Zadatak 101 (Sanela, Anamarija, maturantice gimnazije)

 π  π 2
Riješi jednadžbu: sin  x −  ⋅ cos  x −  = ⋅
 4  4 4
Rješenje 101
Ponovimo!
sin 2α = 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α .
 π  π 2  π  π 2  π 2
sin  x −  ⋅ cos  x −  = / ⋅ 2 ⇒ 2 ⋅ sin  x −  ⋅ cos  x −  = ⇒ sin 2 ⋅  x −  = ⇒
 4  4 4  4  4 2  4 2
π 
supstitucija  t1 = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅ π , k ∈ Z 
 π 2 2
⇒   4
⇒ sin  2 ⋅ x −  = ⇒ sin t = ⇒  ⇒
 2 2 2 ⋅ x − π = t  2 π 
 2  t = π − + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π , k ∈ Z
2 4 
π 
t1 = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅ π 
4
⇒ .
3⋅π
t = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π 
2 4 
Vraćamo se supstituciji:
π 
t= + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π 
4  π π π π
•  ⇒ 2 ⋅ x − = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = + + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π ⇒
π 2 4 4 2
2⋅ x − = t 
2 

π + 2 ⋅π 3⋅π 3⋅π
⇒ 2⋅ x = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅ π / : 2 ⇒ x1 = + k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
4 4 8
3 ⋅π 
t= + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π 
4  π 3 ⋅π 3 ⋅π π
•  ⇒ 2⋅ x − = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = + + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π ⇒
π  2 4 4 2
2⋅ x − = t
2 
3⋅π + 2 ⋅π 5 ⋅π 5 ⋅π
⇒ 2⋅ x = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅ π /:2 ⇒ x2 = + k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
4 4 8
Vježba 101
 π  π 1
Riješi jednadžbu: sin  x −  ⋅ cos  x −  = ⋅
 4  4  2⋅ 2
3⋅π 5 ⋅π
Rezultat: x1 = + k ⋅ π , k ∈ Z , x2 = + k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
8 8

Zadatak 102 (Igor, gimnazija)

π  π 
Pojednostavnite izraz: sin 2 α + cos  − α  ⋅ cos  + α  ⋅
3  3 
Rješenje 102
Ponovimo!
1
cos x ⋅ cos y = ⋅ cos ( x + y ) + cos ( x − y )  , cos2 x + sin 2 x = 1 , cos ( π − α ) = − cos α
2
cos − x = cos x , cos 2 x = cos 2 x − sin 2 x.
( )
π  π  1  π π  π π 
sin 2 α + cos  − α  ⋅ cos  + α  = sin 2 α + ⋅ cos  − α + + α  + cos  − α − − α   =
3  3  2  3 3  3 3 

1
 1  2 ⋅π  1   π 
= sin 2 α + ⋅  cos + cos ( −2 ⋅ α )  = sin 2 α + ⋅ cos  π −  + cos 2α  =
2  3  2   3 
1  π  1  1 
= sin 2 α + ⋅  − cos + cos2 α − sin 2 α  = sin 2 α + ⋅  − + 1 − sin 2 α − sin 2 α  =
2  3  2  2 
1 1  1 1
= sin 2 α + ⋅  − 2 ⋅ sin 2 α  = sin 2 α + − sin 2 α = .
2 2  4 4
Vježba 102
 π  π 
Pojednostavnite izraz: 4 ⋅ sin 2 α + cos  − α  ⋅ cos  + α   ⋅
  3   3 
Rezultat: 1.

