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AvR 11 †m‡Þ¤^, 2021| m‡bU mgªvU Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡m‡bi

ïf Rb¥w`b| Bs‡iRx 1907 m‡bi GB w`‡b dwi`cyi †Rjvi DcK‡É fevb›`cyi
MÖv‡g Kwe Rb¥ MÖnb K‡ib| wesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© evsjv mvwnZ¨
RM‡Z Kwe mydx †gvZv‡ni †nv‡mb GK †R¨vwZ‡®‹i b¨vq Avwef©~Z nb:
iex›`ª-bRiæj hy‡Mi cÖfve ej‡qi ‡fZi †_‡KI wZwb wQ‡jb wbR¯^ iPbvˆkjx I
¯^vZš¿¨‡ev‡a GK Abb¨ cÖwZfvi AwaKvix| m‡bU iPwqZv wn‡m‡eB Kwe
mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb mgwaK cwiwPZ| G Dcgnv‡`‡k Kwe gvB‡Kj
gaym~`b `‡Ëi ci Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb wQ‡jb GKgvÎ AcÖwZØ›Øx
m‡bU iPwqZv| e½ mvwnZ¨ fvÛv‡i Zvui Ae`vb AvRI wPi A¤øvb I Agjxb
n‡q i‡q‡Q| Zvui iwPZ m‡b‡U wbwep †mŠ›`h©wcÖqZv Mfxi †`k‡cÖg wek¦-
gvbeZv‡eva I AvaywbK †ivgvw›UKZvi GK `xßgayi cÖKvk N‡U‡Q| Pwjk
`k‡K Zvui iwPZ m‡bU Dfq evsjvi wewfbœ cÎ cwÎKvq wbqwgZ cÖKvwkZ
n‡Z _v‡K| Kwe †gvwnZ jvj gRyg`vi, we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg,
eyׇ`e emy K_v mvwnwZ¨K kir P›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨vq cÖgyL Kwei iwPZ
m‡b‡Ui f~qmx cÖmskv K‡ib|
Kwei iwPZ Ògvbeag©Ó ÒgvbeZvÓ Òwek¦gvbeZvÓ ÒmsnwZÓ
Òwek¦msnwZÓ Òwek¦ g½jÓ Ò¯^cœvMZvÓ Ò†mvbvi evsjvÓ cÖf„wZ
KvjRqx KweZv cv‡V Kve¨ wccvmy gvby‡li ü`‡q G‡b †`q Acvi cÖkvwšÍ—|
wØZxq wek¦hyׇËvi c„w_exi evwn¨K PvKwP‡K¨ gvby‡li AšÍi RMr
Zgmv”Qb¨ n‡q c‡o| wnsmv- we‡Øl mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv mgvR Rxe‡b gv_vPvov
w`‡q I‡V| wek¦gvbe †Mvôx †hb gib †Ljvq gË| ivûMÖ¯’ Pvu‡`i b¨vq
`ytLxwb c„w_ex hLb g„Zz¨ f‡q Kvuc‡Q ; Ggwb GK µvwšÍKv‡j
Amv¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbvi cÖwZf~, gvbeZvi g~Z©cÖZxK Kwe mydx
†gvZvnvi †nv‡m‡bi Avwef©ve N‡U| wek¦Rbxb gvbeZv‡evaI gvbe ˆgwÎB
wQj Zuvi Kve¨ mvabvi g~j Dc¾xe¨| AvšÍ©RvwZK gvb m¤úbœ cÖPvi
wegyL Kwe Zvui †jLbxi gva¨‡g †MvUv c„w_ex‡Z kvwšÍi eviZv Qwo‡q
w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| e¨w³ Rxe‡bi `ytL-`~`©kv, †ivM-‡kvK I Avw_©K A”QjZv
Kwei Kve¨ mvabvq AšÍivq m„wó Ki‡jI wZwb KLbI †_‡g _v‡Kbwb| `vwi`¨ -
wK¬ó Kwei AmsL¨ m‡bU AvRI ev·e›`x n‡q i‡q‡Q| cÖKvkbvi gyL †`‡Lwb|
miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZvq Afv‡e AvRI Zvui †Kvb g~j¨vqb nqwb| ¯^vaxbZvi
†PZbvq DÏxß Kwei iwPZ Ògvqvg„MÓ Ògvbeag©Ó cÖf„wZ m‡bU GKmgq
XvKv gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wm‡jKk‡b msKwjZ wQj| Kv‡ji cÖfv‡e ZvÕ
AvR we¯§„wZ cÖvq| Kwe‡K ¯^gwngvq cÖwZwôZ K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi †PZbv
mgybœZ Kiv Acwinvh©|
Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb †Kvb AvZœRxebx wj‡L hvbwb| Zvui
†Kvb ¯§„wZ K_vI cÖKvwkZ nqwb| Kwei wcZvi bvg †gŠjfx †gvnv¤§`
nvwkg| gvZvi bvg †gvmv¤§Z ˆZqeyb‡bœQv LvZzb| †QvU †ejv †_‡KB Kwe
AvZœ‡fvjv I fveyK cÖK…wZi wQ‡jb| Z‡e QvÎ wnmv‡e wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ
†gavm¤úbœ| Kwe 1920 mv‡j dwi`cyi †Rjv ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M G›UªvÝ
(g¨vwUªK) cix¶vq cvk K‡ib| mw¤§wjZ †gav ZvwjKvq Z…Zxq ¯’vb jvf
K‡ib| 1922 mv‡j XvKv RMbœv_ K‡jR †_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M 4 wU ‡jUvi mn
Gd, G (AvB,G) cvk K‡ib| †gav ZvwjKvq cÂg ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib| XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡q BwZnv‡m Abvm© wb‡q wZwb fwZ© nb| G mgq ˆmq`
AvwQqvi m‡½ wZwb weevn m~‡Î Ave× nb| weev‡ni ci ciB Kwei Rxe‡b
†b‡g Av‡m Pig wech©q| Kwei 10 eQi eq‡mi GKgvÎ †evb mywdqv †eM‡gi
AKvj g„Zz¨ N‡U| †ev‡bi g„Zz¨ †kvK KvwU‡q DV‡Z bv DV‡ZB wZb gvm
ci Kwei wcZv g„Zz¨ eib K‡ib| gvbwmK w`K †_‡K Kwe ch©y`¯‘ n‡q Kvjv
R¡‡i AvµvšÍ nb| Kwei Abvm© cix¶v †`Iqv m¤¢e nq bv| 1972 mv‡j Kwe
cybivq XvKv G‡m we,G (cvk) †Kv‡m© fwZ© nb| 1931 mv‡j K…wZ‡Z¡i
m‡½ cÖ_g wefv‡M we,G (cvk) wWµx jvf K‡ib| c‡i gqgbwms‡n we,wU
†Kv‡m© fwZ© n‡qwQ‡jb| wewa evg| wbD‡iw¯’wbqv I wWm‡ccwmqv
†iv‡M AvµvšÍ nIqvq Kwe we,wU wWµx jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| `xN©w`b †ivM
†fv‡Mi ci Kwe my¯’ n‡q Avevi Kve¨ mvabvq AvZœwb‡qvM K‡ib|
Kwei †jLv-‡jwLi Af¨vm †QvU †ejv †_‡KB ïiæ nq| KweZvi cvkvcvwk
†QvU Mí, cÖeÜ cÖf„wZ iPbvqI Kwe cvi`kx© wQ‡jb| 1927 mv‡j XvKvq
cye©e½xq mvwnZ¨ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| m‡¤§j‡bi cÖavb AwZw_ wn‡m‡e
we‡`ªvnx Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg mn A‡bK Kwe mvwnwZ¨K †hvM`vb
K‡ib| G mgq Kwei †jLv PZz©`kc`x KweZv ev m‡bU Dfq evsjvi wewfbœ
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| Kwe †gvwnZ jvj gRyg`vi, eyׇ`e emy KvRx
bRiæj Bmjvg, K_v mvwnwZ¨K kir P›`ª P‡Uªvcva¨vq cÖgyL e‡iY¨ Kwe
mvwnwZ¨KMb Kwe iwPZ Ò`xbv‡šÍÓ m‡b‡Ui f~qmx cÖksmv K‡ib| Kwei
iwPZ Ò`xbv‡šÍÓ m‡bUwU 1940 mv‡j KjKvZvi wewPÎv cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ
nq| KweZvwU Kwe¸iæ iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii `„wó AvKl©b K‡i| c‡i Kwe¸iæi
m¤úvw`Z evsjv Kve¨ cwiPq MÖ‡š’ Ò`xbv‡šÍÓ KweZvwU msKwjZ nq|
m‡bU iPwqZv wn‡m‡e Kwei myL¨vwZ mviv †`ke¨vcx Qwo‡q c‡o| wk¶v
Rxeb †k‡l Kwe ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡ib| e„wUk fvi‡Zi civaxbZvi
k„s•Lj †_‡K RvwZ gyw³ cvK- G wQj Zvui AvRxeb jvwjZ ¯^cœ| Avi G j‡¶¨
‡cuŠQ‡Z wZwb cÖvq mwµq Kgx© wn‡m‡e GK hyM mviv fvi‡Z Ny‡i
†ewo‡q‡Qb| G mgq Kwe gvnvZœv MvÜx, †bZvRx myfvl P›`ª emy, ûgvqyb
Kexi cÖgyL ivRbxwZwe`‡`i ms¯ú‡k© Av‡mb| nVvr ev‡LiMÄ eZ©gvb
ewikvj †Rjvi ÷xgvi Nv‡U Kwe cywj‡ki nv‡Z †MÖdZvi nb| †k‡i evsjv G,†K
dRjyj n‡Ki n¯Í‡¶‡c gyw³ †c‡q dwi`cyi P‡j Av‡mb| cÖ_‡g dwi`cy‡ii
g‡qRDwÏb nvB ¯‹zj Ges c‡i Ckvb ¯‹z‡j wk¶KZv ïiæ K‡ib| Avwg Ckvb
¯‹z‡ji QvÎ| m¨vi‡K Avgvi Lye KvQ †_‡K †`Lvi †mŠfvM¨ n‡q‡Q|
Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb wQ‡jb g‡b cÖv‡b Amv¤cÖ`vwqK|
wek¦e‡iY¨ `vk©wbK Wt gnvgvbeªZ eªþPvixi m‡½ Kwei NwbôZv wQj|
agx©q †Mvovwg I msKxb©Zvi †eovRvj Kwe‡K AvUK ivL‡Z cv‡iwb|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb mKj a‡g©i gg©evbx nj gbyl¨Z¡ jvf I gvbeZv‡eva|
Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU †¶‡Î wnsmv we‡Øl fy‡j wM‡q gbyl¨Z¡jv‡fi AvneŸvb Zvui
KweZvq cwiùzU n‡q‡Q| gvbeag©, gvbeZv, wek¦gvbeZv, msnwZ,
wek¦msnwZ, evsjv fvlv, wek¦g½j cÖf„wZ AmsL¨ KweZvq Zvui
Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g‡bvfve cÖwZaŸwbZ n‡q‡Q| wek¦kvwšÍ, gvbeZv‡eva I
gvbe ˆgwÎB wQj Kwei m‡bU iPbvi g~j DcRxe¨|
AvšÍ©RvwZK gv‡bi G Kwe wQ‡jb wbf„ZPvix I cÖPvi wegyL|
Z`ycwi `vwi`ªZv Zvui wbZ¨ m½x nIqvq wb‡R †Kvb Kve¨Mªš’ cÖKvk Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZvqI Zvui †Kvb g~j¨vqb nqwb| †`ix‡Z n‡jI 1965
mv‡j dwi`cyi iv‡R›`ª K‡j‡Ri Aa¨¶, Aa¨vcK gÛjx Ges QvÎ-QvÎx msm‡`i
D‡`¨v‡M Kwei cÖ_g m‡bU msKjbwU cÖKvwkZ nq| GQvov 1966 mv‡j
m‡bU ÒmÂqbÓ Ges 1970 mv‡j Òm‡bU gvjvÓ cÖKvwkZ n‡jI Kwei mg¯Í
iPbvejx AvRI cÖKvwkZ nqwb| Zvui mnmªvwaK m‡bU AcÖKvwkZ Ae¯’vq
ev·e›`x Ae¯’vq c‡o i‡q‡Q| 1965 mv‡j Òm‡bU msKjbÓ QvÎjx‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M
dwi`cy‡ii myaxmgvR Kwei AbyivMx QvÎ-QvÎx Z_v dwi`cyievmx Kwe‡K
ÒAw¤^Kv gq`v‡bÓ GK MY-msea©bv cÖ`vb K‡ib| e½eÜz †kL gywRei
ingvb †RjLvbv †_‡K Kwe‡K GK Awfb›`b cÎ †cÖib K‡ib| Zr¶wbKfv‡e Kwe
Avb‡›` AvZœnviv n‡q Òdzj †R¨vrmœvÓ bvgK GKwU m‡bU wj‡L
msea©bvi DËi †`b| G eQiB wZwb mvwnZ¨ cyi毋vi cvb| Kwei †QvU fvB
Rbve †gvRv‡¤§j †nv‡mb e½eÜzi mncvVx wQ‡jb| †mB myev‡` Kwei m‡½I
e½eÜzi NwbôZv M‡o I‡V| Kwe 1967 m‡b c¶vNvZ †iv‡M AvµvšÍ nb|
e½eÜz dwi`cyi G‡jB Kwei fevb›`cyi MÖv‡gi evox‡Z wM‡q †`Lv mv¶vr
Ki‡Zb|
 Av‡›`vj‡bi ˆmwbK Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb wQ‡jb evsjv‡`k
¯^vaxbZvi †PZbvq D¾xweZ| †ivMvMÖ¯’ Kwe gyw³hyׇK †eMgvb K‡i
Zzj‡Z Zvui †jLv Ò‡mvbvi evsjvÓ KweZvwU ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª
†_‡K cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ gywRebM‡i cvwV‡q †`b| gywRebMi Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e
KweZvwU cÖPv‡i wKwÂr mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Avgvi †mŠfvM¨ n‡qwQj|
1971 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m KweZvwU ¯^vaxb evsjv †eZvi †K›`ª †_‡K cÖPvi
Kiv nq| †`k ¯^vax‡bi ci KweZvwU ˆ`wbK Òmsev`Ó cwÎKvq Qvcv nq| 1974
mvj Kwe evsjv GKv‡Wgx cyi¯‹vi jvf K‡ib| 1988 mv‡j evsjv GKv‡Wgx
Kwei Rxebx MÖš’gvjv cÖKvk K‡ib| 1975 mv‡j 15 AvMó RvwZi wcZv
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’cwZ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb mcwiev‡i wbnZ nevi msev‡`
Kwe evKiæ× n‡q c‡ob| gvÎ cuvP w`b ci 1975 mv‡ji 20 AvMó Abv`‡i
Ae‡njvq webv wPwKrmvq Kwe g„Zz¨eib K‡ib|
e„wUk fviZ I evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †PZbvq DÏxß Kwe AvR
we¯§„wZi AZj M‡f© wbgw¾Z| Zvui ¯§„wZ i¶v‡_© dwi`cy‡i M‡o I‡Vwb
†Kvb cÖwZôvb| †mŠfvM¨µ‡g ¯^vaxbZvi c‡¶i kw³ eZ©gvb ivóªxq ¶gZvq
AwawôZ| m½Zt Kvi‡bB RvwZ Avkv K‡i Kwei AcÖKvwkZ iPbv m¤¢vi
cÖKvwkZ n‡e| Aa©-kZvãx e¨vcx Kve¨mvabvi MMbPz¤^x cÖwZfvi
AwaKvix Kwe h_v‡hvM¨ gh©v`vq gwngv gwÛZ n‡e| Avi G wel‡q
Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c MÖn‡bi Rb¨ MYZ‡š¿i gvbm Kb¨v wek¦bw›`Z †bÎx
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii gvbbxq cÖavb gš¿x RY‡bÎx †kL nvwmbvi
myw`„©wó AvKl©Y KiwQ| Kwe‡K gi‡bvËi mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‹v‡i f~wlZ K‡i
RvwZ‡K `vqgy³ Kiæb| Kwe‡K ¯^gwngvq cÖwZwôZ K‡i gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv
mgybœZ Kiæb| †`k I RvwZ Avcbvi I gnZx D‡`¨vM mK…ZÁwP‡Ë wPiKvj
¯§iY Ki‡e| Kwei G ïf Rb¥w`‡b RvbvB kª×vÄjx|

†jLK : exi gyw³‡hv×v, AvBbRxex Ges mfvcwZ, ‡Rjv AvIqvgx jxM, dwi`cyi|
mfvcwZ, Kwe mydx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb dvD‡Ûkb, dwi`cyi
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