGgGdi A_wewbqvMi myeYmyhvMGb w`qQGB Avw_K gnvg`v| GB g`vK KvR j vwMq my`i cvnvo Moe|

gvwKb Aei va, wKDevi mdj Zv
GKZvwe`k W: ci vgkvj xgvwKb hy i vi cvkeZx`k Kvwi exq i vwKDev| f Mvwj Kf ve `k `ywUKvQvKvwQnj I
Av`wkK Ges i vRbwZK eevi w`K _K `k `ywUci i Dvgi Z Aevb Ki Q| hy i vPj QcuywRev`| Avi Kvwi exq
i vwKDevq we`gvb i qQmgvRZvwK eev| GB eevK f vZ hy i vi Zi d _K bvbvf ve Zrci ZvGLbvPvj vbv
nQ| 1959 mvj wecexwd`j Kvvi mi Kvi evwZvK nwUq gZvq Avmvi ci _K wKDevi mhy i vi k Zv i
nq| Dj Lh, hy i vi mg_b ^i kvmK evwZvmi Kvi wKDevq gZvmxb wQj |
wKDevi wecexmi Kvi K kvqvKi vi Rb1959 mvj _KB c`c bqv i Ki gvwKb mvgvRev`| c_g avc 1960 mvj
`kwUi I ci A_bwZK Aei va Avi vc Ki vnq| GB Aei vai Kvi Y wKDevm~Yf ve ZrKvj xb mgvRZvwK mvwf qZ
BDwbqbi I ci wbf i kxj nq co| 90-i `kK mvwf qZi wechqi ci wKDevi A_bxwZ cP GK avvLvq| avvmvgj
DVZ Abvb`ki mevwYwRK mKMo Zvj vi PvKi j hy i vi Aei vai Kvi Y Zvme nqwb| hy i vi GB
k ZvwKDevi RbwnZ j vf B nqQ| hw`I GRbwKDevK, wKDevi gvbyl K AbK g~j w`Z nqQ| Aei vai Kvi Y
wKDevKwl _K evwo wbgvY mvgwMi cwZwUDcKi Y wbRi vDvebi Pv i Ki | wbR^cPvi gaw`q wKDevi Kwl GLb
m~Yf ve AvZwbf i kxj GKwULvZ nq DVQ| mvi , wKUbvkKi cwi eZwKDevweK ARe cwZi Pvl vev` Dveb Ki |
eZgvb wKDevi Drcvw`Z Kwl cYi Pvwn`vhy i vmn BDi vci KvQRbwcq nq I VQ| hw`I Aei vai Kvi Y cKvkGme
cYi evRvi RvZ Ki vme nQbv| Ze hy i vi wgqvwg Ges dvwi Wvi eemvqxi vwKDevi we Kwl cYAvg`vwb Ki Qej
GKvwaK msev`gvag RvwbqQ| Dj L, wKDevi Kwl K wUwKq i vLvmn GUvK DbZi chvq wbq hvI qvi Rb90 ci eZx
mgqKvj AmsLKwl wf wK cwZvbi Rb`qvnqQ| wKDevq GLb nvRvi nvRvi Kwl we` UKmB Kwl i RbKvR Ki Q|
cwi ek `~l Yi K_vwPvKi cwi ekeve UKmB Mn wbgvYi j I KvR Ki QwKDevb mi Kvi | hy i vi Aei vai Kvi YB
wKDev90-i `kK G c_ MnY Ki Z evanq| AvLi QvB eenvi Ki wKDevmmgq wmgUDrcv`bi cwZ Avwevi Ki ,
hvcvRvj vbvwmgUbvg cwi wPZ| mvavi Y cwZi wmgUDrcv`b h cwi gvY Kveb-WvB-A vBW(co2) wbMZ nq, G cwZZ
Gi AaK cwi gvY co2 wbMZnq| GQvovevqv-eReenvi Ki BUZwi i cwZI Avwevi nq mvwf qZi wechqi ci |
wKDevi cavb kni _K cvq 1 nvRvi wKj vwgUvi `~i UvBj mDrcv`bi ARe Kvi Lvbvvcb Ki vnq, hvLye mvgvbcwi gvYB
cwi ek `~l Y Ki | Kwl _K i Ki M n wbgvYi cwZwUDcKi Y Dveb Ges Gi mdj eenvi i RbwKDevi gvbyl cwZwU
vbxq cwi l `i mmnhvwMZvKi Q| Mn wbgvYi be DvweZ DcKi Yj veZgvb `kwUi 40wUkni cwi l ` eeZ nQ|


19
wKDevi 168wUkni cwi l `i gaGLb AaKB GB ARe Mn wbgvY DcKi Y eenvi Ki Q| Kbbvci ci wZbwUcvKwZK
`~hvMi (nvwi Kb So-ve, AvBK, cvj vgv) Kvi Y wKDevi cvq 5 j vL evwo-Ni m~Yf ve asmnqQ|
wKDevmi Kvi i f vl gZ, gvwKb Aei va AbK w`K _K Avgv`i RbwZ eq Avbj I wekl Avgi vj vf evb nqwQ;
wekl Ki Kwl Ges wPwKrmvwevb| gvwKbi k ZvK GRbabev`| Dj L, mgvRZvwK mvwf qZ BDwbqb _K wKDev
Zvi cqvRbxq Mn wbgvY mvgwMi 86 kZvsk Avg`vwb Ki Zv| GQvovcqvRbxq hcvwZi 80 kZvski RbwKDevmvwf qZi
I ci wbf i kxj wQj |
m~ : MvwWqvb Ges wMb j dUDBKwj Aej ^b

Af ~ _vKQAvwdKv
GKZvwe`k W: cw_exi Lv`wbi vcvAvR Pi g AwbwqZvi f Zi w`q hvQ| wekl Ki AvwdKvi `kj vZ zav_i
msLvevoQZxeMwZZ|
LwbR m` c~YKvmePq KwVb Aevi f Zi i qQ| `kwUi 72 kZvsk gvbyl eZgvb mgq Mf xi Lv`msKUi qQ|
Abw`K Bw_I wcqvi gvbyl I Pi g msKUi f Zi i qQ| w`b w`b GB msLvevoQ| Bw_I wcqvi 46 kZvsk gvbyl Lv`wbi vcv
mxgvi wbP emevmKi Q|
wewf bMel YvcwZvb `vwe Ki Q, AvwdKvi `wi ``kj vi evcvi KDf veQbv| wewf bmgq GK Mv`vAvkvm`qvnj I
KLbvKvbvKvhKi MnY Ki vnqwb| I qv dzWcvMvg RvwbqQeZgvb weki GK l vsk gvbyl GLb Lv`msKUi qQ|
RvwZmsNmn wewf bcwZvb `k Lv`msKUgvKvej vq bvbvc`c MnYi Nvl Yvw`j I KvbvKvhKi c`c MnY Ki v
nqwb| GZ w`b w`b Lv`cwi wwZ Avi vbvRyK nQ| Bw_I wcqvq mvcwZK mgq 25 kZvsk nvi zav_i msLvevoZ _vKvq
MnxZ mKj Kgm~wPK AKvhKi ej Nvl Yvw`qQb wekl Ki v|
wekl Ki vgb Ki b AvwdKvi m`i I ci AvwacZ Avzbi vLZ G Aj Lv` msKUwRBq i vLvnQ| G Kvi Y
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msm` PvB kvwl Z gvbyl i cwZwbwa
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gvwbKM-2 Avmb wmwcwe gbvbxZ cv_xAavcK gv. bvqve Avj x


20
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AavcK bvqve Avj xQv Rxeb _KB wQj b AZ gavex| wZwb zj Rxeb Uvj Ucyj ew j vf mn wkvRxebi cwZwU
B cwZf vi ^vi i vLb| mi Kvwi me`Kj R covi mgqB wZwb Qv BDwbqbi mskAvmb Ges ^i vPvi wei vax
Av`vj b f ~wgKvcvj b Ki | XvKvKj R covi mgqI K`xq Qv i vRbxwZi mv_ m wQj b| wewf bmgq wZwb Qv msm`
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Kj RK wekwe`vj q Kj R i cvwi Z Ki v, Avi I 7/8wUKj R cwZvKi v, bvi xwkvGwMq bI qv, mevcwi wmsMvBi DcRj v
Z_vwbevPbxGj vKvK AvaywbK XvKvi mKj myhvMmyweavi AvI Zvq wbq Avmv| G QvovAbvbRbi Zc~Ymgmvj vi mgvavb
Ki vZvi Y`x mnt AavcK gvt bvqve Avj xi AbZg wbevPbxAxKvi |
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cMwZkxj AvaywbK chyw wbf i mgvR eevMovi KvRK Zi vw^Z Ki vi Rbf vUvi `i cwZ Avnvb RvbvQb|

wKkvi M-1 Avmb wmwcwe cv_xcKkj xG.K.Gg Aveyi vqnvb
wKkvi M msev``vZv: w`j xq gi Ki Yi evBi `k cKZ evg weK avi vK cwZwZ Ki vi j wKkvi M-1 Avmb _K
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G.K.Gg Aveyi vqnvb| BZvgaB wZwb Zvi wk vqbi Kkj I mgvRmevi gvag Gj vKvi mePq Rbwcq I cwZx
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Gj vKvi AbK msMVbi ccvl K wnmve KvR Ki Qb|
Bwwbqvi i vqnvb wekvmKi b, GKRb j vKi Kgmsvbi myhvMnj GKwUcwi evi ^Qj Zvwdi Avm| wKkvi M I
nvmbcyi i Ni Ni ^Qj Zvwdwi q AvbZ wZwb Zvi mKj cwZvb AMvwaKvi wf wZ PvKwi w`qQb Gj vKvi mvb`i |
eZ Zvi cwZvbi 90 f vMKgKZv-KgPvi xB nvmbcyi I wKkvi Mi | i vRavbxXvKvq wbRi MovwkvcwZvb wekl Ki
wKkvi M Rj vi wkv_xi vAMvwaKvi wf wZ j LvcovKi Q| ew MZ D`vMI cvwmwdK Mci c _K nvmbcyi i zj -
gv`vmvI Kj Rmg~n wZwb KwDUvi Ges mj vB gwkb c`vb Ki evcK cksmvKzwoqQb| ZvQvovwKkvi M I nvmbcyi -
cvKyw`qvGj vKvi Kvej vZ Lj va~j vi mvgwMweZi Y Ki _vKb wbqwgZ Ges gavexwkv_x`i mseabvc`vb I cyi vi
weZi Yi gvagI wZwb Zi Y`i gbvhvMAvKl Y Ki Qb wZwb| Qv Rxeb Bwwbqvi Aveyi vqnvb wQj b LyeB gavex| wZwb
1983 mvj 5 wel q j Uvi gvKmmn c_g wef vMGmGmwm, 1985 mvj c_g wef vMGBPGmwm, 1990 mvj XvKvwekwe`vj q
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wcGBPwWwWMxj vf Ki b|
AvMvgxw`bj vZ ew MZ D`vMwKkvi M m`i nvmbcyi -cvKzw`qvAj i gvbyl i Kj vYv_wKQzKgm~wP evevqbi K_v
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1. cyg`xBDwbqb cvwmwdK BqvbU UvBj wj wgUWcwZv|