Zadatak 103 (Ivana, gimnazija)

Riješi jednadžbu: sin x − 3 ⋅ cos x = 0.
Rješenje 103
Ponovimo!
a a
cos2 x + sin 2 x = 1 , = .
b b
1.inačica
sin x − 3 ⋅ cos x = 0 ⇒ sin x = 3 ⋅ cos x.
Budući da funkcije sin x i cos x imaju isti predznak, rješenja jednadžbe nalaze se u prvom i trećem
kvadrantu. Kvadriranjem jednadžbe dobije se:

sin x = ( )
3 ⋅ cos x / 2 ⇒ sin 2 x = 3 ⋅ cos2 x ⇒ sin 2 x = 3 ⋅ 1 − sin 2 x ⇒ sin 2 x = 3 − 3 ⋅ sin 2 x ⇒

3
sin x = 
3 3 3 2 
⇒ 4 ⋅ sin 2 x = 3 /: 4 ⇒ sin 2 x = / ⇒ sin x = ± ⇒ sin x = ± ⇒ .
4 4 2 3
sin x = −
2 
Za prvi kvadrant vrijedi:
3 π
sin x = ⇒ x = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
2 1 3
Za treći kvadrant vrijedi:
3 4 ⋅π
sin x = − ⇒ x = + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
2 2 3
Konačno rješenje jednadžbe glasi:
π
x= + k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
3
2.inačica
sin x π
sin x − 3 ⋅ cos x = 0 ⇒ sin x = 3 ⋅ cos x /:cos x ⇒ = 3 ⇒ tg x = 3 ⇒ x= + k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
cos x 3
Vježba 103
Riješi jednadžbu: sin x − cos x = 0.
π
Rezultat: x= + k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.
4

2
Zadatak 104 (Sanela, gimnazija)
Ako je cos 2 α + cos 2 β = a, nađite cos (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β ) .
Rješenje 104
Ponovimo!
cos ( x + y ) = cos x ⋅ cos y − sin x ⋅ sin y , cos ( x − y ) = cos x ⋅ cos y + sin x ⋅ sin y , cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1
1
cos x ⋅ cos y = ⋅  cos ( x + y ) + cos ( x − y )  , cos 2 ⋅ x = 2 ⋅ cos 2 x − 1.
2 
1.inačica
cos (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β ) = ( cos α ⋅ cos β − sin α ⋅ sin β ) ⋅ ( cos α ⋅ cos β + sin α ⋅ sin β ) = [ razlika kvadrata ] =
2 2
= ( cos α ⋅ cos β ) − ( sin α ⋅ sin β ) = cos2 α ⋅ cos 2 β − sin 2 α ⋅ sin 2 β =

( )( ) (
= cos 2 α ⋅ cos 2 β − 1 − cos2 α ⋅ 1 − cos 2 β = cos 2 α ⋅ cos2 β − 1 − cos2 α − cos 2 β + cos2 α ⋅ cos2 β = )
= cos 2 α ⋅ cos 2 β − 1 + cos 2 α + cos 2 β − cos2 α ⋅ cos 2 β = cos 2 α + cos 2 β − 1 = a − 1.

2.inačica
1 1
cos (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β ) = ⋅ cos (α + β + α − β ) + cos (α + β − α + β )  = ⋅ [ cos 2α + cos 2 β ] =
2 2
1  1
= ⋅  2 ⋅ cos α − 1 + 2 ⋅ cos β − 1 = ⋅  2 ⋅ cos α + 2 ⋅ cos β − 2  = cos 2 α + cos2 β − 1 = a − 1.
2 2 2 2
2   2  
Vježba 104
Ako je cos 2 α + cos 2 β = a + 1, nađite cos (α + β ) ⋅ cos (α − β ) .
Rezultat: a.

Zadatak 105 (Ivan, građevinska škola)

Nađi broj korijena jednadžbe sin ( π ⋅ cos x ) = 0 koji se nalaze u intervalu 0, 2 ⋅ π .
Rješenje 105
sin ( π ⋅ cos x ) = 0 ⇒ π ⋅ cos x = k ⋅ π /:π ⇒ cos x = k , k ∈ Z .
Budući da je cos x ≤ 1, moguća su sljedeća rješenja:
π 3⋅π
• cos x = 0 ⇒ x1 = , x2 =
2 2
• cos x = 1 ⇒ x = 0 , x = 2 ⋅ π nisu rješenja zbog x ∈ 0, 2 ⋅ π
3 4
• cos x = −1 ⇒ x5 = π .
Ukupno su 3 rješenja.
Vježba 105
Nađi broj korijena jednadžbe sin ( π ⋅ cos x ) = 0 koji se nalaze u segmentu [ 0, 2 ⋅ π ].
Rezultat: Ukupno 5 rješenja.

