The Collected Works of John Stuart

Mill, Volume II - The Principles of Political Economy

with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy
(Books I-II)
The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume II - The Principles of Political
Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy (Books I-II),
Collected Works
Editorial Committee

General Editor

Associate Editor
 Principles of Political
Economy

Principles

Principles

Works

Principles
 History of
Economic Analysis:

Theory of Economic Policy,

Principles,

Principles
 Principles
Principles
of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy.

Wealth of Nations

Principles
Principles
 perpetually
antagonizing principles to the desire of wealth, namely, aversion to labour, and desire
of the present enjoyment of costly indulgences.

than that
constituted by the two counter-motives already specified.

a priori.

Principles
a priori
à posteriori sic

Principles, Logic;

à priori

Principles
Dictionary of Political Economy,

a priori

a priori.

Logic,

Principles
Principles
The Affluent Society.

a-a
Demos.
PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY
r-r

primâ facie,
Theories of Economic Welfare
reductio ad absurdum,

Principles

cannot
 Principles.

On Liberty
right
given

by against
 Chapters on Socialism,

Principles
 property

morcellement
grande culture,
 Problems of
Monopoly,

Dictionary of Political Economy,

Principles
 PRINCIPLES AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Principles

Autobiography.

compte
rendu,
 Autobiography

Principles. Principles.

dernier
mot
Autobiography:
 PRINCIPLES
Principles of Political Economy, with Some of Their Applications to
Social Philosophy,

Essays on Some
Unsettled Questions of Political Economy
System of Logic

Logic,
Edinburgh Review Spectator,
Morning Chronicle,

John Stuart Mill

Logic,
Pol. Econ.
Chronicle.

Principles

Autobiography,
Principles
Chapters on Socialism

history

Economic Journal,
 the

indication, significant,
apparent.
to
through
 De la liberté du travail;
Over-Population and its
a
Remedy

c-c
m-
m

Principles.

c-c
 p-p

k-k

b-b

c-c

o-o
g-g h-h
 g-g

a-a
e-e

b-b

g-g
 Statement of Some New Principles . . . of Political Economy

Logic of Political Economy

 w-w

Logic
 Principles

Principles

Principles of
Political Economy

Principles
 Principles

Principles.

Principles,
 Principles

Principles.

Principles
 p-p
Addition of a word or words:
p p p-p

p-p

l-l

e-e
Substitution of a word or words:
e e e-e

f f
Deletion of a word or words: single centred
f
 a-a
Variants within variants:
a a
a-a

n-n m-m
n-n
as

m-m m-m
as
as

Variants in Mill’s footnotes.

n

Dates of footnotes.

Punctuation and spelling.

within
Prefaces.

Other textual liberties.

Principles
Appendices A to D.

Appendix A
Appendix B

Appendix C

Appendix D

Appendix E.

Appendix F. Principles

Appendix G.
Principles,
John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor

Appendix H.
Appendix I. Principles

Principles.

Index.
 Principles

Collected Works,

Victoria College
a a
b b
July,
a

c c
 was, could

d d

e e

g g

h h
 i i

j j
k k

l l
 in esse
in posse,
m m

n n

o
p p

q
 r r
s t t s

v v

w
 w

x x

y y

z
a a
b b

c
d

e e

f f
 g g

h h

i i
j

k k l l

m m

n n

o o
 en masse,

p
 coloni

q q

r
r

t t
 u u

x x
 y y

z z

a a

c d d
c
e e
f f

g
 h h

i i j
j k k

l l
m m
Requisites of production, what

a a
 b b

c c

The function of labour defined

a a

c
 c
d d e e

g g

h h

i
i
j j k
k l l

m m

Does nature contribute more to the efficacy of labour in some occupations than
in others?

a
a

b b
 c

Some natural agents limited, others practically unlimited, in quantity

a a b
b

c c

i.e.
d d
e e
 Labour employed either directly about the thing produced, or in operations
preparatory to its production

a a

b
b
c c

d
 e e
f f

g
g

Labour employed in producing subsistence for subsequent labour

 a a

b b
 Labour employed in producing materials

a a

extractive
b b

c c
d d

e e

f f
Labour employed in producing implements

immediate

c c
Labour employed in the protection of labour

protection

a a

Labour employed in the transport and distribution of the produce

 a a

b b

c c

d d

e e f
f
g g

h h
 i

Labour which relates to human beings

a a
b b
c c
Labour of invention and discovery

a a b b
c c

d d

e
e
Labour agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial

a a

b b
 Labour does not produce objects, but utilities

a a

b b

c c

d
d
 e e

These utilities are of three kinds

a a

d
e e d
 f f

Productive labour is that which produces utilities fixed and embodied in

material objects

a a
b b c
c

d
All other labour, however useful, is classed as unproductive

a a

b b

c c

cæteris paribus,
 d d

e e

f f

g g

h h

i i

j j k k
l l m m
 n n
o o

Productive and Unproductive Consumption

a a

b b

c c d

d
e e f
f g
h h

i i

j
j

Labour for the supply of Productive Consumption, and labour for the supply of
Unproductive Consumption
 a a
b b
c
c
d
Capital is wealth appropriated to reproductive employment

a a

b
b
 c c

d d

e e

f f

g g

h
h
i
i

More capital devoted to production than actually employed in it

 a a

b b

c c

d d
 e e

f f
g

Examination of some cases illustrative of the idea of Capital

a
a

b b
 c c

d d

e e

f
g g

h h

l.

