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  • Biological Control of Husk Spot: Prepared By: Dean Metcalf Thursday 16 October 2014

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    The document summarizes research on the biological control of husk spot, a fungal disease of macadamia nuts. Researchers isolated 94 fungi from infected husks, identifying several Trichoderma and Gliocladium species as promising biological control agents. The isolates were tested for antagonism against the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, survival on husks, and ability to invade lesions. Two Gliocladium isolates (MC94 and MC29) and two Trichoderma isolates (MC21 and MC90) performed best in laboratory and initial field assessments. Next steps include field trials of the top isolates to evaluate application rates, timing, and compatibility with chemicals, with the goal of commercial launch of an effective biological

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    The document summarizes research on the biological control of husk spot, a fungal disease of macadamia nuts. Researchers isolated 94 fungi from infected husks, identifying several Trichoderma and Gliocladium species as promising biological control agents. The isolates were tested for antagonism against the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, survival on husks, and ability to invade lesions. Two Gliocladium isolates (MC94 and MC29) and two Trichoderma isolates (MC21 and MC90) performed best in laboratory and initial field assessments. Next steps include field trials of the top isolates to evaluate application rates, timing, and compatibility with chemicals, with the goal of commercial launch of an effective biological

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    18 views25 pages

    Biological Control of Husk Spot: Prepared By: Dean Metcalf Thursday 16 October 2014

    Uploaded by

    AUDIR audir
    The document summarizes research on the biological control of husk spot, a fungal disease of macadamia nuts. Researchers isolated 94 fungi from infected husks, identifying several Trichoderma and Gliocladium species as promising biological control agents. The isolates were tested for antagonism against the pathogen Botrytis cinerea, survival on husks, and ability to invade lesions. Two Gliocladium isolates (MC94 and MC29) and two Trichoderma isolates (MC21 and MC90) performed best in laboratory and initial field assessments. Next steps include field trials of the top isolates to evaluate application rates, timing, and compatibility with chemicals, with the goal of commercial launch of an effective biological

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    of 25

    Biological control of Husk Spot

    Prepared by: Dean Metcalf


    Thursday 16 October 2014
    MC12008:
    Biological control of Husk Spot.

    Dean Metcalf

    Collaborators:
    Jeremy Bright
    Steve McLean
    Olufemi Akinsanmi
    Robbie Commens
    Trichoderma spp.
    Botrytis cinerea

    • .
    Tissue sample direct plating.
    94 Isolations

    • Trichoderma x 50
    • Gliocladium x 5 • Penicillium x 4
    • Cladosporium x 2 • Aspergillus x 2
    • Fusarium x 3 • Alternaria x 1
    • Epicoccum x 3 • Capnodium x 1
    • 19 culled due to • Sporothrix x 2
    inadequate
    sporulation
    Screening
    Where the
    colonies meet…
    Gliocladium MC94
    from a neglected plantation near Bundaberg
    Collected by Eddie Dunne.
    Trichoderma MC60
    Les Gain, near Gympie. Young leaves in A16 plantation.
    Survival on husk ( / 10)
    LSD0.05 T=1.09 G=0.57
    Assessing lesion invasion
    Invasion of lesions ( /10)
    Lsd0.05 G=1.16, T=0.94
    First assessment
    % of husks with spots
    MC94 G
    MC90 T
    MC60 T
    MC32 T
    MC29 G
    MC26 G
    MC21 T
    Untreated

    0 1 2 3
    2nd assessment confirmed by microscope
    Second assessment of 100 fallen
    nuts per tree

    LSD0.05=0.89
    Agent Strength of Ease to CFU in Survival on Invade First field Second field Total
    culture manufacture prototype husk Lesion assessment assessment of
    antagonism X109 of 10 approx. 100
    nuts/tree fallen nuts

    Untreated
    0.05 0.1 3% 1.69%
    MC21 T *** ***** 2.75 3.3 2.7 0% 0.34%
    **** *** ** ***** ****
    26
    MC26 G **** *** 1.2 7.6 6.9 0% 0.51%
    *** ***** **** ***** ****
    29
    MC29 G **** *** 1.12 9.9 9.1 1% 0.00%
    *** ***** ***** **** *****
    29
    MC32 T *** ***** 4.51 7.5 2.1 2% 0.22%
    ***** ***** ** ** *****
    27
    MC60 T ***** ***** 1.96 4.0 2.2 1% 1.15%
    *** *** ** **** **
    24
    MC90 T ***** ***** 2.99 4.5 3.3 3% 0.00%
    **** *** *** * *****
    26
    MC94 G **** *** 2.15 0.4 6.1 3% 0.61%
    **** * ?? *** * ****
    20
    Time it had a name…..
    Macanizer !!!!
    Key work areas for development

    • Field trial of best 3-4 isolates.


    – MC21, MC29, MC32, MC90.
    • Rate of application.
    • Timing of application.
    • Chemical compatibility.
    • > Commercial launch.
    Thanks
    • NSW DPI
    • Brice Kaddatz
    • Eddie Dunne
    • Les Gain
    • Bob Howard
    • Andrew Woodford & OCP.
    • Craig Maddox
    • Justine Cox
    • Brooke McLean
    • Dr Diana Leemon
    • Michael Powell ( & Macadamia Conservation Trust).
    • Ben Callaghan and Horticulture Australia Ltd.

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