21
2. wKkvi M wewmK wk Gj vKvq 700 j vKi Kgmsvbi RbMvgUZ_vcvwK Kvvwb vcb|
3. nvmbcyi m`i gwWKj Kj R I AvaywbK nvmcvZvj vcb Ki v|
4. wm`j vBDwbqb Kj R I Col d Storage cwZvKi v|
5. nvmbcyi evkg Mo Zvj v|
6. `wi ``i RbwebveZb Aaqbi myhvM`vbi j zj I Kj R cwZv|
7. Kl K`i Kwl KvRi myweav_Mvg Mvg Mf xi Kwl mi vgvw` c`vb Ki Kl K`i mnvqZvc`vb|
8. wKkvi M I nvmbcyi DcRj vi wekwe`vj q I Kj R coqvgavex`i mnhvwMZvi Rbeo AvKvi Kj vY Uv MVb|
9. Acni Y I mvmwbg~j KvhKi c`c MnY|

cMo-1 Avmb j oQb AvW. kwdDi i ngvb
GKZvcwZe`K : kwgK-Kl K-gnbwZ gvbyl i w`b e`j i WvK w`q cMo-1 Avmb j oQwmwcwe cv_x, Rj vKwgwUi mf vcwZ
AvW. kwdDi i ngvb| MZ 23 bf ^i wZwb Zvi gbvbqbc Rgvw`qQb| i Ki QwbevPbxcwZi KvR| wewf bvb cvwUi
Kgx-mg_b- f vbyavqxmn cv_xi AvZxq-^Rbi vwbevPbi KvR AskMnY Ki Qb|
cMo-01 AvmbwURj vi m`i , AvUvqvi xI ZZzwj qvDcRj vwbq MwVZ| GB Avmb f vUvi msLv291095|
AvW. kwdDi i ngvb zj RxebB Qv i vRbxwZi mskAvmb| mg kYxi Qv _vKvevq 62-i wkvAv`vj bi gvag Qv
BDwbqb msMVb hy nb| Qv i vRbxwZZ _vKvAevqB 69-i MYAf z vb AskMnY Ki b| mmgq Qv bZvwnmve VvKzi MuvI
Rj vq bZZ`b| Qv i vRbxwZ kl ci wZwb bvc-Gi i vRbxwZi mv_ hy nb| GKmgq VvKzi MuvI Rj vbvci mf vcwZi
`vwqZI cvj b Ki b| 1991 mvj wmwcwei i vRbxwZi mv_ hy nb| Ges ci ci wZbevi Rj vKwgwUi mf vcwZ wnmve `vwqZ
cvj b Ki Qb| GKB mZj -Mvmi vAv`vj b I MYZvwK AvBbRxexmwgwZi Rj vKwgwUi AvnevqK wnmveI `vwqZcvj b
Ki Qb|
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kYx-ckvi gvbyl i mv_ wmwcwei i vRbxwZi NwbZvmB ^vaxbZvc~eKvj _KB| AvW. kwdDi i ngvbi wbevPbxGj vKvwU
g~j Z Kwl cavb| GLvb mcwZ wKQzPvPvl nQ| PvkwgK`i gaI cvwU-msMVbK Rvi `vi Ki vi PvKi QbZe`| Ze
Rj vi AbvbRvqMvi Zzj bvq GLvb avbi dj b Kg| wekl Ki eQi i wZbgvmGLvbi ZgRyi i vKvb KvRB cvq bv|
wmwcwe mBme ZgRyi wbq Av`vj b msMvg Ki vi Kvi Y mgvRi wbgwe gvbyl i gaGi GKUvcf ve coQ| GLvb wKQz
kwgK AvQhvi vgvwUKUcv_i msMn Ki | GB cv_i kwgK`i gawmwcwei Aevf vj | GQvovI bvbvmgq Kl K`i mvi -
exR-Rvj vwb Zj wbq Av`vj b AvW. kwdDi i ngvb bZZw`qQb| Gj vKvi memvavi Yi KvQB wZwb AZ mycwi wPZ|
kwdDi i ngvb AvkvKi b, GK-GMvi vci eZxmgq RbMY eySQAvmj `ybxwZevRi vKvbvKvb gbi bZv| mBme `j
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KvQmB weK i evZvB cuQw`wQ|

gyxM-3 Avmb cv_xk. g. Kvgvj
gyxM m`i I MRvwi qvwbq gyxM-3 Avmb| Avj y, Kj v, Kwc, mxg I gwi Pmn wewf bKwl cYDrcv`bi Dei GB Rj v|
ej Avj vwPZ wevbx, mvswZK ew ZI cMwZkxj i vRbwZK bZZi RbGLvb| GLvb kwgK Kl Ki exi Zc~Ye
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evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwU, gyxM Rj vKwgwUi mf vcwZ I RvZxq cwi l ` m`m|
gyxM-3 Avmb _K KwgDwb cvwUwbevPb Ki Q b wewf bevg I cMwZkxj msMVb I ew eMk.g. Kvgvj K Awf b`b
RvwbqQb| wbevPbxcPvi KwgDwb cvwUi c _K ek KqKwUvbxq `vwe Zvj vnqQ| 1. XvKv-gyxM i j j vBb vcb,
2. wmgUdvwi KZK cwi ek `~l Y i va, 3. Avj yPvl x`i RbwngvMvi cwZv, 4. wewmK wk Gj vKvK GK dmwj RwgZ
vbvwi Z Ki vBZvw`| cv_xk.g. Kvgvj I cvwUbZvKgxi vcwZw`b Mvg Mvg kgRxexgvbyl i evwoZ hvQ| hLvbB hvQb
mvavi Y gvbyl cv_xK mg_b Ki Qb| KvgvKvq f vU`eb ej cwZkwZ w`Qb|
j yUi vawbK kYxi i vRbwZK `j j vi cv_x`i weK nq DVQb k.g. Kvgvj |



22
Avw`evmx`i AwaKvi Av`vqi j bvUvi -4 Avmb j oeb i gvbv_
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Zv`i `j xq ^v_wmwi K_vf eB nqZvGB KvR Ki Q| ZvB Avw`evmx`i AwaKvi Av`vqi RbB wbevwPZ nZ PvB| G
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mevB eo `ywU`j i g``cy| myZi vs G `ywU`j i cv_x`i w`q Avw`evmx`i AwaKvi Kvbw`b evevqb ne bv|
bvUvi -4 AvmbwUeovB Mvg I i `vmcyi DcRj vwbq MwVZ| GLvb Avw`evmx`i f vUi qQcvq 12 nvRvi | GB 12 nvRvi
f vUvi i cZKi mB i qQi gvbv_ gvnvZvi `xNi vRbwZK Rxebi mK| Avw`evmxi vRvb Zv`i wec`i w`b h
gvbyl wUK mePq ewk KvQcvI qvhvq wZwb nj b i gvbv_ gvnvZv| ZvB GB Avw`evmxi vB wbR D`vMbg coQb i gvbv_
gvnvZvi wbevPbxKvR| Zvi vi gvbv_ gvnvZvK wmwcwe gbvbxZ cv_xwnmve cq LyeB Drdzj | Kvi Y i gvbv_ gvnvZvZv`i
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f ~wg`my`i wei Mo I VvAv`vj b| 2008 mvj KwZcq f ~wg`my hvi veo `ywU i vRbwZK `j i Q Qvqvq _K
Avw`evmx`i Rwg _K DQ`i l ohKi wQj Pvwcj vBDwbqbi wePvwcj vMvg| mLvbKvi 8wUAvw`evmxcwi evi gwKi
gyL| i gvbv_ gvnvZvi bZZB ZLbB wUGbI AwdmNi vI Ki f ~wg`my`i mB l ohcwZi va Ki vnq| GKBf ve wZwb
bZZw`qQb `qvi vgcyi BDwbqbi b`c~RvMvgi 10wUAvw`evmxMvgi gvbyl RbK DQ`i l ohi wei | we-Mwi j v
Mvgi Kvj xgw`i `Lj i cuvqZvi vi wei Av`vj b Ki I i gvbv_ Avw`evmx`i AvvKzwoqQb|
ZvQvovGj vKvi f ~wgnxb ZgRy`i wcqbZvi gvbv_ gvnvZv| ZgRyi `i 100 w`bi KgmRb cK i `ybxwZi wei wQj b
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eVK Ki i gvbv_ gvnvZvi c f vUPvBQb| cwZw`bB 3/4wUUxg mKvj _K mvchGf ve wbevPbi KvR Pvwj q hvQ|
i gvbv_ gvnvZvwmwcwe i v`vgcyi DcRj vKwgwUi mf vcwZ wnmve `vwqZcvj bi cvkvcvwk bvUvi Rj vKwgwUi m`mI RvZxq
Avw`evmxcwi l ` bvUvi Rj vi mvavi Y mv`Ki `vwqZcvj b Ki Qb|

Kgi Wdi nv`i Avmb Gevi cv_xAvki vdzj Avj g
cMo msev``vZv: wmwcwei mveK mvavi Y mv`K Kgi Wgvnv` di nv`i Avmb wQj cMo-2, ev`vI `exM DcRj v
wbq GB Avmbi wewZ| GB Avmb _KB 1986 mvj i wbevPb mvsm` wnmve wbevwPZ nb Kgi Wgvnv` di nv`| dj
`xNw`b ai wmwcwei LuvwUwnmve cwi wPZ ev`vAvmb AvMi mB Aevbv_vKj I RbMYi gb GLbvKwgDwb cvwUI Gi
Av`kmKkvi qQ| gv. Avki vdzj Avj g Gevi wbevPb msvKvR RbMYi mK_vej Z hLvbB hvQb mLvbB
RbMY mB K_vZvK i Y Kwi q w`Q|
wkKZvi gZvgnvb ckvq wbqvwRZ gv. Avki vdzj Avj g Gj vKvq GKRb bxwZ-wb I Mwi e-gnbwZ gvbyl i ezwnmve
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cvj b Ki Qb|
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cvwUi 40wUKwgwU, ZgRyi mwgwZi 37wUKwgwU, Kl K mwgwZi 7wU, kwgK MY msMVbi 2wU, Qv MYmsMVbi 2wUkw kvj x
KwgwUi qQ| GQvovI cv_xwbR hnZzwkK mnZz vbxq wkK mwgwZZI i qQcvwUi AbK mg_K I f vbyavqx|
Kgi Wgvnv` di nv`i Di m~i xwnmve Gj vKvi AbK cexY, cMwZkxj gvbyl B gv. Avki vdzj Avj gK KvQUb w`Qb|
BZvgaB MZ 23 bf ^i wZwb Zuvi gbvbqbc `vwLj Ki Qb| wewf bvb cvwUi Kgxi vwbe vPbxKvR P~ovf ve AMmi Ki
bqvi RbcwZ i Ki w`qQ|


23
g~j Z cvwUi evcK MYwf wB GLvbKvi wbevPbi cavb ci Yv| gv. Avki vdzj Avj g Zvi wbevPbxGj vKvq cwZwqve Ki Z
wMq ej b, w-`j xq gi Ki Yi evBi GKwUkw kvj xevg weK Mo Zvj vi msMvgK AMmi Ki bqvB Avgv`i wbevPbi
g~j KvR| GLvb AZxZ AbK Av`vj b-msMvg cvwUcf ~Z Ae`vb i LQ| mvavi Y gvbyl mB BwZnvmK GLbvmvb Ki |
Zvi vB Avgv`i g~j kw | AvkvKwi AvMvgxw`b GLvb msMVb Avi vkw kvj xne|