i i
 their

j j

k k
Industry is limited by Capital
 a a b c

Industry is limited by Capital, but does not always come up to that limit
a

b b

c c

d d

e e f f
 g g

Increase of capital gives increased employment to labour, without assignable

bounds

a a

b b

c c
 d

e e

f f

Capital is the result of saving

 a
a

b b

c c
d d

e e
All capital is consumed

a
a

b b c

d d

e e
Capital is kept up, not by preservation, but by perpetual reproduction

a a
 b b

c c

d d

Why countries recover rapidly from a state of devastation

vis medicatrix naturæ

a a
Effects of defraying government expenditure by loans

a a

b b
 c

d d

e e

f f
g
 h h

Demand for commodities is not demand for labour

a a
direction
b b

c
c

d
d
e e

g g
h h

j j
 k k

m m n

l.
l.

l.
l.

could
was

l.

l.o o
l.

l.
p
l.

l.
 q

r
reductio ad absurdum

rl

s s

t t
u u v v

w w

x
 x

Fallacy respecting Taxation

 a a

b b
c c

or
 A

Fixed and Circulating Capital, what

b b

c c

d d

e e

f f
 g
g

Increase of fixed capital, when at the expense of circulating, might be

detrimental to the labourers
 a a

b b

c c

d d
e e
f
f
g

h h
i

f f
k k

l
l

m m

n n o o

cannot
p p

q q
 r r

s s

But this detriment to the labourers seldom if ever occurs

a a b
b

d
d e e

f f g g

h h
i i

j j

k kl
l
 m

n n
 Land, labour, and capital, are of different productiveness at different times and
places

a a

Causes of superior productiveness. Natural advantages

a a
 b b

c c

d d
e e

f f
 g

Causes of superior productiveness. Greater energy of labour

cæteris paribus,

b b c

d
d

e e

f f
g

h h
 i
f f

k
l l

m m
n n

o
p
p
q q
r
r

s
t

Causes of superior productiveness. Superior skill and knowledge

a a
 b b

c c

d d

e e

f f
g
g
h
h i

j
j

Causes of superior productiveness. Superiority of intelligence and

trustworthiness in the community generally

c c
d
d
 e e

only,
 f

g g
f

h h

i i

k
k
l

m m

n n o
o

p p
q q r

r
s s
t t u u v v

w
 x

Causes of superior productiveness. Superior security

by
against

a a

b b

c c
 d d
e e
f f
g g

h h i

j j
Combination of Labour a principal cause of superior productiveness
Effects of separation of employments analyzed
 a a

b b

c c

d d

market
e e

f
f
Combination of labour between town and country

a
b b

c c

d d
 e

The higher degrees of the division of labour

a
 b

c c

d d

Analysis of the advantages of the division of labour

a a
b b
c c
 d d

e
f
 g
g

h h

Limitations of the division of labour

a a
 b b
c

d d e e
 Advantages of the large system of production in manufactures

a a

b b

c c

d
 e e

f f

g g

h h
 i

j j

k k l

m m
 Advantages and disadvantages of the joint-stock principle

a a

b b

c c

d d
 e e

f f

h h

i i
 j
j

k
l l

system,
 m
m n

o o p
q q r r

s s
Conditions necessary for the large system of production

a a
b b
 c c

d d
e e
f f
g g

h h
i i

Large and small farming compared

a a
grande petite culture
 b b

c c

d
d

e e

f f
g g
h h
 go
come;

j j
 petite culture
k
k

métayer

l
l

he

cœteris paribus,

m m

n
o o

p
p

bonâ fide

q
q

r r
s s
t t
 too
parcelles,

grande
petite culture,

net

u u
v
w w

x x

y y z z
 The law of the increase of production depends on those of three elements,
Labour, Capital, and Land
a a

b b

c c
The Law of Population
a a

b b

c
c

d d

e
e

By what checks the increase of population is practically limited

 a a

b b

c
d

e e
f f

g g

h h
i i
 j j

trousseaul l

m
m

o o
p p q
q
Means and motives to saving, on what dependent
 a a

can
will

Causes of diversity in the effective strength of the desire of accumulation

a a

b b

d d
e e

f f
g g

j j

k
l
l

Examples of deficiency in the strength of the desire of accumulation

a a
 b b
c c
d
d

e e
f f

g
g
h h

i i
j

k k
 l l

m
Exemplification of excess in the strength of the desire of accumulation
a a

b
b c

d d

e
 f f

gives
g g h
h
i i

f
f k k
l

m m

n n

o
 The limited quantity and limited productiveness of land are the real limits to
production

