i

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

IN RESEARCHN 141

EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE PRICES ON YOUTH SMOKERS

GONZAGA, BRYAN V.
BARILLA, NORBIE D.
PAYAT, EDDIE MER B.
QUIAMCO, MARK HAROLD Q.

MARCH 2019
ii
Republic of the Philippines
ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
EXTENSION PROGRAM-VITALI CAMPUS
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR
Mialim, VitaliZamboanga City

APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled IMPACT OF LECTURE TYPE MODE OF INSTRUCTION
ON THE TEST SCORES OF BSED TLE THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF
ZAMBOANGA CITY STATE POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE-VITALI CAMPUS.
Prepared and submitted by JENNIVY B. ESTRELLAS, MA. KIMBERLY A.
FALCASANTOS, SHERIMAE C. HILARIO and ARNELOU M. QUIAMCO. In partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Secondary Education major
in TLE is hereby accepted.
OMAR P. DELA MERCED
Adviser

Approved by the Oral Examination Committee with a grade of _____________________

Rosalie M. Alvarez
Chairman
Ryan D.C. PerezLorenceVillaceran
Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Secondary Education major in TLE.
FREDECICK B. LIMEN
Campus Administrator
Informed Consent to Participate in Research Study

Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College

Vitali Extension Program
Title Research: Effect of Cigarette Prices on youth Smokers
BSED TLE II of ZCSPC Vitali Extension
Name of Principal Investigation:
Barilla, Norbie S.
Gonzaga, Bryan V.
Payat, Eddie mer B.
Quiamco, Mark Harold Q.
Phone Number of Principal Investigator: 09067191934

A. PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND

Bryan, Norbie, Eddie mer and Mark Haroldis conducting research on: Effect
of Cigarette Prices on Youth Smokers among students of ZCSPC Vitali
Extension Program. The purpose of our participation in this research is to help
the researchers to know if the increase of cigarette prices affects their daily
life. You were selected as a possible participant in this study because you are
the student of ZCSPC Vitali Extension Program.

B. PROCEDURES
If you agree to participate in this study, the following will occur: Survey.

C. CONFIDENTIALITY
The record from this study will be kept as confidential as possible. No
individual identities will be used in any reports or publications resulting from
the study. All [insert data collection and retention method i.e. questionnaires,
tapes, transcripts, summaries] will be given codes and stored separately from
any names or other direct identification of participants. Research information
will be kept inlocked files at all times. Only research personnel will have
access to the files and answer to the questionnaire and only those with an
essential need to see names or other identifying information will have access
to that particular files. After the study is completed March 2019.
 Informed Consent to Participate in a Research Study
Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College
Vitali Extension Program
Title Research Project: Effect of Cigarette prices on Youth Smokers
Name of Principal Investigator:
Barilla, Norbie S.
Gonzaga, Bryan V.
Pyat, Eddie mer B.
Quiamco, Mark Harold Q.
.
Phone Number of Principal Investigator: 090657191934

F. VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Your decision whether or not to participate in this study is voluntary and will not affect
your relationship with the Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College- Vitali Campus. If
you choose to participate in this study, you can withdraw your consent and discontinue
participation at any time without prejudice.

G. QUESTIONS
If you have any questions about the study, please contact Bryan V Gonzaga by calling
09067191934.

CONSENT
YOU ARE MAKING A DECISION WHETHER OR NOT TO PARTICIPATE IN
A RESEARCH STUDY. YOUR SIGNATURE BELOW INDICATES THAT YOU
HAVE DECIDED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE STUDY AFTER READING ALL
OF THE INFORMATION ABOVE AND YOU UNDERSTAND THE
INFORMATION IN THIS FORM, HAVE HAD ANY QUESTIONS ANSWERED
AND HAVE RECEIVED A COPY OF THIS FORM FOR YOU TO KEEP.

Signature________________________________________________ Date___________

Research Participants

Signature________________________________________________ Date___________
Interviewer

iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to extend our gratitude to our school administrator Mr.