Zadatak 106 (Nada, maturantica)

7
Neka su α i β kutovi pravokutnog trokuta (α ≠ 90°, β ≠ 90°). Ako je tg α = , koliko je
24
sin β?
Rješenje 106
Ponovimo!

3
 π 
ctg  − x  = tg x , cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 1.
2 
π 7 
α+β = , tg α = 
2 24 7 cos β 7 2 cos2 β 49
 ⇒ ctg β = ⇒ = / ⇒ = ⇒
 π   24 sin β 24 sin 2 β 576
ctg β = ctg  − α  = tg α
2  

( )
⇒ 49 ⋅ sin 2 β = 576 ⋅ cos2 β ⇒ 49 ⋅ sin 2 β = 576 ⋅ 1 − sin 2 β ⇒ 49 ⋅ sin 2 β = 576 − 576 ⋅ sin 2 β ⇒
576
⇒ 49 ⋅ sin 2 β + 576 ⋅ sin 2 β = 576 ⇒ 625 ⋅ sin 2 β = 576 ⇒ sin 2 β = / ⇒
625
576 24
⇒ sin β = ⇒ sin β = .
625 25
Vježba 106
7
Neka su α i β kutovi pravokutnog trokuta (α ≠ 90°, β ≠ 90°). Ako je tg α = , koliko je
24
cos β?
7
Rezultat: cos β = .
25

Zadatak 107 (Marija, ekonomska škola)

π  π 
Pojednostavnite izraz: sin  + α  + sin  − α  .
6  6 
Rješenje 107
Ponovimo!
sin ( x + y ) = sin x ⋅ cos y + cos x ⋅ sin y , sin ( x − y ) = sin x ⋅ cos y − cos x ⋅ sin y
x+ y x− y
sin x + sin y = 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos .
2 2
1.inačica
π  π  π π π π
sin  + α  + sin  − α  = sin ⋅ cos α + cos ⋅ sin α + sin ⋅ cos α − cos ⋅ sin α =
6  6  6 6 6 6
π 1
= 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos α = 2 ⋅ ⋅ cos α = cos α .
6 2
2.inačica
π π π π π
+α + −α +α − +α 2⋅
π  π  6 ⋅ cos 2 ⋅ α =
sin  + α  + sin  − α  = 2 ⋅ sin 6 6 ⋅ cos 6 6 = 2 ⋅ sin
6  6  2 2 2 2
π 1
= 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos α = 2 ⋅ ⋅ cos α = cos α .
6 2
Vježba 107
π  π 
Pojednostavnite izraz: cos  + α  + cos  − α  .
3  3 
Rezultat: cos α.

Zadatak 108 (Rea, gimnazija)

4 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α ⋅ cos 2α
Pojednostavnite izraz: ⋅ ctg 4α .
cos 2 2α − sin 2 2α

4
Rješenje 108
Ponovimo!
sin x
sin 2 x = 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x , cos 2 x = cos 2 x − sin 2 x , tg x = , tg x ⋅ ctg x = 1.
cos x
4 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α ⋅ cos 2α 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α ⋅ cos 2α 2 ⋅ sin 2α ⋅ cos 2α
⋅ ctg 4α = ⋅ ctg 4α = ⋅ ctg 4α =
2
cos 2α − sin 2α 2 cos 4α cos 4α
sin 4α
= ⋅ ctg 4α = tg 4α ⋅ ctg 4α = 1.
cos 4α
Vježba 108
cos2 2α − sin 2 2α
Pojednostavnite izraz: ⋅ tg 4α .
4 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α ⋅ cos 2α
Rezultat: 1.