The law of production from the soil is a law of diminishing return in proportion
to the increased application of labour and capital

a a
 b
c c
 d d

e
e

g g

i i

f f
 k

l
l

Antagonist principle to the law of diminishing return; the progress of

improvements in production cæteris paribus,
a
a
 b b

d d

e e
 f
g g

h h

i i

j j

k k

l l

m m
n n o o
p p
q q

s s

t t

u u

v
 w w

x x

z z
 Remedies when the limit to production is the weakness of the principle of
accumulation

c c

Necessity of restraining population not confined to a state of inequality of

property
 a

b b

c c d
d

e e f f
g g
h h

i i

j j

k k

l l
 m
n n
o o

p p

q q

r r
s s
t t u

v v
w

x x y y

z z a

a b b
 c c

Necessity of restraining population not superseded by free trade in food

a a

b b

c c

d d

e e f
f g
g
h h

i i

j j

k k
l m
m l
n n

o o

p p

q q
 r

r
s s t
t u u
v v

Necessity of restraining population notain generalasuperseded by emigration

b b

cd
 d

e e

f f
g
g
Introductory remarks

a a

pro tanto

c d
d
e
e
en masse,
f f
 g
g

i
i
j j k
k

Statement of the question concerning Property

a

b
b

c c
d d

e
e

f f

h
h

j
 k k

l l
g

a
Examination of Communism

b b

c c

d d
 e e

f f

g g
 h
h

i i

j j

k
l l
m m
Examination of St. Simonism and Fourierism

a a
b
ménages
 c
c
The institution of property implies freedom of acquisition by contract
a a b b

c c

d d e e

f f

g g

h
i

i
j j
k k
 l

n
n m

The institution of property implies the validity of prescription

a a

bonâ fide

b b
 The institution of property implies the power of bequest, but not the right of
inheritance. Question of inheritance examined
a a

b b

c c
d d e e f f

g
g

h h i i

j k k
 l l m m

n n
cæteris paribus,
o

p
q q r r

s s t t

v v w
w

x x

y
y

z
a a
b b
z

c c
d d
 e e

f
f

g g
h

i i

k
l l
m
m
n n o
 p p

q q

r s s

Should the right of bequest be limited, and how?

a a
ab intestato,

pro tanto

b b

c c
d d
 e e

legitima portio

f f g g

i i

j j

k k
l l m
m
 n n

o o

p p

q
q

Grounds of property in land are different from those of property in moveables

a a

b b
 c c
d d
e
e

Grounds of property in land are only valid on certain conditions, which are not
always realized. The limitations considered

a a
b b

c c
 d d
e e

f f
g

h h

i i
j

à fortiori,
k

l l

m m

o o

p p

q q
 r r

Rights of property in abuses

a a
b b
c

d d
brevet
e e

f f

g
 The produce is sometimes shared among three classes

The produce sometimes belongs undividedly to one

a a
 b b

The produce is sometimes divided between two

a
a

b b

c c

d d

e e f f g g
status
Competition is not the sole regulator of the division of the produce

a
a
b b

c c

Influence of custom on rents, and on the tenure of land

 a a

b
b

c c

d e

e f

g g
 métayer, mezzaiuolo, medietarius,

Influence of custom on prices

a
a

b b

c
c
 d
d

e e

f f
Slavery considered in relation to the slaves

a a

b b

d
e e
 f f
g g h
h i i
j

j
Slavery in relation to production
a

c c

d
e e
f f

g g

h
i h

j
 k k

l l

Emancipation considered in relation to the interest of the slave-owners

a a
b b

c
c
d d

f
g g

h h
i i

j j

l l m

n n

e
 Difference between English and Continental opinions respecting peasant
properties

a a

b
b
 c c

d d

e e

Evidence respecting peasant properties in Switzerland

a
a

b
 c c

d d

e
 Evidence respecting peasant properties in Norway
a a

co-operation

b b
 c c
d

e e

f f

g g
Evidence respecting peasant properties in Germany

en beau,
a a

b b
 c c
d d

e e

f f

g g
h

gross

net
 as the small proprietors have been gradually becoming more and more
prosperous

net produce

Evidence respecting peasant properties in Belgium

a a

b b c c

d d

e e
f f

g g

h h

i i
 ten
f
fifteen

paying a good rent,

not
k
k

l l

they are gradually acquiring capital,

m
 n
n
o o

a
Evidence respecting peasant properties in the Channel Islands

b b
 l.

l.

l. a
a a b
Evidence respecting peasant properties in France

d d
 their own,

dune
property

must

comfortable

the fowl in the pot.

 e e

f f

g g

h h
grande
culture,
too
 morcellement,

i i j j
Influence of peasant properties in stimulating industry

a a

b b
c

petite culture

petite culture
c

Influence of peasant properties in training intelligence

a

b b

c
c
d d
e e

f
f

g
g

h
 Influence of peasant properties in promoting forethought and self-control
a a b
b
c

d d

e e

f f

g g h h
i i

j j

k k
Their effect on population

a a

b
c c
d d

e e

f f

à priori

g g

h h
 i i

j
l., l., l.,

l l

m
 n n o
o

p p

q
q

s st
u u

v v
w w x x
y y z
z

a a

b b
c c

Their effect on the subdivision of land

a a b b

c c

grande culture
d
grande culture

parcelles

côtes foncières,

e e f f
petite culture grande
culture

morcellement,

g g
h
h

i i

morcellement

j k
 l l
m n o

o
Nature of the metayer system, and its varieties

a a

b
 c

Its advantages and inconveniences

a a

b b
 c

d d

Evidence concerning its effects in different countries

a a

b b
 c c

d d

e e
 f f

g g

h h
aquarolle;

i i

f f

tinaia, tini
 mezza lana
k k
mola

mezza lana;

the l.
l.
m m
n n
o o
companatico
Is its abolition desirable?

a a

à priori

b b

c c
 d d

f
 Nature and operation of cottier tenure

a
a b b
c c
d d

e e
f f
g g
h h i i
j j
k k
l l
m m
n
 o o

p p

q q

r r

In an overpeopled country its necessary consequence is nominal rents

 a a

b b

c c

d d

e e

f f g g

h h

i i
 f f
k

l.
l.