FREDERICK B. LIMEN, subject teacher Mr. OMAR P. DELA MERCED and to
our panellists Ms. ROSALIE M. ALVAREZ, MR.MARK RYAN PEREZ AND
MR. LORENCE VILLACERAN for being part of the success of this study.

We would like also to express our sincere gratitude to the respondents who
were included in the study for making this possible and addressed. Our deepest
thanks to you our dear respondents for the participation and valuable information
that you had contributed.

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages
Title………………………………………………………………...
………..iApproval sheet ………………….
…………………………………………..ii
Acknowledgement ……………………………...………………………... iii
Table of contents ………………………………………………………...iv
List of tables……………………………………………………………….v
List of figure ……...……………...……………………………………......vi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study ……………………………...……………1
Statement of the problem ……………………………...……….….. 2
Purpose of the study ………………………...……………………..2
CHAPTER 11: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Related Literature ……………...………………………….……......4
Related studies ………………………………………..………….... 4
Definition of terms ………………………………………...….….9
Conceptual Framework…………...……………………….…..… 10
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Instrument ……………….………………………….…. 11
 Locale of the Research Design Study ……………………….….. 12
Population and Sampling Procedure ……………………….….… 13
Data gathering Procedure ………………………...…………….. 13
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Presentation, analysis and interpretation of data ……...…….…….14
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
SUMMAREY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION………………………….…………….... 18
REFFERENCES ………………………..…………….….……… 19
APPENDICES ………………………………….………….…….. 20
INTERVIEW GUIDE ……………………….……………..……. 21
CURRICULUM GUIDE…….……..……………………….…...22

v
LIST OF FIGURE
No.
Page
1. Figure 1. ……………………………………………………………10
 vi
LIST OF TABLES

No. Title
Pages
1. Distribution of Respondents according to age ………………..……… 14
2. Distribution of Respondents according to gender …………….…....... 15
3. Distribution of Respondents according to course consumption of mother
……………………………………………………………..…… 15
4. Distribution of Respondents according to course consumption of father
………………………………………………………………… 16
5. Distribution of Respondents according to prices of cigarette in local
Areas..……………………………………………………..……...... 17
6.Distribution of Respondents according to the effect of prices of
cigarettes at their economic status ……………………………….….. 17
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Smoking is associated with several market failures such as negative
externalities and imperfect information of the market participants. The
health consequences of smoking result in huge health care expenses partly
paid from public funds. Smoking at an early age increases the risk of lung
cancer. For most smoking-related cancer, the risk rises as the individual
continues to smokers. Ross et al. (2002)
Among young people, the short-term health consequences of
smoking include respiratory and non-respiratory effects, addiction to
nicotine, and the associated risk of drug use. Long-term health
consequences of youth smokers are reinforced by the fact that most young
people who smoke regularly continue to smoke throughout adulthood.
Teenage smokers suffer from shortness of breath almost three times as
often as teens who don’t smoke, and produce phlegm more than twice as
often who don’t smoke. Teenage smokers are more likely to have seen a
doctor or other health professionals for an emotional or psychological
complaint. Teens who smoke are three times more likely than non-
smokers to use alcohol, eight times more likely to use marijuana, and 22
times more likely to use cocaine. Smoking is associated with a host of
other risky behaviours, such as fighting and engaging in unprotected sex.
In addition, the cost of medical treatment for smokers inflates health
insurance premiums for everyone regardless of smoking participation.
Lower labour market productivity is another result of engagement in
tobacco consumption. These market failures can justify government
interventions in the market for tobacco products. Youth is a particular
interest for public policy makers and economists because it is the most
effective group to target for smoking prevention program s and there some
additional externalities associated with the youth smokers. Almost all first
use of cigarettes occurs during the high school years.
At that age, consumers are either not well informed or they do not
consciously process information on the health hazards of smoking. At that
time, young people are making a decision about smoking, they may not be
fully aware of the health consequences of smoking. Youth typically
underestimates the risk of addiction to cigarettes and mistakenly assumes
that they can quit easily in a few years.
In the Philippines, the number of smoke is constantly on the rise. It
is a phenomenon that in recent years, seems to affect the youngest most of
all: 30% of girls between the ages of 13 and 15 smoke regularly.
According to a recent study conducted by the Southeast Asia Tobacco
Control Alliance, 18.7% of Filipino young women between the ages of 13
and 25 smoke cigarettes. The numbers go up if the sample is restricted to
teenagers between 13 and 15, 3 out of 10 already have the smoking habit.
Among female smokers, 60% say that they smoked their first cigarette at
the age of 18, while the remaining 40% say they started when they were
still young. They continue to smoke despite the fact that they are aware of
the risks connected to smoking, nine out of ten know that smoking can
cause lung cancer, infertility, early menopause, osteoporosis, and
hysterectomy. For this reason, the country has begun an anti-smoking
campaign supported by the local Catholic Church: The first initiatives
include that of putting warning labels on packaging.
There is an economic explanation for this rising trend. Smoking
will be a costlier habit from 2018, with a higher excise duty on tobacco
under the first package of President Rodrigo Duterte’s tax reform. Based
on the new schedule for “sin” taxes, the duty on tobacco products will be
raised to P32.50 per pack from January, 1 to June 30, 2018 and further to
P35 from July, 1 to December 31, 2019. The current rate stands at P30. It
will be increased further to P37.50 from January 1, 2020 to December 31,
2021, and P40 from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023. From January
1, 2024 the levy will be increased by 4% annually. Under a 2012 law that
restructured levies on tobacco products and spirits, the P30 tax per pack
will be increased annually by 4% from January 1, 2018. Senator Manny
Pacquiao filed a bill last 2018 seeking to double the unitary tax on
cigarettes from the current P30 per pack to P60 per pack. Senator Pacquiao
also wanted to hike the yearly increase in cigarette taxes to 9% from 4%.

To discourage the use of tobacco products among the younger

generation in the 2010’s, public officials designed and adopted numerous
anti-smoking policies. Cigarette market interventions now cover a wide
range of areas. The most significant among them are tobacco excise taxes,
smoke-free indoor air laws, laws restricting access of minors to tobacco
(including retail tobacco licensing) advertising and promotion restrictions
on tobacco products, requirements for warning labels on tobacco products
and requirements for product ingredient disclosure. Under the Republic
Act (RA) 9211 or the Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003, which regulate the
packaging, use, sale, distribution and advertisement of cigarettes and other
tobacco products. One of the main objectives of the law is to protect the
youth from being initiated into cigarette smoking and tobacco use by
prohibiting the sale of tobacco products to minors (Section 3, Ibid)
obviously, in order to protect minors against harmful effects of tobacco
products at such a young age. To enforce this policy, a portion of the law
is specifically designed to strictly restrict access by minors to tobacco
products. This includes the prohibition of sale and distribution of tobacco
products within one hundred (100) meters from any point of the perimeter
of a school, public playground or other facility frequented particularly by
minors (Section 10, Ibid.) perimeter as defined by the implementing rules
and regulations of the law, refers to any point in the boundaries as
indicated in the original certificate of Title or Transfer Certificate of Title
of the tract of land that is actually used or occupied by a school, public
play ground or other facility frequented particularly by persons below
eighteen (18) years of age, whether the tract of land is separated from
adjacent tracts by a wall or fence (IAC-Tobacco Memorandum circular
No. 1, s. 2004)
But this law didn’t affect the wants of youth in cigarette. That’s
why youth still buying cigarettes even though they are minors.

APPENDEX A
Republic of the Philippines
Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College
Vitali Extension Program
Vitali, Zamboanga City

Dear Respondents,

We the third (3rd) year students conducting our research study entitled
“Effect of Cigarette Prices on Youth Smokers” this is in partial fulfilment
of the requirements in research II (Field Work).
 In this regard, you have been chosen to be the respondent of our study.
Please feel to answer the questions honestly. Rest assured your response
will be treated as confidential.
Thank you and God bless.
Very truly yours,
Barilla, Norbie D.
Gonzaga, Bryan V.
Payat, Eddie Mer B.
Quiamco, Mark Harold Q.

Noted:
OMAR P. DELA MERCED
APPENDEX B
Republic of the Philippines
Zambonga City State polytechnic college
Vitali Extension Program
Vitali, Zamboanga City

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______

Age: ______ Sex: ______ Status: ___________
Occupation: ___________________
Mother’s Name: _____________________ Occupation: _____________
Father’s Name: ______________________ Occupation: _____________
“About you”
1. Do you smoke? (if yes proceed to number 2,3,4,5 and 6)
[ ] Occasionally
[ ] Sometimes
[ ] Never
2. How many sticks of cigarette do you consume within a day?
[]0
[ ] 1-5
[ ] 5-10 above

3. How much is the cost of your brand cigarette?

[ ] P25-P35
[ ] P35-P50
[ ] P50 above
4. What is the reason why you smoke cigarette?
[ ] Curiosity
[ ] Influenced by friends
[ ] personal wants
5. Were you affected by the increase in the cigarette prices?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
 [ ] Maybe
6. Where did you get the money to buy cigarette?
[ ] Parents/own
[ ] Classmates/ Friends
[ ] Other

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Bryan V. Gonzaga
Nick name: Yhan
Age: 24
Course: BSED TLE
Date of birth: June 29, 1995
Home Address: Mangusu, Zamboanga City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of mother: Gemma V. Gonzaga
Name of father: Marvin G. Gonzaga
EDUCATINAL ATTAINMENT
Year
Degree School Address Graduated

Mangusu Mangusu,
Elementary Elementary Zamboanga 2007-2008
School City

Vitali Vitali,
Secondary National Zamboanga 2012-2013
High School city

Zamboanga Vitali,
BSED TLE City State Zamboanga 2016-present
Polytechnic City
College

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Mark Harold Q. Quiamco
Nick name: Marky
Age: 22
Course:BSED TLE
Date of birth: May 02, 1997
Home Address: TindaloVitali, Zamboanga City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Name of mother: Yolanda Q. Quiamco
Name of father: HobertoQuiamco
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Year
Degree School Address Graduated

Tindalo Tindalo,Vitali
Elementary Elementary Zamboanga 2007-2008
School City

Vitali National Vitali,

Secondary High School Zamboanga 2012-2013
City

Zamboanga Vitali, 2016-

BSED TLE City State Zamboanga present
Polytechnic Citry
College

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:Norbie S. Barilla
Nick name: thengz30
Age: 26
Course: BSED TLE
Date of birth: July 30, 1992
Home Address: MulawinMangusu, Zamboanga City
Religion: Islam
Name of mother: Nawira D, Barilla
Name of father: Halilulla S. Barilla
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Year
Degree School Address Graduated

Mulawin Mangusu,
Elementary Elementary Zamboanga 2004-2005
School City
 Vitali Vitali,
Secondary National Zamboanga 2008-2009
High School city

Zamboanga Vitali,
BSED TLE City state Zamboanga 2016-present
Polytechnic City
college

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name:Eddimer B. Payat
Nick name: Yeyey
Sex: Male
Course: BSED TLE
Date of birth: Baliwasan, Zamboanga City
Home address: Limaong, Zamboanga City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mothers name: Adelina B. Payat
Fathers name:Ermel G. Payat
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Year
Degree School Address Graduated
Limaong Limaong,
Elementary Elementary Zamboanga 2007-2008
School Cit
Limaong Limaong,
Secondary National zamboanga 2012-2013
High School City
Zamboanga Vitali, 2016-
BSED TLE City State Zamboanga present
Polytechnic City
College
THE RESEARCHERS

EFFECT OF CIGARETTE PRICES ON YOUTH SMOKERS

Year : 2019

Gonzaga, Bryan V. Quiamco, Mark Harold Q.

 BSED TLE BSED TLE

Barilla, Norbie S. Eddie mer B.

Payat
BSED TLE BSED TLE