Zadatak 109 (Rea, gimnazija)

Nađite rješenja jednadžbe: sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x = cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x.
Rješenje 109
Ponovimo!
1
sin (α − β ) = sin α ⋅ cos β − cos α ⋅ sin β , sin ( − α ) = − sin α , sin α ⋅ cos β = ⋅ sin (α + β ) + sin (α − β )  .
2 
1.inačica
sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x = cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x ⇒ sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x − cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x = 0 ⇒ sin ( x − 3 ⋅ x ) = 0 ⇒ sin ( −2 ⋅ x ) = 0 ⇒
π
⇒ − sin 2 ⋅ x = 0 / ⋅ ( −1) ⇒ sin 2 ⋅ x = 0 ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = k ⋅ π /: 2 ⇒ x = k ⋅ , k ∈ Z.
2
2.inačica
1
sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x = cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x ⇒ sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x = cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x / ⋅ ⇒
cos x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x
sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x sin x sin 3 ⋅ x
⇒ = ⇒ = ⇒ tg x = tg 3 ⋅ x ⇒ tg 3 ⋅ x = tg x ⇒
cos x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x cos x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x cos x cos3 ⋅ x
π
⇒ 3 ⋅ x = x + k ⋅ π ⇒ 3 ⋅ x − x = k ⋅ π ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = k ⋅ π /:2 ⇒ x = k ⋅ , k ∈ Z.
2
3.inačica
1 1
sin x ⋅ cos3 ⋅ x = cos x ⋅ sin 3 ⋅ x ⇒ ⋅ sin ( x + 3 ⋅ x ) + sin ( x − 3 ⋅ x )  = ⋅ sin ( 3 ⋅ x + x ) + sin ( 3 ⋅ x − x )  ⇒
2 2
1 1
⇒ ⋅ sin 4 ⋅ x + sin ( −2 ⋅ x )  = ⋅ [sin 4 ⋅ x + sin 2 ⋅ x ] / ⋅ 2 ⇒
2 2
⇒ sin 4 ⋅ x + sin ( −2 ⋅ x ) = sin 4 ⋅ x + sin 2 ⋅ x ⇒ sin ( −2 ⋅ x ) = sin 2 ⋅ x ⇒ − sin 2 ⋅ x = sin 2 ⋅ x ⇒
π
⇒ − sin 2 ⋅ x − sin 2 ⋅ x = 0 ⇒ − 2 ⋅ sin 2 ⋅ x = 0 /: ( −2 ) ⇒ sin 2 ⋅ x = 0 ⇒ 2 ⋅ x = k ⋅ π /: 2 ⇒ x = k ⋅ , k ∈ Z.
2
Vježba 109
Nađite rješenja jednadžbe: sin x ⋅ cos 2 x = cos x ⋅ sin 2 x.
Rezultat: x = k ⋅π , k ∈ Z.

Zadatak 110 (Ivan, građevinska škola)

Nađite rješenja jednadžbe: cos5 x + 1 = 0.
Rješenje 110

5
 π 2 ⋅π
cos5 x + 1 = 0 ⇒ cos5 x = −1 ⇒ cos5 x = cos π ⇒ 5 ⋅ x = π + k ⋅ 2 ⋅ π /:5 ⇒ x = +k⋅ ⇒
5 5
π
⇒ x = ( 2 ⋅ k + 1) ⋅ , k ∈ Z.
5
Vježba 110
Nađite rješenja jednadžbe: cos 4 x + 1 = 0.
π
Rezultat: x = ( 2 ⋅ k + 1) ⋅ , k ∈ Z.
4

Zadatak 111 (Josip, srednja škola)

Nađite maksimum funkcije: f ( x ) = sin 4 x + 4 ⋅ cos 2 x + cos 4 x + 4 ⋅ sin 2 x .
Rješenje 111
Ponovimo!
n m n⋅m 2 2 2
a ( )
=a , cos2 α + sin 2 α = 1 , ( a − b ) = a − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b
2 2 2
(a + b) = a + 2⋅a⋅b + b .
2 2
f ( x) = sin 4 x + 4 ⋅ cos 2 x + cos 4 x + 4 ⋅ sin 2 x = ( sin 2 x ) + 4 ⋅ cos 2 x + ( cos2 x ) + 4 ⋅ sin 2 x =