Nominal rents are inconsistent with industry, frugality, or restraint on

population

a a

b b c

d d
e e

ultima ratio
f f g g h h

i j
j

insouciance
 k k

l l

Ryot tenancy of India

a a

b b

c c
d d

ana

e e
 f f
g g

h h
i
i

k
l

l k
m m

n
o o p p
q

r r
s

t t
a
Irish cottiers should be converted into peasant proprietors

b b
 c
c

d d

e e f
f

en masse
g

h h
i i

j j

l l

m m
 n
o o

q q

r s s

t t
u u

v v w w
x x y y z z

a a

b b

c c
d d
e e

g
h h i
i

a b
Present state of this questionb c
l.

c
 Wages depend on the demand and supply of labour—in other words, on
population and capital

b b

c c

d d

Examination of some popular opinions respecting wages

 a

b
c c

d d

e e
f
 g g

h h

i i

j
j

k k

l l m m

n n
 o o

p p q
q

r r

s s

t
 u u

Certain rare circumstances excepted, high wages imply restraints on population

b b

c c

d d
e e
f f
g g

i i

j j

k k
l l m m
n n
 o o

p p
q q
r r
s s

t t

Restraints on population are in some cases legal

 a a

l. s. d. l. s. d.
l. s. d. b

l.

c
Restraints on population are in other cases the effect of particular customs

b b

c
d e e

Due restriction of population the only safeguard of a labouring class

a a

b b

c c d

e e
f f
g g

i
i
j j

l l

m
 n n

o o
increase faster

p p

q q
r r
A legal or customary minimum of wages, with a guarantee of employment

b
reasonable

ought sufficient

c c
 d
e e

Such a minimum and guarantee would require as a condition legal measures for
repression of population
a a
 b b

droit au travail

d d
e e

f
f

i i

j j

l l
m m

n n
 o o
p
p q q
r r s t t

u u

v v

w w

x x
y y

z
z

a a

b b

c c
 Allowances in aid of wages

a
a

b b

c c

d d

e e
 f f

g g

h hi i j

k
k l

a a
The Allotment System
b b

c c
 d d
e e f f
g g
h h i i

j j k

l l

m m
n n
 o o

p p

q q

r r

s s t
t

u u

v v
Pernicious direction of public opinion on the subject of population

have feel

a a
b b
 c

d
e
e f

g g h
h

i
i j j
Grounds for expecting improvement

a
a

b
b

c c
 d

g g

h h

right

i
i j j

k k

l
 m m

n
n

o o p p

q q
ne plus ultra
r
s s

t u
u v w
x

y y x

z z
a a b
b
 c c

Twofold means of elevating the habits of the labouring people: by education

a b
b c c
d d e e
f
f

g
g
h

i i
 Twofold means of elevating the habits of the labouring people: by large
measures of immediate relief, through foreign and home colonization

a
b b a

c
c

d d
e

f f

g g
h h
i i

j j
k k
l lm m
 n n o

p p

q
q

r
 Differences of wages arising from different degrees of attractiveness in different
employments
en masse;

a a

b
b
 c c

e e

f f
 g g

i i h
 j

Differences of wages arising from natural monopolies a a

 b b

c c

d d
e e

f
f
g

h h

i i

j
j
k k

l
 m m
n n
o o
p p

q q

r
r

Effect on wages of a class of subsidized competitors

a
a

b b
c c
 d d

Effect on wages of the competition of persons with independent means of

support
a a

d c e

f g g
h h i i

j j
k k

m m

n
o

p p
cæteris paribus,
 q q

t u
v v

w w
x
permanent
y
y
x

Wages of women, why lower than those of men

a
a b b

c c

f f
 g
g

h
ne plus ultra
i i

Differences of wages arising from restrictive laws, and from combinations

a a

bc

b d dc
e f
 f
g g
h h
ij
k k

jl

Cases in which wages are fixed by custom

a a
b bc
c d

e e f f
g g h h
i i

j j

k k
 Profits resolvable into three parts; interest, insurance, and wages of
superintendence

a a

b b

c c
d d

e e

The minimum of profits; and the variations to which it is liable

b
b
 c c

d d

e e

f f

Differences of profits arising from the nature of the particular employment

a a
b b

c c
 d d

General tendency of profits to an equality

a a

b b

c c
d
d

f f
 g

h
h
i i

j j

k
 l l

m
m

n o o

p p

q q
r r
s s

t t

u u
v v
w
w x x
y y z a
a b b

c c

a
Profits do not depend on prices, nor on purchase and sale a

b
 b

a
The advances of the capitalist consist ultimately in wages of labour a
 rate

b b

a a
The rate of profit depends on the Cost of Labour

rate
b b
 cost of labour.

d d
e e

f f
g g h h
i i
j j
k k

l l

m m

n n o o

p p q

r r
s s
t t

u u
 Rent is the effect of a natural monopoly

a a

No land can pay rent except land of such quality or situation, as exists in less
quantity than the demand

a
 a

b
b

c c

à fortiori,

d
e e

f
f
g

The rent of land consists of the excess of its return above the return to the worst
land in cultivation

a a
b b c c

d d

e e
 The rent of land consists of the excess of its return above the return to the worst
land in cultivation or to the capital employed in the least advantageous
a a
circumstances

b b

c d
d

e e
f f
land

agricultural capital

g g

h h

i
i
j j
k k

l
Is payment for capital sunk in the soil, rent, or profit?

