Chapter III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains Research Design, Research Environment, Research Sampling,
Research, Respondents /Participants, Research Instruments, Data Collection Procedure and
Treatment of Data.

Research Design
This study is a qualitative study which will use the phenomenological research design.
Phenomenological research study is concerned with the study of experiences from the
perspective of every individual. Essentially, it seeks to describe, explore, understand and mostly
focuses on the meaning of people’s “lived experiences” of a phenomena; and to start from a
point of view that is free from hypotheses or preconceptions (Husserl 1970). Phenomenological
research is a qualitative study that focuses on the commonality of a lived experience within a
particular group. The fundamental goal of this type of research design is to arrive at a
description of the nature of the particular phenomenon of interest (Creswell, 2013).

The main purpose of this study is to have an in-depth knowledge and insights on how
certain people’s lived from the situation; and making voices to be heard. Thus,
phenomenological study is a method used to describe experiences and examine the
uniqueness of individual’s lived situations.

Research Environment

This study will be conducted at Baugo National High School (BNHS), located at
barangay Baugo Maasin City, Southern Leyte, this includes the four barangays which are
barangay Acasia, Lunas, Baugo and Cansirong. The school is far from the City and it is
surrounded by trees and houses. The school has learning facilities that are available in the
campus such as the library, computer laboratory, science laboratory and home economics.

The researchers will conduct an interview to each barangay and start with barangay
Acacia, Baugo, Lunas and Cansirong.

Research Sampling

A purposive sampling technique will be appropriate for phenomenological study; it is

being one which selects people who have experienced the phenomenon of interest (Ellis, 2016).
It will also allow the researchers to gather descriptive data from the particular group of individual
on their own words so that the researchers can develop insights, knowledge and understanding
on how these particular group of individual be interpreted at some piece of the world (Bogdan &
Biklen, 2007).

A purposive sampling technique will be appropriate for this study because it will allow for
the particular participants to be studied and provide data towards an evolving theory (Salamon,
2012). Creswell & Clark (2011) states that the purposive sampling is a technique widely used in
qualitative study involves identifying and selecting individuals that are especially knowledgeable
about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest. In addition to knowledge and experiences,
Bernard (2002) and Spradley (1979) noted the importance of availability and willingness to
participate, and the ability to communicate experiences and opinions in an articulate,
aggressive, and reflective manner.

Research Respondents/Participants

For phenomenological study, the researchers will have eight (8) respondents in this
study. Four (4) are the students and four (4) are the parents or guardian. The participants will be
selected with use of purposive sampling technique. Parents or guardian should have a high
school student currently schooling regardless of their age, sex, civil status, and as long as they
live in either any of the barangays aforementioned. While, students should be a high school
students also currently schooling regardless of their age, gender, grade level and as long as
they live in either any of the barangays aforementioned.

Research Instruments

The most appropriate instrument for phenomenological study is unstructured interview.

Unstructured interview is a qualitative research method used to assure that the answered
questions stated in the survey instrument are correctly delivered to the respondent/participants.
Open-ended questions will be used to give the respondents the opportunity to give their
responses based on lived experiences of the phenomena. In depth, unstructured interview
allows the researchers to explore an issue in an in-depth with an individual respondents by
tailoring their questioning according to how the interview is progressing (Brinkmann & Kvale,
2014). Unstructured interview allows the researchers to probe the responses given, gain a
richer and fuller understanding of how the respondents experience the phenomenon.
Phenomenological study is used to investigate a phenomenon from the experiences; and it
seeks to answer the questions in a descriptive manner through interviews and/or observations
of those closest of the phenomenon (Davison, 2013). This meets the primary goal to raise valid
and authentic information from the respondents/participants who are very close to the
phenomenon.

In qualitative research, unstructured interview is appropriate use to provide the real and
authentic information and perspectives from the participants rather than just merely identifying
the issues or problems. During the interview process where new knowledge and insights are
acquired through direct observations, the researchers should avoid all the assumptions, biases
and preconceived thoughts about the phenomenon to come up the valid result (Drummond,
2011). Creswell (2009) also stated that, phenomenological research questions must be
descriptive and must look for meaning in the experiences of the respondent.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers will submit a letter of request to the Office of the Department of the
Interior and Local Government (DILG) specifically, to the Office of Planning (Sir Dale) to allow
the researchers to collect the data. After given the permission, the researchers will go to the
aforementioned barangays to inform every Barangay Captain about the study and purpose of
the study that must be obtain; and to conduct an interview.

Prior to the collection of data, the respondents will be given written instructions and will
be notified of their voluntary participation in the research and right to refusal. Respondents will
be asked to sign the Informed Consent before interviews are conducted.

In-depth, unstructured interviews will be conducted in order to gain insights into the
respondents lived experiences. Semi-structured questions will be asked to understand how
respondents felt and how their lived experiences they had encountered in their schooling in the
midst of Covid-19.

Treatment of Data

Deductive Thematic Analysis

Deductive thematic analysis is a qualitative research method used for analyzing,

identifying, organizing, describing, and reporting themes found within a data; and it offers a
more accessible form of analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Thematic analysis is useful method to
examine different perspective of the participants that emphasize similarities and differences and
generating unanticipated insights. Thematic analysis is also useful for transcribing, interpreting
and summarizing key features; and help the researchers to produce a clear and well-organized
final report (King, 2004).

References

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271833455_Theoritical_Frameworks_Methods_and_P
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