2 2
= (1 − cos2 x ) + 4 ⋅ cos 2 x + (1 − sin2 x ) + 4 ⋅ sin 2 x =

= 1 − 2 ⋅ cos 2 x + cos 4 x + 4 ⋅ cos 2 x + 1 − 2 ⋅ sin 2 x + sin 4 x + 4 ⋅ sin 2 x =

2 2
= 1 + 2 ⋅ cos 2 x + cos 4 x + 1 + 2 ⋅ sin 2 x + sin 4 x = (1 + cos2 x ) + (1 + sin2 x ) =

= 1 + cos 2 x + 1 + sin 2 x = 2 + cos 2 x + sin 2 x = 3.

Vježba 111
Nađite maksimum funkcije: f ( x ) = 2 ⋅ sin 4 x + 4 ⋅ cos2 x + 2 ⋅ cos4 x + 4 ⋅ sin 2 x .
Rezultat: 6.

Zadatak 112 (Sanela, Anamarija, maturantice gimnazije)

sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3x
Dokazati identitet: = tg 2 x.
cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3x
Rješenje 112
Ponovimo!
α+β α −β α +β α −β
sin α + sin β = 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos , cos α + cos β = 2 ⋅ cos ⋅ cos , cos ( −α ) = cos α .
2 2 2 2
x + 3x x − 3x
( sin x + sin 3x ) + sin 2 x 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos + sin 2 x
sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3 x 2 2
= = =
cos x + cos 2 x + cos3 x ( cos x + cos3 x ) + cos 2 x 2 ⋅ cos x + 3 x ⋅ cos x − 3 x + cos 2 x
2 2
4x −2 x
2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos + sin 2 x 2 ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ cos ( − x ) + sin 2 x
2 2 2 ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ cos x + sin 2 x
= = = =
+ cos 2 x 2 ⋅ cos 2 x ⋅ cos ( − x ) + cos 2 x 2 ⋅ cos 2 x ⋅ cos x + cos 2 x
4x −2 x
2 ⋅ cos ⋅ cos
2 2

6
 sin 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ cos x + 1) sin 2 x
= = = tg 2 x. identitet je dokazan
cos 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ cos x + 1) cos 2 x
Vježba 112
cos x + cos 2 x + cos 3 x
Dokazati identitet: = ctg 2 x.
sin x + sin 2 x + sin 3 x
Rezultat: Dokaz analogan.

Zadatak 113 (Sanela, Anamarija, maturantice gimnazije)

2
( sin x + cos x ) − 1 .
Pojednostavniti izraz:
2
(1 + cos x ) − 4 + 3 ⋅ sin 2 x
Rješenje 113
Ponovimo!
2 α α α
( a + b ) = a 2 + 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b + b 2 , cos 2 α + sin 2 α = 1 , sin α = 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos , 1 − cos α = 2 ⋅ sin 2 .
2 2 2
2
( sin x + cos x ) − 1
=
2
( 2
)
sin 2 x + 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x + cos2 x − 1 sin x + cos x + 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x − 1
= =
2 2 x 1 + 2 ⋅ cos x + cos 2 x − 4 + 3 ⋅ sin 2 x 2 x − 3 + 3 ⋅ sin 2 x
( 1 + cos x ) − 4 + 3 ⋅ sin 2 ⋅ cos x + cos

1 + 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x − 1 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x

= = = = =
2
(
2 ⋅ cos x + cos x − 3 ⋅ 1 − sin x2
) 2 2 2
2 ⋅ cos x + cos x − 3 ⋅ cos x 2 ⋅ cos x − 2 ⋅ cos x 2 ⋅ cos x ⋅ (1 − cos x )
x x x x x
2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos sin ⋅ cos cos
sin x 2 2= 2 2= 2 = ctg x .
= =
1 − cos x x x x x 2
2 ⋅ sin 2 sin ⋅ sin sin
2 2 2 2
Vježba 113
2
Pojednostavniti izraz:
(1 + cos x ) − 4 + 3 ⋅ sin 2 x .
2
( sin x + cos x ) − 1
x
Rezultat: tg .
2