a a
b b
c c

d d
e e

g
h h i i
j

j
 k k
l l
f m m

n n

o o

p p

pons asinorum

cultivation

necessity of cultivating

q q
 r r s
s

Rent does not enter into the cost of production of agricultural produce

a a b b

c
 morcellement

Quarterly Review,

Morning Chronicle,

Morning Chronicle

Quarterly Review,

morcellement

propriétaire

rent whole
produce.
 net

revenue
value,

a a
contribution foncière

average maximum

contribution foncière.

c c
 d
d
e e f f

morcellement
h h

morcellement,

necessarily

anywhere

one two

actually
 i i
j

Siècle,
k k

morcellement

côtes foncières,

côtes foncières

l l
côtes foncières

division
subdivision.
 cadastre,

côtes foncières, cadastre

côtes foncières
parcelles, diminished
m m
banlieue
morcellement

n n

o o
so
p p

q
r

s
s

morcellement,
 parcelles,

parcelles
côtes foncières; côtes foncières

parcelles

parcelles,

parcelles,

exact

parcelle
parcelles;
t

morcellement,

u
 salons

v
 en bloc,
métayer

w w
métayer

métayers

y y z
z

them

petite culture
a a
grande culture
b
c c
 cheval de bataille petite
propriété,

most manufacturing town Industrielle

assumes

d d

price
 octroi,
e

banlieue
octroi,

f
f g g

h h

i i
j

k
l l

m n n

petite
 o o
propriété

petite culture,

cæteris paribus,

petites herbes

p p

morcellement

statistique
préfet
q

r r
s s t t
 u u
v v w w

x x
y y z z a a

b b
c c
d d
e e
f f
grande petite culture;

h h
i i
j j

k k
souspréfet,

l l
m m n n

morcellement,
parcelle,
parcelles
 o o

p p

Canadian
Journal of Economics and Political Science,

American Journal of Sociology,

Principles of Economics,

Foundations of Economic Analysis:

Journal of Political Economy,

History of Economic Analysis

Theory of Economic Policy

Principles of Political Economy,

Dictionary of Political Economy,

 Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of
Political Economy Series of Scarce
Works on Political Economy,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

A System of Logic,

The Affluent Society

The Ethics of Competition

Ibid.,

ibid.,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

Population Bulletin,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,
 Ibid.,

Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science,

Cahiers de l’Institut de Science Economique Appliquée,

Wealth of Nations,

First Essay on Population

Theories of Economic Welfare

Principles: American
Economic Review,
Not Economic
Journal,

Canadian Population and Northern Colonization,

Utility and All That

useful injustices

Problems of Monopoly

Dictionary,

Principles,

History,

Studies in the Theory of International Trade

Economic Journal,

Economic
Journal,
 Economic Journal,

Principles

Autobiography,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

Autobiography,

Ibid.,

Autobiography,

The
Earlier Letters of John Stuart Mill, Collected Works

Autobiography
Principles

Principles,
Life of John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor

 Autobiography

Principles of Political Economy, University of Toronto Press Notes,

 a-a
a-a
t-t

e-e

b-b
h-h

v-v h-h

q-q

f-f

b-b

Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political

Economy,

Appendix to the Report of the Children’s Employment Commission in Mines and

Collieries.
 “cæteris paribus

inter vivos

c-c

Principles

total omitted

a-a
b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

g-g

h-h

i-i realized

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n as

o-o

p-p

r-r

s-s

t-t

u
v-v

w-w

x-x

y-y

a-a

b-b

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

q-q

r-r

s
t-t

u-u

x-x

y-y

z-z

a-a

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m
as as

a-a

b-b

c-c

a-a
b footnote: Note.
Elements of Political Economy.

c-c

d-d

e-e

g-g

Elements. See b where the same

passage is referred to.

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

a-a

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

a-a
b-b

c-c

e-e

f-f

g-g

a-a

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

c-c

Edinburgh Review,

a-a
a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

a-a

b-b

c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e
as as

a-a

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e
a-a

d-d

e-e

f-f

a-a

Essays on some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy

b-b

c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c
d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d
as as

e-e

f-f

h-h

i-i

j-j

a-a

b-b
c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

g-g
h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

a-a

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g
a-a

b-b

c-c

e-e

f-f

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

a-a

b-b

d-d

e-e
 see below.

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

a-a

a-a

b-b

c as
 not not
is

d-d

e-e

f-f

h-h

a-a printer’s error?

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

as
g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

as as

m-m

o-o

q next footnote in occurs here

r-r

in text; footnote
first

pari passu
s-s paragraph

t-t

u-u

v-v

w-w

x-x footnote to

may
 as as
as as as
as

y-y

a-a

c-c both

a-a

b-b cancelled in

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g cancelled in

On Rent.

On Rent.

