fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

knx` †jt K‡Y©j Wvt Gm, G nvB

GKvËz‡ii 26 gvP©| evsjv‡`‡ki cªwZwU N‡i
Awdm-Av`vj‡Z D‡Ëvjb Kiv n‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki
gvbwPÎ mn GKwU bZzb cZvKv| h‡kvi
K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKvi Av‡kcv‡kI evsjv‡`‡ki
AMwYZ cZvKv DowQj| Avi ZvB †`‡L h‡kvi
K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U Ae¯’vbiZ evOvwj ˆmwbKiv †mw`b
g‡bi Avb‡›` †køvMvb w`‡qwQ‡jb Rq evsjv, Rq
†kL gywRe|
evOvwj ˆmwbK‡`i GB †køvMvb gbcyZ nqwb
we‡MÖwWqvi `~iivYxi| ZvB mv‡_ mv‡_ †jt
K‡Y©j Wvt Gm, G nvB †K †dvb K‡i
we‡MÖwWqvi `~iivYx ej‡jb, Avcbvi G¤^y‡jÝ
BDwb‡Ui wmcvBiv ÔRq evsjvÕ ÔRq gywReÕ
†køvMvb w`‡”Q| GUv Avgiv mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv|
cÖwZDˇi †jt K‡Y©j Wvt Gm, G nvB e‡jwQ‡jb,
GK BDwbU hw` wR‡q fy‡Æv †køvMvb †`q Ges
G‡Z hw` †Kvb Aciva bv nq Z‡e Ab¨ BDwbU Rq
†kL gywRe ej‡j Aciva wK‡mi? Avevi Rq wm›`
ej‡j AvcwËKi wKQz bv _vK‡j Rq evsjvq AvcwË
†Kv_vq?
26 ‡k gvP© mKv‡j h‡kvi K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKvi
evOvwj ˆmwbKiv Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb, 25 †k gvP© iv‡Z
XvKvi wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Dci †mbvevwnbxi
Kvcy‡ivwlZ ee©i Avµg‡Yi K_v| wKš‘ ZLb
†eiæevi Avi c_ †bB| cvÄvwe ˆmwbKiv
K¨v›Ub‡g›U GjvKv Aeiæ× K‡i †i‡L‡Q|

191
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
29 gvP© h‡kvi †mbv QvDwb‡Z cvK †mbviv
weRq Drme cvjb K‡i| we‡MÖwWqvi `yiivYx mKj
Awdmvi I Zv‡`i cZœx‡`i weRq Drm‡e kixK n‡Z
e‡jb| ZLbI evOvwj Awdmvi I evOvwj wmcvB‡`i
wbi¯¿ Kiv nqwb| 30 †k gvP© †fv‡i †jt K‡Y©j Wvt
Gm, G nvB evmv †_‡K nVvr †ei n‡q hvb| Gic‡i
evB‡i †_‡K
Rbve nvB Zvi ¯¿x bvwmg nvB †K †dvb K‡i Rvbvb
†h, Avgiv ÔevOvwj Awdmvi I wmcvBivÕ cwðgv
Lvb †mbv‡`i weiæ‡× hy× ïiæ K‡iwQÑ †Zvgvi
nv‡Z Avgvi ev”Pv‡`i †i‡L †Mjvg| Gici nVvr K‡i
†dv‡bi jvBb †K‡U †Mj|
Zvici `ycyi 1Uvi w`‡K we‡MÖwWqvi `yiivYx †jt
K‡Y©j Wvt Gm, G nvB‡qi evmvq G‡m wg‡mm
nvB‡K ej‡jb †Zvgvi ¯^vgx Avgv‡`i weiæ‡× hy×
Ki‡Q| Avgiv Zv‡K mgywPZ kvw¯Í w`e| Avi
†mw`b iv‡ZB wg‡mm bvwmg nvB Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb
†h, Zvi cÖvY wcÖq ¯^vgx nvbv`vi †mbv‡`i
weiæ‡× mk¯¿ hy‡× knx` n‡q‡Qb|
wZwb ïay GKv bb, Zuvi BDwb‡Ui GKvw`K
K¨v‡Þb Gi †mbv m`m¨ †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ exi-
weµ‡g hy× K‡i knx` n‡q‡Qb|
ciw`b wg‡mm bvwmg nvB ¯^vgxi g„Z †`n mn
Zv‡K XvKv cvVvevi R‡b¨ we‡MÖwWqvi `yiivYx
I K‡Y©j gvmy`‡K e‡jb| cÖ_‡g Zviv ivRx bv n‡jI
c‡i A‡bK Abybq web‡qi ci ˆmb¨ enbKvix GKwU

192
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wegv‡b wg‡mm nvB‡K Kwd‡b Ave„Z ¯^vgxi
g„Z‡`n mn XvKv cvVv‡bv nq|
wKš‘ XvKv kn‡i cÖKv‡k¨ Zvi RvbvRv Ki‡Z
†`qv nqwb| ZvB evox‡ZB †jt K‡Y©j Wvt Gm, G
nvB‡qi Rvbvhv m¤úbœ K‡i Py‡c Pz‡c AvwRgcyi
Kei¯’v‡b knx` †jt K‡Y©j Wvt Gm, G nvB‡K
mgvwa¯’ Kiv nq|

1947 mv‡ji †`k wefv‡Mi ci

cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g gš¿x mfv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g gš¿x mfvi 23Rb m¤§vwbZ
cvwK¯Ívb MYcwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ m`m¨‡`i wb‡q
gš¿x cwil` MwVZ nq| G‡`i g‡a¨ AvURb c~e©
cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K Ges 15Rb cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi|
cÖavbgš¿x wbhy³ nb wjqvKZ Avjx Lvb| cwðg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi GB 15 R‡bi g‡a¨ †ewki fvMB wQ‡jb
†`k wefv‡Mi c~‡e© hviv fviZ e‡l©i wewfbœ
193
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
cÖ‡`‡k AvBwmGm wWMÖx cÖvß D”P c`¯’
miKvwi Kg©KZv, †`k wefv‡Mi c‡i Zviv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
Avgv‡`i Rvbv g‡Z D³ gš¿x cwil‡` c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
†_‡K wkÿvgš¿x wQ‡jb dRjyi ingvb, WvK I
†hvMv‡hvMgš¿x Lvb G meyi, Rbve
Iqvwn`y¾vgvb Lvb, evwYR¨ gš¿x| Rbve Ave`yj
†gvbv‡qg Lvb ¯^v¯’¨ gš¿x| gš¿x wn‡m‡e Av‡iv
wQ‡jb LvRv bvwRgDwÏb cÖavbgš¿x wjqvKZ
Avjx wbnZ nIqvi ci wZwb cÖavbgš¿xi
`vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡i Ges LvRv kvnveywÏb wQ‡jb
Z_¨ gš¿x Ges w¯úKvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib
ZwgRDwÏb Lvb|
msL¨vjNy m¤úª`v‡qi cÿ _‡K kÖx †hv‡MkP›`ª
gÛj I Dcgš¿x mybvgM‡Äi kÖx Aÿq Kzgvi `vm|

cÖv‡`wkK gš¿x mfv

194
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
1947 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZvi ci b~iæj Avwg‡bi
†bZ…‡Z¡ c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖ_g gš¿x mfv
MwVZ nq| GB gš¿x cwil‡`i m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ Rbve
Kwdj DwÏb †PŠayix, Rbve nvmvb Avjx Ges Rbve
nvwmg DwÏb, Rbve LqivZ †nv‡mb, Rbve Ave`yj
jwZd wek¦vm, kÖx Kvwgbx ivq, Rbve Aveyj
gybmyi evwYR¨gš¿x, kªx g‡bviÄb ai wZwb
A_©gš¿xi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb Ges nvweeyjøvn evnvi
wQ‡jb ¯^v¯’¨ gš¿x|
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨, XvKv wQj ZLb gkvi `L‡j|
Avgiv QvÎ Ae¯’vq w`‡bI gkvix UvwO‡q †jLvcov
KiZvg|
wZwb ¯^v¯’¨gš¿x wn‡m‡e Ab¨vb¨ DbœqgyjK
Kg©Kv‡Ûi cvkvcvwk gkvi esk‡K aŸsm K‡i
BwZnvm m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb| gš¿x cwil‡` Av‡iv
†KD wQ‡jb wKbv hv Avgvi GB 96 eQi e‡q‡m
we¯§„wZi AšÍiv‡j|

195
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

Avmv‡g fvlv Av‡›`vjb

1961 m‡b 19 †k †g Avmv‡gi wkjP‡i
evsjvfvlv‡K Ab¨Zg ivóªfvlv Kivi Av‡›`vj‡b
mZ¨vMÖn Z_v niZvj P‡jwQj| †ejv AvovBUvq
Avmv‡gi evivK DcZ¨Kvq Zvivcyi wkjPi †ij †÷kb
†_‡K †kl †Uª‡bi hvÎv ¯’wMZ Ki‡Z †mw`‡bi
niZvjKvixiv wc‡KwUs Pvwj‡q hvw”Q‡jb| †Kvb
iKg D‡ËRbv cÖPviYv †bB| †bZv‡`i †KD †R‡j,
†KDev Avevi gy³ †_‡K cieZx© c`‡ÿ‡ci K_v
fve‡Q|
wKš‘ Avmvg miKviI e‡m †bB| ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi
cÖavbgš¿x cwÛZ RInijvj †b‡niæ| wZwb †mw`b
P‡j †M‡jb †MŠnvwU‡Z, Avmvgxi ivRavbx‡Z|
ZLb Avmv‡gi gyL¨gš¿x wQ‡jb wegj cÖmv`
Pvwjnv| fvi‡Zi cÖavbgš¿x I Avmv‡gi gyL¨gš¿x
Zxÿè bRi ivL‡Qb evivK DcZ¨Kvq evsjv fvlvi
`vex‡Z Av‡›`vjbKvix‡`i Dci| †K›`ª I cÖ‡`‡k
Ks‡MÖm miKvi ÿgZvmxb| wKš‘ †Kw›`ªq I
cÖv‡`wkK miKvi GKgvÎ Avmvgxqv fvlv‡KB Pvjy
ivL‡Z e×cwiKi| Avav mvgwiK evwnbxi
Avbv‡MvbvI wQj jÿ¨Yxq| c~e© †_‡KB
AivRbwZK msMVb fvlv msMÖvg cwil` Gi †bZv
†bÎxiv G‡K G‡K wQ‡jb Kviv AšÍiv‡j|
†ejv cÖvq wZbUvi w`‡K niZvjKvix wKQz
e›`x‡K wb‡q Avmv n‡jv wkjPi †÷k‡b| DrmyK
niZvj mg_©bKvixiv †`L‡Z PvB‡jv Zv‡`i mn fvlv
196
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
msMÖvgx‡`i| GB ch©v‡q RbZv‡K jÿ¨ K‡i ˆmb¨iv
ïiæ K‡i ¸wjel©Y| GK jvMv‡i 17-18wU ¸wj el©Y
Kiv nq niZvjKvix‡`i Dci| NUbv¯’‡j jywU‡q c‡ob
12Rb fvlv msMÖvgx| AvnZ nb Av‡iv A‡b‡K| c‡i
2Rb gviv hvb nvmcvZv‡j| kÖxK…ò KvšÍ wek¦vm
ey‡j‡Ui AvNvZ mn¨ K‡i †eu‡P wQ‡jb Av‡iv 24
eQi|
g„Z †`n wb‡q wgwQj P‡j wkjPi kn‡i| Ask †bb
RbmvaviY mK‡j| wcQz nU‡Z eva¨ nq Ks‡MÖm
miKvi| Avmv‡gi wØZxq miKvix fvlv wn‡m‡e
¯^xK…wZ †c‡jv evsjv fvlvÑ 11Rb knx‡`i
AvZ¥Z¨vM I AmsL¨ gvby‡li mn‡hvwMZvq|
wbnZ‡`i bvg t
1| knx` KvbvBjvj wb‡qvMx
2| PwÛPiY m~Îai
3| wn‡Z›`ª wek¦vm
4| m‡Z¨›`ª †`ebv_
5| Kzgy`iÄb `vm
6| mybxj miKvi
7| ZiæYx †`ebv_
8| mPx›`ª P›`ª cvj
9| ax‡i›`ªbv_ m~Îai
10| my‡Kvgj cyiKvq¯’
11| Kgjv fÆvPvh©
Avmv‡gi evivK DcZ¨Kvq †mw`b evOvwjiv
cÖgvY Ki‡jv †h, e›`y‡Ki bj wKsev †Kvb wKQzi

197
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wewbg‡q gvZ…fvlvi m¤§vb wem©Rb †`Iqv hvq
bv|
19 †k †g cÖwZeQi Avmv‡g kÖ×vi m‡½ fvlv
knx` w`em cvwjZ n‡q Avm‡Q Ges fvlv knx`‡`i
bv‡g bvgKiY Kiv nq fvlv knx` wkjPi †÷kb|
19 †g cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Avmv‡g evOvwj‡`i
AvZ¥ gh©v`vi AwaKvi|

gvbyl PvB bv Rwg PvB

1971 m‡b 25 †k gvP© wbi¯¿ evsjv‡`kx‡`i Dci
cvwK¯Ívb Avwg© ee©i AvµgY Pvjvq| 25 †k gvP©
mviv ivwÎ Ges 26 †k gvP© mvivw`b G ee©iZv P‡j|
†m mg‡q mviv †`‡k KviwdD ejer wQj| c‡ii w`b 27
†k gvP© `yB N›Uvi Rb¨ KviwdD wkw_j Kiv nq|
GB my‡hv‡M jv‡Lv jv‡Lv evsjv‡`kx kni MÖvg
†Q‡o †h hvi g‡Zv cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fviZ I wÎcyivq
AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| fvi‡Zi RbmvaviY I miKvi
hw` †m mgq GwM‡q bv Avm‡Zv Zvn‡j †h KZ
†jvK cÖvY nviv‡Zv †m K_v fve‡Z †M‡j k¼v
Rv‡M| fviZ miKvi ïaygvÎ G mg¯Í kibv_x©‡`i
Abœ, e¯¿, AvkÖq w`‡qB mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib wb|
gyw³hy×v‡`i wewfbœ iKg †UªwUs I A¯¿ cÖwkÿY
w`‡ZI Kvc©Y¨ K‡ib wb|

198
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
AvšÍR©vwZK †ÿ‡ÎI welqwU Zz‡j a‡ib|
D‡jøL¨ 1971 m‡bi 25‡k gv‡P©i Av‡M Avgv‡`i
G‡`kwU wQj GKwU ¯^vaxb ¯^ve©‡fŠgZ¡ iv‡óªi
Awe‡”Q`wU Ask| GK Ask †_‡K Aci Ask
wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e ZLb GK_v †KD fz‡jI fv‡ewb|
Kv‡RB cvwK¯Ívb kvmKe‡M©i wbR †`‡ki GB
MYnZ¨vi wbg©g Kvwnbx mviv we‡k¦ ZLb
Av‡jvob mwó K‡i Ges wek¦ kw³ I G welqwU wb‡q
PzcPvc e‡m _v‡K wb| Gfv‡e wek¦ RbgZ
cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡× P‡j hvq| E‡jøL¨, 25 †k
gv‡P©i ci †_‡K ch©vqµ‡g 2/3 gvm cvwK¯Ívb
†mbvevwnbxi AvMÖvmb wQj e¨vcK| wKš‘ GiB
g‡a¨ cvwK¯Ívb †mbv kvmK‡`i eSz‡Z evKx _v‡K
wb †h, Zviv A‡bKUv AvZ¥NvZx c‡_ AMÖmi
n‡”Q Ges ZLb †_‡KB Zviv Av‡¯Í Av‡¯Í
AvMÖvmx f‚wgKv †_‡K m‡i Avm‡Z _v‡K|
AvZ¥iÿv I Rxeb wb‡q ‡`‡k †div wPšÍv fvebv
ïiæ K‡i| GKBfv‡e fviZ †_‡K †Uªwbs cÖvß
gyw³hy×vMY I cvwK¯Ívbx †mbvevwnbxi Dci
cvëv AvµgY ïiæ K‡i| †`‡ki RbMY I h_vmva¨
gyw³hy×v‡`i cÖwZ mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evovb| Giƒc
avivevwnKZvB evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi mvdj¨ I
msMÖvg|

199
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
1971 m‡b 25 †k gvP© cvwK¯Ívb Avwg©
evsjv‡`‡ki wbi¯¿ RbM‡Yi Dci nZ¨v, nZ¨vhÁ
Pvjv‡bvi ci mgq cvK Avwg© mvaviY ˆmb¨ †_‡K
ïiæ K‡i †gRi, †gRi †Rbv‡ij Ges m‡e©v”P
kvmbhZ‡š¿ mevB g‡b Ki‡Zv †h, Zviv bZzb †`k `Lj
K‡i‡Q| Zviv weRqx Avi Avgiv wewRZ Ges G‡`‡ki
gvbylRb Miæ, evQyi Zv‡`i MwYg‡Zi gvj| G aviYv
K‡iB Zviv ÿvšÍ _v‡Kb wb| Zv‡`I AvPvi-AvPi‡YI
GKBfve cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| hv wQj AZ¨šÍ `ytLRbK|
GB ARynv‡Z Zviv †h KZ gvbyl nZ¨v, bvix
wbh©vZb AwMœms‡hvM K‡i‡Q Gi †KvbUvB
A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB| ïay ZvB bq- hy× Aemv‡b
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi KZ…©K wePvicwZ nvwg`yi
ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ †h Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq| †mLv‡b
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb †_‡K †dir wewfbœ †mbv
Kg©KZ©v Kwgk‡bi Kv‡Q Gi mZ¨Zv ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb †mbv KgvÛvi Zvi Aaxb¯’
†mbv m`m¨‡`i‡K KZRb evOvwj wbab I bvix
wbh©vZb K‡i‡Q GiKgI bvwK wb‡`©k w`‡qwQj|
Kv‡RB cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx wbcxoY,
wbh©vZb, al©Y †KvbUvB A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq
†bB| GLv‡b AwcÖq n‡jI mZ¨ †h c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I
cwðg cvwK¯Ívb ZL‡bv GKB iv‡óªi AšÍf~©³ wQj|
c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Ggb †Kvb bRxi Av‡Q wKbv
†m‡`‡ki †mbvevwnbx GKB †`‡ki Aci As‡ki

200
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wbiciva Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci GiKg RNb¨Zg nZ¨vhÁ I
Kg©KvÛ Pvjv‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨
†h, ZlbKvi cvK †mbv kvmK cÖKvk¨ fv‡e Zviv
Ôgvbyl PvB bv Rwg PvBÕGi ekeZx© n‡q Ggb
†Kvb AgvbweK I ee©iZi KvR †bB hv †m mgq
Zviv K‡iwb| wek¦ BwZnvm G GK Kjs¼RbK
Aa¨vq|

201
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

kvwšÍ KwgwU
c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b Zv‡`i kvmb wPi¯’vqx Kivi
j‡ÿ¨ ZLbKvi miKvi c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi mKj A‡j,
MÖvg, gnjøvq ¯’vbxq Mb¨gvb¨ e¨w³e‡M©i
mgš^‡q kvwšÍ KwgwU MVb K‡ib| GB kvwšÍ
KwgwU MVb wQj eva¨Zvg~jK I ivóªxq wbqg-
bxwZi AšÍf©y³| Zv‡`i Dci ¯’vbxqfv‡e kvwšÍ
k„•Ljvi `vwqZ¡ `vwqZ¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq| gyw³hy×v‡`i
fviZxq Pi, Kgy¨wbó, Bmjvgwe‡ivax e‡j †m
mgqKvi cÖkvmb g‡b Ki‡Zv| kvwšÍ KwgwU †m
A‡ji †K fv‡jv, †K g›` wbY©‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ wQj|
kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvi¨vbMYB RbmvaviY‡K
AvB‡WbwUwU KvW© Z_v cwiPqcÎ Bmy¨ Kivi
ÿgZvcÖvß wQj|
GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨ †h, 25‡k gvP©
Awfhv‡bi Av‡MB cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi wewfbœ Ask
†_‡K ¯^íwkwÿZ †mbv m`m¨ cye© cvwK¯Ívb
eªxR, KvjfvU©, Awdm-Av`vjZ I ¸iæZ¡cyY©
iv¯Ívq wbhy³ Kiv nq| Zviv †ewk †jLvcov Rvb‡Zv
bv| ZLbKvi cwiw¯’wZ Ggb wQj †h, iv¯ÍvNv‡U
wbivc‡` †ei nIqv wQj wec`RbK| hLb ZLb GB c¨viv

202
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
m`m¨MY hv‡K Zv‡K P¨v‡jÄ K‡i em‡Zv|
ÔAvcKvÕ cvm WvwÛ KvW© nvq|1 Zviv
AvB‡WbwUwU KvW©‡K ÔWvwÛ KvW©Õ
ej‡Zv|
G mgq hviv c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi wfZ‡i Ae¯’vb
KiwQj Zviv mevB kvwšÍ KwgwUi †Pqvig¨v‡bi
KvQ †_‡K ÔAvB wW KvW©Õ wb‡q wbwe©‡Nœ
PjvPj Ki‡Zv|Avgiv hviv mvaviY gvbyl ZLb c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b evm KiZvg Zv‡`i Ae¯’v †h wK
`ywe©ln wQj Zv eZ©gvb cÖR‡b¥i Rvbvi K_v bq|
kvwšÍ KwgwUi mevB †h cvwK¯Ív‡bi mg_©K
wQ‡jb Zv bq - Zv‡`i †ewkifvMB 25 †k gv‡P©i ci
g‡b cÖv‡Y cvwK¯Ívbwe‡ivax g‡bvfv‡e
AbycÖvwYZ| Z‡e 15-20% †h cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ
KvR K‡i‡Qb GUvI A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB|
Kv‡RB kvwšÍ KwgwUi mevB cvwK¯Ív‡bi `vjvj
GUv ejv wVK n‡e bv| GLv‡b we‡kl fv‡e
D‡jøL¨‡hvM¨ †h, 1947 mv‡ji c‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I
cwðg cvwK¯Ívb wQj GKwU mve©‡fŠg ¯^vaxb
ivóª| ZvQvov cvwK¯Ívb cÖwZôvi wcQ‡bI A‡bK
i³ÿq, mvabv I msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm RwoZ|
mviv we‡k¦ hLb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b MYnZ¨vi
cÖwZev‡` †mv”Pvi, †m mgq †cÖwm‡W›U
Bqvwnqv Lvb kvwšÍ KwgwU MVb K‡i cÖPvi K‡i
†h, cye© cvwK¯Ív‡b †Kvb MYnZ¨v n‡”Q bv|
†`‡ki me©Î kvwšÍi myevZvm cÖevngvb| kvwšÍ

203
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
evwnbxi mKj m`m¨B BDwbqb cwil‡`i wbe©vwPZ
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205
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w`‡q cvwK¯Ív‡b hvIqv wQj wbwl×|
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210
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211
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25 gvP© 1971 Kv‡jv ivZ

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al©Y I i‡³i †nvwj †Ljv|
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212
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I major Zia an behalf of our great leader Sheikh Mujibur
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214
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miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x Rbve ZvRDwÏb Avng` 1971
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gvby‡li gyL †_‡K cÖ_g ïb‡Z cvB| PÆMÖv‡gi
wRqvDi ingvb bv‡g GKRb †gRi †kL gywR‡ei `j
AvIqvgxjx‡Mi c‡ÿ cvK‡mbv‡`i weiæ‡× evsjv‡`‡ki
¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb Ges PÆMÖvg †eZvi
Zvi fvlY cÖPvi Ki‡Q| mvaviY gvby‡li mv‡_
K¬všÍkÖvšÍ n‡q cv‡q †n‡U fvi‡Z hvIqvi mgq
†gRi wRqvi G K_v ï‡b LyeB Lykx n‡qwQjvg,
weivU g‡bvej †c‡qwQjvg|Õ

ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g`, 1972 m‡bi 7 GwcÖj,

AvIqvgjx‡Mi KvDwÝj Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ`Ë wi‡cvU©
†_‡K|

215
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
†gRi wRqvi G †NvlYvi ci †mbv-†bŠ-wegvb,
BwcAvi cywjk AvbQvi Ges iÿx evwnbxmn Avcvgi
RbmvaviY hvi hvi Ae¯’vb †_‡K kÎæi †gvKv‡ejvq
k³ cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j hv wQ‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi
msMÖv‡gi Uvwbsc‡q›U|
G cÖm‡½ wgRvbyi ingvb Lvb (mvsevw`K)
GK cÖwZ‡e`‡b D‡jøL K‡ib †h, wm.AvB.G
wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx †mbvevwnbxi GK ZiæY †gRi
wgqv 1971 m‡b 26 †k gvP© evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv
†Nvlbv K‡ib|
(†idv‡iÝ : cÖ_g Av‡jv, wW‡m¤^i, 2012)|
1975 m‡b wW‡m¤^i gv‡mi †kl mßv‡n
†cÖwm‡W›U wRqv GK ivóªxq md‡i fvi‡Z
wM‡qwQ‡jb| 27 †k wW‡m¤^i Zuvi m¤§v‡b †`qv
ivóªxq †fvR mfvq fvi‡Zi ZrKvjx †cÖwm‡W›U
mÄxe †iwÇ e‡jb : Your position is already assured in the
annales of the history of your country as a brave freedom fighter
who was the first to declare the Independence of Bangladesh.
(Bangladesh International Politics. Prof, Shamsul Haq-96).

216
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

eyw×Rxex nZ¨v
cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi gvbeZv we‡ivax
RNb¨ Aciva eyw×Rxex nZ¨v| 1971 mv‡ji cuwP‡k
gvP© Acv‡ikb mvP©jvB‡U cÖ_g Pvi-cuvPw`‡bi
g‡a¨B huv‡`i nZ¨v Kiv nq| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ AvMiZjv
lohš¿ gvgjvi Ab¨Zg Avmvgx KgvÛvi †gvqv‡¾g
†nv‡mb Lvb, XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi AvšÍR©vwZK
L¨vwZ m¤úbœ `vk©wbK †Mvwe›` P›`ª †`e, mvabv
Jlavj‡qi cÖwZôvZv †hv‡Mk P›`ª †Nvl, kw³
Jlavj‡qi cÖwZôvZv Aa¨vcK bZzb wms, fvlv
Av‡›`vj‡bi cw_K…Z ax‡i›`ªbv_ `Ë, Uv½vBj
Kzgyw`bx I‡qj Uªv‡÷ªi cÖwZôvZv kÖx ib`v
cÖmv` mvnv Ges Zvi GKgvÎ cy·K ... nZ¨v Kiv nq|
GQvov wewfbœ †Rjvq Rvbv ARvbv A‡bK e‡iY¨
e¨w³eM© nZ¨vi wkKvi nb| wKš‘ `ytLRbK n‡jI
mZ¨, cvwK¯Ívb ˆmb¨ evwnbxi AvZ¥m¤ú‡Y©i
K‡qKw`b Av‡M 10 wW‡m¤^i B‡Ëdv‡Ki evZ©v
m¤úv`K wmivRDwÏb Avn‡g`‡K G‡`kxq
cvwK¯Ív‡bi †`vmiiv Zvi kvwšÍbMi Pv‡gjxev‡Mi
fvov evmv †_‡K a‡i wb‡q hvq| wZwb Avi KL‡bv
wd‡i Av‡mb wb|
1971 mv‡j 16B wW‡m¤^‡ii c~e© gyn~‡Z© 14
I 15B wW‡m¤^i Zvwi‡L XvKv kn‡i Kvd©y Rvix

217
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
Kiv nq| GB mg‡q hv‡`i nZ¨v Kiv nqÑ Zuv‡`i g‡a¨
XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gybxi †PŠayix| Zvi ˆcZ„K
wbevm avbgwÛ †_‡K a‡i wb‡q hvq, Zvici Aa¨vcK
†gvdv¾j nvq`vi †PŠayix‡K a‡i wb‡q hvq Zvi
†QvU fvB‡qi evmv †_‡K| Aa¨vcK W. m‡šÍvl P›`ª
fÆvPvh©‡K wm‡jU nZ¨v Kiv nq| wewkó µxovwe`
†gv¯ÍvK Avn‡g`‡KI a‡i wb‡q nZ¨v Kiv nq| XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gayi K¨vw›U‡bi gaym~`b †`e, mevi
wcÖq gay-`v †K, wm‡jU †gwW‡Kj K‡j‡Ri cªL¨vZ
ˆkj¨ wPwKrmK Aa¨vcK Wv., kvgmywÏb Avng`‡K,
1971 mv‡ji 12 wW‡m¤^i mvsevw`K wbRvgDwÏb
Avn‡g` †K a‡i wb‡q hvq `ycyi `yÕ‡Uvi mgq Zvi
Lvevi †Uwej †_‡K GKvšÍ wcÖqR‡bi ga¨ †_‡K|
14B I 15 wW‡m¤^i mvsevw`K †mwjbv cvifxb
Kwe †g‡niæb‡bmv †K wgicyi †_‡K, myiKvi
AvjZvd gvngy`‡K, †jLK mvsevw`K knx`yjøvn
Kvqmvi, †R¨vwZigq ¸n VvKziZv cÖgyL Av‡iv
A‡bK eyw×Rxex‡`i‡K|
GKKvjxb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi gš¿x Ges GgGbG
gwkDi ingvb‡K h‡kvi KvivMv‡i cvK †mbv‡`i
nv‡Z wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq|
Av‡iv hv‡`i nZ¨v Kiv nq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡Qb
Aa¨vcK Av‡bqvi cvkv, Aa¨vcK gywbiæ¾vgvb,
wMqvmDwÏb Avn‡g`, Wv. Avwjg †PŠayix, Wvt
dR‡j ivweŸ, Av.b.g †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv, L›`Kvi Avey
Zv‡je, knx` mv‡ei, kkvsK cvj, knx` ‰mq` bvRgyj
nK, K_v mvwnwZ¨K ûgvqyb Avn‡g‡`i Mwe©Z

218
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wcZv, D”Pc`¯’ cywjk Kg©KZ©v Zv‡KI a‡i wb‡q
hvq NvZK `j| wZwbI Avi wd‡i Av‡mwb| evsMvjx
RvwZ‡K †gavïb¨ Ki‡Z Gi bxj bKkv cÖ¯‘Z I
Kvh©Ki me©vZ¥K mn‡hvwMZv K‡iwQ‡jb
cvwK¯Ív‡bi mg_©K G‡`kxq Avje`i I Avj&&
kvgm evwnbxi e¨w³eM©| evsjv‡`wk †`vmi‡`i
mn‡hvwMZvq Pvjvq G‡`‡ki eyw×Rxex wba‡bi
nZ¨vhÁ| cvwK¯Ívb †mbv‡`i G‡`‡ki c_ NvU †K
Wv³vi, wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK, mvsevw`K ev Zv‡`i
evox N‡ii wVKvbv Gme Rvbvi K_v wQj bv|

mvgwiK AvB‡b e½eÜzi wePvi

cÖm½
1971 mv‡ji 25 †k gvP© Kv‡jv iv‡Z
cvwK¯Ívb †mvbvevwnbx c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡b
e¨vcK MYnZ¨v Pvjvq I wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v
K‡i| †m iv‡ZB evsjvi Awemsevw`Z †bZv
e½eÜz‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i KivPx‡Z wb‡q hvq|
1971 m‡bi 11 AvM‡÷ ivóª‡`ªvwnZvi
Awf‡hv‡M cvwK¯Ívb‡bi mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z
e½eÜzi weiæ‡× wePvi Kvh©¨ ïiæ nq|
cvwK¯Ív‡b †cÖwm‡W›U Gwnqv Lvb
219
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
cvwK¯Ív‡bi RvZxq msl‡` G †NvlYv †`b| G
wb‡q mviv we‡k¦ Zzgyj D‡ËRbv †`Lv †`q|
†mw`b e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gyw³i
`vwe‡Z jÛ‡bi nvBW cv‡K© GK cÖwZev` mfv
AbywôZ nq| D³ mfvq cÖvq 15/20 nvRvi gvbyl
Ask MÖnY K‡ib|
D³ mfvq Rbve Avey mC` †PŠayix †kL
gywReyi ingvb‡K kvwšÍi `~Z e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i Zv‡K Awej‡¤^ gyw³ Ges Zuvi Rxeb iÿvi
Rb¨ hy³ivóª‡K m‡Pó n‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb|
Ab¨w`‡K cÖevmx miKv‡ii cÖavbgb&KÎx
ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` 12 AvM÷ we‡k¦i e„nr
kw³e‡M©i wbKU Av‡e`b Rvbvb|
Zuvi Av‡e`‡bi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi
cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜx fviZxq
RvZxq msm‡`i Dfq mfvq †NvlYv K‡ib †h,
cwK¯Ív‡bi Av`vj‡Z †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi
cÖvYbv‡ki gZ hw` wKQz N‡U Z‡e fviZ miKvi
cvwK¯Ív‡bi weiæ‡× hy× Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡e|
cvwK¯Ívb‡K mZ©K K‡ib|

Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g

220
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wek¦m¤úª`v‡qi f‚wgKv
cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fviZ cÖ_g †_‡KB gyw³hy‡×i
mg_©b I mKj iKg mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|
Avwg© Awfhv‡bi ci cÖvq 1 †KvwU kivYv_x©
cÖvY f‡q fvi‡Z AvkÖq †bq| G‡`i g‡a¨ 80 jÿ wn›`y
Ges 20 jÿ gymjgvb| fviZ miKvi Avnvi, evm¯’vb mn
mKj iKg my‡hvM-myweav w`‡Z GwM‡q Av‡m|
G mgq cwðg evsjv Avmvg Ges wÎcyiv
Rbmvavi‡Yi Ae`vb wQ‡jv cÖksmbxq|
D‡jøL¨ fvi‡Zi gZ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb I
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv‡K mg_©b Rvbvb| 1971 mv‡ji
AvM÷ gv‡m fvi‡Zi m‡½ ivwkqvi kvwšÍ, eÜzZ¡ I
evwYR¨ Pzw³ ¯^vÿi K‡i| G‡Z fviZxq kw³ AwaKZi
e„w× cvq| hw` †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y cvwK¯Ív‡bi m‡½
hy× euv‡a Z‡e ivwkqv fvi‡Zi c‡ÿ _vK‡e|
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv
mg_©‡bi ci Av‡iv GKvwaK c~e©-BD‡ivwcq ivóª
evsjv‡`k‡K mg_©b I bvbvwe` mvnvh¨ I
mn‡hvwMZvq GwM‡q Av‡m|
wKš‘ `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ e„nr kw³ Av‡gwiKv
Ges Pvqbv mn KwZcq ivóª gyw³hy‡×i weiæwaZv
K‡i| wKš‘ G me †`‡ki RbmvaviY cvwK¯Ív‡bi
gvbeeZv we‡ivax RMb¨ MYnZ¨vi cÖwZev` gyLi

221
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
n‡q D‡V Ges me©vZ¥K mn‡hvwMZvq GwM‡q
Av‡m|
3 wW‡m¤^i 1971 cvwK¯Ívb fviZ AvµgY K‡i|
ïiæ nq fviZ cvwK¯Ívb mk¯¿ msMÖvg| fviZxq
†mbvevwnbxi †bZ…Z¡ †`b †mbvevwnbx cÖavb
†Rbv‡ij m¨vg evnv`yi gvwbK kvn| GB hy‡× fvi‡Zi
1 jÿ †mbv, wegvb I †bŠevwnbxi †mbv m`m¨
AskMÖnY K‡i|
`xN© AvU bq gvm msMÖv‡gi ci 4 wW‡m¤^i
cvwK¯Ívb †mbv evwnbx fvi‡Zi Dci mk¯¿ Awfhvb
Pvjvq| G wb‡q mviv we‡k¦ e¨vcK D‡ËRbv †`Lv
†`q|
G mgq wbivcËv cwil‡` gvwK©b cÖwZwbwa
†nbix wKwmÄvi hy× weiwZ Ges cvwK¯Ívb I
fviZ‡K ¯^ ¯^ †`‡k ˆmb¨ mwi‡q wb‡Z AvnŸvb
Rvbvb Ges GRb¨ wbivcËv cwil`‡K me iKg
cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z Aby‡iva K‡ib| wZwb
Dcgnv‡`‡k G D‡ËRbvi Rb¨ fviZ‡K `vqx K‡ib|
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi †eMwZK †`‡L RvZxms‡Ni
Riæix Awa‡ek‡b ¯’xZve¯’vi Av‡e`b Rvbvq| †m
mgq RvZxq ms‡Ni gnvmwPe wQ‡jb DÌvb|
wbivcËv cwil‡` Awa‡ekb ïiæ nIqvi ZrKvjxb
mgq gvwK©b cÖwZwbwa RR© WweøD eyk
Awfj‡¤^ hy× eÜ Ges wbR wbR †`‡ki mxgvbvq

222
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
‰mb¨ wdwi‡q †bIqvi ÿgZv cÖ`v‡bi cÖ¯‘ve DÌvcb
K‡ib| wKš‘ †mvwf‡qU ivwkqv G cÖ¯Ív‡e GKZidv
e‡j wec‡ÿ †fvU †`b| †cvj¨vÛ G cÖ¯Ív‡ei c‡ÿ †fvU
†`b| wKš‘ Bs‡jÛ Ges d«vÝ †fvU `v‡b weiZ _v‡K|
G wel‡q RvwZms‡N we‡kl Awa‡ek‡b
w¯’Zve¯’vi wm×všÍ n‡j †mvwf‡qU, ivwkqv †f‡Uv
cÖ‡qvM K‡i G wm×všÍ evwZj K‡i †`q|
1971 mv‡ji 9 wW‡m¤^i gvwK©b †cÖwm‡W›U
wgt wb·b 7Zg †bŠevwnbx‡K e‡½vcmv‡ii w`‡K
cvwK¯Ívb c‡ÿ hy× Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib
Ges wZwb †mmgq †mvwf‡qU †cÖwm‡W›U
†eªR‡bf‡K fviZ‡K hy× eÜ Ki‡Z Pvc w`‡Z
Aby‡iva K‡ib|
Ab¨w`‡K fvi‡Zi weiæ‡× e„nrkw³ Pvqbv, f‚Uvb
I wmwKg mxgv‡šÍ jÿvwaK ˆmb¨ mgv‡ek K‡i Ges
cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ hy× Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡i|
Av‡gwiKv mßg †bŠwenvi hLb e‡½vcmvMi
†_‡K 24 N›Uv `~iZ¡ †_‡K PUªMªvg †bŠe›`‡ii
w`‡K AMÖmiiZ| ZLb †mvwf‡qU †bŠevwnbxi 20
(wek) wU hy× RvnvR fviZ gnvmvM‡i Ae¯’vb †bq
Ges fvi‡Zi c‡ÿ hy‡×i †Nvlbv †`b| B‡Zvg‡a¨
cvwK¯Ívb evwnbx AvZ¥m¤ú‡Y©i †NvlYv †`q|
G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gvwK©b 7Zg †bŠeni hy‡× Ask
wb‡Z weiZ _v‡K| cvwK¯Ívb †kl ch©šÍ †h we‡`kx
223
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
mvnvh¨ Avkv K‡iwQ‡jv Zv e¨_© n‡q hvq| fv‡M¨
N‡U myPbxq civRq|
f‚Uvb cÖ_g ivóª evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^vaxb I
mve©‡fŠg ivóª wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i|
cieZx©‡Z 6B wW‡m¤^i 1971 m‡b fviZ miKvi I
¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i|
D‡jøL¨ B‡Zvc~‡e© we‡`‡k cvwK¯Ívb
`~Zvev‡mi evsjv‡`kx Kg©KZ©v evsjv‡`‡ki bZzb
cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i| ïay ZvB bq cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b
Kg©iZ †mbv, wegvb I †bŠ evwnbx A‡bK †mbv
m`m¨ Rxe‡bi SzuwK wb‡q wewfbœ Dcv‡q fviZxq
†mbv evwnbxi m‡½ hy³ n‡q hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i|
GB hy‡× wewfbœ †m±‡i wgÎevwnbxi wbKU 93
nvRvi cvK †mbv AvZ¥m¤úY© Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
Gfv‡e mKj †m±‡i fviZxq †mbv‡`i weRq Ae¨vnZ
_v‡K|
hy‡×i cÖ_g 3 w`b fviZxq wegvb evwnbx wgM
21 wegvb Ges cvwK¯Ívb wegv‡bi WM dvBU
cÖZ¨ÿ Kwi| 3 w`b hy‡×i cÖPÛZv wQj e¨cK|
GKch©v‡q fviZxq wegvb †_‡K jvL jvL wjd‡jU
Qvov nq Ges ejv nq AvZ¥m¤ú©Y Ki‡Z| †Zvgv‡`i
†bŠc_, wegvb c_, Ges AvKvkc_ eÜ| †Zvgiv GLb
e›`x|

224
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
G mg‡q cvK-‡mbvevwnbxi AvZ¥m¤ú©‡Yi
†NvlYv †`b| GB hy‡× fviZxq GK jvL †mbv
m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ wewfbœ †m±‡i wZb nvRvi fviZxq
ˆmb¨ wbnZ I knx` nb Ges `k nvRv‡ii AwaK AvnZ I
c½yZ¡ eiY K‡ib| GKB m‡½ fviZxq †UªwbscÖvß
gyw³evwnbx gyw³hy×, gyw³‡dŠR mn GKvwaK
evwnbx wewfbœ †m±‡i knx` nb|
Kv‡RB gyw³hy× GKK †Kv‡bv e¨w³ wKsev `‡ji
Kv‡iv Ae`vb wQj bv| RvwZag© fvlv eY© `jgZ
wbwe©‡k‡l G‡`‡ki mKj RbM‡Yi me©vZ¥
mn‡hvwMZvi d‡j Avgv‡`i G weRq AwR©Z
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GK_v A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bB †h †kL
gywReyi ingvb G mgq 9 gvm `„k¨c‡Ui evB‡i
_vK‡jI wZwb wQ‡jb †`k RbZvi kw³ I †cÖiYvi
Drm|

cvK evwnbxi AvZ¥m¤ú©Y

Ae‡k‡l G‡jv †mB w`b| nvRvi eQi a‡i evOvwji
cÖZxwÿZ gyw³i w`b| evsjv‡`k nvbv`vi gy³| †mB
w`b 16B wW‡m¤^i, 1971|

225
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
weªwUk †ewbqv‡`i hy‡×i bv‡g †h Awfb‡qi
gva¨‡g beve wmivD‡Ïvjvi civR‡qi evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv
m~h© A¯ÍwgZ n‡qwQ‡jv|
Bs‡iR miKv‡ii kvmb 190 eQi Ges cvK miKv‡ii
kvmb 24 eQi 10 gv‡mi `xN© msMÖv‡gi ci 214
eQi ci 1971 mv‡j 15 wW‡m¤^i-1757 mv‡j cjvkx
Av¤ªKvb‡b evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi A¯ÍwgZ m~h©
Avevi evsjvi AvKv‡k Dw`Z n‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi
m~h©|
nvRvi eQi a‡i `xN© msMÖvg mvabvi d‡j
cÖwZwôZ gyw³i w`b|
GKw`‡K wgÎevwnbx Ges evsjv‡`k
wegvbevwnbxi †hŠ_ Awfhv‡b cvK miKv‡ii mKj
`c© P‚Y© I weaŸ¯Í Ges 93 nvRvi cvwK¯Ívbx
evwnbx wewfbœ i¨v‡¼ AvZ¥¯§c©‡Yi eva¨ nq|
mKvj mv‡o 9Uvq nvbv`vi evwnbxi cÖavb †jt
†Rbv‡j G, G, †K, wbqvwR wgÎevwnbxi cÖavb
†Rbv‡ij gv‡bKkÕ‡K Rvbv‡jv t G‡mv- Avgiv †n‡i
†MwQ| AvZ¥¯§c©Y Ki‡ev| Zvi ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q
Qz‡U G‡jb A‡iviv| nvbv`vi evwnbx cÖavb A‡ivivi
mv‡_ ‡M‡jv †mvnivI©qv`ix D`¨v‡b| ¯^vÿi Ki‡jv
AvZ¥m¤ú©‡Yi `wj‡j| Zvici wb‡Ri wifjevi †ei K‡i
Zvi ey‡jU¸‡jv Ly‡j ivL‡jv †Uwe‡ji Ici| Lvwj

226
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wifjeviwU Zz‡j w`‡jv †Rbv‡ij A‡ivivi nv‡Z| Zvici
Iiv me e›`x n‡jv| evsjv‡`k n‡jv kÎæ gy³|
Ae‡k‡l G‡jv GB ¯^Y©vjx w`b|
†`k Ry‡o P‡j Avb‡›`i eb¨v| Rq evsjv †køvMv‡b
gyLwiZ mviv‡`k|
Kve¨K_vq t
Avgv‡`i GB evsjvi bvg
wek¦fyebgq
w`M‡šÍ GK bZzb w`‡bi
bZzb m~‡h©v`q|

kvmb-‡kvlY wbcxwoZ cÖvY

Ryjy‡gi w`b n‡jv Aemvb
RvMÖZ GB RbZvi †`k
RbZv K‡i‡Q Rq\

exi ev½vjx gyw³ †mbvi

S‡i †M‡jv K‡Zv cÖvY
G‡`k-gvwU gy³ K‡i‡Q
evsjvi mšÍvb|

AvR‡K ¯^vaxb †`‡ki AvKvk

¯^”Q Aeva eB‡Q evZvm
G‡jv MwZi bZzb cøveY
227
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
bexb Afz¨`q\

wKš‘ evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^cœ `ªóªv nvRvi

eQ‡ii †kÖô evOvwj †kL gywReyi ingvb gy³ bb|
cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i ïay e›`x bb, g„Zz¨`Û cÖvß
Avmvgx| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wek¦ Ry‡o P‡j D‡ËRbv|
ïay ZvB bq cvwK¯Ív‡bi wKQz mvgwiK evwnbx
Ges eyw×Rxex c~e© cvwK¯Ívb nvZ Qvov nIqvi
Rb¨ †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K `vqx K‡ib| G
cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi me©vwaK †fv‡U
wbe©vwPZ wcwc cÖavb RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvlY ÿgZv `Lj K‡ib 20 wW‡m¤^i
1971 m‡b Ges Bqvwnqv Lvb Ges †mbv cÖavb
Ave`yj nvwg`‡K e›`x K‡ib| fz‡Æv ÿgZvq G‡m †kL
gywRe‡K †`qv g„Zz¨`‡Ûi Av‡`k i` I iwnZ K‡ib
Ges wmnvjv ivóªxq AwZw_ fe‡b e½eÜzi mv‡_
†`Lv K‡ib Ges c~e© cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨
†hvMm~Î iÿv Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Gi Dˇi
e½eÜz e‡jb, Av‡M Avgv‡K Avgvi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q
†h‡Z `vI| Zvici Zv‡`i mv‡_ K_v bv e‡j †Kvb
cÖwZkÖæwZ w`‡Z cvi‡ev bv|
Gici fz‡Æv e½eÜz‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ †`Iqvi
wm×všÍ †bb| 7 Rvbyqvwi ga¨iv‡Zi ci e½eÜz‡K I
W. Kvgvj †nv‡mb‡K wb‡q wcAvB-Gi GKwU
we‡kl wegvb Bmjvgvev` Z¨vM K‡ib Ges hvÎvc‡_

228
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wegvbwU KivPx †_‡K Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi ¯¿x I `yB
†g‡q‡K Zz‡j †bq| 8 Rvbyqvwi †fvi mv‡o QqUvq
wegvbwU wn_‡iv wegvb e›`‡i wfAvBwc jvD‡Ä
Zuv‡K Af¨_©bv Rvbvb|
8 Rvbyqvwi weªwUk cÖavbgš¿x GWIqvW©
wn_ Zuvi 10 WvDwbs óªx‡U e½eÜzi m‡½ ‰eVK
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Aby‡iva Rvbvb| 9 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz‡K wb‡q
weªwUk ivóªxq wegvb evwnbxi GKwU we‡kl
wegv‡b jÛb Z¨vM K‡i| jÛb †_‡K wegv‡b fvi‡Zi
w`jøxi wegvb e›`‡i fvi‡Zi ivóª wfwfwMwi Ges
cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜx Ges gš¿x
cwil`MY Zuv‡K msea©bv Rvbvb|
10 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz `ycyi 1.45 wgwb‡Ui mgq
XvKvq †ZRMuvI wegvbe›`‡i AeZiY K‡ib| jÿ
RbZv iv¯Ívi cv‡k `uvwo‡q Zv‡K msea©bv Rvbvq|
†mLvb †_‡K e½eÜz GKwU †Lvjv Uªv‡K
†mviIqvi`x© D`¨v‡b †h‡Z cÖvq 2 N›Uv mgq
jv‡M| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 10 Rvbyqvwi ¯^‡`k
cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi gva¨‡g c~Y© n‡jv Avgv‡`i 9 gv‡mi
gyw³hy&× Ges nvRvi eQ‡ii ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|

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evsjv gv‡qi exi mšÍvb

229
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
gyw³ †mbvbx `j
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ey‡Ki i‡³ wjL‡j ¯^vaxb
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G‡b w`‡j PÂj\

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Av‡bv Av‡jv D”Q¡j\

230
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

mZ¨-wPišÍb
1947 m‡b fviZ wefv‡Mi mg‡q fvi‡Zi wewfbœ
AÂj †_‡K we‡kl K‡i wenvi, ga¨ cÖ‡`k I gymwjg
msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`k †_‡K AmsL¨ gymjgvb Zv‡`i
evoxNi wewbgq I †PŠÏ cyiæ‡li wfUvgvwU †Q‡o
c~e© cvwK¯Ívb I cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e evm
Kivi Rb¨ G‡`‡k bvMwiKZ¡ MÖnY K‡i| GUv wQj
ZLbKvi ALÛ fviZe‡l© †`k wefv‡Mi ivóªxq
wm×všÍ| hviv fviZ †_‡K c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b
¯’vqxfv‡e emevm Kivi Rb¨ P‡j Av‡mb Ges hviv
G‡`k †_‡K fvi‡Z P‡j †M‡Qb Zv‡`i evoxNi, mnvq,

231
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
m¤úwË †m †m‡`‡ki bvMwiK‡`i wewµ A_ev
wewbgq K‡i mewKQz cwiZ¨vM K‡i G‡`‡k
Av‡mb| Zv‡`i c‡ÿ Ab¨ †Kvb Dcvq wQjbvÑ hvi
hvi c~e© Ae¯’v‡b wd‡i hvIqvi| 1947 m‡bi
¯^vaxbZvi ci fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K KZ msL¨K
gymjgvb c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡b bvMwiKZ¡ wb‡qwQ‡jb
Zv‡`i †hgb mwVK †Kv‡bv cwimsL¨vb †bB †Zgwb
gyw³hy‡×i mgq G‡`i KZRb knx` n‡q‡Qb Zvi †Kvb
wnmve Av‡Q wKbv Avgv‡`i Rvbv †bB|
GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ Avgiv hv‡`i 1947 m‡bi Av‡M
Rb¥ Zviv mevB wQjvg weªwUk kvwmZ ALÛ
fvi‡Zi Awaevmx weªwUk bvMwiK| fviZxq RvZxq
Ks‡MÖm I gymwjg jx‡Mi `xN© msMÖv‡gi ci
1947 m‡bi ¯^vaxbZv| Gi †cQ‡b msMÖvg I i³Sivi
BwZnvm Kg bq| †m mgq Avgiv hviv weªwUk‡`i
weiæ‡× msMÖvg K‡iwQ Zviv mevB wQjvg
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb wek¦vmx| gnvb
†bZv †kL gywReyi ingvb GKB Av`‡k© wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| G A‡_© cvwK¯Ívb Kv‡iv `qvi `vb wQj bv|
GUv wQj fviZxq gymwjg ivRbxwe`‡`i `yi`wk©Zv
I AK¬všÍ mvabv I msMÖv‡gi dmj|
Kv‡RB nVvr K‡i cvwK¯Ívb †f‡O hvK GUvI
A‡b‡K fvwewb| 1947 m‡b Avgv‡`i msMÖvg wQj

232
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
cwðg cvwK¯Ívbx‡`i AvwacZ¨ev‡`i weiæ‡×| e½eÜz
†kL gywRe mviv cvwK¯Ív‡bi wbe©vwPZ †bZv
wQ‡jb| wZwbI wbe©vwPZ msm`xq KwgwUi †bZv
wn‡m‡e cvwK¯Ív‡bi cÖavbgš¿xi `vex`vi wQ‡jb Ñ
Kv‡RB cvwK¯Ívb fvOvi Rb¨ g~j †nvZv
cvwK¯Ív‡bi †K›`ªxq miKvi I cvwK¯Ív‡bi
mvgwiK cÖkvmKe„›`| GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨
1971 m‡b †h mg¯Í exi gyw³‡hv×v knx` n‡q‡Qb
Zviv mevB Avgv‡`i GB c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi
bvMwiK| Zviv Kv‡iv fvB, wKsev †Q‡j, Kv‡iv
¯^vgx, Kv‡iv wcZv|
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wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb, Kv‡iv †evb, Kv‡iv ¯¿x,
Kv‡iv †g‡q| evB‡i †KD bq| Kv‡RB Gi mwVK
cwimsL¨vb Kiv nqwb| †Kv‡bv ÿgZvmxb ivR
‰bwZK `jB G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q e‡j
Rvbv †bB|
Avgv‡`i miKvi gyw³‡hv×v‡`i Kj¨v‡Y
me©vwaK Zrci Ges wewfbœ Dbœqbg~jK
Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv K‡i Avm‡Qb| D‡jøL¨ fvlv
Av‡›`vjb bv n‡j gyw³hy× n‡Zv bv| fvlv ˆmwbKiv
cÖ_g mvwii gyw³‡hv×v| wKš‘ `ytL RbK n‡jI mZ¨

233
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
fvlv ˆmwbK‡`i gyw³‡hv×v wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv `~‡ii
K_v miKvix fv‡e †Kv‡bv ZvwjKvI Kiv nqwb|
1971 m‡b Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg hLb ïiæ
nq ZLb cvwK¯Ív‡b RbmsL¨v Kg †ewk mvZ
†KvwUi g‡Zv| G i³ÿqx msMÖvg P‡j bq gvm Z_v
9X30 = 270 w`b| hw` wÎk jÿ †jvK gyw³hy‡× knx`
nb| Z‡e cÖwZw`b M‡o cÖvq GMv‡iv nvRvi †jvK
gyw³hy‡× cÖvY nvwi‡q‡Qb| ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡g
AR¯¿ †jvK cÖvY nvwi‡q‡Qb| wbh©vwZZ
n‡q‡Qb AmsL¨ bvix| AmsL¨ hy× wkï †`k we‡`‡k
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†Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| hy‡× hviv wbnZ n‡q‡Q Zuviv
knx`| wKš‘ †h mg¯Í bvix wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Qb
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m½xZ iPbv K‡iwQ|
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RvwZi exiv½bv
hyM hyM a‡i Ki‡e G RvwZ
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we‡k¦I hZ gyw³ cw_K
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AwMœ DËRbv\

me©nviv G ea~ gvZv Rvqv

Zz”Q G Acgvb
†Zvgiv D”P RxweZ knx`

234
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
gwngvq gnxqvb\

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†ewk e‡jB Avgvi aviYv| Avgiv hviv †`‡k wQjvg
hy× Aemv‡b †jvK gy‡L cÖPwjZ wQj †h- G bq
gvm msMªv‡g †`‡ki wewfbœ As‡k 50/60 nvRvi
bvix wbh©vwZZ Ges 80/90 nvRvi gyw³‡hv×v
wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| hw`I GmeB wQj †Kvbiƒc
cwimsL¨K Qvov Abygvb wfwËK| welqwU AZ¨šÍ
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n‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ †jvK j¾vi f‡q bxi‡eB `ytL hš¿Yv
mn¨ K‡i‡Qb| gvb m¤§v‡bi f‡q †Kvbw`b gyL
†Lv‡jb wb|
G cÖm‡½ cvwK¯Ívb wW‡dÝ gwbUwis-Gi
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Z`šÍ µ‡g Zviv †`‡L‡Qb †h Ñ G hy‡× †gv‡UB wÎk
jÿ †jvK gviv hvq wb| Gi mZ¨Zv mv‡cÿ Zviv
wewfbœ hyw³ I wewfbœ e¨w³i m‡½ Avjvc-
Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Ges ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x †eMg
Lv‡j`v wRqvi m‡½I G wel‡q gZ wewbgq K‡ib|
235
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wZwbI G msL¨vi m‡½ GKgZ bb e‡j `vex K‡ib|
GQvov G mgq cvwK¯Ívb †mbv m`m¨ I
cvwK¯Ív‡bi eû bvMwiK Ôbb †e½wjÕ cÖvY
nvwi‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i msL¨v wbiƒcY Kiv nqwb|
(Z_¨m~Î: cÖ_g Av‡jv 8/12/12 †jLK : nvmvb
†di‡`Šm)|
G cÖm‡½ wewewm, iqUvi, G,Gd,wc, Gwci
†Pv‡L I AÁvZ cwiP‡q we‡klÁ‡`i eivZ w`‡q
wewewm evsjv‡K gyw³hy‡× wÎk jÿ knx` nqwb e‡j
gšÍe¨ K‡ib - G msL¨v eo‡Rvi wZb jvL †_‡K cuvP
jvL n‡Z cv‡i e‡j gZ cÖKvk K‡ib| †idv‡iÝ :
evsjv‡`k cÖwZw`b 24 Rvbyqvwi, 2013)|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ wewfbœ cÎcwÎKvi 2 jÿ 60 nvRvi
knx` n‡q‡Qb e‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q hvi mZ¨Zv
Dwo‡q †`Iqv hvq bv|
G cÖm‡½ 21Ryb 2008 mv‡j gvbeRwgb
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`b Zz‡j aiv n‡jvt 1971
mv‡ji evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× 2 jvL 69 nvRvi
†jvK knx` n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Gi
Av‡M †h msL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv G msL¨v
Zvi †P‡q 5¸Yv †ekx|
c~‡e© evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× knx‡`i
msL¨v wQ‡jv gvÎ 60 (lvU) nvRvi| Z_¨m~Î: weªwUk
†gwW‡Kj RvY©vj|
236
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
gyw³‡hv×v I exiv½bv‡`i Rb¨ Ges Zv‡`i
DËivwaKvix‡`i Rb¨ PvKix wkÿv Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ
RvqMvq my‡hvM myweav †eZb fvZv I wba©vwiZ
†KŠVv Av‡Q| eZ©gv‡b miKvix ZvwjKvq KwZcq
exiv½bv I K‡qK jvL gyw³‡hv×v G my‡hvM
myweav †c‡q Avm‡Q| wKš‘ GL‡bv hviv Zv‡`i
DËimyix Zviv †Kvbw`b Rvb‡ZI cvi‡ebv Ges Me©
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`v`v, AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb, gv-‡evb, dzcy, PvPx
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my‡hvM myweav w`‡q‡Qb Zv †_‡KI Zviv
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msL¨vwUi Kg‡ekx n‡jI G‡Z Rbg‡b cÖkœ _vK‡Zv
bv|
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mZ¨‡K Zz‡j aivB GKRb M‡el‡Ki Rxeb ag©|
mZ¨ wPiw`bB mZ¨| b¨vq-bxwZ I m‡Z¨i Rb¨
mewKQzB Z¨vM Kiv hvq| wKš‘ mewKQzi Rb¨
mZ¨‡K Z¨vM Kiv hvq bv|
b¨vq-bxwZ mZ¨-my›`i gvbweK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dci
c„w_ex `Ûvqgvb| mZ¨ I Av`‡k©i g„Zz¨ †bB|

237
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
†hLv‡b gyw³hy‡×i mgq AvovB jv‡Li ‡ekx
gvbyl wbnZ n‡qwQj e‡j gZ‡e` †mLv‡b 30 jvL
gvbyl wbnZ Ges `yB jvL gvbyl wbh©vwZZ n‡q‡Q
e‡j e¨vL¨v we‡kølY Kiv †Kvbµ‡g hyw³hy³ bq|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ G wel‡q wewfbœ cÎcwÎKvq 2 jÿ 60
nvRvi knx` n‡q‡Qb e‡j cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| hv
†Kvbfv‡eB Dwo‡q †`qv hvq bv| G cÖm‡½ 21 Ryb
2008 gvbeRxeb cÖKvwkZ cÖwZ‡e`bwU GLv‡b
Zz‡j aiv n‡jv t
1971 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× 2 jÿ 69
nvRvi †jvK wbnZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× Gi
Av‡M †h msL¨v D‡jøL Kiv n‡qwQj G msL¨v Zvi
cÖvq 5¸Y| c~‡e© evsjv‡`‡k ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× wbn‡Zi
†h msL¨v wQj Zv wQj gvÎ 60 (lvU) nvRvi|

[Z_¨m~Î t weªwUk †gwW‡Kj RvY©vj]

238
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
e½eÜz ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b
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†`k Ry‡o P‡j Avb‡›`i eb¨v| Rq evsjv †køvMv‡b
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Bqvwnqv Lvb‡K `vqx K‡ib| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cwðg
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cÖavb RyjwdKvi Avjx fz‡Æv cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvlY
ÿgZv `Lj K‡ib 20 wW‡m¤^I 1971 m‡b Ges
Bqvwnqv Lvb Ges †mbv cªavb Ave`yj nvwg`‡K
e›`x K‡ib| f~‡Æv ÿgZvq G‡m †kL gywRe‡K †`qv
g„Zz¨`‡Ûi Av‡`k i` I iwnZ K‡ib Ges wmnvjv
ivóªxq AwZw_ fe‡b e½eÜzi mv‡_ †`Lv K‡ib Ges
c~e© cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡bi g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î iÿv Kivi
AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Gi DˇI e½eÜz e‡jb, Av‡M
Avgv‡K Avgvi RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †h‡Z `vI| Zv‡`i
mv‡_ K_v bv e‡j †Kvb cÖæwZkÖæwZ w`‡Z
cvi‡ev bv|

239
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
Gici f~‡Æv e½eÜz‡K wbtkZ© gyw³ †`Iqvi
wm×všÍ †bb| 7 Rvbyqvwi ga¨iv‡Zi ci e½eÜz‡K I
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we‡kl wegvb Bmjvgvev` Z¨vM K‡ib Ges hvÎvc‡_
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wegv‡b jÛb Z¨vM K‡ib| jÛb †_‡K wegv‡b fvi‡Zi
w`jøxi wegvbe›`‡I fvi‡Zi ivóª wfwfwMwi Ges
cÖavb kÖxwgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜx Ges gš¿x cwil`MZ
Zuv‡K msea©bv Rvbvb|
10 Rvbyqvwi e½eÜz `ycyi 1.45 wgwb‡Ui mgq
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†mviIqvi`x© D`¨v‡b †h‡Z cÖvq 2 N›Uv mgq
jv‡M| †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi 10 Rvbyqvwi ¯^‡`k

240
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi gva¨‡g c~Y© n‡ijv Avgv‡`I 9 gv‡mi
gyw³hy× Ges nvRvi ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg|
10 Rvbyqvwi 1972 e½eÜzi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi
w`‡b Avgiv Mfxi AvMÖn I DÏxcbvi m‡½ †`kevmx
mewKQz Ae‡jvKb K‡iwQjvg| XvKv kni †mw`b
†jv‡K †jvKvi‡Y¨| K‡Ú ÔRq evsjv, Rq e½eÜzÕ|
Ae‡k‡l A‡cÿvi cvjv †kl| IB w`b `ycyi 2Uvq w`wjø
†_‡K e½eÜz‡K enbKvix wegvb evsjvi gvwU ¯úk©
Ki‡j m„wó nq GK Av‡eMNb gyn~Z©| e½eÜz
cÖavbš¿x ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g`‡K Rwo‡q a‡i
AkÖæwm³ bq‡b Av‡eMgq †Pnvivq RbM‡Yi
cÖwZ Awfe¨w³ cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb
cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi c‡i Av‡eMNb K‡Ú e‡jwQ‡jb- †n
Kwe¸iæ Avcwb G‡m †`‡L hvb, Avgvi mvZ
†KvwU evOvwj AvR gvbyl n‡q‡Q| Avcwb
e‡jwQ‡jb : mvZ †KvwU mšÍv‡bi †n gy» Rbbx
†i‡L‡Qv evsMvjx K‡i gvbyl K‡ivwb|
†mw`b weKvj 5Uvq †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cÖvq 10
jvL †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z fvlY w`‡Z wM‡q e½eÜz
Av‡eMcøveyZ n‡q e‡jwQ‡jb- †bZv wnmv‡e bq,
fvB wnmv‡e Avwg Avgvi †`kevmx‡K ejwQ,
Avgv‡`i mvaviY gvbyl hw` AvkÖq bv cvq, K‡ó
_v‡K, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i GB ¯^vaxbZv e¨_© n‡q hv‡e
c~Y© n‡e bv| Avgv‡`i GLb ZvB A‡bK KvR Ki‡Z

241
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
n‡e| Avgv‡`i iv¯Ív-NvU †f‡O †M‡Q, †m¸‡jv
†givgZ Ki‡Z n‡e| hy×weaŸ¯Í †`k c~bM©V‡b
mKj‡K GK †hv‡M GwM‡q †h‡Z n‡e| e½eÜz
cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i mvgwiK AvB‡b wePvi
cÖm‡½ e‡jb t Avwg cvK miKvi‡K e‡jwQjvg nqZ
Avwg weR‡qi †e‡k ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k wdi‡ev| b‡Pr
Avgvi g„Z‡`n Avgvi †`‡k cvwV‡q w`I|
e³…Zv`vbKv‡j e½eÜzi KÚ evievi evKiæ× n‡q
AvmwQj| iægvj w`‡q wZwb †PvL gy‡Q
wbw”Q‡jb| RvwZi wcZv †im‡Kvm© gq`v‡b cÖvq
17 wgwbU RvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¸iæZ¡cyY© fvlY †`b, hv
wQj RvwZi Rb¨ w`Kwb‡`©k©bv| e½eÜzi 7 gv‡P©
fvlY nj 18 wgwbU mg‡qi|

ivóªcwZ †_‡K cªavbgš¿x

gnvb gyw³hy‡×I mgq e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ingvb wQ‡jb cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡I e›`x| wKš‘
†mgq wZwb A¯’vqx miKv‡ii ivóªcwZ| fvicÖvß
ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg `vwqZ¡ cvjb

242
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
K‡ib Ges cÖavbgš¿x `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb ZvRDÏxb
Avn‡g`|
`xN© bq gvm hy‡×i ci cvwK¯Ívb nvbv`vi‡`i
AvZ¥m¤ú‡Y©i ci 10B Rvbyqvix wZwb weRqx
†e‡k ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e c`vc©Y
K‡ib| Gi GKw`b ci, 11B Rvbyqvix cÖevmx
miKv‡ii `vwqZ¡ Z¨vM K‡i cÖavbgš¿xi
`vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| Gi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wQj
hy×wea¯Í †`‡ki cyb©MVb Ges myôz cwiw¯’wZ
†gvKv‡ejv Kiv|
11B Rvbyqvix cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g‡`i
evmfe‡b e½eÜzi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ cÖevmx gš¿x cwil‡`I
GK ˆeVK AbywôZ nq| D³ ˆeV‡K ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki msm`xq miKvi e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kivi
me©m¤§Z wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| cÖavbgš¿x Gici
mvgwqK msweavb ¯’wMZ K‡ib Ges †`‡k
msweavb I msm`xq kvmbe¨e¯’v Pvjy Kiv nq|
cieZx©‡Z gš¿xcwil‡`i nv‡ZB mKj ÿgZv Ac©Y
K‡ib|
12B Rvbyqvwi †kL gywReyi ingvb
cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| H w`b weKvj
4Uvq e½fe‡b bZzb gš¿x‡`I kc_ MÖnY Kiv nq|
ivóªcwZ kc_ Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Gi Av‡M
wewa †gvZv‡eK mKj AvbyôvwbKZv m¤úbœ Kiv
nq| bZzb ivóªcwZ Avey mvC` †PŠayix‡K ivóªcwZ
wn‡m‡e kc_ evK¨ cvV Kivb ZrKvjxb cÖavb
wePvicwZ Avey mv`Z †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg|

243
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
kc_ Abyôvb cwiPvjbv Kiv nq evsjvq| Gmgq
cÖevmx miKv‡ii cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g`
Av‡eMcøveyZ n‡q e‡jb, cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e
`vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡q bvbv NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Zi g‡a¨
†`k‡K ¯^vaxb K‡iwQ| Avjøvn‡K mvg‡b †i‡L
†`k‡K gy³ K‡i Avevi †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi nv‡Z
cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ Zz‡j w`‡Z wb‡R‡K ab¨
K‡iwQ|
‡kL gywReyi ingvb cÖavbgš¿xi `vwqZ¡ wb‡q
mv‡eK cÖavbgš¿x ZvRDwÏb Avn‡g` Ges
cÖevmvx miKv‡ii f~qmx cÖksmv K‡ib Ges K…
ZÁZv Rvbvb|
13B Rvbyqvwi 1971 mv‡j gš¿x mfvi m`m¨‡`i
g‡a¨ `ßi e›Ub Kiv nq|
1| †kL gywReyi ingvb t cÖwZiÿv, ¯^ivóª, Z_¨ I
†eZvi, gš¿xcwil` I ms¯’vcb gš¿Yvjq|
2| ‰mq` bRiæj Bmjvg t wkí I evwYR¨
gš¿Yvjq|
3| ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g` t A_©, cwiKíbv, ivR¯^
gš¿Yvjq|
4| gbmyi Avjx t †hvMv‡hvM gš¿Yvjq|
5| L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` t we`y¨r I †mP Ges
eb gš¿Yvjq|
6| Avãym mvgv` AvRv` t ciivóª gš¿Yvjq|
7| Kvgiæ¾vgvb t ÎvY I c~b©evmb gš¿Yvjq|
8| ‡kL Ave`yj AvwRR t ¯’vbxq cÖkvmb, cjøx
Dbœqb I mgevq gš¿Yvjq|

244
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
9| Aa¨vcK BDmyd Avjx t wkÿv I ms¯‹…wZ
gš¿Yvjq|
10| wRjøyi Avn‡g` †PŠayix t kÖg, ¯^v¯’¨ I
cwievi cwiKíbv gš¿Yvjq|
11| W±i Kvgvj †nv‡mb t AvBb, msm` I
msweavb welqK gš¿Yvjq|
1971 mv‡ji 19 †k Rvbyqvix gš¿xcwil‡` AviI
wZbRb AwZwi³ gš¿x wb‡qvM Kiv nq| Giv n‡jb t
1| Gg. Avi. wmwÏKx 2| kvgQzj nK 3| gwZDingvb
1970 mv‡j, †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwnqvi Avg‡j RvZxq
cwil` Ges cÖv‡`wkK cwil‡`I m`m¨‡`i wm×v‡šÍ
W±i Kvgvj †nv‡m‡bi †bZ„‡Z¡ 34 m`m¨ mgš^‡q
msweavb cÖYqb KwgwU MVb Kiv nq|
Gici P‡j cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi
hy×weaŸ¯Í †`k MV‡bi `yiƒn c_hvÎv| G cÖm‡½
1972 mv‡ji UvBg g¨vMvwR‡bi 15B Rvbyqvwi
msL¨vq e½eÜzi Ae`vb D‡jøL K‡i e‡jb, MZ
Aa©kZvãx‡Z fviZxq ivRbxwZi BwZnv‡m
gnvZ¥v MvÜx, †gnv¤§` Avjx wRbœvn, cwÛZ
Rûiæj jvj †b‡niæ cÖgyL fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki
BwZnv‡m e¨vcK cÖfvekvjx †bZv cÖwZwôZ
n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q Av‡iKwU bvg
†kL gywReyi ingvb|

245
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
evKkv‡ji cUf~wg
1972 m‡b 10B Rvbyqvwi cvwK¯Ív‡bi
KvivMvi †_‡K †kL gywRe gyw³ jvf K‡i †`‡k wd‡i
†NvlYv K‡ib †h, evsjv‡`k n‡e we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg †kÖô
MYZvwš¿K †`k| wKš‘ Zvi kvmbvg‡j Zvi
AvšÍwiKZvi Afve bv _vK‡jI †`‡ki Ave¯’vb I
cwiw¯’wZ µ‡g µ‡g †Nvjv‡U n‡Z _v‡K|
1974 mv‡j `ywf©‡ÿi mg‡q Lv`¨fv‡e K‡qKjvL
gvbyl cÖvY nvivq| G my‡hv‡M me©nvivi g‡Zv
wewfbœ `j I evwnbx gv_vPvov w`‡q D‡V mgv‡R
AkvwšÍ m„wó Ki‡Z _v‡K| ZrKvjxb Rvm‡`I DMÖ
AvPiY, wmivR wmK`v‡ii Pigcš’x Kvh©Kjvc I
Zv‡`I A‰bwZK msMÖv‡g nvRvi nvRvi
wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Rxeb wecbœ n‡q c‡o| ZLb mviv‡`‡k
GK cÖKvi Îv‡mi ivRZ¡ Kv‡qg nq| GgbwK
wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwaMY (Ggwc) cÖv‡Yi f‡q
wbR GjvKvq †h‡Z cviwQj bv| GgbwK cywjk †ókb
I _vbv †_‡K A¯¿ jyU n‡Z ïiæ nq| G Ae¯’vq eva¨
n‡q 1975 m‡b GK`jxq kvmb (evKkvj) cÖwZwôZ
nq|

Z_¨ m~Î : evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZw`b 5 b‡f¤^i, 2012|

246
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

QvÎ m‡¤§j‡b †kL gywRey‡i fvlY

1973 m‡b †kL gywRey‡ii kvmbvg‡j 19 †k AvM÷

QvÎjx‡Mi GK Abyôv‡b †kL gywRe †NvlYv
K‡ibÑ Gfv‡e ÔQvÎ fvB‡ev‡biv †`‡ki Ae¯’v fv‡jv
bv| †Pvi, fvUcvi‡`I R¡vjvq Avwg w`‡knviv| Avwg
†hw`‡K ZvKvB †mw`‡KB †Pvi| mevB wb‡Ri
¯^v_© wb‡q e¨¯Í| hv‡`I Dci fimv Ki‡Z cvwi|
†Kv_vI fv‡jv †jvK cvB bv, hv‡`I Dci Kv‡Ri
`vwqZ¡ w`‡Z cvwi| hv‡K fvi †`B †mB Pzwi K‡i|
GRb¨ †Zvgv‡`i ejwQ Avgv‡K †jvf-jvjmvi D‡aŸ©
†mvbvi gvbyl `vI| †h‡bv Kvw•LZ †mvbvi evsjv
M‡o cvwi| Zv bvn‡j cvi‡ev bv| GLb cÖ‡qvRb
RbgZ MVb Kiv| Avgv‡`I msMÖvg †kl nq bvB|
Gev‡ii msMÖvg †`k Movi msMÖvg|

247
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
Z_¨ m~Î : evsjv‡`k cÖwZ 8 AvM÷, 2012Bs cxi nvweeyi ingvb
Kjvg †_‡K|

Avwg wb‡Ri Kv‡b ZuviB fvlY ï‡b AbycÖvwYZ

nB| KviY †`ke¨vwc GB AivRKcwiw¯’wZ‡Z Avgvi
¯^P‡ÿ †`Lv Ges AbycÖvwYZ n‡q Avwg `ywU
msMxZ iPbv Kwi|

1| †mvbvi evsjv Mo‡Z‡i fvB

†mvbvi gvbyl PvB
†jvf jvjmvi D‡aŸ© †hRb
†Kv_vq Zv‡i cvB|

2| Avq‡i QzZvi Avq‡i Kvgvi

Avq‡i Pvlx fvB
†`k Movi Kv‡R G‡mv
mevB †j‡M hvB\

248
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
Kzgvi evbvI nuvwo cvwZj
Avq‡i Kg©Kvi
†mvbviæ fvB evbvI n‡iK
†mvbvi AjsKvi
Pj †R‡j fvB gvQ awi‡Z
Mv‡O †bŠKv evB\

K…lK kÖwgK gy‡U gRyi

†h hvi Kg© K‡iv
dmj djvI LvUbx Lv‡Uv
GB †`k‡K M‡ov
mevi gy‡L nvwmi †iLv
dzUzK& †i †ivkbvB\

gyw³hy× I ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg

Avgv‡`i gnvb gyw³hy× ïiæ nq 1971 mv‡ji 25
†k gv‡P©i cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbxi Acv‡ikb
mvP© jvBU †_‡K| GB Acv‡ik‡b c~e©cvwK¯Ívb
†_‡K `j gZ wbwe©‡k cÖvq GK †KvwU †jvK
cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fvi‡Z AvkÖq †bq| Gmgq fviZ
miKvi ïay AvkÖq I Abœe¯¿ w`‡q mnvqZv K‡iwb|
GB GK †KvwU gvby‡li ga¨ †_‡K hv‡`i eqm 16
†_‡K 25 †Zgb QvÎ-wkÿK evQvB K‡i cÖvq 60/70
nvRvi †K †Uªwbs w`‡q Dchy³ K‡i M‡o †Zv‡jb|
GB †UªwbscÖvß Ges Kv‡`wiqv evwnbx, †ngv‡qZ
evwnbx QvovI GKvwaK evwnbx Rxeb evwR †i‡L

249
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
mivmwi gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡ib| AvbygvwbK
GK jvL ev †`o jvL I n‡Z cv‡i|
fviZ miKvi Zv‡`i‡K Ôgyw³‡hv×vÕ e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| GB †Uªwbs cÖvß gyw³‡hv×vivB
fviZxq †mbvevwnbxi ZË¡veav‡b wewfbœ RvqMvq
†Mwijv ZrciZv Pvwj‡q cvwK¯Ívb †mbvevwnbx‡K
ZU¯’ K‡i iv‡Lb|
wKš‘ Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg ïiæ n‡q‡Q
1957 mv‡ji cjvkxi Av¤ª Kvb‡b beve wmivRD‡Ïvjvi
civR‡qi Av‡iv nvRvi eQi Av‡M| 1204 mv‡j
eLwZqvi wLjRx wn›`yivRv jÿY †m‡bi cZ‡bi
gva¨‡g ¸ß esk cvj esk Ges †mb es‡ki ivRv weRq
†m‡bi c‡i myjZvb Avg‡j Ges †gvNj Avg‡j `vD`
Lv‡bi cyÎ †mvjvqgvb KiivwY ¯^vaxb evsjvi Rb¨
AvZ¥`vb K‡i‡Qb| evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi m~h© H
A¯ÍwgZ nIqvi ci †_‡KB `xN© c_-cwiµgvq
wmcvnx we‡`ªvn, gxi Kv‡kg I nvRx kixqZ Djøvn
divRx Av‡›`vjbiZ, iscy‡i K…lK mvay, mbœvmx,
wUcy-myjZv‡bi ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg, ZxZzgx‡ii
euv‡ki †Kjøv, Bs‡iR‡`i 190 eQ‡ii `ytkvm‡b
wecøex ÿzw`ivg, cÖdzjø PvKx, m~h© †mb,
cÖxwZjZv, BjvwgÎ myfvm emy cÖgyL Ges 1946
mv‡j fviZ e¨vcx wn›`y-gymwjg, wkL `v½v,
RvwjqvbvevM nZ¨vKvÛ Ges cvwK¯Ív‡bi 24 eQi
250
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
`ytkvm‡bi ci weªwUk weZvob I ¯^vaxbZvi m~h©
mšÍvb wn‡m‡e kÖ×vi m‡½ ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb
knx` wZZzgxi, gnvivRb›`Kzgvi, cÖdzjøPvKx,
hZxb gy‡Lvcva¨vq m‡Z¨b emy, `x‡bk gRyg`vi,
hZxb `vk, webq emy I KbKjZv, evNvhZxb, iwe
wb‡qvMx I cÖgyL|
1969 MY Av‡›`vjb fvlv Av‡›`vjb, gyw³hy×|
1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^‡i evsjvi AvKv‡k
Avevi D`q n‡jv ¯^vaxbZvi m~h©| GB `xN©-mg‡qi
g‡a¨ KZ gvbe-wkï c„w_ex †_‡K nvwi‡q †M‡Q|
KZ †evb Zvi nvwi‡q‡Q fvB, Rbbxiv mšÍvb|
G msL¨v †Kvbµ‡gB GK‡KvwU †_‡K †`o
†KvwUi †ewk †_‡K Kg bq|
D‡jøL¨ Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg I
gyw³hyׇK GK m‡½ ¸wj‡q †djvi Rb¨ G weåvwšÍ
m„wó e‡j Agv‡`i aviYv|

e½eÜz evsjv‡`k GK m~‡Î Muv_v

Avgv‡`i `xN© bq gvm gyw³hy‡×i mgq e½eÜz
wQ‡jb GB `„k¨c‡Ui evB‡i cvwK¯Ív‡bi KvivMv‡i
g„Zz¨`Û cÖvß Avmvwg| wKš‘ Gi Av‡MB †kL
gywRe wQ‡jb `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l G‡`‡ki
251
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
Awemsevw`Z †bZv e½eÜz| wZwb ivRbxwZ‡Z
cÖ‡ek K‡ib 1939 m‡b QvÎ Ae¯’vq| ZLb ALÛ
fviZe‡l© fviZxq Ks‡MÖm Ges gymwjg jxM fviZ
wefvM I e„wUk weZi‡Yi Av‡›`vj‡b iZ wQj| 1906
mv‡j fviZxq gymwjg jx‡Mi cÖwZôvi ci gymwjg
jx‡Mi ivR‰bwZK QvÎ dª›U wQj gymwjg QvÎjxM|
†kL gywRe wQ‡jb gymwjg QvÎjx‡Mi mwµq
Kwg©| †gŠjvbv Ave`yj nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx I
†nv‡mb knx` †mviIqvi`x© wZwb wQ‡jb fvekxl¨
Ges Am¤úªv`vwqK I MYZvwš¿K ivóª-mgvR
e¨e¯’vq kc_`xß cÖvY|
cvwK¯Ívb miKvi AvMiZjv lohš¿ gvgjv mn bvbv
iKg weeZ©bg~je e¨e¯’v I †Rj Ryjyg w`‡q cvK
miKvi Zvi KÉ iæ× Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| Zvi 6 `dv
Av‡›`vjb Ges 1971 mv‡j †im‡Kv‡m©i 7 gv‡P©i
fvlY ÔGev‡ii msMÖvg Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi
msMÖvg Gev‡ii msMÖvg gyw³i msMÖvgÕ|
1970 m‡bi wbe©vP‡b wZwb 169wU Avm‡bi
g‡a¨ 167wU Avmb †c‡q ÿgZvi kx‡l P‡j Av‡mb|
wKš‘ MY‡fv‡U& wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ciI cvK miKvi
hLb MYZvwš¿K kvmY e¨e¯’v gvb‡Z Abxnv
cÖKvk K‡i ZLb †kL gywRe 1971 m‡bi 1jv gvP©
kvwšÍcyY© Am‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi WvK †`q| Zuvi

252
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
A½ywj †nj‡b c~e©cvwK¯Ív‡bi kvlY ÿgZv Zvi
AwaKv‡i P‡j Av‡m|
e½eÜz we‡k¦i GKgvÎ ivR‰bwZK e¨w³Z¡|
whwb Am‡hvM Av‡›`vj‡bi mwVK I mv_©K fv‡e
ivR‰bwZK nvwZqvi wnmv‡e e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb|
G‡ÿ‡Î Zuvi m‡½ Zzjbv nq GKgvÎ fvi‡Zi RvZxi
wcZv gnvZ¥v MvÜx gvwU©b jy_vi wKs Ges
`wÿY Avwd«Kvi Awemsevw`Z †bZv †jbmb
gv‡Ûjv|
GLv‡b bv ej‡jB bq 7 gv‡P©i †`kevmxi D‡Ï‡k¨
e‡jwQ‡jb Avwg hw` ûKzg w`‡Z bvI cvwi ZeyI
†Zvgv‡`i hvi Kv‡Q hvB Av‡Q ZvB wb‡q kÎæi
†gvKv‡ejv Kiev| evsjvi gvbyl Zvi G AvnŸvb Aÿi
Aÿ‡i cvjb Ki‡Z fzj Kwiwb|
ZvB RvwZ-ag© fvlv eY© `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l
G‡`‡ki gvbyl Rxeb evwR †i‡L gyw³hy‡× Suvwc‡q
c‡owQj| ZviB bv‡g hy× cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q|
†`kevmx g‡g© g‡g© Dcjwä K‡i‡Q Zvi G
Dcw¯’wZ| e½eÜz †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb ivóªcwZ
wnmv‡e| wKš‘ mviv Rxeb msMÖvg Ki †M‡Qb
†`‡k msm`xq MYZš¿ cÖwZôvi Rb¨| 10 Rvbyqvix
wZwb †`‡k wd‡i‡Qb ivóªcwZ 12 Rvbyqvix wZwb
cÖavbgš¿x wn‡m‡e kc_ †bb| byZb ivóªcwZ Avey

253
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
mvB` †PŠayix| Gici hy×weaŸ¯Í †`‡k cyb©MV‡bi
`yR©qc_ hvÎvq|
G cÖm‡½ UvBg g¨vMvwR‡bi 1972 mv‡ji 15
Rvbyqvix msL¨vq e½eÜzi Ae`v‡bi K_v D‡jøL K‡i
e‡jb MZ Aa©kZvãx‡Z fviZxq ivR‰bwZK
BwZnv‡m †gvnv¤§` Avjx wRbœv, cwÛZ RI‡ni jvj
†b‡niæ cÖgyL †bZv cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡iwQ‡jv Zv‡`i
m‡½ Avi GKwU bvg hy³ n‡q‡Qb Zvi bvg †kL
gywReyi ingvb|
GKvˇii gyw³hy× †Kv‡bv Pi `L‡ji g‡Zv NUbv
wQj bv| Gi cUf‚wg A‡bK `~i we¯ÍZ| hvi m~ÎcvZ
e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, fviZxq RvZxq Av‡›`vjb,
cvwK¯Ívb RvZxq Av‡›`vjb, 46 m‡bi wn›`y
gymwj‡gi ivqU, 6 `dv Av‡›`vjb fvlv Av‡›`vjb,
Ebmˇi MYAv‡›`vjb| G mKj wKQzi wcQ‡b
wQ‡jb †kL gywRe|
G cÖm‡½ 1969 m‡b 23 †k wW‡m¤^i c~e©
cvwK¯Ív‡b Aew¯’Z gvwK©b G‡m¤^wji
cwjwUK¨vj Awdmvi wj‡L‡Qb : ÔgywRe GKRb
Av‡›`vjbcÖeY RvZxqZvev`x| Zuvi i‡q‡Q
AvBbewnf‚©Z ivR‰bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi `xN©
BwZnvm| 1939 1941 mb| wZwb hLb QvÎ wQ‡jb
ZLb H mg‡q KwjKvZvi Ôe¨vK †nv‡j wbn‡Zi
¯§i‡Y MwVZ ¯§„wZ †mŠa Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ †h
Av‡›`vj‡b †kL gywRe wQ‡jb Zuvi Ab¨Zg †bZv|
254
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
D‡jøL¨, 1956 m‡b †dvW© Dwjqv‡gi e¨vK‡nvj
KvivMv‡i beve wmivRD‡Ïvjvi ˆmb¨iv e„wUk
ˆmb¨‡K e›`x K‡iwQj| c‡i Zv‡`i jvk cvIqv hvq| G‡`i
¯§i‡YB GB ¯§„wZ‡mŠa wbwg©Z n‡qwQj| wZwb
Av‡iv †j‡Lb : ÔgywRe wQ‡jb iwk` Avjxi Dc`‡ji
†bZv| GB Dc`jwU mv‡eK BwÛqvb Avwg©i m`m¨
Øviv MwVZ| hviv †`k fvM I cvwK¯Ív‡bi m„wó
K‡iwQ‡jb| D‡jøL¨, K‡Y©j iwk` Avjxi MÖæcwU
e„wUk‡`i Zvov‡Z wn›`y-gymwjg H‡K¨i Dci
AwaK ¸iæZ¡ w`‡qwQ‡jv|
D‡jøL¨, GB c„w_exi mKj wKQzi gvwjK gnvb
Avjøvn| wZwb KvD‡K ivRv evbvb, Aci ivRv‡K
dwK‡i cwiYZ K‡ib| wKQz gvbyl c„w_ex‡Z
Rb¥MÖnY K‡i hviv †Kvbw`b Kv‡iv AwaKvi
¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Rb¥ †_‡K eva¨ bb| †hLv‡b Ab¨vq,
AwePvi, AZ¨vPvi †mLv‡bB cÖwZev`x n‡q I‡Vb|
g„Zz¨‡K hviv Zz”Q fv‡eb| bZzb BwZnvm MovB
hv‡`i Rxe‡bi ¯^cœ, mva, Avkv, fimv| †kL gywRe
wQ‡jb †Zgwb GKRb wmsn ü`‡qi gvbyl| wZwbB
wQ‡jb Zvi Zzjbv| e½eÜz, evsjv‡`k GKB m~‡Î
Mv_v| e½eÜz wQ‡jb wKse`wšÍi gnvbvqK|
†Kvbw`b fve‡Z cv‡i bvB †Kv‡bv evsMvjx Zvi
†Kvb ÿwZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZB ZrKvjxb fvi‡Zi
cÖavbgš¿x Bw›`iv MvÜx Zuvi weiæ‡× Mfxi
lohš¿ Pj‡Q e‡j GKvwaKevi mZK©evZ©v w`‡jI

255
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wZwb Zv Avg‡j †bbwb| †h †`kwU ¯^vaxb Kivi
Rb¨ mv‡o wZb eQi Zuvi kvmbvg‡ji Av‡M cÖvq
13/14 evi †Rj †L‡U‡Qb| Avwg Zv‡K `~i †_‡K bq -
KvQ †_‡K †`‡LwQ| `yÕGK bq, cÖvq wZb `kK| ïay
†`‡LwQ †h Z bq - AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `yw`©b -
`ytmg‡q Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZv mn mKj w`K
†_‡K mn‡hvwMZvi cÖqvm PvwjqvwQ|
ZvB GK_v ej‡Z wØav †bB Ñ wZwbB
evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Awemsevw`Z gnvb †bZv|
ivRUxKv Kcvj wb‡qB Zuvi Rb¥| G‡`kevmxi Rb¨
Avjøvni GK we‡kl Avkxl ¯^iƒc|
wZwb eq‡m Avgvi cÖvq wZb eQ‡ii eo wQ‡jb|
wKš‘ †Kvbw`b Ômvwei fvBÕ Qvov m‡¤^vab
K‡ib wb| Avwg Rxe‡b ivRbxwZ Kwi wb| Avgvi G
`xN© Rxe‡b e„wUk we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb, cvwK¯Ívb
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡›`vjb, fvlv Av‡›`vjb, 6 `dv
Av‡›`vj, 1969-Gi MY Av‡›`vj‡b AskMÖnY Kivi
†mŠfvM¨ n‡q‡Q e‡j Avwg Mwe©Z| Avjøvn
Avgv‡`i mnvq nDK| Avgxb|

256
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

†`k MV‡b e½eÜz

`xN© 9 gvm hy‡×I ci 10 Rvbyqvwi 1972 mv‡j

e½eÜz ¯^vaxb evsjv †`‡k cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| Rq
evsjv Rq e½eÜz RqMv‡b gyLwiZ n‡jv †UKbvd
†_‡K †ZuZzwjqv ch©šÍ evsMvjxi N‡i N‡i|
wZwb †`‡k G‡m gš¿xcwil` MV‡bi ci †`k MV‡b
AvZ¥wb‡qvwM K‡ib|
1| cÖ_‡gB Zuvi gš¿x cwil` Av`gRx cvUKj (RyU
wgj) mn wkí KviLvbv I †`‡ki me evwYwR¨K
cÖwZôvb RvZxqKiY K‡ib|
2| wgÎ evwnbxi wbKU cvwK¯Ív‡bi 93 nvRvi
ˆmb¨ e›`x wQ‡jv| Aci w`‡K cwðg cvwK¯Ív‡b
Kg©iZ AvUKvcov ev½vjx ˆmb¨‡`i msL¨v Kg
wQ‡jv bv|
G Ae¯’vq e½eÜz AvUKv cov ‰mb¨ m`‡m¨I
myô mgvav‡bi Rb¨ AwaK¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib|
D‡jøL¨ fviZ, cvwK¯Ívb I evsjv‡`k Gi m‡½
RwoZ wQ‡jv|

257
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
1974 mv‡j w`jøx‡Z wZb †`‡ki `vjvj AvBb
¯^vÿ‡ii gva¨‡g G mgm¨v mgvavb K‡ib|

`vjvj AvBb
1972 mv‡j we‡kl UªvBeybvj Av‡`k wc.I-
8/72 Øviv `vjvj AvB‡bi AvUKv cov I
mvRvcÖv߇`i cÖwZ ÿgv †NvlYv Kiv nq| 1974
mv‡j w`jøx‡Z ¯^vÿwiZ GB Pzw³‡Z W. Kvgvj
†nv‡mb, ¯¿x kiY wms I Rbve AvwRR Avn‡g`
h_vµ‡g evsjv‡`k, fviZ I cvwK¯Ív‡bi c‡ÿ hy×
Acivax‡`i mvaviY ÿgvi `wj‡j ¯^vÿi K‡i wZb
†`‡ki g‡a¨ weivRgvb AvšÍ:we‡ivaxq welqwU
wb®úwË Kiv nq| GB Pzw³i 14 bs avivi GKU
Ask evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿x †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi GKwU K_v ms‡hvwRZ Kiv nq| hv
n‡”Q : †kL gywRe e‡jb, wek¦evmx †`LyK :
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl ÿgv Ki‡Z Rv‡b|
GLv‡b bv e‡jøB †bq e›`x gyw³ AvBb cvk nevi
ciI ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k fviZxq m`‡m¨i Ae¯’vb we`¨gvb
wQ‡jv|

258
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
3| e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb fvi‡Zi ZrKvjxb
cÖavbgš¿x kÖxgwZ Bw›`iv MvÜxi m‡½ †`b
`ievi I Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki
gvwU †_‡K fviZxq ˆmb¨ ˆmb¨ AcmviY K‡ib|
we‡`kx †mbv gy³ nq evsjv‡`k|
4| e½eÜz `„wó †`b gyw³‡mbv‡`i nvZ †_‡K †`k
†_‡K A¯¿ gy³ Kiv| GUvI Lye mnR wQ‡jv bv|
D‡jøL¨, ‡m mgq gyw³‡hv×v bvg`vix wKQz
`ywe©Z¨ ev WvKvZ `‡ji Avwef©ve N‡U|
Zviv G‡`‡ki A‡bK weËevb‡`i evmv †_‡K a‡i
wb‡q `~‡i †Kv_vI AvU‡K †i‡L gyw³cY
wnmv‡e jÿ jÿ UvKv `vex K‡ib|
¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi cÖ_g w`‡K gyw³‡hv×v
bvgavix †ek wKQz `y®‹…wZKvix Avgv‡K
nvwZcy‡ji evmv †_‡K mevi mvg‡bB AcniY K‡i
wb‡q hvq| cyi‡bv UvD‡b GK AÜKvi KzVzix‡Z
e›`x K‡i iv‡L Ges †m KzVzixi cv‡k wQj GKwU
cvKv Bw›`iv, Rvb‡Z cvwi| GB KzVzix‡Z †i‡LB
`y®‹…wZKvixiv e›`x‡`i KvQ †_‡K gyw³cY
Av`v‡qi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq|
hviv gyw³cY w`‡Z mg_© nq Zv‡`i‡K †Q‡o †`qv
nq Avi hviv e¨_© nq| Zv‡`i‡K nZ¨v K‡i cv‡ki
Bw›`iv‡Z wb‡ÿc Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Avwg Rvb‡Z cvwi
GB KzVzix‡Z †i‡LB Avgvi AvZ¥xq¯^Rb‡`i
mv‡_I Zviv †hvMv‡hvM K‡i cuvP jÿ UvKv
259
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
gyw³cY †P‡q‡Q| Ab¨_vq Avgvi Ô‡WWewWÕ
igbv cvK© †_‡K msMÖn Kivi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k †`q|
fvM¨µ‡g H KzVzixi cv‡k `y‡Uv ev”Pv‡K Avwg
†Lj‡Z †`wL| ZvivI Avgv‡K †`‡L kswKZ I
DrKwÉZ nq| Zviv Avgv‡K Rvbvq t ÔGUv
dvwn‡gi K¨v¤úÕ| Avgv‡K †Mvc‡b e‡j t Avcbvi
evmvi †Kvb †Uwj‡dvb bv¤^vi _vK‡j Avgv‡`i‡K
†`b|Õ †mg‡Z Avwg Avgvi evmvi †Uwj‡dvb
bv¤^viwU w`‡j Iiv Avgvi evmvq Rvbvq Ges evmv
†_‡K Ab¨Zg gyw³‡hv×v AvIi½‡K Lei †`qv nq|
D‡jøL¨ AvIi½ Avgvi cªwZwôZ avbgwÛ ¯‹z‡ji
cÖv³b QvÎ wQj| Avgvi m‡½ hLb AcniYKvixiv
ˆeVK K‡i, ZLb Avwg Zv‡`i e‡jwQjvg, Avgvi
Kv‡Q hw` cuvP jÿ UvKv _vK‡Zv, Zvn‡j
†g‡niæ‡bœmv ¯‹zj Ges avbgwÛ e‡qR ¯‹zj GiKg
fMœ Ae¯’vq _vK‡Zv bv| ZvQvov Avgvi mg¯Í
e¨vsK GKvD›U evsjv‡`k miKvi Ôd«xRÕ K‡i
w`‡q‡Q|
GQvov Avwg †kL mv‡n‡ei Ici gyw³‡hv×v‡`i
Ici Ges Bw›`iv MÜxi Ici wZbwU Mvb wj‡LwQ| †h
Mvb¸wj B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avcbviv nq‡Zv wkíx †gvnv¤§`
Ave`yj ReŸv‡ii K‡É ï‡b _vK‡Z cv‡ib| D‡jøL¨,
1972 mv‡ji 10B Rvbyqvix ¯^vaxb wZwb evsjv‡`‡k
A‡mb| †mw`bB e½eÜz ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi
KÕw`b Av‡M wkwí †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj ReŸvi
†KvjKvZv †_‡K XvKvq Av‡m Ges Avgvi evmvq
Avkªq †bq| e½eÜz‡K wb‡q Avgvi †jLv †m
MvbwU wQj:

260
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
Ôe½eÜz †kL gywReyi
`yR©q exi wR›`ev`
evo-SÄvq åæ‡ÿcnxb
DbœZ wki wR›`vev`||
kZ Ryjy‡gi evauvi cÖvPxi
fvw½qv M‡o‡Qv Avgv‡`i bxo
NygšÍ cÖ‡Y †PZbv †RvMv‡jv
†Zvgvi eRª KÉbv`||
†mB mv‡_ wkíx †gvnv¤§` Ave`yj ReŸvi‡K
Avi GKwU Mvb wj‡L w`‡q wQjvg, MvbwUi
K_v:
Ô fvj‡e‡m †`k hvuiv †X‡j w`j
ey‡Ki i³ KYv
Zvu‡`i gnvb Z¨v‡Mi Kvwnbx
fywj bvB fyjebv||
fvM¨¸‡Y Ges gnvb Avjøvni A‡kl `qvq I Avgvi
cÖwZwôZ avbgwÛ ¯‹z‡ji cÖv³b QvÎ †ngv‡qZ
DwÏb Avi‡½i AvšÍwiK cÖ‡Póvq gyw³cY
QvovB Avwg gyw³jvf Kwi|
5| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e½eÜz miKvi GK cÖÁvcb
Rvix K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wbKU¯’ cywjk †÷k‡b ¯^
¯^ A¯¿ Rgv †`Iqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvq| ïay ZvB bq
wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ A¯¿ Rgv w`‡Z e¨_©

261
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
n‡j Zv‡`i weiæ‡× A¯¿ AvB‡b gvgjv Kivi
†NvlYv K‡ib| gyw³evwnbxi m`‡m¨i Zvi
Wv‡K mvov w`‡Z fzj Kwiwb|
ïay ZvB bq e½eÜz wb‡RI AvMvg †NvlYv
w`‡q wb‡RI Dcw¯’Z _vK‡Zb| †mmgq Kv‡`i
evwnbx cÖavb exigyw³‡hv×v †gvnv¤§` Kv‡`i
wmwÏKxi †bZ…‡Z¡ e½eÜz †kL gywReyi
ingv‡bi wbKU A¯¿ Zz‡j †`b Ges wewfbœ
evwnbx wKsev e¨w³MZ A¯¿k¯¿ Zz‡j †`b|
GmeB Avgvi Pvÿzm †`Lv| e½eÜzi ewjô
†bZ…‡Z¡ A¯¿ gy³ n‡jv evsjv‡`k|
6| Gevi e½eÜz I Zuvi my‡hvM¨ gwš¿cwil`
hy×we`¯’ †`k cyb©MV‡b k³ nv‡Z nvj a‡ib|
iv¯ÍvNvU PjvP‡ji A‡hvM¨| eªxR-KvjfvU©
fv½v| RvqMvq RvqMvq gvBb (cvZv)|
†ÿZLvgv‡i dmj †bB| miKv‡ii †KvlvMv‡i
UvKv †bB|
G Ae¯’vq †`k MV‡b e½eÜz we‡k¦I wewfbœ
ivRkw³i mvnvh¨ I mn‡hvwMZvi AvnŸvb
Rvbvb|

262
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

263
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

bZzb Aa¨vq
cwiw¯’wZ hLb GKUz kvšÍ| h‡kvi
K¨v›Ub‡g›U †_‡K BwÛqvb Avwg© P‡j hvq
Ges evsjv‡`k miKvi Avgv‡K cybivq h‡kvi
K¨v›U‡g‡›Ui cvwK¯Ív‡bi Pzw³e× KvR mgvß
Kivi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k †`b| wb‡`©k g‡Zv Avwg
Lye m¤¢e †g gv‡m h‡kvi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U hvB|
wKš‘ †mLv‡b †h Ae¯’v †`wL, Zv‡Z Avgvi
nvU©‡dj Kivi gZ Ae¯’v| c~‡e© D‡jøwLZ,
Pzw³ †gvZv‡eK 1971 mv‡ji 31†k Ry‡bi g‡a¨
KvR mgvß Kivi K_v, †m g‡Z ZrKvjxb e¨vsK
Bóvb© e¨vswKs K‡cv©‡ikvb (eZ©gv‡b DËiv
e¨vsK) Ges Avgvi wbR¯^ dv‡Û cÖvq 30/35 jÿ
UvKvi gvjvgvj gRy` wQj, GQvov wbg©vbvaxb
hš¿cvwZ mewKQz BwÛqvb Avwg© wb‡q P‡j
†M‡Q| ïay Avgvi gvjvgvj bq, h‡kvi
K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui Ab¨vb¨ gvjvgvj hv wQj Zvi
†Kvb wKQzB Aewkó †bB| hvi cÖwZev‡`
†mv”Pvi n‡qwQ‡jb †mKkb KgvÛvi †gRi Rwjj|
ïay ZvB bq- evsjv‡`k miKvi GK D™¢U AvBb
wc-I-69 (†cÖwm‡W›U AW©vi) GB AvB‡b
cvwK¯Ívb mgqKvjxb wbg©vbvaxb †Kvb evKx
wej w`‡Z evsjv‡`k miKvi eva¨ bq GB AvB‡bi
264
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
†cÖwÿ‡Z Avgvi †m‡KÛ K¨vwcUvj, IwWb¨vÝ
d¨v±wi Ges h‡kvi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †cBwÛs wej
eve` cÖvq beŸB jÿ UvKv ivZvivwZ ev‡Rqvß
n‡q hvq|
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci `ªe¨g~j¨ Am¤¢e nv‡o
†e‡o hvq Ges G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z cvK miKvi
Avg‡ji `icÎ Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ
RvbvB| evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c‡ÿ Pxd BwÄwbqvi
GgBGm Avwg© wjwLZfv‡e Avk¯Í K‡ib †h,
AwaKnv‡i `icÎ g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e|
wKš‘ `ytLRbK n‡jI KvR †kl Kivi ci wKQzB
Kiv nqwb|
†mw`‡bi K_v g‡b n‡j Av‡Rv Kó cvB| ZviciI
†`k I †mvbvevwnbx K_v we‡ePbv K‡i KvR
K‡iwQ|
1| 100 kh¨v wewkó wgwjUvix nvmcvZvj
Ges
2| Bb‡d›Ux e¨vUvwjqvb KvR K‡i KZ…
cÿ‡K eywS‡q w`‡Z f~j K‡iwb|
GZ `y‡fv©‡Mi g‡a¨ †_‡KI nZvk bv n‡q bZzb
†`k Movi cvkvcvwk wb‡Ri fvM¨ Dbœq‡b m‡Pó
n‡qwQ| ZLbKvi A‡bK cÖwZôvb Ges
265
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
Kg©KZ©v wc-I-69 Gi UvKv D×vi K‡i‡Qb
wKš‘ B‡”Q Ki‡j †m mgqKvi †bZv‡`i mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvM iÿv K‡i UvKv D×vi Ki‡Z cviZvg
wKš‘ †Kvbw`b KvD‡K wb‡Ri, R‡b¨ mycvwik
Ki‡Z B‡”Q Kwiwb Ges G KvRwU Kiv Av‡Rv
Avgvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e nqwb| cÖm½Z D‡jøL bv
Ki‡iB bh 1974 mv‡j ZrKvjxb wW‡dÝ
†m‡µUvwi gywReyj nK, cieZ©x‡Z K¨we‡bU
†m‡µUvix Avgv‡K wW‡dÝ gš¿bvj‡q †W‡K
GKwU dvBj †`Lvb Ges Avgvi mv‡_ Avjvc
K‡ib| wZwb e‡jbt e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb
bvwK Zv‡K e‡j‡Qbt Ômvwei fvB Avgv‡`i
R‡b¨, AvIqvgxjx‡Mi R‡b¨ A‡bK wKQz
K‡i‡QbÕ, wZwb bvwK ï‡b‡Qb Avgvi A‡bK
UvKv wc.I.69-Gi e‡j ev‡Rqvß n‡q Av‡Q| †kL
mv‡ne wbR nv‡Z dvB‡j wj‡L †`b Avgvi R‡b¨
wK Kiv hvq †m c×wZ †ei Kivi R‡b¨, wZwb
ZrKvjxb mwPe‡K wjwLZ Av‡`k †`b †hb Avwg
¯^P‡ÿ †m Av‡`kwU †`wL| †mLv‡b †jLv wQj
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gywReyi ingvb ZLb wQ‡jb †`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡`
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K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi gnvbyfeZvi K_v fve‡j Av‡M
Zuvi cÖwZ kÖ×v I fvjevmvq gv_v bZ n‡q hvq|
266
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
c‡i Rvb‡Z cvwi e½eÜz mv‡ne ZLbKvi
AvIqvgx jxM †bZv MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídv‡K
†W‡K A‡bK Mvwj-MvjvR K‡i‡Qb Avgvi
†LuvR-Lei †K‡bv †bqv nqwb ZvI wR‡M¨m
K‡i‡Qb| †kL mv‡ne e‡jwQ‡jbt Ôwec‡` †h
mvwei fvB Avgv‡`i cv‡k wQj Zvi †LuvR-Lei
†Zviv Avgv‡K †K‡bv †`mwb GZw`b|Õ G K_v
MvRx †Mvjvg †gv¯Ídvi Kv‡QB Avwg ï‡bwQ|
`t‡Li welq wW‡dÝ †m‡µUvwi wgt gywReyj
nK-Gi m‡½u Avgvi wgwUs-Gi c‡iB Avwg
h‡kvi P‡j hvB| †mwU wQj AvM÷ gvm| †m
gv‡miB A_©vr 15B AvM÷ †fvi iv‡Zi w`‡K
Avgvi ¯¿x †dvb K‡i Lei †`q †h, e½eÜz †kL
gywReyi ingvb‡K Zuvi cwievimn wbg©gfv‡e
nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avwg ¯Íw¤^Z n‡q hvB| Avwg
wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvwi bv| Avwg ZrÿYvr †m
mgqKvi h‡kvi K¨v›Ub‡g‡›Ui †÷kb ÷vd
Awdmvi †gRi gymwjg DwÏb‡K welqwU AeMZ
Kwi| wZwbI cÖ_‡g wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvbwb|
wZwbI GKRb gyw³‡hv×v| c‡i †eZv‡i †gRi
Wvwj‡gi ¯^K‡É e³e¨ ïb‡Z cvB Ges m‡½ h‡kvi
K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U KviwdD Rvix nq|
evsjvi ¯^vaxb beve wmivR D`‡`Šjvi cZb
n‡qwQj 1757 mv‡j| evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb ¯’cwZ
267
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi b„ksm nZ¨vKvÐ
1975 mv‡j| e„wUk kvm‡bi k„•Lj †_‡K gy³ n‡q
1947 mv‡ji cvwK¯Ívb Rb¥ n‡Z †`‡LwQ| fvlvi
R‡b¨, ¯^vwaKvi Av‡›`vj‡bi R‡b¨ A‡bK i³ Si‡Z
†`‡LwQ| me‡k‡l gyw³hy‡× ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ †h
Z¨vM, †h wZwZÿv †h †`k‡cÖg Zvi Zzjbv weij|
gyw³hy‡×i mgq G‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v wQj mv‡o
mvZ‡KvwU| RbM‡Yi c~Y© mg_©b bv _vK‡j
gvÎ bÕgv‡m ¯^vaxbZv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e wQj
bv| ÔRj Ges gvQÕ G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK A_©vr
gv‡Qi Rxeb †hgb Rj Qvov AwbwðZ wVK
†Zgwb RbM‡Yi mn‡hvwMZv Qvov
gyw³‡hv×viv ¯^vaxbfv‡e hy× m¤úbœ Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zv bv| RbMY gyw³‡hv×v‡`i A¯¿ w`‡q,
Abœ w`‡q, A_© w`‡q, Avkªq w`‡q, mvnm
w`‡q †h mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb Zvi Zzjbv †bB|
¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ RbM‡Yi G wbt¯^v_©
mn‡hvwMZv gyw³hyׇK Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i‡Q| Zv
bv n‡j ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg Av‡iv `xN©vwqZ
n‡Zv| myZivs gyw³‡hv×v‡`i‡K m¤§v‡bi
cvkvcvwk RbMY‡K mwVKfv‡e g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
n‡e| gyw³hy‡× huviv Rxeb w`‡q‡Qb, Zv‡`i
KÕR‡bi bvg Avgv‡`i Rvbv Av‡Q, †mB me exi
knx`vb‡`i ¯§i‡Y G csw³¸wjt
ÔgiY‡K huviv K‡i‡Q eiY
268
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
GB gvwU fv‡jv‡e‡m
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Z¨vMx‡`i D‡Ï‡k \
nq‡Zv KL‡bv wjL‡e bv Kwe
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cy®ú AN©¨ w`‡e bv Zv‡`i
mgvwa‡Z †KD G‡m \
AÜKvivi cvlvY cÖvPx‡i
S‡i †M‡jv KZ cÖvY
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ivL‡jv bv mÜvb |
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bxi‡e m‡q‡Q kZ jvÃbv
†h K_v i‡ebv BwZnv‡m †jLv
†KvbKv‡j †Kvb †`‡k \

269
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

e½eÜzi we‡`k mdi

e½eÜzi m‡½ wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ivóªxq

Abyôv‡b †Zvdv‡qj Avn‡g` mdi m½x nb| Õ72-Gi 6
†deªæqvix GK w`‡bi md‡i fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½I
ivRavbx KjKvZv Ges 1 gvP© cuvP w`‡bi GK
ivóªxq md‡i †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi ivRavbx g‡¯‹v
Mgb K‡ib| Õ73-Gi 26 RyjvB †cÖwm‡W›U
†Rv‡md †eªvR wU‡Uvi Avgš¿‡Y hy‡Mv¯øvwfqi
ivRavbx †ej‡MÖW, hy‡Mv¯øvwfqv †_‡K 3 AvM÷
KvbvWviv ivRavbx A‡Uvqvi AbywôZ KgbI‡qj_
miKvi cÖavb‡`I kxl© m‡¤§j‡b †hvM †`b| 6
†m‡Þ¤^i PZz_© †RvU wbi‡cÿ kxl© m‡¤§j‡b
†hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ Avj‡Rwiqvi ivRavbx AvjwRqvm©
Mgb; 17 A‡±vei mvZ w`‡bi md‡i Rvcv‡bi ivRavbx
†UvwKI mdi K‡ib|
Õ74-Gi 22 †deªæqvwi cvwK¯Ívb evsjv‡`k‡K
AvbyôvwbK ¯^xK…wZ †`q Ges 23 †deªæqvix
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270
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`vb; 23 †m‡Þ¤^i RvwZmsN mvaviY
cwil‡` AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ XvKv Z¨vM Ges 25
†m‡Þ¤^i e½eÜz mvaviY cwil‡`i Awa‡ek‡b evsjvq
fvlY †`b; 1 A‡±vei e½eÜz †nvqvBU nvD‡m
†cÖwm‡W›U †Rivì †dv‡W©i m‡½ mvÿvr K‡ib; 3
A‡±vei hy³ivóª †_‡K †divi c‡_ Biv‡Ki ivRavbx
evM`v` †cŠQvb Ges we‡ki 186 †`‡ki g‡a¨ 136
†`‡ki ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq Ki‡Z mg_© nb Ges †`‡ki
Dbœqb Kv‡R AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib|

271
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
wek¦ ivRkw³ Zvi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡Z fzj K‡iwb|
Abœe¯¿ JlyacÎ, Zvey, K¤^j Ges wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
`ªe¨ mvgMÖx cvVv‡Z GwM‡q Av‡m|
7| e½eÜzi ewjó ciivóª bxwZi d‡j gymwjg ivóª I
wewfbœ msMVb evsjv‡`k‡K ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb
K‡ib|
8| me‡k‡l RvZxq evsjv‡`k‡K we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg
¯^vaxb ivóª wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`vb K‡i|
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb RvwZms‡N 29Zg
Awa‡ek‡b evsjv fvlvq fvlY w`‡q BwZnvm
m„wó K‡i †M‡Qb|
9| GLv‡b `ytLRbK n‡jI mZ¨ hy× wea¯Í †`k we‡`k
†_‡K wecyj cwigvY Lv`¨ mvgMÖx weZi‡Yi
fvicÖvß Kg©Pvix Kg©KZ©v I mn‡hvwMiv
GgbwK `jxq †jvKRb jyUcv‡U Rwo‡q c‡o| †`‡k
Kv‡jvevRvix Gme Kvi‡Y `ªe¨ g~j¨ AwaKnv‡i
†e‡o hvq Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi ÿgZvi evwn‡i P‡j
hvq| Gme RvZxq AvšÍR©vwZK bvbv Kvi‡Y
1974 mv‡j `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q| d‡j K‡qK jvL
gvbe-wkï Abvnv‡i Acywó‡Z cÖvY nvivq|
wKš‘ miKvix wnmv‡e G msL¨v 27000 nvRvi|
10| e½eÜzi jvwjZ ¯^‡cœi †mvbvi evsjv Mo‡Z
wewfbœ Dbœq Kg©m~Px nv‡Z †bb| e½eÜzi
AvZ¥Rxebx MÖ‡š’ we¯ÍvwiZ wea„Z Av‡Q|
Av‡Q G me welqe¯‘| e½eÜz wQ‡jb wKse`šÍxi
gnv bvqK| hvi m‡½ Kv‡iv Zzjbv P‡j bv|

272
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
e½eÜz ÿgZvq G‡mwQ‡jb 1972 mv‡ji 10B
Rvbyqvix| wZwb ÿgZvmxb wQ‡jb 15 AvM÷ 1975
ch©šÍ gvÎ mv‡o wZb eQi| Avi ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨
13/14 eQi wZwb †Rj †L‡U‡Qb| GB ¯^íKvjxb
kvmbvg‡ji cÖ_g 10 gv‡mi g‡a¨B ¯^vaxb
mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡ki 1972 msweavb iPbv I cÖKvk
K‡ib| GZ Aí mg‡q GKwU †`‡ki msweavb iPbv I
cÖKvk wek¦ BwZnv‡m weij|

evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb
1972 m‡bi 4 b‡f¤^i MYcwil‡`i fvlv GB
msweavb iPbv mg‡eZfv‡e MÖnY Kijvg| †m
mgq MYcwil‡`i Dcw¯’Z 386 m`m¨
msweav‡bi m¤§wZ‡Z ¯^vÿi K‡ib Ges
msweav‡bi g~j Kwc XvKv †K›`ªxq hv`y N‡i
msiwÿZ Av‡Q| GB msweav‡bi 1bs ¯^vÿi
`vZv †kL gywReyi ingvb|

273
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

e½eÜz‡K fviZxq †Mv‡q›`v ewnbxi

mZK©evZ©v
fviZxq †Mv‡q›`v ms¯’v wimvP© A¨vÛ
A¨vbjvBwmm DBs i-Gi ZLb cÖavb wQ‡jb
iv‡gk¦i bv_ KvI| 1974 mv‡j Avi Gb KvI Lei
cvb evsjv‡`‡k Mfxi lohš¿ Pj‡Q e½eÜzi
weiæ‡×| Avi cy‡iv lohš¿ cÖwZiÿv evwnbxi
Af¨šÍ‡i| w`b w`b loh‡š¿i Wvjcvjv weKwkZ
n‡”Q| i-Gi cÖavb `ªæZ mewKQz Rvbv‡Z
mvÿvr K‡ib Bw›`iv MvÜxi m‡½ me ïb‡jb
Bw›`iv| Zvici Ai Gb KvI‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg `ªæZ
evsj‡`‡k hvI|
mewKQy gywRe‡K AewnZ Ki| XvKvq
G‡jb KvI| QÙ‡ek wb‡q †M‡jb avbgwÛi 32
b¤^‡i| miKvi cÖav‡bi mv`vgvUv wbivcËvi
e¨e¯’v †`‡L wZwb nZvk wew¯§Z nb| wZwb
MYfe‡b mvÿvr K‡ib| miKvi cÖavb gywReyi
ingv‡bi m‡½| wZwb mewKQz me K_v
gywRe‡K Ly‡j e‡jb| Zuvi weiæ‡×
lohš¿ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Z_¨ Av‡Q|
wKš‘ wZwb wQ‡jb †Lvk‡gRv‡R GKK_vq ejv
hvq cÖvšÍešÍ, me mg‡qi g‡Zv igigvfve| Avgvi
274
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
K_vi Rev‡e ej‡jb, ÔAvgvi wKQzB n‡Z cv‡i
bv, Iiv Avgvi †jvKÕ| PµvšÍ‡K cvËvB w`‡jb
bv e½eÜz| KvI wew¯§Z n‡jb Zuvi K_v ï‡b|
e½eÜz Zuv‡K XvKvq fv‡jvfv‡e LvIqv-`vIqv
Ki‡Z ej‡jb| QÙ‡ek wb‡q gRv Ki‡jb| w`wjø
wd‡i †M‡jb KvI| mewKQz Rvbv‡jb Bw›`iv
MvÜx‡K|
Õ75 mv‡ji gv‡P© KvI Avevi XvKv wb‡q
D‡ØMRbK wi‡cvU© cvb| GKw`‡K
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Ab¨w`‡K ivRbxwZ‡ZI bvbvgyLx lohš¿|
†mbvQvDwb‡Z miKviwe‡ivax ˆeV‡K
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avbgwÛ 32 b¤^i mo‡Ki evwo‡Z| †eMg
dwRjvZzb †bQv gywRe Zv‡`i cy·¯œn wb‡q
fvZ LvB‡q w`‡Zb| G‡`iB GKRb wQ‡jb †gRi
Wvwjg| ÔKvI‡qi Kv‡Q Lei †cuŠ‡Q †Mvj›`vR
evwnbx‡Z gywR‡ei weiæ‡× lohš¿ msMwVZ
n‡”Q| Gevi Bw›`iv `ªæZ‡e‡M gywRe‡K
AewnZ K‡ib mewKQz|
wKš‘ wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Z Am¤§Z nb|
wZwb †Zv e½eÜz evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZôvZv|
wZwb Zuvi Avcb †jvK‡`i Øviv ¸ßnZ¨vi
wkLv‡i cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡ib bv| i-Gi
275
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
cÖwZ‡e`b¸‡jvq †jLv wQj, evB‡ii †`‡ki kw³
KZ…©K loh‡š¿i Kg©m~wP cwiKwíZ I
cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q| e½eÜz †Kv‡bv wKQyB
wek¦vm Ki‡jb bv| eis wØZxq wecø‡ei
Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevq‡bi e¨vcKfv‡e KvR ïiæ
K‡ib mviv †`‡k| gvby‡li gy‡L nvwm
†dvUv‡Z Zuvi bZzb jovB| Avi e½eÜzi Av¯’v
I wek¦vm wQj Zuv‡K wN‡i †Kv‡bv wKQz
n‡Z cv‡i bv| Zuvi Ici †Kv‡bv evOvwj AvNvZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cvwK¯Ívbx †mvbevwnbx
AvNv‡Zi mvnm iv‡Lwb| Avi evsjv‡`‡ki †Q‡j-
‡QvKiviv Kx Ki‡e!

1975 mv‡j 15 AvM÷ †kl iv‡Z wec`Mvgx

GK`j †mbv m`m¨ nvgjv Pvjvq 32 bs
avbgwÛ e½eÜzi evmfeb Ges Zuvi fvwMbv
hye`j †bZv †kL dRjyj nK gwbi fwMœcwZ
cvwbm¤ú` gš¿x Avãyi ie †miwbqv‡Zi
evmfe‡b|
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb wbnZ
mncwiev‡i| ‡kL Kvgvj †kL Rvgvj cyyÎeay
mn| ev` hvqwb †eMg dwRjvZz‡bœmv

276
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
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†kL iv‡mj|
wbnZ nb hye `j‡bZv I Zuvi ¯¿x|
fwMœcwZ Avãyi ie †miwbqvev` I Zuvi
cwiev‡ii GKvwaK m`m¨|
D‡jøL¨ wek¦ BwZnv‡m ivR‰bwZK
nZ¨vKvÛ bZzb †Kvb NUbv bq| kªxjsKvi
†cÖwm‡W›U kÖx e›`i bvqK, wgk‡ii
†cÖwm‡W›U Rbve Av‡bvqvi mv`vZ,
Av‡gwiKvi †cÖwm‡W›U Aveªvnvg wjsKb
Ges †cÖwm‡W›U Rb Gd †K‡bwW I
eY©ev` we‡ivax †bZv gvwK©b jy_vi wKs
Ges †mŠwf‡qZ ivwkqvi we‡ivax †bZv
UªUmKx, fvi‡Zi gnvZ¥v MvÜx cªgyL mn
†`k-we‡`‡ki A‡bK †bZv-‡bÎx| wKš‘
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi gZ mKj
cwievi cwiRb mn Ggb `„óvšÍ weij|

L›`Kvi gykZvK Avn‡g‡`i miKvi

277
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
1975 m‡bi 15 AvM÷ KwZcq wec`Mvgx
e½eÜyi mcwiev‡i nZ¨vi ci cÖev‡m ¯^vaxb
miKv‡ii †mP I we`y¨r gš¿x ivóªcwZ wn‡m‡e
ÿgZvq emvq|
GB gš¿x mfvq mKj gš¿x I m`m¨ Ges AvIqvgx
jx‡Mi Z_v evKkv‡j Avav mvgwiK miKvi| Avi
GB miKv‡ii Dci Afz¨ÌvbKvix †gRi I K¨v‡Þbiv
KZ…©Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Zv|
D‡jøL¨ 1975 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †mbvevwnbxi
KvVv‡gv I web¨vm Abymv‡i †mbvevwnbx
cÖavb †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn I Dc-‡mbvevwnbx
cÖavb wmwRGm (Pxd Ae †Rbv‡ij ÷vd)
weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid GB wZbRb
†mbvevwnbxi KgvÛ K‡›Uªvj I `vwqZ¡cÖvß
wQ‡jb| wKš‘ †`‡k GZeo GKUv nZ¨v KvÛ
msMwVZ n‡jv †hLv‡b †mbv m`m¨iv RwoZ
†mLv‡b wmwRGm we‡MÖwWqvi Lv‡j`
†gvkvii‡di f‚wgKv inm¨RbK e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb
GKvwaK †mbv we‡klÁMY|
e½eÜz‡K nZ¨vKv‡Ûi ci wmwRGm
we‡MÖwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid ivóªcwZ
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278
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg
†NvlYv K‡i †Rbv‡ij kwdDjøvn‡K ÿgZvPz¨Z I
†gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb‡K ew›` K‡ib|
†e½j †iwR‡g›U‡K mw¤§wjZ kw³i weiæ‡×
15 AvM‡÷i Kzkjxiv mw¤§wjZ kw³i weiæ‡×
†cwi‡q DV‡e bv e‡j GKUv Av‡cvlidv Ki‡Z
Pvq| L›`Kvi †gvkZvK wQ‡jb AZ¨všÍ PvjvK-
PZzi| wZwb Zvi m‡½ †c‡qwQ‡jb Avwg©i
`yRb wmwbqi Kg©KZ©v‡K- Zuvi wbivcËv
Dc‡`óv GwR Imgvwb Ges Pxd wW‡i±i Lwjjyi
ingvb| Zv‡`i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z GKUv Av‡cvl
wggvsmv nq| 15 AvM÷ Afz¨Ìv‡b Kzkjxiv 3
b‡f¤^i wbivc‡` †`k Z¨vM K‡i| KviY wn‡m‡e
ej‡Q G Afz¨ÌvbKvix Ges cªwZnZ Kvix mevB
wQ‡jb ci¯ú‡ii w`N©w`‡bi eÜz Ges mn‡hv×v,
cÖwZ‡ekx †KD M„nhy× Pvqwb|
5 b‡f¤^i L›`Kvi †gvkZvK ÿZgZv Z¨vM
K‡ib|

279
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

†Rj nZ¨v
1975 m‡b 3iv b‡f¤^i †RjnZ¨v w`em| Pvi
†bZv ˆmq` bRiæj Bmjvg, ZvRDwÏb Avng`,
K¨v‡Þb gbmyi Avjx I Rbve Kvgiæ¾vgvb‡K
†RjLvbvi Af¨šÍ‡i wbg©gfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv nq|
ZrKvjxb †Rjvi †Rj‡M‡U AvMZ †mbvevwnbxi
Mvwo‡K †R‡ji wfZi XzK‡Z evav cÖ`vb K‡ib|
Gici †Rjvi‡K †W‡K Avbv nq| wZwb Kviviÿxi
m‡½ wb‡q Zv‡`i cÖwZnZ Kivi AvcÖvY †Póv
Pvjvq- wKš‘ c‡i †cÖwm‡W›U †gvkZv‡Ki †dvb
†c‡q †R‡ji Zvjv Ly‡j †`qv nq| cÖ_‡g ¸wj,
cieZx©Z †e‡qv‡b‡Ui AvNv‡Z wbg©gfv‡e
Zv‡`i nZ¨v Kiv nq| G mgq g„Zz¨c_hvÎx
ZvRDwÏb Avng` cvwb cvb Ki‡Z †P‡qI cvbwb|

280
 fviZ wefvM I Avgv‡`i ¯^vaxbZvi msMÖvg

3iv b‡f¤^‡ii NUbv

15 AvM÷ e½eÜz‡K ¯^cwiev‡i nZ¨vi ci
wKQz wec`Mvgx †mbv m`m¨ e½fe‡bi KZ…
©Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
G `y‡h©v‡M weª‡MwWqvi Lv‡j` †gvkviid
2iv b‡f¤^i GK †mbv Afz¨Ìvb Ges †cÖwm‡W›U
†gvkZv‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq wbR‡K †gRi
†Rbv‡ij †NvlYv w`‡q wRqv‡K e›`x K‡ib|
2iv b‡f¤^i †_‡K 6B b‡f¤^i ch©šÍ mviv †`k
wQj AÜKvi I wbqg-bxwZ wenxb| †mbv
evwnbxi Ô‡PBb Ad KgvÛ †f‡½ c‡o| mviv
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Rw½ mg_©bKiv G‡Z AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡I Ges Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di mg_©‡b AvIqvgx
jxM wgwQj K‡ib| G Ae¯’vq 7B b‡f¤^i K‡Y©j

281
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