24
j xWwbDR
Kqj vayj I gqj vhvq bv!
i vRyAvng` : i vRbwZK RvUMVb _K i Ki cv_xgbvbqb chKvbv B bxwZ-Av`kI RbMYi cwZ `vqeZvi
wel qwUb~bZg weePbvqI AvbQbveyRvqvi vRbxwZi `yB eo `j weGbwc I AvI qvgxj xM| G AekZv`i mRvUeua
gZvi nvj yqv-i wUi f vMwbwZ Ki Z eRvgvZ-RvZxq cvwUi gaI Kvbvi Kg Zdvr bB| h KvbvDcvq gZv`Lj i
RbDbv` nq DVQGme `j | G Kvi YB ^i vPvi , i vRvKvi , Rwevevg-Wvbi evQ-wePvi bvKi GKvKvi nq hvQw-`j xq
avi vi i vRbxwZ| Abw`K wPwZ I `wZ `ybxwZevR, mvmx, MWdv`vi , Kvj vevRvwi _K i Ki me i Kg NwYZ j vK`i
gbvbqb `qvnqQ|
`xNKvj ai B `ki i vRbxwZZ `ybxwZ, mvmI `yevqbi avi vevcK kw kvj xnq DVwQj | mvgwi K kvmK`i Avkq-ckq
bvbvbwZevPK ceYZvhy nq i vRbxwZK Pi gf ve Kj ywl Z Ki vnqQ| 90 ci eZxmgq MYZvwK eevcybtcwZvi dj
i vRbxwZZ bxwZ-Av`ki wf wZ BwZevPK ceYZvkw kvj xne ej `ki gvbyl AvkvKi wQj | wKAwPi B eyRvqv`j j v
cgvY Ki `qhbZb cKvi gZvq hvI qvGes wUK _vKvB Zv`i GKgv i vRbwZK j | dj GKw`K hgb `ybxwZevR,
j yUi v, mvmxI Kvj vUvKvi gvwj Ki vi vRbxwZZ AvwacZwevi i myhvMcvq, Abw`K A_bxwZ I mgvReevqI j yUcvUi
avi vB cavb nq DV| GB myhvMgyw hy i PZbvwei vaxhyvci vax`i `j RvgvZmn mvc`vwqK-gj ev`xi vbvbvf ve kw
mq Ki Z _vK| GKBf ve MYAf y vbi gaw`q cwZZ ^i vPvi Gi kv`I i vRbxwZZ evcKf ve cybevwmZ nq|
gZvi Rbgwi qvnq me i Kg i vRbwZK wkvPvi wemRb w`qI weGbwc I AvI qvgxj xMh kw ARbi cwi eZAvi v`~ej
nq MQMZ KqK eQi i i vRbwZK NUbvcevn Zvi B cgvY enb Ki | gZvq wMq MYwei vaxKgKv i dj G `ywU`j
MYwewQbnq coQ| Zvi vwbRi vI RbMYi cwZ b~bZg Avvi vLZ cvi Qbv| G Kvi YB gZvi gmb` wbwZ Ki vi Rb
weGbwc I AvI qvgxj xMhyvci vaxi vRvKvi Ges cwZZ ^i vPvi i mwbj HKKi Z gwi qvnq DVQ| MYwaKZ Gme
`j K evMAvbZ wbR `j i ZvMxI ci xwZ bZv`i cvkvcvwk MZ wbevPb weRqx`i I gbvbqb ewZ Ki RvU-kwi K`i
mB Avmb Qo w`Q| Avi myweavev`xRvgvZ I RvZxq cvwUmyhvMcq weGbwc I AvI qvgxj xMK Pc ai gZvi f i K`
wbR`i Aevb cvKvcv Ki wbQ|
eZgvb ZveavqK mi Kvi gZvq Gmi vRbxwZK `ybxwZ, Kvj vUvKv, ckxkw I `yegy Ki vi Nvl Yvw`qwQj hw`I Zv`i
me Zrci ZvB wQj `kK wei vRbxwZKxKi Yi w`K wbq hvI qv| Ze c`vi Ai vj i bvbvl oh, i vRbwZK mgSvZvI wbj
Avcvl i Kvi Y Zv`i KvbvD`vMB mvdj i gyL `Lwb| `yeQi i bvbvNvZ-cwZNvZi Kvi Y i vRbxwZZ wKQzUvnj I
BwZevPK ceYZvZwi ne ej `ki gvbyl AvkvKi wQj | wKj yUcvUi Av_-mvgvwRK eeveRvq i L Kvbvcwi eZbB h
BwZevPK dj eq AvbZ cvi bvBZvgaB Zv nq MQ|
beg msm` wbevPbi RbBZvgaB AvI qvgxj xMi cv_xZvwj KvcKvwkZ nqQ| I B Zvwj Kvq Gevi AvBbMZ evavi Kvi Y
`ybxwZi `vq `wZ, wPwZ MWdv`vi mn weZwKZ KqK RbK i vLvnqwb| Ze AvMi gZvB `j i ek wKQzZvMx, Av`vj b-
msMvg ci xxZ I Awf bZvK gbvbqb `qvnqwb| G`i cwi eZAemi cv mvgwi K-emvgwi K Avgj v, DVwZ eemvqxI
wk cwZK gbvbqb `qvnqQ|
Ze gbvbqbi Kvbvi Kg bxwZ-bwZKZvi evj vB i vLwb weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU| `ki gvbyl i KvQmvmx, MWdv`vi ,
`ybxwZevR I j yUi vwnme wPwZ Ges Av`vj Z cgvwYZ I `wZ bvwmi D xb wcUz, gxRvAvevm, mvj vnD xb Avng`,
AvgvbDj vn Avgvb, bvRgyj `v, Kzwqvi kwn`yj Bmj vg, dRj yi i ngvb cUj mn KvDKB gbvbqb Zvwj Kv_K ev` `qvnqwb|
AvBwb wbl avvi Kvi Y gbvbqb evwZj nq Mj G cwi evi i m`m`i GRbAvmb msi wZ i vLvnqQ| ayZvB bq, GKzk
AvM eezGwf wbDZ kL nvwmbvK nZvi D kAvI qvgxj xMi mgvek MbWnvgj vi g~j cwi K bvKvi xwnme wPwZ
ni KvZzj RxmsMVb Rnv`i AbZg ccvl K Avymmvj vg wcUzKI gbvbqb w`qQweGbwc| Abw`K `ybxwZi `vq
Awf hy gwZDi i ngvb wbRvgx, Avj xAvnmvb gvn` gyRvwn`, MvRxbRi j Bmj vg, Avyj vn gvnv` Zvni K gbvbqb w`qQ
RvgvZ| GQvovZvwj Kvf y hyvci vaxZvAvQB|
gbvbqb I RvUwbq G ai bi ceYZvAvMvgxw`bi i vRbxwZK h Avi v`Dwj qvZi w`K wbq hveGZ Kvbvm`n
bB| A_P wKQzw`b AvMB weGbwc Pqvi cvi mb Lvj `vwRqvGes AvI qvgxj xMmf vb xkL nvwmbvi mvvZi cmwUmvgb
Avmvi ci MYgvag Ges f `mgvRi (wmwf j mvmvBwU) gaDQvm`L gb nqwQj , `yb xi `Lvnj B `ki me mgmvi
mgvavb nq hve| mbvKz Zv`i ga Rj Lvbvi Awf Zvwbq KqK wgwbUAvj vci ci cPvi -cPvi Yvq gb nqwQj ,
i vRbxwZZ wei vUcwi eZb NUMQ| A_P G `yb xB `j i gbvbqb `qvi GKQ gZvcq Zvi h_Qeenvi Ki j b|


25
wKQzw`bi Rbnj I hme bZv`j i gaMYZcwZvi c K_vej wQj b mevi AvMZv`i mvBRKi j b| gbvbqbi
i vRbwZK cv, mZZv, ZvMI bxwZ-Av`kweePbvbvKi cyi bvavPB gbvbqb w`j b|
myZi vs me wgwj q G K_vcgvwYZ h, MZ `yeQi i NUbvcevn _K eo `y`j Ges Zv`i bZv-b xi vKvbvi Kg wkvB
bqwb| dj Gme `j K BwZevPK avi vq wdwi q Avbvi Avkvq hvi vRvU- gnvRvUbvg j wLqQb Zv`i mB AvkvI c~i Y ne
bv| G Aevq RbRxebi msKUwbi mb Ges mvc`vwqKZv, mvgvRev` I j yUi v`i Kej _K `kK gy Ki Z w-`j xq
gi Ki Yi evBi evg MYZvwK weK kw B nZ cvi GKgv f i mv|

myB Avi Pvj ybi M
GKZvcwZe`K : myB Avi Pvj ybi M UvmevB Rvbb Zv! GK wQ`wewk myB bvbvmgq e wQ`wewk Pvj ybK LvUvgvi Zv|
Pvj yi b hnZzGKUzewk Aci vaxGB Kvi Y mPzcPvc _vK| wKmyB hLb ni nvgkvB LvUv`qv i Ki j vZLb Pvj ybI Qo
K_vej j bv| Pvj yb myB K Zvi wQ``wLq w`q ej j wQ`GKUv_vKj h Aci va ewk _vKj I GKB Aci va| myZi vs Avgvi
ki xi wQ`_vKvi RbAvwg hw` Aci vaxnB Ze Zzwg Kv_vKvi mvay? Gi ci AekmyB Pzc gi hvq|
evsj v`ki i vRbxwZZI myB Avi Pvj ybi M Pvj yi qQ| AekM bvej Lj vej vB f vj , i vRbwZK Lj v| Avi GB Lj v
i nqQ`ywUeo eyRvqv`j i bZZvaxb i vRbwZK RvUi vRvKvi -hyvci vaxI ^i vPvi i Af ~w wbq|
AvI qvgxj xMZv`i wbevPbxcPvi Kvj ej Q, weGbwci bZZvaxb Pvi `j xq RvURvgvZi gZ hyvci vaxmsMVb i qQ| ZvB
Zv`i K hb RbMY Kvb AevZB f vUbv`q| mZK_v| hyvci vax`i K gyw hyi PZbvq hvi vwekvmKi Zv`i c
f vU`qvDwPr bq, `eI bv| wKAvI qvgxj xMi bZZvaxb gnvRvUi mv_I Zv^i vPvi i qQ| Zvi ej vq?
Aci w`K weGbwc ej QAvI qvgxj xMi mv_ hnZz^i vPvi AvQZvK f vU`qvgvUI DwPZ ne bv| Kvi Y gyL gyw hyi
K_vej eb, MYZi K_vej eb Avi MvUQvovevaeb ^i vPvi i mv_ GUvKvb ai bi f vgx? LuvwUK_v| Avi hvB nvK
^i vPvi i mv_ RvUKi gZvq wMq AvI qvgxj xMMYZi my evZvm`k f wi q `e GUvwbqB KDwekvmKi bv|
MZ 3 wWm^i hLb wUwf Z GB myB Pvj ybi Lei Pj wQj ZLb GKRb `kK gyPwK nmej DVj b, G`i `yRbi K_vB wVK|
G`i Df qi K_vB Avgv`i gvbKi KvDKB f vU`qvDwPZ bq| Avgv`i Ggb `j `L f vU`qvDwPZ h `j i vRvKvi -
hyvci vaxev^i vPvi bB|

i vRbwZK `Dwj qvZi P~ovcKvk
gnvRvUhyvci vaxcv_x
GKZvcwZe`K : Aekl wPwZ hyvci vaxI AvI qvgxj xMi bZZvaxb 14 `j i gbvbqb cq Mj | cwZZ ^i vPvi
Gi kv`i mwbevPbxRvUKi Z wMq 71-Gi NvZK Ges mi Kgvvmdvi vgi kxl 50 Zvwj Kvi 41Zg Aevb _vKv
hyvci vaxi wci vRcyi i gVevwoqvi cKkj xAvyj Revi i Rb wci vRcyi -3 (gVevwoqv-Zwj Lvj xBDwbqb) AvmbwUQo
w`qQAvI qvgxj xM| G Lei Rbgb evcK cwZwqvi mw nqQ| AbKB ckKi Qb, AvI qvgxj xMwK GZvUvB `Dwj qv
nq MQh, gZvq hZ Gi kv`i me AbwZK Avvi Zv`i gb wbZ nj v? Avi GB myhvMNvwl Z hyvci vaxI RvZxq
cvwUi cv_xwnme gnvRvUi gbvbqb wbq wbj v?
gVevwoqvi Avyj Revi GKRb wPwZ i vRvKvi | gyw hyKvj xb mgq _KB mGj vKvq KzLvZ i vRvKvi wnme cwi wPZ| vbxq
AvI qvgxj xMbZv`i wel qwUARvbvbq| Gi ci I ayGi kv`K Lywk Ki ZB Zvi gbvbqb gb wbqQAvI qvgxj xM|
Ze Ggwb Ggwb Avyj Revi `i gZvew i vgnvRvUi Zvwj Kvq bvg DVvZ cvi wb| gnvRvUi cv_xKi vi bvg Zvi gZv
AbKi KvQ_KB wecyj cwi gvY A_evwMq wbqQGi kv`| gnvRvUi gbvbqb `qvi wbqZvw`qB Zv`i KvQ_K UvKv
bqvnqQ| Avi G Kvi YB AvI qvgxj xMi mAvmb f vMvf vwMwbq Gi kv` GZvewk `i Kl vKwl Ki Qej kvbvhvQ|
gbvbqb evwYRi gaw`qB i vRbwZK cwi Pqnxb, evi evi `j e`j Kvi x, mveK RvgvZ bZvmn wewf bchvqi Aci vaxi vRvZxq
cvwUi gvag gnvRvUi gbvbqb cq MQ| UvKvi Rvi Gi kv`K wKb wbq gnvRvUi gbvbqb evwMqQb bxj dvgvi x-1
Avmb Rvdi BKevj wmw Kx| MZ wbevPb weRqxAvI qvg j xMi nvwg`vevbykvf vGes wZxq Aevb _vKvGi kv`i `j i
GbK Avj g Pai xK ev` w`q UvKvi wewbgq G AvmbwUAevvj xRvdi BKevj i KvQwew Ki vnqQ| XvKv-7 Avmb GKB
cwqvq gbvbqb cqQUvbvwi eemvqxnvi b Ai i kx`|


26
Abw`K GK mgqi RvgvZ bZvevi evi `j e`j Ki vgvI j vbvmvLvI qvZ nvmbI RvZxq cvwUi cwi Pq gnvRvUi cv_xnq
MQ| GB gvI j vbvI 71-G gyw hyi wei Aevb wbq cvK mbv`i `vmi wnme KvR Ki wQj |

knx` wgbvi Avj vi wgwQj wmwcwe bZe`
hvi vgyw hyi Pvi bxwZ gvb bvZvi vi vRvKvi
hvi v`yB bxwZ gvb Zvi vnvd-i vRvKvi !
GKZvcwZe`K : wmwcwei gvmevcxMYRvMi Y Awf hvbi 15Zg w`b knx` wgbvi Avj vi wgwQj bZe` ej b, gyw hyi
gvag G`ki RbMY msweavb i vxq g~j bxwZ wnmve MYZ, RvZxqZvev`, agwbi cZvI mgvRZGB Pvi bxwZK cwZwZ
Ki wQj | GB Pvi bxwZK ev` w`q gyw hyi PZbvevevwqZ nZ cvi bv| ^vaxbZvwei vaxkw KLbvB GB Pvi g~j bxwZK
^xKvi Ki bv| cvwKvwb `vmi i vGLbvG`k cvwKv`i cZvZvnqB gyw hyi ARbj vK asmKi vi Rbbvbvwea
l ohPvwj q hvQ|
bZe` ckZvj b, hvi vgyw hyi Pvi bxwZ gvb bvZvi vAekB i vRvKvi | Zvnj hvi v aygv `yB bxwZ gvb Zvi vwK nvd-
i vRvKvi !
MZ 29 bf ^i mvmvqv5Uv_K GB Kgm~wP i nq| knx` wgbvi _K cyi vbvcb chAvj vi wgwQj nq| XvKvKwgwUi
mf vcwZ Avyj Kv`i i mf vcwZZknx` wgbvi msw mgvek e ei vLb wmwcwei K`xq KwgwUi m`mGgGg AvKvk,
i wnb nvmb wc, RvZxq cwi l ` m`mRqv` Avj gvj yg, mveK Qv bZvKvgi j Avnmvb Lvb cgyL |
mgvek cwi Pvj bvKi b wmwcwei RvZxq cwi l ` m`mnvmvb nvwdRyi i ngvb mvnj | Dj L, hyvci vax`i wePvi , mvc`vwqK
i vRbxwZ wbwl Ges i vxq 4 g~j bxwZmn 72-Gi msweavb cybtcwZvi `vweZ 16 wWm^i gnvb weRq w`emK mvgb i L
wmwcwe `kRyo gvmevcxMYRvMi Y Awf hvb cwi Pvj bvKi Q| MZ 15 bf ^i gy vb Avj vPbvI cwZev`xMvbi gaw`q
Kgm~wPi Dvab nq|
G mgvek mi mKgvvi dvi vgi Avnvb mvovw`q hyvci vax`i wePvi i `vweZ mvPvi nI qvi Rb `kevmxi cwZ
Avnvb Rvbvb bZe`| cvkvcvwk bZe` 72-i msweavbi g~j bxwZ wdwi q Avbvi msMvgKI eMevb Ki vi RbAv`vj b Mo
Zvj vi WvK `b|