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h
i

footnote:

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r

s-s

a-a

b-b

d-d

e-e

f-f
g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

n-n

a-a

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

as
as

b-b

d-d

e-e

f-f
 as

as
as
as

h-h

j-j

l-l

m-m

n-n
o

p-p

as
as

q-q

r-r

footnote:
Notes of a Traveller, Notes of a Traveller, on the
Social and Political State of France, Prussia, Switzerland, Italy, and other Parts of
Europe, During the present Century.

s no paragraph

a-a

On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures.

b-b

c-c

d-d
e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

j-j

c-c

d-d footnote:

e-e not in

in text

House of Lords Sessional

Papers,

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

m-m

n-n
o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r

s-s

t-t

u-u

v-v

doctoring
 doctors

single-press

y paragraph ou
simple exposé des conditions dans lesquelles les forces humaines s’exercent avec le
plus de puissance.
a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

j-j

An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.

Wealth of Nations,

Wealth of Nations,

a-a

b-b

c-c
d-d

e-e

f-f

b-b

c-c printer’s error?

d-d

a ellipsis indicated by

Wealth of Nations,

Cours d’Economie Politique,

Cours complet d’économie politique pratique; ouvrage
destiné à mettre sous les yeux des hommes d’état, des propriétaires fonciers et des
capitalistes, des savans, des agriculteurs, des manufacturiers, des négocians, et en
général de tous les citoyens, l’économie des sociétés.
c-c

Translated from

d-d

Economy of Machinery and Manufactures,

Wealth of Nations,

Ibid.,

Edinburgh
Review Edinburgh
Review,

a-a

Wealth of Nations,

b-b

c-c

d-d

g-g

h-h
 Statement of some New Principles on the subject of Political Economy Exposing
the Fallacies of the System of Free Trade, and of some other Doctrines mentioned in
the “Wealth of Nations”

i ellipsis indicated by

a-a

b-b

d-d

e-e

a-a

b-b

c-c

d ellipsis indicated by

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

j-j

k-k

m-m
a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

l-l

m-m

o-o

q-q

r-r

s-s

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f
g-g

h-h

i-i

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

ellipsis indicated by

ellipsis indicated by

Outlines of Flemish Husbandry, British Husbandry.

Agriculture,
i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m must

n
o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r

s-s

t-t

Traité d’économie
nationale.

Des Systèmes de Culture,

u-u

v-v

w-w

Economie Rurale de la France depuis

x-x rapidity

y-y

z-z

a-a

b-b

c-c

a-a
b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

The True
Law of Population shewn to be connected with the Food of the People.
a-a

b-b

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

l-l

m-m

n-n
as as

o-o
p-p

q-q

a-a

a-a quoted from Rae; see

b-b

too much

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h
i-i

j-j

l-l

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

Ibid.,

g-g

h-h
i-i

k-k

l-l printer’s error?

a-a

b-b

d-d

f-f printer’s error?

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

m-m

n-n

o no paragraph here; paragraph indicated at next sentence

a-a

as as

b omitted by
printer?
c-c

d-d

e-e

Travels in
North America; with Geological Observations on the United States, Canada, and
Nova Scotia.

f-f

g-g

i-i

f-f

l-l

a-a

as as
b-b

c
as as

d-d

e-e

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k as

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

s-s

t-t

u-u

w-w

x-x

z-z
a

c-c

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h not

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r

s-s

t-t

v-v
w

x-x

y-y

z-z

a-a
as as
as

b-b

c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g
as as

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p
q-q

r-r

s-s

t-t

as more . . . as

u-u

v-v

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g
as as

a-a

b-b

d-d
e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

as
as

h-h

j
k-k

l-l

a For versions of the remainder of this chapter, see

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

l-l

m-m

a-a

c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f
g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

m-m

n-n

a-a not

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g
Ancient Law: its Connection with the Early History of Society, and its Relation to
Modern Ideas.

h-h

i-i

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

q-q

r-r

s-s

t-t

u-u

v-v

w-w

x-x

y-y

z-z
a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

i-i

l-l

m-m

n-n

p-p

q-q

s-s

a-a

b-b

c-c
d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g
as

as as

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q
 Travels in America,

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e
 Etude
sur l’Economie Politique,
Etudes sur l’économie politique.

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

as
as
l-l

l-l

m-m

o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r

a-a

b-b

d-d

e-e

as
as

f-f

g paragraph

a-a
 Preface to Foreign
Communications,

Parliamentary Papers, status

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

a-a

b-b

c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c

e-e

f
g-g

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d ? binding pasted over

e-e

f-f

a-a

b-b

e-e
as

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

as
as

b begins
c-c printer’s error?

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h as footnote to

Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources of Taxation.

square-bracketed in text Economie Politique,

square-bracketed in text

k-k

l-l

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e
 as
as footnote:

end of note; text resumes: as as

as
as

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

l-l

n-n

a-a

MS ellipsis indicated by
 A Description of the Scenery
of the Lakes in the North of England,

b-b

c-c

d-d ? blotted

e-e

a-a

b ellipsis indicated by

Etudes sur l’Economie Politique,

Notes of a Traveller,

Nouveaux Principes d’Economie Politique, ou de la

Richesse dans Rapports avec la Population.
c-c

d-d

Switzerland, the South of France, and the Pyrenees, in

e ellipsis indicated by

Historisch-geographisch-statistische s Gemälde der Schweiz. Erster Theil. Der

Kanton Zürich.