Zadatak 114 (Sanela, Anamarija, maturantice gimnazije)

4 ⋅ sin 2 x − sin 2 2 x
Pojednostavniti izraz: .
4 ⋅ cos2 x − sin 2 2 x
Rješenje 114
Ponovimo!
2 2 n m n+m
a − b = ( a − b ) ⋅ ( a + b ) , sin 2α = 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α , cos2 α + sin 2 α = 1 , a ⋅a = a .
4 ⋅ sin 2 x − sin 2 2 x ( 2 ⋅ sin x − sin 2 x ) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ sin x + sin 2 x )
= =
4 ⋅ cos2 x − sin 2 2 x ( 2 ⋅ cos x − sin 2 x ) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ cos x + sin 2 x )

=
( 2 ⋅ sin x − 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ sin x + 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ) = 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ (1 − cos x ) ⋅ 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ (1 + cos x ) =
( 2 ⋅ cos x − 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ) ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ cos x + 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ) 2 ⋅ cos x ⋅ (1 − sin x ) ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos x ⋅ (1 + sin x )

=
2
sin x ⋅ (1 − cos x ) ⋅ sin x ⋅ (1 + cos x ) sin 2 x ⋅ (1 − cos x ) ⋅ (1 + cos x ) sin x ⋅ 1 − cos x
= =
(
2
=
)
(
cos x ⋅ (1 − sin x ) ⋅ cos x ⋅ (1 + sin x ) cos 2 x ⋅ (1 − sin x ) ⋅ (1 + sin x ) cos2 x ⋅ 1 − sin 2 x
)
7
 sin 2 x ⋅ sin 2 x sin 4 x
= = = tg 4 x.
2 2
cos x ⋅ cos x cos x 4
Vježba 114
4 ⋅ cos2 x − sin 2 2 x
Pojednostavniti izraz: .
4 ⋅ sin 2 x − sin 2 2 x
Rezultat: ctg 4 x.

Zadatak 115 (Sanela, Anamarija, maturantice gimnazije)

sin 2 2 x − 2 ⋅ sin 2 x
Pojednostavniti izraz: .
sin 2 2 x − 2 ⋅ cos 2 x
Rješenje 115
Ponovimo!
2 2 n n n
a − b = ( a − b) ⋅ ( a + b) , ( a ⋅ b) = a ⋅ b , sin 2α = 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α , cos 2 α + sin 2 α = 1.
2 2 2 2
sin 2 2 x − 2 ⋅ sin 2 x ( sin 2 x ) − 2 ⋅ sin x ( 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ) − 2 ⋅ sin x 4 ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ cos2 x − 2 ⋅ sin 2 x
= = = =
sin 2 2 x − 2 ⋅ cos 2 x ( sin 2 x ) 2 − 2 ⋅ cos 2 x ( 2 ⋅ sin x ⋅ cos x ) 2 − 2 ⋅ cos2 x 4 ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ cos2 x − 2 ⋅ cos 2 x

=
(
2 ⋅ sin 2 x ⋅ 2 ⋅ cos 2 x − 1 ) =
sin 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ cos 2 x − 1) sin 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ cos 2 x − cos 2 x − sin 2 x )
= =
2 ⋅ cos 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ sin 2 x − 1) cos 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ sin 2 x − 1) cos 2 x ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ sin 2 x − cos 2 x − sin 2 x )

sin 2 x ⋅ ( cos 2 x − sin 2 x ) iz zagrade u brojniku  − sin 2 x ⋅ ( sin 2 x − cos2 x ) sin 2 x
= =  = =− = − tg 2 x.
cos x ⋅ ( sin x − cos x )   cos x ⋅ ( sin x − cos x )
2 2 2 izlučimo min us 2 2 2 2
cos x
Vježba 115
sin 2 2 x − 2cos 2 x
Pojednostavniti izraz: .
sin 2 2 x − 2sin 2 x
Rezultat: − ctg 2 x.

Zadatak 116 (Sanela, Anamarija, maturantice gimnazije)

Pojednostavniti izraz: ctg x − 1 + ctg 2 x .
Rješenje 116
Ponovimo!
α α α a a
cos2 α + sin 2 α = 1 , 1 − cos α = 2 ⋅ sin 2 , sin α = 2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos , = .
2 2 2 b b

cos x cos 2 x cos x sin 2 x + cos2 x cos x 1

ctg x − 1 + ctg 2 x = − 1+ = − = − =
sin x sin 2 x sin x sin 2 x sin x sin 2 x
x x x x
2 ⋅ sin 2 sin ⋅ sin sin
cos x 1 cos x − 1 1 − cos x 2 2 2 2 x
= − = =− =− =− =− = − tg .
sin x sin x sin x sin x x x x x x 2
2 ⋅ sin ⋅ cos sin ⋅ cos cos
2 2 2 2 2
Vježba 116
Pojednostavniti izraz: ctg x + 1 + ctg 2 x .
x
Rezultat: ctg .
2

8
Zadatak 117 (Igor, maturant)
4
Riješi nejednadžbu: tg x + ctg x < .
3
Rješenje 117
Ponovimo!
a c b d
cos2 α + sin 2 α = 1 , sin 2α = 2 ⋅ sin α ⋅ cos α , < ⇒ >
b d a c
2 a a 1 − cos 2α
a = a , = , 1 − sin 2 α = .
b b 2

4 sin x cos x 4 sin 2 x + cos 2 x 4 1 4

tg x + ctg x < ⇒ + < ⇒ < ⇒ < ⇒
3 cos x sin x 3 cos x ⋅ sin x 3 cos x ⋅ sin x 3

2 4 2 4 2 4 sin 2 x 3 3
⇒ < ⇒ < ⇒ < ⇒ > / ⋅ 2 ⇒ sin 2 x > .
2 ⋅ cos x ⋅ sin x 3 sin 2 x 3 sin 2 x 3 2 4 2
2
Budući da je a = a , slijedi:

3 3 2 3 1 − cos 4 x 3 3
sin 2 x > ⇒ sin 2 2 x > / ⇒ sin 2 2 x > ⇒ > / ⋅ 2 ⇒ 1 − cos 4 x > ⇒
2 2 4 2 4 2
3 1 1
⇒ − cos 4 x > − 1 ⇒ − cos 4 x > / ⋅ ( −1) ⇒ cos 4 x < − .
2 2 2
y
2π
π
3

1
-
2 x

-1 O 1

4π
π
3

2 ⋅π 4 ⋅π 1 π π π π
+ k ⋅ 2 ⋅π < 4 ⋅ x < + k ⋅ 2 ⋅π / ⋅ ⇒ + k ⋅ < x < + k ⋅ , k ∈ Z.
3 3 4 6 2 3 2
Vježba 117
4
Riješi nejednadžbu: tg x + ctg x ≤ .
3
π π π π
Rezultat: +k⋅ ≤x≤ +k⋅ , k ∈ Z.
6 2 3 2

Zadatak 118 (Elena, gimnazija)

2 0
Za kutove u trokutu vrijedi : tg α = , γ = 135 . Nađite tg β .
3
Rješenje 118
Ponovimo!
Zbroj kutova u trokutu je 180º:
α + β + γ = 180º.
Tangens zbroja:

9
 tg x + tg y
tg ( x + y ) = .
1 − tg x ⋅ tg y
Računamo tg β:
α + β + γ = 180
0  0
α + β = 180 − γ  0
α + β = 180 − 135
0 
  
tg α + tg β  ⇒ tg α + tg β  ⇒ tg α + tg β  ⇒
tg (α + β ) =  tg (α + β ) =  tg (α + β ) = 
1 − tg α ⋅ tg β  1 − tg α ⋅ tg β  1 − tg α ⋅ tg β 

α + β = 45
0  2
+ tg β
2
+ tg β
 0 3 2 2
⇒ tg α + tg β  ⇒ tg 45 = ⇒ 1= 3 ⇒ + tg β = 1 − ⋅ tg β ⇒
tg (α + β ) =  2 2 3 3
1 − tg α ⋅ tg β  1 − ⋅ tg β 1 − ⋅ tg β
3 3
2 2 5 1 3 1
⇒ tg β + ⋅ tg β = 1 − ⇒ ⋅ tg β = / ⋅ ⇒ tg β = ⇒ tg β = 0.2.
3 3 3 3 5 5
Vježba 118
1 0
Za kutove u trokutu vrijedi : tg α = , γ = 135 . Nađite tg β .
3
Rezultat: 0.5.

Zadatak 119 (Antun, tehnička škola)

Izračunajte sin 105º – sin 15º.
Rješenje 119
Ponovimo!
x+ y x− y
sin x − sin y = 2 ⋅ cos ⋅ sin , sin ( x + y ) = sin x ⋅ cos y + cos x ⋅ sin y
2 2
sin ( x − y ) = sin x ⋅ cos y − cos x ⋅ sin y.
1.inačica
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 105 + 15 105 − 15 120 90 0 0
sin105 − sin15 = 2 ⋅ cos ⋅ sin = 2 ⋅ cos ⋅ sin = 2 ⋅ cos 60 ⋅ sin 45 =
2 2 2 2
1 2 2
= 2⋅ ⋅ = .
2 2 2
2.inačica
0 0 0
( 0 0 0
sin105 − sin15 = sin 60 + 45 − sin 60 − 45 =) ( )
0 0 0 0 0
( 0 0 0
= sin 60 ⋅ cos 45 + cos60 ⋅ sin 45 − sin 60 ⋅ cos 45 − cos 60 ⋅ sin 45 = )
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
= sin 60 ⋅ cos 45 + cos 60 ⋅ sin 45 − sin 60 ⋅ cos 45 + cos 60 ⋅ sin 45 =
0 0 1 2 2
= 2 ⋅ cos 60 ⋅ sin 45 = 2 ⋅ ⋅ = .
2 2 2
Vježba 119
Izračunajte sin 105º – sin 75º.
Rezultat: 0.

Zadatak 120 (Antun, tehnička škola)

Koliko ima uređenih parova (x, y), x, y ∈ [ 0, 2π ] koji zadovoljavaju jednakosti
cos y ⋅ cos ( x + y ) + sin y ⋅ sin ( x + y ) = 1,
cos y ⋅ cos ( x − y ) − sin y ⋅ sin ( x − y ) = 1.

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Rješenje 120
Ponovimo!
cos (α + β ) = cos α ⋅ cos β − sin α ⋅ sin β , cos (α − β ) = cos α ⋅ cos β + sin α ⋅ sin β , cos ( − α ) = cos α .

cos y ⋅ cos ( x + y ) + sin y ⋅ sin ( x + y ) = 1  cos ( y − ( x + y ) ) = 1  cos ( y − x − y ) = 1 

 ⇒  ⇒  ⇒
cos y ⋅ cos ( x − y ) − sin y ⋅ sin ( x − y ) = 1  cos ( y + ( x − y ) ) = 1  cos ( y + x − y ) = 1 

cos ( − x ) = 1  cos x = 1  x1 = 0 
⇒  ⇒  ⇒ cos x = 1 ⇒ .
cos x = 1  cos x = 1  x2 = 2 ⋅ π 

Budući da y može biti bilo koji broj iz segmenta [ 0 , 2π ] , uređenih parova (x, y) ima beskonačno
mnogo, ∞.
Vježba 120
Koliko ima uređenih parova (x, y), x, y ∈ [ 0, π ] koji zadovoljavaju jednakosti
cos y ⋅ cos ( x + y ) + sin y ⋅ sin ( x + y ) = 1,
cos y ⋅ cos ( x − y ) − sin y ⋅ sin ( x − y ) = 1.
Rezultat: ∞.

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