Avj vKwP c`kbxi Dvab mwj g
72i msweavb I i vxq Pvi g~j bxwZ cybtcwZvB `kK HKeKi Z cvi
GKZvcwZe`K : evsj v`k KwgDwb cvwU(wmwcwe)i mvavi Y mv`K gyRvwn`yj Bmj vg mwj g ej Qb, G`ki gyw hy
GKw`bi AvKwK KvbvNUbvbq| ^vaxbZvmsMvg GKwURvwZi `xNw`bi msMvgi dmj | h msMvgi PZbvi g~Zi c
cwZdwj Z nqQ72-Gi msweavb I i vxq Pvi g~j bxwZ cwZvi gvag| wZwb ej b, msweavb I i vxq Pvi g~j bxwZK cybtcwZv
Ki vi RbB RvwZK HKenZ ne|
MZ 30 bf ^i `ycyi 12Uvq K`xq knx` wgbvi wmwcwei gvmevcxMYRvMi Y Kgm~Pxi Ask wnme gyw hyi Avj vKwP c`kbx
DvabKvj mwj g Gme K_vej b|
c`kbxDvab mKvj 11Uvq Ki vi K_v_vKj I cywj wk evavi Kvi Y ZvGK NUv`wi Z i nq| Gmgq K`xq KwgwUi m`m
i wnb nvmb wc, Avyj Kv`i , RvZxq cwi l ` m`mnvmvb nvwdRyi i i ngvb mvnj , Avi vdvZzj Kwei wi Rf x, Ggvi b nvPvb
gvgyb, Qv bZvdi `mAvng` Dj cgyL DcwZ wQj b |
Avj vKwP c`kbxZ evcK bvi x-wk -cyi l AskMnY Ki Qb| c`kbxPj weKj mvo Pvi Uvch|
wmwcwe mvavi Y mv`K ej b, hvi vgyw hyi PZbvi K_vej wKi vxq Pvi g~j bxwZi K_vgyLI DPvi Y Ki bvZvi vnQ
cZvi K| Kvi Y gyw hyi PZbvKLbvB Pvi i vxq gyj bxwZK ev` w`q evvevwqZ nZ cvi bv|
wZwb ej b, `kK mB avi vq GwMq wbq hZB gyw hyi mKj kw K HKenZ ne| mvgvRev` evgj ev`i Zve`vwi
Ki gyw hyi PZbvevevqb Ki vme bv| ZYg~j chvq I Ni Ni G j MYRvMi Y Mo Zvj Z ne|

wZc~i Y Av`vqi wb`k MYUvBeybvj i
Aea KgKv e bvKi j wekevsK-AvBGgGd-GwWweK `k QvoZ ne


27
GKZvcwZe`K : `ki Kwl , wk , wkv, cvU, evsK, Rvj vwb I ^vmn wewf bLvZ RvZxq ^v_wei vaxci vgkw`q wecyj
cwi gvY wZi `vq wekevsK-AvBGgGd-GwWwei KvQ_K wZc~i Y Av`vqi Rbmi Kvi i cwZ wb`k w`qQ`ki wewk
bvMwi K`i wbq MwVZ MYAv`vj Z| GKBmRvZxq ^v_wei vaxZrci Zve bvKi j Gme msvK evsj v`k _K weZvi Yi I
i vq w`qQUvBeybvj | MZ 1 wWm^i RvZxq cmKve wgj bvqZb AbywZ MY bvbxkl G i vq `qvnq|
MYAv`vj Z cavb wePvi Ki `vwqZcvj b Ki b mywcg KvU i Avwcj wef vMi Aemi cv wePvi cwZ gynv` Mvj vg i vevbx|
Zvi mwePvi Ki Avmb wQj b wkvwe` wmi vRyj Bmj vg Payi x, mvsevw`K mq` Aveyj gKmy`, Kvgvj j vnvbx, cKkj xkL
gynv` knx`yj vn, AavcK AvKgj nvmb Ges K_vmvwnwZK mwj bvnvmb| bvbxZ 7wULvZ MZ wZb `kK wekevsK,
AvRvwZK gy`vZwnej (AvBGgGd) Ges Gkxq Dbqb evsKi (GwWwe)i `qvwewf bkZI ci vgki bwZevPK cf ve Zzj ai
Gi cwZKvi cv_bvKi vnq| c_Kf ve Awf hvMj vD vcb Ki b Kwl wel q Rvbvq` mvwK, wk LvZ AavcK GgGg
AvKvk, cvULvZ kvn Avj g, wkvLvZ eRj yi i kx` wdi vR, Avw_K LvZ W. gCbyj Bmj vg, ^vLvZ Wv. gvkZvK nvmb
Ges Rvj vwb LvZ AavcK Avbygynv`|
MYAv`vj Zi wePvi Ki vRvbvb, mki xi nvwRi nq A_evcwZwbwa cvwVq D vwcZ Awf hvMi Reve `qvi RbwZbwUFY`vZv
msvi evsj v`k cavb`i KvQbvwUk cvVvbvnj I Zv`i KD bvbxZ nvwRi nbwb| G Kvi Y Zv`i AbycwwZZB wePvi
KvR mbKi vnq| wePvi Kvj Zv`i Rbmsi wZ Avmbj vduvKvi vLvnq|
wekevsK-AvBGgGd-GwWwei wei Kwl , f ~wg, cvwb I mvgwMK cwi ekMZ wechq, AcqvRbxq FYi evSvPvwcq my`
cwi kvai bvg wecyj cwi gvY A_cvPvi , RvZxq mgZvasm, cwi Kw Zf ve cvUwk asm, wei vxqKi Yi bvg `kxq wk
LvZ asm, evswKs LvZ we`wk AvwacZcwZv, msvi i bvg ci vgkK wbqvMKi wecyj cwi gvY A_eq, wkvI ^vK
evwYwRK cYcwi YZ Ki v, `wi `gvbyl i Rbi vxq mevi c_ e Ges `kxq cwZvbK AKvhKi Ki `ki Rvj vwb m`
we`wk`i nvZ Zvj `qvi Awf hvMAvbvnq|
MYUvBezbvj evw`c _K 7wUAwf hvMZyj ai vnq| i Z `ki RbMYi c MYmsnwZ Av`vj b Ges Kl K-gRzi
msnwZi AvnvqK Rvbvq` mvwK wekevsK, AvBGgGd GwWwe I Zv`i mnhvMx`i ci vgk, bxwZ, FY, Pvc cK I msvi i
Kvi Y evsj v`ki Kwl LvZ hf ve wechq nqQZvZyj 4wUAwf hvMZyj ai b| evw`i c _K ej vnq, G wZbwUmsvi
Kvi Y `ki Kwl , f ~wg, cvwb I cwi eki wechq nqQ, Kwl LvZ AcqvRbxq FYi evSvGes mz` cwi kvai bvg weczj A_
cvPvi nqQ, Kwl LvZ RvZxq mgZvasmnqQGes vbxq vb I KZZ_K Kl K`i DQ` Ges Ki cvi UczuwRi
AvwacZnqQ|
cvq wZb NUvai Gme Awf hvMkvbvi ci wePvi cwZ Mvj vg i evbxej b, wekevsK-GwWwe I AvBgGd e`wkK mvnvhi
j vf `wLq ^vaxb mvef g evsj v`ki I ci MYwei vaxKkj Pvwj qQ| G Dbqb Kkj DP cewI `vwi ` nvmi
D ki K_vej vnj I Gme Pvwcq `qvbxwZgvj vGes wewf bcK i dj `ki wZ nqQ| GKi ci GK Pvj yi vq
Kj -Kvi Lvbve nqQ, cvwb, we`yr I mvi mn me cY`ei `vg eoQGes gvMZ Kg UvKvw`q ewk UvKvmy` I ci vgkK
wd wnme AbK UvKvwbq MQ| Avi ZvB G cwZvb I evsj v`ki hme bvMwi K wekevsK Ges Zv`i mnhvMx`i Gme
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MYUvBeybvj i wePvi K`i i vq
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KwgwUMwVZ nq| AZ:ci cwZ KwgwUi m`me` evsj v`ki wewf bAj i f z f vMxRbMYi KvQ_K Awf hvMmg~n msMn
Ki b Ges GQvovI wewf bchvq Abymvb I Mel Yvcwi Pvj bvKi vnq Ges Z_vw` msMn Ki vnq| GB mei wf wZ 7wU
Awf hvMbvgvcZ Ki vnq Ges mj vUvBeybvj K AMxg `qvnq|
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AvBGgGd XvKvAwdmi i wmW wi cRbUwUf I GwWwe XvKvAwdmi KvwUwWi i K GB ggbvwUk `qvnq|
MYUvBeybvj KZK h bvbxAbywZ nZ hvQ, ZvZ AvZc mg_bi RbZvi vevZv`i cwZwbwai vhb DcwZ _vKb|
Ab_vq GKZi dv bvbxAbywZ ne| UvBeybvj i wbKUckKZ G mg^vI Z__K G K_vcgvwYZ nqQh wekevsK
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^vaxb mvef g evsj v`ki mi Kvi mg~ni Dci RbMYi ^v_wei vaxabxAwf gyLxI MYwei vaxGK Dbqb Kkj Pvwcq
w`qQ| GB Dbqb Kkj DP cewI `vwi `nvmi D ki K_vej vnj I Gme Pvwcq `I qvbxwZgvj vI wewf bcK i
dj Ges vbxq mnhvMx`i `ygi `i Y G `ki A_bwZK cewZ AwaKvsk gvbyl Zv`i bvhAskMnYi myhvM_K
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28
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GB UvBeybvj gb Ki h Gme asmvZK bxwZ, cK I eAvBbxKvhKj vci dj wekvj Avw_K I mvgvwRK wZ mvwaZ nqQ|
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Zv`vq wnmve cwi kva Ki Z ne| GB UvBeybvj wekevsK I Zvi mnhvMx`i mwwj Zf ve Gme wZ I Aci vai Rb`vl x
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hnZzG`k wbR`i I wbR`i wbqK cf z`i GRvKvhKi xKi vi Rb i _KB wekevsK I Zvi mnhvMxmsMVbmg~n
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Dchy kvwweavbi Rbmi Kvi K wb`k `qvnQ|

Avvf vi Z, KvVMovq cvwKvb dvq`vj yUQ
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Avgv`i nvZ cwi vi | Dchy Z_cgvY nvwRi Ki vnvK| `vl vi ci GB weZKD nq DVQcvwKvb-f vi Z mK| Df q
`ki mxgvwei vR Ki QPi g DRbv|
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ewni vMZ DMcxnvgj vB bq, GbwWG _K BDwcG mi Kvi me Avgj B, `ki gamvc`vwqK AvgY VKvZ e_nqQ


29
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evg bZe` ej Qb, GZveo GKwUNUbvq K c`ZvMKi j mUvKvbveo wel q bq| MvUvwbi vcveevK Xj mvRvZ
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nvgj vK K`Ki i vRbxwZZ `j xq myweavAv`vqi Lj vf vj vK PvL `LQbvf vi Zi evgbZZ|
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nvgj vi BmyK mvgb i L g~j Z Zvi e cyi vbvLvqk wgwUq wbZ PvKi Qb| A_vr wbRi cQ`i j vKRbK RvqMvgZ
ewmq `qvi PvKi Qb gbvgvnb wms|
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BZvgaB f vi Z _K we`k mwPe wke ki gbb Do MQb gvwKb gyj yK|
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ej AxKvi Ki wQj b| cvK-f vi Z DRbvi cwi wwZZ I evgvmB c_KB ckKi Z eej gb Ki b wekl Ki v|
f vi Z Gi AvMI Rwnvgj vnqQZe GZvevcK gv vq nqwb| Gi Kg evcKgv vi Rwnvgj v`LvMQmvcwZKKvj
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f vi Z-gvwKb ci gvYyPzw ^vi i wVK AvMB AvdMvwbvb Kvey j i f vi Z`~Zvevmeo i Kgi nvgj vPvj vq Rwi v| AvMAek
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AbK i vRbwZK wekl K|

AvRvwZK evRvi AaK bvgj I `k Kge bv
mvi i `vg
GKZvcwZe`K : AvRvwZK evRvi mvi i `vg AaK bg Gj I `k `vg Kgvbvi wPvKi Qbvmi Kvi | dj MZ eQi i
Pq wY `vgB mvi wKbZ ne Kl KK| g~j Zt evRUi I ci f ZywKi Pvc KgvZB ewaZ `vg mvi mi ei vn AevnZ i vLvne
ej A_gYvj q m~ RvbvMQ|
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chnvmcqQ| Gi gawc I Mvbyj vBDwi qvi `vg mePq ewk nvmcqQ| mekl cvI qvZ_`LvMQ, AvRvwZK
evRvi eZgvb wc BDwi qvcwZ Ub 2k80 _K 3k30 Wj vi Ki wew nQ| gacvPi i dZvwbKvi K `kj vZ Mvbzj v
BDwi qvmvi cwZ Ub wew nQ3k45 _K 3k50 Wj vi Ki | Pj wZ eQi i Ryb gvmGme evRvi cwZ gwUK Ub mvi i `vg
wQj 7kWj vi i I ewk|
AvRvwZK evRvi `vg eo hvI qvq f Zz wKi Pvc KgvZ mi Kvi Pj wZ eQi me i Kg mvi i `vg wYi I ewk wbavi Y Ki Q|
MZ eQi `k cwZ evBDwi qvmvi i `vg wQj 2k95 UvKv| Pj wZ eQi `vg evwoq c wZ evq 6k60 UvKvwbavi Y Ki v
nqQ|
MZ KqK gvmAvRvwZK evRvi `vg Kg Avmvq Pj wZ A_eQi mvi i Dci mi Kvi i f ZywK evcK nvi Kg Avme| MZ
Ryb evRUcYqbi mgq AvRvwZK evRvi mvi i g~j ewi cvcUG LvZ 3 nvRvi 6k88 KvwUUvKvf ZywK wbavi Y Ki v
nq| eZgvb AvRvwZK evRvi `vg Kg Avmvq f ZywKi cwi gvY 2 nvRvi KvwUUvKvi wbP bg Avme ej mswki vgb
Ki Qb|


30
Ze f ZzwKi cwi gvY Kgj I AvcvZZ `k mvi i `vg KgvQbvmi Kvi | RvbvMQ, wekevsK-AvBGgGdmn `vZvmsvj vi
KvQ_K FY cZ avi vevwnKf ve wewf bLvZ `qvf ZywKi cwi gvY Kwgq dj vnQ| G Aevq mvi Avg`vwbZ eq Kg
hvI qvG cwqvK mnR Ki e ej gb Ki Qb| bxwZ-wbavi Ki v| G Kvi YB mvi i `vg bvKwgq f ZywKi Pvc KgvbvKB kq
gb Ki Qb Zvi v|

cwi enY kwgK bZv`i mgZwewbgq Abyvb wmwcwe mf vcwZ
mvgwMK mUwbi mb `kK gyw hyi PZbvq wdwi q wbZ ne
GKZvcwZe`K : evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwU(wmwcwe) mf vcwZ gbRyi j Avnmvb Lvb ej Qb, hyvci vaxi vRvKvi I wek
envqv^i vPvi K wbq RvU-gnvRvUi i vRbwZK gi Ki Yi gvag gZv`Lj i c_ Zwi nj I `ki gvbyl i gwj K
msKUwbi mb ZvKvbvcf ve dj e bv| ei s G ai bi bxwZ I Av`knxb Zrci ZvAmyI i Mi vRbxwZKB Avi vkw kvj x
Ki e| mvgwMK mUwbi mb `kK gyw hi PZbvq wdwi q wbZ ne| G Rb mevi AvMcqvRb 72-Gi msweavb
cybtcwZv| MZ 1 wWm^i i vRavbxi wj vb evsj v`k moK cwi enY kwgK BDwbqb Gi Kvhvj q beg RvZxq msm` wbevPb
wbq cwi enY kwgK bZv`i mgZ wewbgqKvj wZwb G K_vej b|
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nvgj vi gaw`q Zvi vgyw hyi PZbvweb Ki vi cPvPvwj qQ| Gi AvMgj ev`xi vmKj f vhf dj vi cKvkgwK
w`j I mi Kvi Zv`i wei Kvbveevbqwb| Gf ve i v i KvQ_K ckq cqB GB Ackw gk eci vqvnq DVQ|
RvgvZmn gj ev`xi vGKw`K `kK mvc`vwqK `k wnme wPwZ Ki vi PvKi Q, Abw`K gyw hyi PZbvi wei
Aevb wbqQ| `ki gvbyl K HKef ve GB Ackw K cwZnZ Ki Z ne| AvMvgxwbevPb MYi vqi gvag Gme
ceYZvK cZvLvb Ki Z ne| wmwcwe mf vcwZ ej b, `ki eo `y B eyRvqv`j weGbwc I AvI qvgxj xM aygv gZv`Lj i
Rbme i Kg i vRbwZK Av`kI mswZ Rj vwj w`q i vRvKvi I cwZZ ^i vPvi K Kvj Ub wbqQ| ayZvB bq ewk
myweavw`q NwYZ Ackw K Lywk Ki vi I cwZhvwMZvPj Q| i vRbwZK Av`kweewRZ G ai bi ceYZv`kK Avi vmsKUi
w`Z wbq hve| gZwewbgq mf vq cwi enY kwgK`i wewf bmsMVbi bZe` DcwZ wQj b|

wekevsKi mgvj vPbvq eemvqxbZvi v
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evsj v`k G `ywUeRvwZK FY`vZvmsvi wewf bkZI ci vgkmKcwZev`, cwZwqvI mgvj vPbv i nj I mcwZ
Gmei wei wewf bgnj i Rvi vj vAevb nq DVQ| `ki evgcxi vRbwZK `j , A_bxwZwe` I AvRvwZK evwYR
wekl i ve AvM_KB wekevsK-AvBGgGdi Pvwcq `I qvbxwZK `ki ^v_wei vaxwnme Awf wnZ Ki AvmQb|
mekl `ki eemvqxI wk cwZ`i kxl msMVbj vi bZvi vI `vZvmsvj vi wb`wkZ bxwZi KVvi mgvj vPbvKi Qb|
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evqbi wel qwUB cavb nq DVQ| G Kvi YB mvgvbFYi wewbgq GK kZc~i Yi AvMB mi Kvi i I ci Avi KwUPvwcq
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cqvRbxq A_hvMvb `qwb FY`vZvi v| Zv`i ci vgkAbyhvqxmsvi Kgm~wP evevqb Pvc gvMZ ewcj I cwZeQi B
KgQmvnvhi cwi gvY| `ki A_bwZK cewARb I `vwi `wbi mb Kkj i cvkvcvwk `yb xwZ, mykvmb, Rvj vwb Zj i
g~j ew, Kwl , wk , mevLvZ, evswKs eev, gy`vbxwZ, we`yr, cvwb, hvMvhvM, i j I qmn wewf bwel q Lvj vgj vf ve bvbvkZ
Pvwcq w`qQ`vZvi v|
`vZv`i kZevevqb Ki Z wMq BwZga`ki cvUmn AwaKvsk i vvq wk Kvi Lvbve Ki vnqQ| QuvUvB Ki vnqQ
i vvq cwZvbi cvq AvovB j vL kwgK-KgPvi x| Mvm-we`yr-cvwb-Rvj vwbi `vg ewKi Kwl I wk LvZ bwZevPK cf ve
dj vnqQ| `vZv`i ci vgkf vMcYevRvi RvZKi Yi hveZxq eevemi Kvwi LvZ Qo `I qvnqQ| MZ KqK eQi
j vMvgnxb g~j ewi GwUGKwUi Zc~YKvi Y ej AbKB gb Ki b| Kwl Drcv`bi DcKi Y mi ei vn eevcbv_K
mi Kvi i f ~wgKvnvmKi vq eo MQDrcv`b Li P| wbwePvi KvVvgvnvmKi vq we`wk cYi KvQgvi LvQ`kxq wk |
Gi weci xZ `vZv`i Ggb KvbI ci vgkbBhvevevwqZ nI qvq `ki A_bxwZZ Dj LhvM KvbI BwZevPK cf ve
coQ|
dj ek wKQzKvj ai B wewf bgnj `vZv`i f ~wgKvwbq ckDVZ i Ki | evsj v`k wekevsK-AvBGgGdi Zrci Zv i
nI qvi ci _KB Aek`ki evgcxi vRbwZK `j j vGme msvi wei Zv`i Aevb Ki Q| I B mgq kxl vbxq


31
A_bxwZwe`i vI wbwePvi `vZv`i kZevevqbi wec Zv`i gZvgZ e Ki Qb| Ze BZvc~egZvq AwawZ i vRbwZK
`j j vme mgqB `vZv`i wb`wkZ c_B `ki A_bxwZK cwi Pvwj Z Ki Q| wK Zv`i Pvwcq `I qvbxwZ evevwqZ
nI qvq A_bxwZZ BwZevPK KvbI cf ve Zvci B wb, ei s MZ KqK eQi A_bxwZi cwZwU bwZevPK Aev nq
DVQ| G Kvi YB wewf bgnj gk wekevsK-AvBGgGdi wewf bkZ, ci vgkI wb`kbvi wei mgvj vPbvi gv vcej
nQ| mcwZ `ki 14wUkxl eemvqxmsMVb ci ci `ywUweewZ w`q wekevsK I AvBGgGdi bxwZi KVvi mgvj vPbvKi
Zv_K ewi q Avmvi Rbmi Kvi i cwZ Avnvb RvwbqQ| Gi AvM`ki kxl vbxq Mel YvcwZvb mUvi di cwj wm
Wvqj M(wmwcwW) AvBGgGdi mbZzb KvbI Pzw bvKi vi Rbmi Kvi i cwZ Rvi vj vAvnvb Rvbvq| mekl evsj v`ki
A_bxwZ wbq cKvwkZ wekevsKi cwZe`b mK ZxecwZwqve Ki Qb eemvqxbZvi v| wekvsK-AvBGgGdi wei
Aevb MnYKvi xeemvqxbZvi vRvwbqQb, eemvqxmc`vq Gi AvMvbxq wk i weKvk mdMvWgRvmmn i vR^I
Abvb myhvM-myweavc`vbi gvag h_vh_ mnvqZv`I qvi mycvwi k Ki wQj | Gme c`c MnY Ki AbK `k i dZvwb
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MYmsnwZ Av`vj bi Rvbvq` mvKx, MYZvwK wecexcvwUi kwn`yj Bmj vg meyR, evm`i i RvDi i wk` Lvb, cKkj xg.
Bbvgyj nK, kvn Avj g, Rvnvxi mwj g cmDcwZ wQj b|
msev` mj b ej vnq, eZgvb wekRvj vwb m` geagvb msKUI Awi ZvZwi Ki Q| GB m` LyeB K`xf ~Z| 10Uv
`k kZKi vcvq 80 f vMZj , Ges gv KqKwU`k Mvmi GKUvwei vUAsk K`xf ~Z| Zvi I ci Avevi cvq 10Uv
eRvwZK Kvvwb GB Rvj vwb m`i GKUveo Ask wbqY Ki Q| mvgvRev` Avi Zvi g~Z i c eRvwZK Kvvwb mvi v
weki Zj -Mvm, Kqj vm` Zv`i wbqY AvbZ hyasmmewKQzB Ki Q| Gi cvkvcvwk AvQwekevsK Mvxi Dbqb
bxwZgvj vi gaw`q eRvwZK cuywRi `Lj I KZZwbi zk Ki evi wewaeev| evsj v`k GZ AvZmgcY Ki e bvwK AvZghv`v
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wbf i Ki |
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RvnvRi m`nRbK MwZwewa, AbycekI gvbyl i PvL Govevi gZvbq| wKGB mgy`evsj v`ki mv_ weki hvMvhvM
gvag, GB mgy`wecyj RvbvARvbvm`i Avavi Ges AvBbwmmxgvq RbMYi KZZGB mgy`GB `ki mvef gZi
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KqvbGbvwRmvyMvm mKf ~j Z_w`qQGes MvmDvj bi Li P mKI GKvwaevi gv vwZwi wnmve w`qQ|


32
GLb Avevi Mvmi `vg ewi Rb bvbvf ve Pvc w`Q| Gmei RbKqvbGbvwRGes mswk `wk ew mg~ni wei
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dzj evwo Pzw evevqbmn hme gx, Avgj v, Kbmvj UvUI eemvqxRvZxq m` j ybg~j K Pzw mv`b I Zvi vwb bvg cvPvi
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Ki b| RbMYi `vexbvgvevevqbi AxKvi Ki RbMYi c Aevb cwi vi Ki b|

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cKZ NUbvD`NvUbi `vwe RvwbqQwmwcwei
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Ki Q| ZvB `Z NUbvi Z`I cKZ Kvi Y `kevmxK RvbvbvRi wi | weewZZ gvnv` b~i j Bmj vgi mywPwKrmvi wel q
h_vh_ eevbI qvi Rbmi Kvi i cwZ Avnvb Rvbvb|
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cwe C`yj AvRnvi f Qv
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mv`K

Kgi Wgvnv` di nv` moK Dvab
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mv`K nvmb LvKv| G mgq Kgi Wdi nv`i eo evb wmw KvLvZzb, evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwU(wmwcwe)i mvavi Y mv`K
gyRvwn`yj Bmj vg mwj g, K`xq bZvi wnb nvmb wc, Avnmvb nvwee j vej y, Kgi WgwY wmsn-di nv` wZ Uvi mvavi Y
mv`K kLi `, kwgKbZvWv. I qvR`yj Bmj vg, Aveyj Kvj vg AvRv`, mvwn`vcvi wf b wkLv, WvKmyi mveK wRGmgvneye
Rvgvb, mveK Qv bZvKvgi j Avnmvb Lvb, kvwcwi l ` bZvkI KZ nvmbmn cqvZ Kgi Wgvnv` di nv`i ^Rbi v,
wmwcwe Ges wmwUKi cvi kbi KgKZvi vDcwZ wQj b|
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I mgvRZcwZvi AbZg cwZ, exi gyw hyv, evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwUi mveK mvavi Y mv`K Kgi Wgvnv` di nv`
5 Ryj vB 1938- G RbMnY Ki b Ges 1987 mvj i 9 Avei gZzei Y Ki b| `k I RvwZi cwZ Zvi Ae`vbi ^xKwZ ^i c
XvKvwmwUKi cvi kb Kgi Wgvnv` di nv`i bvg avbgw 11/G moKi bvgKi Y Ki Q|

`wevi wmwmwWGi Awf be cwZ


33
mvb wRwKi wKwAv`vqi Pv!
Ko bqvnqQ nvwo cvwZj , Rvj , Lyj bqvnqQPvj
G K Gg dRj yj Avgxb Lvb i vmj , `exvi (Kzwgj v) _K : Kzwgj vi `exvi ci Gj vKvi gwi PvKv`vMvgi cyi vbx`vmi
Ni `yw`b Pzj vq Avb Rj wb, Aavnvi Avi Abvnvi KvUvZ nqQMZ 4 w`b| Kvi Y mUvi di KwgDwbwUWf j cgvU
GwmmUU(wmwmwWG) bvg GKwUGbwRI _K Dvj bKZ FYi 6000 UvKvi kl wKwi gv 296 UvKvMZ kwbevi (29
bf ^i cwi kva Ki vi K_vwQj | I B UvKvmgqgZvcwi kva Ki Z bvcvi vq I B GbwRI i gvVKgxdvi RvbvAv vi i vbvNi i
Pvi wUWKwP Ges cvwb LvI qvi GKgv Gj ywgwbqvgi RMmn Avby gvwbK gyj cvq 500 UvKvi gvj vgvj wbq hvq| ci w`b i veevi
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nvZ cvq ai 40 UvKvRgvw`qI 1000 UvKv`vgi Rvj wUDvi Ki i vLvhvqwb| DvgKxw`q hvq AvMvgxkwbevi i
gaevKx256 UvKvRgvbvw`j Zvi Ni i Pvj vLyj be| ZvB Zvi vAvZwZ, cvUkvUcovh KB I B evoxZ Gj B
bZRvbynq ej b, Avcbv`i cvq awi Avi gv `yw`b mgq w`b|
Aci w`K gwi PvK`vmi Kvi xcv_wgK we`vj qi c_g kYxi Qv ej vB `vm(8) K MZ 20 bf ^i GbwRI KgxRvgvj nvmb
Lvb Zzj wbq gyi v`bMi wmwmwWG Kvhvj q wbq AvUK i vL| Aci va Zvi gvgvj Zxi vbx`vmI B GbwRI i mvvwnK wKwi 400
UvKvcwi kva Ki Z cvi wb ZvB Zvi cy K wRvKi I B UvKvAv`vqi Kkj Aej ^b Ki ej Zvi cvwi evwi K m~ Rvbvq|
msev` cq cy K Qvwoq AvbZ wMq wkeyP``vm(48) AwdmMj ZvK I AvUK Ki i vL| ci vbxq`i mnhvMxZvq
Zv`i Qvwoq wbq Avbvi Rb1 mvn mgq bq| FYi UvKvcwi kva Ki Z wMq wi vPvj K BqvKze Avj xi xL`RveMg
Ni i Pvj vi GKvsk wew Ki Aci GK Pvj vi wbP AwZK gvbeZi Rxeb hvcb Ki Q|
26 Avei mKvj I B Mvg wMq vbxq I f y f vMx`i mv_ K_vej Rvbvhvq| cyi vbxRvbvb, i vbvi me WK WKwP wbq
hvI qvi Kvi Y 2 w`b i vbvKi Z cvwi wb| 2 w`b LvBwb| KbvLvevi Lq AvwQ| mvab P``vmRvbvb, Zvi GKgv DcvRbi
Rvj wUwbq hvq| hvi dj 4 w`b ai Zvi KvR e| gvj Zxi vbxRvbvb, Avwg wbqwgZ wKwcwi kva Ki _vKj I Avgvi GKwU
wKww`Z `wi nq hvI qvq GbwRI KgxAvgvi Qj K wbq AwdmNi AvUK i vL | GZ mGKwUci xvw`Z cvi bvB|
mw`b Zvi evsj vci xvwQj | wi vPvj K BqvKze Avj xRvbvb, FYi `vqgy nZ Ni i GK Pvj vwew Ki Z evanqwQ|
Gevcvi gvVKgx dvi RvbvAv vi i mv_ hvMvhvMKi j wZwb NUbvi mZZv^xKvi Ki ej b h, I i vwKww`Z AvgvK
AbK Nywi qQ Ges AbK K w`qQAvgvK| Avwg AwdmK wel qwUeySvZ cvwi bvB| ZvB evanq WK WKwP Ges Rvj
wbq Zvi cwZekxgyi xAvbvqvi vi KvQRgvi vwL| mwKbe ej I wKbwb| Gw`K UvKvI cvwQbv, msKUAvwQ|
G evcvi Rvgvj Lvbi mv_ hvMvhvMKi vi PvKi j ZvK cvI qvhvq wb| Ze gyi v`bMi wmwmwWGi eev&cK i wdKzj
Bmj vg mvne Rvbvb, G NUbvmc~Ywg_vI evbvqvU, Gwel q AvgvK KDwKQzRvbvqwb| Rvgvj LvbK cvq GKgvmc~e
i vgP`cyi e`j xKi vnqP| Kvb wk K wRwKi UvKvAv`vqi wel qwUwg_v| `wevi kvLvi eevcK ewki Avng` Rvbvb,
Avwg QzwUZ wQj vg, Avgvi Kgxdvi RvbvAv vi wKwi UvKvi RbKi vi nvwo cvwZj wKsevRvj wbq GmQG wel q Kvb
Awf hvMcvB bvB|

ej vKvf vhf vsPzi i Zxewb`vRvwbqQwmwcwe
evsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwU(wmwcwe)i mf vcwZ gbRyi j Avnvmvb Lvb I mvavi Y mv`K gyRvwn`yj Bmj vg mwj g GK weewZZ
gwZwSj wegvb f ebi mvgb ej vKvf vhf vsPzi i NUbvq Zxewb`vRvwbqQb|
weewZZ bZe` ej b, AZxZi GBme gj ev`x`i `vg~j K kvw bv`qvi Kvi YB Zvi vGB ai bi bvkKZvg~j K KvR
Pvj vbvmvnmcqQ| bZe` Awej ^`ywZKvi x`i MdZvi I wePvi `vwe Ki b| wew|

`wevi gvbeeb
j vj b I ej vKvf vhGes RvZxq Kwe bRi j Bmj vgi QweZ Kvwj j cbi cwZev` `wevi D`xwP wk xMvw I `wevi
Di xq KweZvcl ` `wevi DcRj vcwi l ` I gyw hvvPi gvbe eb I cwZev` mgvek Ki Q|
eyaevi mKvj AvqvwRZ gvbeeb I cwZev` mgvek AskMnYKvi xi vwewf bkvMvb j Lvdyb enb Ki Ges f vh f vb
I Kvwj j cb RwoZ`i wei kvw`vexKi | Gmgq mgeZ`i D ke ei vLb gvnveye nvmvb i vbv, wi qv` L`Kvi ,
Avbvqvi cvi f R, Avwi dzi i ngvb, bvRgyj Avj g, KvDQvi cvi f R, AwbK cvVvb cgyL| wew|



34
wmwcwe cvnvoZj x_vbvi cwZev` mgvek
wmwcwe cvnvoZj x_vbvi D`vMi j kwgK`i cwZev` mgvek kwgK bZvAveyeKi wmw Ki mf vcwZZcvnvoZj xi j kwgK
BDwbqb Kvhvj q AbywZ nq| mf vq AwZw_ wnme DcwZ wQj b wmwcwe PMvg Rj vi mf vcwZ gbvj Payi x| mgvek e e
i vLb, cvwUi cvnvoZj x_vbvi mf vcwZ Avwgbyj Bmj vg Lvb, mvavi Y mv`K mv`K Payi x, Avj xGi kv`, ej vj wgqv, nvi b-
Ai -i wk`, mq` nvmb, gQi g Avj x, Ave`yj AvDqvj cgyL|
mf vq e vi vWs evs U UvBj wgj 27 Avei m~YeAvBbxf ve Zvj vSzwj q `qvi Zxewb`vRvbvb Ges Awej ^wgj Lyj
`qvi Ges kwgK`i cvI bvcwi kva Ki vi `vwe Rvbvb|

kwgKbZvcvi f Ri Kvi vgyw
bvi vqYM msev``vZv: bvi vqYM KvVi cvj wk Aj i UvBg mvqUvi -Gi kwgKbZvcvi f R `xN 24w`b Kvi vf vMi ci
MZ 1 wWm^i 08 bvi vqYM Rj MU_K gyw j vf Ki b| Rj _K gy nqB wZwb msw c_mf vq e ZvKi b| e Zvq
cvi f R Awej ^Kvi LvbvLyj `qvmn kwgK`i eKqvcvI bvcwi kva Ki vi `vwe Rvbvb| msw GB c_mf vq Ab`i gvS
bvi vqYM wmwcwe, wUBDwmI wewf bMvgUi bZe` DcwZ wQj b|

evDdj Kl K mwgwZi KwgwUMVb
evsj v`k Kl K mwgwZ, evDKj (cUzqvLvj x) DcRj vKwgwUi D`vMweMZ 7 bf ^i evDdj m`i BDwbqbi cwg evDdj
i wR: cv_wgK we`vj q cvY Kl K mf vAbywZ nq| mf vq mf vcwZZKi b Ave`yj evi K PwK`vi | e ei vLb myi vZ Avj x
gav, Lwj j yi i ngvb Ges i Zb Avj x|
Kl K mgvRi mgmvGes mgvavbi Dcvq mKwevwi Z Avj vPbvKi b cexY Kl K bZvgvKQ`yi i ngvb, Kl K mwgwZi
evDdj DcRj vi mf vcwZ Ave`yj AvwR `yqvi x, Kl K mwgwZ cUzqvLvj xRj vi mf vcwZ kvnveyw b Avng`| mf vq wei b
gvj vKvi K mf vcwZ Ges dvi K gavK mvavi Y mv`K Ki 35 m`mi GKwUKwgwUMVb Ki vnq| wew|

Qv BDwbqb
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wi sKzPayi xmf vcwZZmj b e ei vLb wmwcwe Rj vKwgwUi mf vcwZ wPi b Zvj yK`vi , mvavi Y mv`K i ngvb wgRvb,
D`xPxi Rj vKwgwUi mf vcwZ weRb mb i vq, Qv bZvMvj vg Kwei mygb, mwj g Avng`, mZwRr AvPvhP`b, bi b f vPvh,
i vmj Payi x, i j `vKbb cgyL| mj b wi sKzPayi xK mf vcwZ, wnZvs Zvj yK`vi K mvavi Y mv`K Ki 29 m`mi
kni KwgwUMVb Ki vnq| wew|

Qv BDwbqb
PuvcvBbeveM Kgxmf v
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mvi I qvi Rvwgj , mvbyKgKvi , i vnvZ web Gmi ngvb, bvRgyj Avnmvb, kwi dzj Bmj vg, i vdmvbhvwb, dqmvj Avng` cgyL|
mf vq i weDj AvI qvj i weK mf vcwZ I Rvwn`yj Bmj vg mwReK mvavi Y mv`K Ki 15 m`mi PuvcvBbeveM kni msm`
MVb Ki vnq| wew

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GBWmw`emDcj Avj vPbvmf vi AvqvRb Ki vnq| msMVbi ZRMuvI Avwj K kvLvi mf vcwZ AvKwj gvAv vi Wwj
mf vcwZZmf vq e ei vLb mvLvI qvZ nvmb, bvwmgvAvKZvi , Rwi b cgyL|



35
kvK msev`
wmwcwe f vvDcRj vKwgwUi mf vcwZi gZz
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eqmnqwQj 65 eQi |
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j vqK Zuvi gZzZ kvK cKvk Ki Qb I kvK m cwi evi i cwZ mge`bvvcb Ki Qb| wew|

kvK msev`
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cexY KwgDwb gvt nvweeyi i ngvb nvwee gyw, MZ 30 bf ^i gnki `xZuvi wbR Mvg evaKRwbZ Kvi Y gZzei Y Ki b|
gZzKvj Zuvi eqmnqwQj 86 eQi | wZwb 4 Qj I 3 gqmn AmsL f vbyavqxi L MQb| Zuvi gZzZ f vsMvDcRj v
Pqvi gvb c`cv_xmyaxb mi Kvi gj mn f vsMvDcRj vI dwi `ci Rj vwmwcwei bZe` Mf xi kvK cKvk Ki b Ges kvK
m cwi evi i cwZ mge`bvRvbvb| wew|