Zwölfter Theil.
Der Kanton Schaffhausen,
Siebenzehnter Theil. Der
Kanton Thürgau,

Thürgau,

a-a

b-b

Die Agrarfrage
 Kay, The Social Condition and
Education of the People in England and Europe; shewing the results of the Primary
Schools, and of the Division of Landed Property, in Foreign Countries.
The Peasant Proprietors.

c-c

d paragraph

It has more effect on their numbers

than on their condition.

footnote: Journal of a
Residence in Norway, during the years 1834, 1835, and 1836; made with a view to
inquire into the moral and political economy of that country, and the condition of its
inhabitants.

Journal of a Residence in Norway,

Notes of a Traveller,

e-e

f-f

g-g

ellipsis indicated by
 Notes of a Traveller,
Economie Rurale de la
France,

a-a

Rural and Domestic Life of Germany with Characteristic

Sketches of its Cities and Scenery, collected in a general Tour, and during a
Residence in the Country in the years 1840, 41 and 42.

b-b

c-c

d-d not in

Rural and Domestic Life of Germany,

e-e printer’s error?

f-f

Ueber die Landwirthschaft der Rheinpfalz, und insbesondere in der Heidelberger

Gegend.

g-g

Translated from

h-h
 The Social Condition and Education of the People in England and Europe;
showing the results of the Primary Schools, and of the division of Landed Property in
Foreign Countries.

Geographical Dictionary, A Dictionary,

Geographical, Statistical, and Historical, of the various Countries, Places, and
Principal Natural Objects in the World.

a-a

b-b printer’s error?

c-c printer’s error?

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

Flemish Husbandry,

h-h

Flemish Husbandry, et seq.

i-i

Flemish Husbandry,

k-k as
as

Ibid.

l-l
m

Ibid.

n-n

o-o

Life and Letters of Niebuhr,

a-a

b-b

A Plea for Peasant Proprietors with the Outlines of a Plan for their
Establishment in Ireland.

a-a

d-d

Travels in France, Travels during

the Years 1787, 1788, & 1789; undertaken more particularly with a view of
ascertaining the cultivation, wealth, resources, and national prosperity of the
Kingdom of France.
e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h la

i-i

j-j

Fast übermenschliche Fleiss. see

above

a-a

b-b
 Le Peuple,

c-c

Translated from Essai sur l’Economie Rurale de l’Angleterre, de l’Ecosse,

et de l’Irlande,

b-b

c-c

paragraph

d-d not

e-e

f-f more less

g-g

a-a
b-b

footnote: Residence in Norway,

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j too

k-k

Essay on the Distribution of Wealth,

a-a

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

Notes of a Traveller,

Nouveaux Principes,
 Residence in Norway,

i-i not in

k-k

l-l

the quoted
passage is on

m-m in 5 below; see k

Parliamentary
Papers,

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

Traité d’économie
nationale.
 Sur l’Homme et le Développement de ses
Facultés, ou Essai de Physique Social.

Journal des Economistes

r footnote occurs at the end of this sentence

Journal des Economistes ibid.,

s-s

in text following

t-t

u-u

Journal des Economistes

 Tableau de l’Etat Physique et Moral des Ouvriers,
Recherches sur les Causes
de l’Indigence

canuts

De la Propriété.
 Economie Rurale de la
France depuis

dix-neuf sols
d’un franc cinquante centimes,

des tissus

v-v

w-w

x-x
 morcellement

y-y

z-z

a-a

b-b

c-c

a-a property

b-b farms

c-c

Translated from
Traité d’économie nationale.
Landwirthschaftliche Mittheilungen,

The following passage is translated by JSM from

Journal des
Economistes,
Journal des Economistes,

d-d

Translated from Economie Rurale de la France, p.

e-e

f-f
 being the Second Series of the Notes of a Traveller.

morcellement,

See
below.

g-g

h-h

i-i

k
 footnotes:

in above; see m-m

l-l

o-o
as
as as

in text, see l-lbelow.

Le Peuple,

le bon Louis XII.

le bon Henri IV.

a-a

Translated from Etudes sur l’Economie Politique,

Letters from Italy.

Italy, its Agriculture, &c.

Translated from Nouveaux Principes,

a-a

b-b
 Journal des Economistes

Wealth of Nations,

d-d

Travels,

a-a

b-b

Principles of Political Economy with some Inquiries Respecting their

Application, and a Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Science

Essay on the Distribution of Wealth,

Systèmes de Culture,
 Letters from Italy,

c-c

d-d

e-e not in

f-f

g-g

reads correctly

h-h

Travels,

Letters from Italy,

i-i

f-f

k-k

l ellipsis indicated by
 mezza lana
mola
mola

la veste di seta,

m-m

n-n

o-o

Etudes,

Ibid.,

Etudes,

a-a
 Nouveaux Principes,

b-b

c-c

d-d

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l
m-m

n footnote:

footnote:

o-o

p-p

q-q

Digest of Evidence taken by Lord Devon’s Commission,

Digest, ut supra.
copyhold. Ibid.

