Misr university for science & technology PME 414 Industrial Electronics

Electrical power & machines department Final Exam – 6 pages

Spring 2020 Time Allowed:
Examiner : Prof. Dr. Khalid I. Saleh

Question 1: (20Marks)
In the system of Fig.1 the manual operation is described as follows:
When the water level in the pressure tank is too low, the operator must keep the switch
depressed to make the pump run until the tank is full. The operator then releases the push
button to stop the flow of water into the pressure tank. The ladder diagram showing this
manual operation is shown in Fig.2

Do the following modifications on the system.

Fig. 2 Fig. 1

Modification 1
The circuit of Fig.2. is to be modified so that the operator is not required to keep the button
pressed.

Modification 2
Installing a Float switch near the top of the pressure tank the operator is not required to stop
the pump when the tank is full. When the water level reaches the float switch FS1 it’s NC
connections open thus stops the pump.

Modification 3
Installing a Float switch near the bottom of the pressure tank the pump will automatically start
on when the water level in the tank reaches a predetermined low level.

1
 Modification 4
In order to protect the pump a float switch is installed in the Storage Tank FS3. If the water
level is extreme low its contacts will be open and the pump will not operate.

Question 2: (20Marks)

(1) Describe the Two-Rung counters and output Rung.

. The counter preset value = 10, describe the operation of this program )2 (

Write the statements best describing the operation of the ladder diagram Fig 2.40 )3 (

2
(4) (4) If the slotted disk is used to measure rotating speed, there are two standard
methods to do this. Explain these two methods?

(5) A slotted disk and opto-interrupter as shown in Figure

9-27 outputs pulses at 620 Hz. What is the rotating
speed of the disk in rpms?

Question # 3(20Marks)

: Design the PLC program of “The Pulse Generator” which described by the following )A(
When the Start button in is pressed the cylinder in Fig 2.23 oscillates, extending for 2 s and
returning for 1 s.
(B) Modify the program in part (A) so that a counter and limit switch a+ are used to count the
number of pulses and after 10 pulses or the Stop button is pressed the cylinder stop .

(C) Design the ladder diagram for a device that will count parts as they pass by an
inspection stand. The sensing device for the PLC is a switch that will close each
time a part passes. This switch is connected to IN1 of the PLC.
A reset switch, IN2, is also connected to the PLC to allow the operator to manually
reset the counter. After 15 parts have passed the inspection stand the PLC is to
reset the counter to again begin counting parts and turn on a light which must stay on
until reset by a second reset switch connected to IN3. The output from the PLC that
lights the light is OUT1.
Required:

3
 (1) The PLC wiring diagram showing input and output devices .
(2) PLC program in ladder language.

Question #4(30Marks)

. Indicate whether the sentence or statement is True/False )A(

1.Proximity sensors can generally be referred to as binary switching sensors. ( )
2. Inductive-magnetic proximity sensors can sense all electrically conductive materials. ( )
3. It is easier for a capacitive sensor to detect water than oil. ( )
4. One disadvantage of ultrasonic proximity sensors is they are highly sensitive to
contaminates such as dust and dirt. ( )
5. Optical proximity sensors can sense any type of material no matter whether it is metallic,
conductive, or porous ‫مثقّب‬. ( )
6. Ultra sonic sensors can be operated in close proximity of other Ultra sonic sensors
without crosstalk or interference . ( )
7. Unlike the incremental encoder, the absolute encoder provides digital values as an output
signal. The output is in the form of a binary word which is proportional to the angle of the
shaft. ( )
8. Thru-beam opto sensors work well as long as the object to be sensed is transparent. They
have an excellent (long) maximum operating range.( )
9. The main advantage with thru-beam sensor is that requires wiring on both sides of the
transport system (generally a conveyor) that is moving the object.( )
10. When the beam of a thru-beam NPN dark-on optical sensor is interrupted by a target
object, it’s output will be logically high. ( )
11. dark-on sensor means that the sensor output will be : ON when no light is received,( )
12. The red LED and IR LED types of sensors function better in areas where there is a high
level of ambient light (such as sunlight), or light noise (such as welding). ( )
13. An advantage of flush-fitting inductive proximity sensors is they have a longer switching
distance than the non-flush-fitting sensors of the same diameter. ( )

(B) Match the following:

.a operating margin .e magnetic proximity sensor

.b inductive proximity sensor .f capacitive proximity sensor
.c diffuse sensor .g retro-reflective sensor
.d ultrasonic sensor .h electro-mechanical position
switch

1. sensors that generate an electromagnetic field and detect eddy current losses when a metallic
object enters the field. ( )
2. Able to detect a wide range of different objects. Detection is independent of shape, color,
material, and transparency. Can detect solids, liquids and powders. ( )
3. The light source and receiver are in the same housing. The target is detected when it breaks
the light beam. ( )
4. The object reflects a percentage of emitted light, activating the receiver. ( )
4
5. Switching is established by means of an external force. ( )
6. the ratio of the light received by a photoelectric sensor to the amount of light required for
switching.
7. The most common sensor for detecting the position of a cylinder. ( )
8. sensors which generate an electrostatic field and detect changes in this field when a target
approaches the sensing face. ( )

.Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question )C (
1. Which of the following is not an element of an inductive proximity sensor.
.a target
.b electrical coil
.c oscillator
.d trigger circuit
.e output

2. A standard reference target for an inductive proximity sensor is made of mild ______
and is 1 mm thick.
.a brass
.b copper
.c aluminum
.d steel

3. The main difference between an inductive proximity sensor and a capacitive proximity
sensor is that a capacitive proximity sensor produces a(n) ______ field.
.a magnetoresistive
.b electromagnetic
.c electrostatic
.d alternating electric
4. Capacitive proximity sensors will sense ______ materials.

.a electrically conductive
.b clear plastic
.c liquid
.d all of the above

5. Ultrasonic proximity sensors use high frequency ______ pulses to detect the presence
of a target.
.a sound
.b electromagnetic
.c light
.d electrostatic
.e none of the above

5
 6. Which of the following proximity sensors is a poor selection for sensing in vacuum
applications?
.a ultrasonic proximity sensor
.b through-beam optical sensor
.c capacitive proximity sensor
.d inductive proximity sensor

7. The type of proximity sensor where the emitter and receiver are installed on the same
housing. The reflecting light of a target object is then evaluated.
.a through-beam optical
.b retro-reflective optical
.c standard diffuse optical
.d ultrasonic

8. Which of the following is not an advantage of contactless proximity sensors.

.a Fast switching characteristics due to electronic output signal
.generation
.b .Wear-resistant due to no moving parts
.c Completely immune to electrical noise such as electro-magnetic
.interference
.d .Unlimited number of switching cycles

(D) Answer
1. A delay-on (TON) relay has a preset of 5.0 seconds. If the coil terminals are energized for
8 seconds, how long will its contacts be actuated.

2. If a delay-on (TON) relay with a preset of 5.0 seconds is energized for 3 seconds, explain
how it reacts.

3. Draw Ladder diagram of the control circuit for a reversing magnetic motor starter . the
normally closed interlocking contacts prevent both contactors from being closed at the
same time, causing a short circuit.
Note the components used in the control circuit is as follows

6
7