Di vj i gvVKvZ cqvRb Kgmsvb
GKZvcwZe`K : i scyi , MvBevv, j vj gwbi nvU, KzwoMvg, bxj dvgvi x, VvKzi MuvI qi wexYGj vKvRyo cwZeQi B Avwkb-KvwZK
gvmLv`vf ve `Lv`q| I B Aj G mgq KvbI KvR-Kgbv_vKvq Amnvq nq co `wi `gvbyl | Ze mi Kvi i bvbvgyLx
D`vMi Kvi Y Gevi cwi wwZ AZvUvLvi vc ne bvej AvkvKi vnQ|
wewf bcwi msLvb _K RvbvMQ, Di ei eni i scyi I w`bvRcyi Aj i 2 KvwU10 j vL gvbyl i gacvq 90 j vL gvbyl
b`xf vOb I Af vei Kvi Y f ~wgnxb| GLvbKvi 95 kZvsk gvbyl Mvg evmKi | G Aj i 55 kZvsk gvbyl ZgRyi , 27
kZvsk kwgK, 10 kZvsk cvwK Kl K, 6 kZvsk z`eemvqxGes 2 kZvsk Abvbckvi mhy |
RvbvMQ, ayi scyi -w`bvRcyi Aj B bq Di vj i 11wURj vi 94wUDcRj vqB Kg-ewk Af ve wei vR Ki Q| KvR bv
_vKvq Lv`vf ve ayuKQ37 j vL cwi evi | f v`gvmi game RwgZ avb i vcY kl nqQ| KvUv i ne AMnvqY| dj `xN
`yB-AvovB gvmKgnxb _vKZ nq w`b Gb w`b LvI qvZgRyi `i | cvwK Kl Ki Ni Lv`kmi gRy`I kl nq hvq| Kwl i
mRwoZ AbvbkwgKI G mgq eKvi nq co| Gme Kvi Y mgMDi ei cvq 3 KvwURbMvxi 2 KvwUgvbyl B bxi e
`ywf i wkKvi nq| Gi gaeni i scyi I w`bvRcyi Aj i 1 KvwU40 j vL gvbyl mePq `ywel n Aevq wbcwZZ|
A_bxwZwe`i vgb Ki b, Di vj i `vwi `i g~j Kvi Y vqxKgmsvbi Af ve| i vRavbx_K `~i Z, bc_i ^ Zv, hgybv
b`xi Kvi Y `ki AbvbAj _K wewQbZvGes KKi hvMvhvMeevi Kvi Y AZxZKvj _KB G Gj vKvq Zgb Kvb
wk -Kvi LvbvMo DVwb| b_ej ccvi wgj , wmi vRMi KI gxRyUwgj , KqKwUwPwbKj Ges wewo Kvi LvbvQvovG Aj
Dj LhvM KvbI wk Mo DVwb| Gi ga e Ki `I qvnqQb_ej ccvi wgj I i scyi wPwbKj | Abw`K
Pvi vPvj vbi gvag f vi Zxq cYi AvMgb, eo Kvvwbj vi mv_ cwZhvwMZvq wUKZ bvci MZ KqK eQi Di e
ZuvZmn cuvP j vwaK ew LvZi z`wk e nq MQ| dj GKgv Kwl i I ci wbf i Ki B Mo DVQGLvbKvi A_bxwZ|
hgybvmZzwbwgZ nI qvi ci I G Aevi Zgb cwi eZb Avmwb| b`xf vOb, FYi Rvj , Kwl Z j vKmvb BZvw` Kvi Y Rwgnvi v
w`bgRyi cwi YZ nqQG Aj i Awaevmx`i eo Ask| Avi KvR bv_vKj B Ni Ni `Lv`q ZxeAf ve|
Ze Pj wZ eQi i evRUgvgvKvej vq bvbvKgm~wP _vKvq cwi wwZi DbwZ ne ej AvkvKi vnQ| Gi gamvi v`ki
gZvDi vj I `wi ``i Rb100 w`bi KgmRb cK evevqb Ki vnQ| GQvovgvi Rbwekl cK I evevqb Ki v
nQ| mi Kvi xf ve I B Aj wekl FY Kgm~wP nvZ bqvnqQ| Ze mi Kvi i Gme Kgm~wP me `wi `i mgmvmgvavb Ki Z
cvi e wKbvmUvB GLb `Lvi wel q|
gvI `yhvMSuzwK nvmcK i Rbmi Kvi vY I cybevmb gYvj qi gvag G me Rj vq KqK KvwUUvKvei v Ki vnj I
ZvcKZ Mi xe gvbyl i KvR Avmwb| GKwUemi Kvwi Mel Yvmsvi Z_ `LvMQ, bxj dvgvi x, KzwoMvg, MvBevvq 93
kZvsk `wi `gvbyl B mi Kvi wKsevGbwRI `i mvnvhi AvI Zvq Avmwb| AbGKwURwi c `LvMQmi Kvwi mvnvhi gv 35
kZvsk gvcxwoZ gvbyl i KvQcuQ|


36
A_bxwZwe`i vgb Ki b, Di ei `wi `gvbyl `i euvPvZ nj eQi eQi vY w`q cwi wwZ gvKvej vi `wf wev` w`q G`i
RbvqxKgmsvbi myhvMmw Ki Z ne| G Aj Mo Zzj Z ne chv wk Kvi Lvbv| f v`gvm_K KvRi wewbgq Lv`
Kgm~wPZ chv ei v w`j Lv`vf ve cwi wwZi AbKUvB gvKvej vKi vme| GQvovKzwUi wk vcbi Rb nvZ-Kj g
cwkY, my`gy FY c`vb Ges Drcvw`Z cYevRvi RvZKi Yi eevKi AvZKgmsvbi myhvMmw Ki Z cvi j Di vj i
gvbyl i f vMi cwi eZb me|

msMvg cwi l `i gvbeeb Kgm~wPZ cywj wk nvgj v
C`i AvMevbvm, gRyi xI eZb cwi kvamn 10 `dv`vexZ MZ 1 wWm^i 08, Av`gRxKvUweRGgwmi cavb Kvhvj qi
mvgb cvU-myZv-eKj kwgK-KgPvwi msMvg cwi l `i gvbeebKgm~wP cvj b Ki Z Mj cywj wk nvgj vq Zvc nq hvq| ci
msMvg cwi l `i bZe` G NUbvi wb`vRvwbq Av`gRxKvUi wbPZj vq kwgK bZvAveyj evkvi i mf vcwZZGK cwZev` mf v
Ki | cwZev` mf vq e ei vLb msMvg cwi l `i AvnvqK Rbve knx`yj vn Payi x, mi `vi gvZvnvi Dw b, kwdDw b Avng`,
nvwdR RyUwgj i wmweGi mvavi vY mv`K gvt Zvdvj Avng`,KvcURyUwgj i wmweG bZvdi vRxbRi j Bmj vg, j wZd
evI qvbxRyUwgj i wmweG bZvgvnv` Avj x, c mg^qK Wvt I qvR`yj Bmj vg Lvb, c bZvAvyj Kv`i nvI j v`vi -mn
Kwi g RyU, evsj v`k RyUwgj m, i vRkvnxRyUwgj m, BDGgwmRyUwgj mI Avj xg RyUwgj i wmweG bZe`| mgvek kl
weRGgwmPqvi gvb ei vei C`i AvMB evbvm, Pj wZ gRywi , eZb, 20% gnvNf vZv, eKqvgRyi xKwgkbi Gwi qvi , eKqv
gRywi /eZb, PvKwi PzZ I Aemi cv kwgK KgPvi xi mKj eKqvcwi kvamn 10 `dv`vexm^wj Z vi Kwj wc c`vb Ki vnq|
mgvek _K bZe` 2 wWm^i _K 7 wWm^i chcwZw`b Aevb Kgm~Pxmn wevf wgwQj i Kgm~PxNvl YvKi vnq Ges
i vvq cvUKj i KgPvi x`i Nvwl Z Kgm~Pxmdj Ki Zvj vi RbAvnvb Rvbvbvnq|

`vj bv_K Kei
gayLvj xZ Avvki Ri wk nZv!
gayLvj x(dwi `cyi ) cwZwbwa : Rj vi gayLvj xZ MZ 20 bf ^i GKwU3 gvm10 w`b eqmi wk i j vk Dvi Ki cywj ki wbKU
nvi Ki vnq| gqbvZ`i ci wk wUi j vk Kei `qvnqQej RvwbqQmswk m~ j v| wk wUi bvg Dwg| Dwgi gZz
wbq Gj vKvq Pvj i mw nqQ|
Dwgi evevwmi vRyj Bmj vg I gvi weqvDf qB Zv`i Kbvwk DwgK cwi Kw Zf ve nZvKi vnqQej `vwe Ki Qb|
eZgvb wmi vRyj Bmj vg Ges i vweqvAvj v`vf ve emevmKi Qb| i weqvi `vwe ^vgxwmi vRyj Bmj vg ZvK weZvwi Z Ki Q|
eZgvb wZwb Zvi f vBqi evwo AvocvovZ Aevb Ki Qb| i vweqvAwf hvMKi ej b, DwgnZvi ci gayLvj x_vbvq gvgj v
Ki Z MQ_vbvgvgj vbqwb| Dci AvgvK Zvwoq w`qQ|
m~ Rvbvq, cvq 4 eQi AvMgvi vRj vi wmi vRyj Bmj vgi mv_ i weqvi weq nq| wmi vRyj Bmj vg wewf bmgq hZzKi Rb
i vweqvK Pvc w`Z Ges gvbwmK wbcxob Ki Z| G wbq evsj v`k Wf j cgUcvUbvi wkc mUvi bvgK GKwUemi Kvwi msv
gaZvq MZ 19 Gwcj GKwUkvwj mgxgvsmvnq| kvwj mPj vKvj xb mgq i vweqvMf eZxwQj | Zvi wKQzw`b ci B DwgRbj vf
Ki | Dwgwmi vRyj Bmj vg I i vweqvi wZxq mvb|
DwgRbj vf i ci B i vweqvcybi vq ^vgxKZK wbhvwZZ nZ i Ki | i vweqvAvevi I B emi Kvwi gvbevwaKvi msvi `vi nq
Zv`i mnvqZvq MZ 18 bf ^i gvi vm`i _vbvq wmi vRyj Bmj vg I Zvi PvPxcwj eMgmn 4 Rbi bvg bvi xI wk wbhvZbi
gvgj vKi b| hvi gvgj vbs 34|
i weqvi `vwe, Zvi ^vgxwmi vRyj Bmj vg, PvPxcwj eMgmn 4 Avmvgxgvgj v_K i nvB cZ l ohg~j Kf ve wk wUK j vK
j vwMq `vj bv_K Zvj wbq Wvevq dj nZvKi QGes ZvK duvmvbvi PvKi Q|
Gw`K _vbvi f vi cv KgKZvbvwdDi i ngvb Rvbvb, Kbvwk wUK nZvKi vnqQ| Gj vKvevmxi `vwe NUbvi mv_ RwoZ
ew `i Awej ^MdZvi Ki `vg~j K kvw`qvnvK|

Pj bwej cywj ki f q kZvwaK Kl K cvwj q eovQb
Pj bwej msev``vZv: Gevi evsj v`k Kwl evsKi `vqi Ki vA_gvgj vq Pj bwej cywj kxf q kZvwaK Kl K GLb cvwj q
eovQb| Af vexKl K hLb Zvi mvgwqK A_msKU`~i xKi Yi RbKwl evsK _K FY wbq mvgwqK GB A_msKUKvUvZ
wngwkg LvQb, ZLwb Kwl evsK FY Av`vqi bvg GB gvgj v`vqi Ki Amnvq mvavi Y Kl K`i K nqi vwb Ki Q| Pj bwej i


37
i vqM I Zvovk DcRj vq A_gvgj vi Awf hvMkZvwaK Kl K MdZvwi ci vqvbvgv_vq wbq cywj ki f q evwo Qo cvwj q
eovQ| 87-88 mvj vbxq RbZvevsKi kvLv_K KqKkKl K Kwl Drcv`bi j FYi gvag mPhDVvb| cwZwU
mPhi `vg ai vnq 30 _K 35 nvRvi UvKv| AbK Kl K mgqgZvFYi UvKvcwi kva Ki Z cvi j I mnmvwaK Kl K UvKv
cwi kva Ki Z e_nb| my`i UvKvmn FYi cwi gvY eo 50 _K 60 nvRvi UvKvq `uvovq| evsK KZci ZvMv`vq AbKB
Avmj UvKvcwi kva Ki b| KqK `dvebvI cvKwZK `yhvMi Kvi Y Kl K wZMnq covq Zvi vmgqgZvUvKvcwi kva
Ki Z cvi b wb| AbK Kl Ki bvg evsK gvgj vKi vq BwZgaAbK Kl K Rj nvRZ evmKi Qb| GLb cywj ki f q `ywU
DcRj vi kZvwaK Kl K cvwj q eovQb|

wbl avvi Kej i vvK
xovcwZe`K : AaK bg Gj vevsj v`ki kw | MZ wKQzw`b ai B evsj v`ki gyj f i mvwQj b euvnvwZ wbvi i v|
gvn` i wdK we`vq bqvi ci evsj v`ki evwj s Gi bZZw`wQj b Avyi i vvK| wbDwRj vi wec wZxq Ui ci
`. AvwdKvq wMqwQj b m`nRbK evwj s AvKkbi wj qvwbq| mLvb _K `k wdi Qb wZwb me ai bi wKU
evwj sqi I ci wbl avvi kvwgv_vq wbq|
MZ Avei wbDwRj vi wec XvKvU Zvi evwj s AvKkb wbq `yB Avvqvi nvi cvi I AkvKvwWwmj f vi m`nUvB
mZcgvwYZ nqQgvKcvUvmi wi cvU| evwj sqi mgq Avyi i vvKi KewR Nyi hvq 22 _K 28 wWwMch, Mo hv25
wWwM| Avi Zvi KzBKvi Wwj f vwi i G MoUv24 wWwM AvBwmwmi vvKi evwj s AvKkb wbq w^Zxq `dvq Rvwi Ki Q
wbl avv| 2004 mvj c_gevi i vvKK Ggb cwi wwZZ coZ nq | Kvwi qvi i w^Zxq I qvbWZB m`nRbK evwj s
AvKkbi Kvi Y Qq gvmi gZvgvVi evBi _vKZ nqwQj ZvK| Gevi vZgb wKQyB nZ cvi Ggb cZvkvwewmwei |
Ze KZ w`b i vvKK gvVi evBi _vKZ ne, ZvwbwZ Ki ej vhvQbv| wewmwe RvwbqQ, Awf i vvKK gvVwdwi q
AvbZ cqvRb mewKQyB Ki vne| Ze `ki gvwUZ kxj sKvi wec Lj vi Rbi vvKi vqvW_vKvi mvebvLyeB xY|
AekBZvgaB Zvi cybevmbi KvR i nq MQ| RvbvMQAwj qvq gvKcvUvmi m`j i KvP wRwg wmW K_v
ej eb| Zvi ci i ne cyi vgv vq i vvKK wdwi q Avbvi cwqv| G mgqi gaNi vqvAvmi I G wbl avvej eZ
_vKe Zvi I ci |
i vvK msev` gvagK RvwbqQb AvkvKwi AvKkb ai di gvVwdi Z cvi e| wdi AvmvUvAmvawKQybq| AvgvK wdi
AvmZB ne| MZ KqK eQi ai B Ave`yi i vvK Avgv`i `j i AbZg cavb evj vi | Avgi vAvkvKi e evWf vj vGKUv
myi vnvei Ki e| Ze Avgi vAvkvev`x, mwdi Avme ej nvZB| KbbvAvMI GKevi Gf veB wdi GmwQj m| i vvKi
wdi Avmvi evcvi wek^vmxAwabvqK gvnv` Avki vdzj |
mvgbB kxj sKvAvmQevsj v`k| Gevi `ki gvwUZ gyi vwj QvovI ARv gwmi wb Lj vi cvKwUmKi Z ne| G
mgqUvq evsj v`k wgmKi e i vvKK| `ki gvwUZB AvMvgxwmwi R ZvK bvcvI qvevsj v`ki Rbh_ bwZevPK cf ve
dj e ej wekl i vgb Ki b| AvcvZZ mvwKe dg_vKj I evsj v`ki g~j wbvi i vvKB| `wY AvwdKvq KwVb mgq
KvUvbvevsj v`ki `ytmgq mnR KvUQbv|

mxZvKz wmwcwei cv_xgwQD``j vi MY mshvM
mxZvKz msev``vZv: AvMvgxRvZxq msm` wbevPb PMvg-3 mxZvKz Avmb evsj v`k KwgDwb cvwUi gbvwbZ cv_xKgi W
gwQD`&`j vMZKvj gj evi DcRj vi dR`vi nvURwj j kb, Ave`yj vn NvUv, evbyi evRvi , Bgvg bMi , gag Qwj gcyi
evcK MY mshvMKi Qb| wZwb Gme vb e eej b, evsj v`ki kwgK kYxi AwaKvi Av`vq, e wgj Kvi Lvb Pvj y Ki vI
eKvi hyeK`i Kgmsvb Ki vRbD`vMbqvne| MY mshvMKvj Avi vDcwZ wQj b, KwgDwb cvwUi bZvAavcK
Dg Payi x, KwgDwb cvwUi mgw_Z DcRj vPqvi gvb cv_xGWf vKURwni Dw b gvngy`, gvneye Payi x, Ggi vb Payi x,
gvnv` kvg w b, dwi `yj Bmj vg, KvBQvi I gRnvi j Bmj vgmn `j i bZe`|

cj vkevoxZ nvRxev`j i cPvi Awf hvb
cj vkevoxmsev``vZv: cj vkevox(MvBevv) DcRj vi Pqvi gvb c` ZgRy i mwgwZi bZvgvt GKi vg nvmb Zvj yK`vi
(nvRxev`j )-Gi wbevPbxcPvi Awf hvb I 100 w`bi KgmRb Kgm~wPi Awbqg `ybxwZ cwZi va K wewf bMvg KgxmshvMKi v
nq| Mvgj vnQevmKvUv, Kv`vj KvwU, i vBP wgj , Mavi xcyi , Pwcyi , wezcyi , Av`yqv, wkgywj qv, Avgevox, ewi kvj , gn`xcyi ,
Svco, wnRj Mvox, ct Mvqvj cvov, gnkcyi , eyt Usi veywj qv, Kvgvi cvov, gwi i nvU-`yej vMvox, f evbxcyi , mvew`b f MewZcyi |


38
KgxmshvMKvj xb mgq i gRvb Avj x, Avt gvbvb, gnwmb, mvRy , gwR`, mvRygvvi , Rwj j , Zvi vwgqv, AvwRg D xb, AvRv`yj ,
j yrdi , gwY mvay, Avt nvB, Aveynvmb, Avgj Mwb, i wngv, i vwnj v, gvndzRv, Avbvqvi v, evmwi vYx, i vRvwgqv, gvngy` Avj x, Avt
Mdzi mi `vi , BqvKze Avj xmn ZgRyi bZvi vDcwZ wQj b| Mwi e Rbmvavi Ymn mKj kYxi RbMYi wecyj mg_b cwi j wZ
nq| GQvovI 100 w`bi KgmRb Kgm~wPi Awbqg I `ybxwZi c wZev` 2bs nvmbcyi BDwbqbi Pqvi gvb gvLb P`Gi evwoK
MZ 25 bf ^i Ni vI Ki `vwe Av`vq Ki vnq| GZ bZZ`b gvt GKi vg nvmb Zvj yK`vi (nvRxev`j ) I Avyj gwR`|

2wUKvi Lvbve nI qvq KzwoMvg 1 nvRvi cwi evi Pi g Amnvq
KzwoMvg msev``vZv: `ki gvKewj Z Di vj i KzwoMvgi 2wUwk Kvi LvbvmcwZ e nI qvZ 1 nvRvi cwi evi bg
GmQPi g AmnvqZi Pvc| gvKewj Z GB Gj vKvi Af vexgvbyl i Kgmsvbi RbvwcZ gv 2wUwk Kvi LvbvKzwoMvg
U UvBj wgj m&I KzwoMvg wwbs wgj m&wj t-Gi Drcv`b Kvhg e i qQMZ 3 gvmai |
Zzj vI we`yr msKU, gwkb AKRvnq covGes mvwf mPvRcvwUbvcvI qvi Kvi Y e nq AvQGB wgj `ywU| Ke KLb
Avevi Pvj yne GB Kvi Lvbv`ywUZvmywbw` Ki ej Z GLbvcvi wb KZc| dj wgj `ywUi cvq 1 nvRvi KgKZv-KgPvi xI
kwgK eZb f vZvbvcq cwi evi cwi Rb wbq gvbeZi Rxeb hvcb Ki Qb|
KzwoMvg U UvBj wgj m&-Gi mvwf mPvRcvwUwbqvMi Rb`y`dv`i c Avnvb Ki vnj I AskMnY Ki QbvKvb cvwU| wek
evRvi Zzj vi g~j ekxnI qvq Ges `kxq evRvi myZvi g~j Kg nI qvq mvwf mPvRcvwUi vUvi Ask wbZ PvQbvej Rvbv
hvq|
m~ Rvbvq, KzwoMvg U UvBj wgj m&-Gi Drcv`b Kvhg MZ Pj wZ eQi i 1 m^i _K e i qQ| `kxq eDrcv`b
ZuvZx`i myZvi Pvwn`vc~i Y I Di vj i eKvi mgmvi mgvavbmn RvZxq A_bxwZZ Ae`vb i vLvi RbwewUGgwmi AvI Zvq
vwcZ wgj wU1986 mvj i 14 Avei nZ Zzj v_K myZvZi xi KvR i Ki | 29wUgwkb 12 nvRvi 528wUUvKzm^wj Z
wgj wUZ Abygvw`Z c` msLvKgKZv18 Rb, KgPvi x94 Rb Ges kwgK 442 Rbmn gvU554 Rb| gvMZ j vKmvb dj
wgj wUi I qvwKs KvwcUvj 1996 mvj kl nq hvq| 1997 mvj wgj wUi Drcv`bi `vwqZmvwf mPvRcvwUi nvZ Qo `qv
nq| Ze wK wK Kvi Y wgj wUj vKkvbi f vi f vi vvnqQZvKDej Z cvi wb|
Zvi ci I j vKmvb e bvnI qvq 2002 mvj i Ryj vB gvmMv b nvmKi gvag Rbej we`vq Ki w`q wgj wUe Ki
`qvnq| Gi cvq `o eQi ci 2003 mvj i wWm^i gvmi w`K mvwf mPvRcvwUi AvI Zvq wgj wUcybi vq Pvj yKi vnq| Rbej
bqvnq `wbK gRywi i wf wZ| kwgK`i w`bnvwRi vwbavi Y Ki vnq 55 _K 100 UvKv| G Kvi Y kwgK`i gvS Amvl
`Lv`qvq Pj wZ eQi i 29 g _K 19 Ryb chagNUcvj b Ki vq 18 w`b Drcv`b e _vK| wgj wUi G chj vKmvbi
cwi gvY `uvwoqQcvq 66 KvwUUvKv|
KzwoMvg U UvBj wgj m&-Gi Dc-gnveevcK Avyj nvwg` Rvbvb, Dchy mvwf mPvRcvwUhvZ cvI qvhvq mRbPvPvj vbv
nQ|
Aci w`K ew MZ D`vM2004 mvj i g gvmcvq 23 KvwUUvKveq KUb myZvZi xi Rb17 nvRvi UvKzmn vwcZ nq
KzwoMvg wwbs wgj m&wj wgUW| KgKZv-KgPvi x150 Rb Ges kwgK msLv550 Rb| MZ 25 m^i wgj wUi Drcv`b e Ki
j -Ad Nvl YvKi vnqQ|
KzwoMvg wwbs wgj m&wj wgUW-Gi Pqvi gvb I eevcbvcwi Pvj K Av vi vgvb gj Rvbvb, Zzj vI we`yr msKUi Kvi Y
wgj wUi Drcv`b e Ki j -Ad Nvl YvKi vnqQ| bf ^i gvmi ci cybi vq hvZ Drcv`b i Ki vhvq GRbPvPvj vbv
nQ| wZbgvmj vKmvb nqQcvq AvovB KvwUUvKv|

wmwcwei ywUwb I bevqb msvwekl wew
2009 mvj i Rbevsj v`ki KwgDwb cvwU(wmwcwe)i m`mc` bevqbi wb`kbvm^wj Z mvKzj vi I di g BZvgaRj v
KwgwUj vi KvQcvVvbvnqQ| mswk mKj K h_vh_ eevMnYi RbK`xq KwgwUi c _K Avnvb RvbvbvnqQ|
Gevi me cvwUm`m`i RbZv`i m`mc`i b~bZg hvMZv_vKv- bv_vKvi wel q ywUwbi (A_vr ci xvKi `Lvi ) eev
Ki Z ne| wbgv KvRi wf wZ GB ywUwb Ki Z ne:
(K) mf vq DcwwZ (L) j wf c`vb I A_msMn (M) cvwUi cw Kv, `wj j I mvwnZcvVGes wew (N) Mc MVb, cwi Pvj bvI
wi zUgUi b~bZg cqvm(O) MYmsMVbi KvR (P) cvwUi i vRbwZK I mvsMVwbK KvR AskMnY| Kvb cvwUm`mi
Gme KvRi wel q wf bKvb wmvbv_vKj , Dci v 6wUKvRi mswk cvwUm`mi f ~wgKvi g~j vqb Ki m`mc`
ywUwb Ki Z ne| cwZwUwel q b~bZg Ae`vb bv_vKj , mB cvwUm`mi m`mc` Wc (evwZj ) Ki ZvK cqvRb mnhvMx
m`mwnme Zvwj Kvf ~ Ki Z ne| GB wwi UGeQi ywUwb Ki Z ne| Ze ayGKUvKvi Y Kej gv G eQi wKQzUv


39
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