Ibid.,

Ibid.,

r-r

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e
f-f

g-g

h-h

Evils of the State of Ireland, their Causes and their Remedy.

i-i not in

f-f

Evidence, Parliamentary Papers,

k footnote occurs at end of sentence

a-a

b-b

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

j-j

k-k

l-l

a-a

b-b

c-c
d-d

History of British India,

read correctly

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j paragraph

paragraph

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

r-r

s
t-t

a For versions of this chapter, see and

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

h-h

i-i

j-j en masse

l-l

m-m

o-o

q-q

Two letters to the Editor of the Times, on the

Rackrent Oppression of Ireland, its Source—its Evils— and its Remedy.

as as

s-s
t-t

u-u

v-v

w-w

x-x

y-y

z-z

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f footnote:
g

h-h

i-i

Parliamentary Papers,

l.; l.
l. s. l. s.

l., l. s.

l., l.
l. s. l. s.

a For versions of the remainder of the chapter, see

b-b Inapplicability of this advice to present circumstances

c-c
Private Communication from Professor Cairnes. See

See

a-a

as

b-b

c-c

d-d

c-c

d-d

e-e

f
g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

Over-Population and its Remedy Over-Population

p-p

q-q

r-r

s-s

u-u

s. d.
s. d.,
 s. d.

Principles
of Political Economy considered with a view to their practical application.

History of Prices, and of the State of the Circulation from

1793-1837.

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r
s-s

t-t

Parliamentary Papers,

a-a

c-c
 passé
maître.

Nouveaux Principes,

b-b

Over-Population and its Remedy; or, an Inquiry into the Extent

and Causes of the Distress Prevailing among the Labouring Classes of the British
Islands, and into the means of remedying it.

c-c

as footnote:

as

e-e

a-a

b-b

c-c
d

e-e

f-f

g-g

i-i

j-j

k paragraph

as as

l-l

n-n

o-o
p-p

q-q

r-r

c-c

e-e

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

i-i

j-j

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p
q-q

r-r

t-t

u-u give

v-v

w-w

x-x

y-y

z-z

a-a

b-b

c-c

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h is

i-i

j-j
k-k
as

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

l-l

m-m plus

n-n

o-o not in

p-p

Notes Notes of a Traveller,

Over-Population,

q-q

r-r
s-s

t-t

u-u

v-v

a-a

b-b

c-c

as

e-e

g-g

h-h ripped

Nouveaux Principes,

i-i

j-j

a-a

b-b

c-c
d
as
as

e-e

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

as footnote:

as cf. g

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

s-s

t
u-u as

x-x
on opposite this uncancelled passage, the version appears,
without the parenthesis, and with accidental variants

y-y

z-z

a-a

b-b

c-c

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

i-i

a-a
b-b

c-c

d-d

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

p-p

q-q

r-r

Wealth of Nations,
a-a

b-b

Parliamentary Papers,

c-c reads see

d paragraph

e-e

f-f

g-g

Wealth of Nations,

h-h

i-i

Wealth of Nations,

Wealth of Nations,

a-a

Ibid.,

b-b

c-c

d-d
e-e

f-f

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

q-q

r-r

a-a

b-b not in

c-c

d-d

a-a

c-c

d
e

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

m-m

p-p

q-q

t-t

v-v

w-w

x-x
y-y

a-a

b-b

c-c

e-e

f-f

g-g

i-i

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

f-f
g-g

h-h

j-j

k-k

l-l

a-a

b-b

c-c
d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

les profits de l’entrepreneur.

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

a-a

b-b

c-c

Wealth of Nations,
d-d

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

f-f

h-h

i-i

j-j printer’s error?

l-l

m-m

o-o attractiveness

p-p

q-q printer’s error?

r-r

s-s

t-t

u-u

v-v

w-w

x-x
y-y

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

a-a as title of below; cf. a-a

b-b

a-a paragraph, but no section division here; has this title. Cf.
a-a

b-b

a-a

b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

m-m printer’s error?

n-n
o-o

p-p

r-r

s-s

t-t

u-u

a-a

a-a

b-b

c-c

e-e

f-f

g no indication as to placing; cf. l-l

? overbound

a-a printer’s error?

b-b

c-c

d-d
e-e

a-a

b-b

d-d

e-e

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

l-l

a-a

b-b

c-c
footnote: Principles of Political Economy.

as as as
as as as

d-d

e-e

f-f
 cf. f-
fbelow

g-g paragraph

h-h

i-i

j-j

no paragraph cf. f-fabove

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o as
footnote:
footnote: as as

p-p

q-q

r-r

s-s

a-a

b-b

c-c
 This Appendix appears at the end of i.e., after in all
Library editions. For a note on its see under
Morning Chronicle.

Quarterly Review,
The quotation is from

a-a for explanation of see

under Morning Chronicle

c-c

d-d

e-e

Economie Rurale de la France,

f-f

g-g JSM’s square brackets

h-h

Quarterly Review,

ten

Journal des Economistes

i-i

j footnote:

as paragraph
 Moniteur
Le Moniteur
Universel,

Siècle,

k-k

l-l

m-m

n-n against

o-o not

p-p does

s-s

t paragraph
u

bought sell
Le Peuple,

v-v JSM’s square brackets

Economie Rurale de la France,

w-w

y-y

z-z

a-a la

as as
as as

c-c

d-d

in text

e-e
 La République

f-f

g-g

h-h

i-i

l-l

m-m
 Essai sur l’Economie Rurale de l’Angleterre, de l’Ecosse, et de
l’Irlande,

n-n

o-o

Journal des Economistes

p-p

r-r

s-s

t-t

u-u

v-v

w-w

x-x

y-y

z-z

a-a
b-b

c-c

d-d

e-e

f-f

h-h

i-i

j-j

k-k

Translated from Notice Historique et

Statistique sur la Baronie, la Ville et l’Arrondissement de Fougères.

l-l

m-m

n-n

o-o

p-p

d-d footnote: