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Strength of concrete is commonly considered its most valuable property, although in many practical cases, other characteristics, such as durability and
permeability, may in fact be more important. However, the strength of concrete is almost invariably a vital element of structural design and is specified for
compliance purposes.
1–5 1
6 – 15 2
16 – 30 3
31 – 50 4
51 and above 4 plus one additional sample for each additional 50 m3 or part thereof
NOTE: At least one sample shall be taken from each shift where concrete is produced at continuous production unit, such as ready-mixed concrete plant,
frequency of sampling may be agreed upon mutually by suppliers and purchasers.
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
(A) Compressive strength
The concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength requirement when both the following conditions are met:
a) The mean strength determined from any group of four non-overlapping consecutive test results, complies with the appropriate limits col. 2 of Table 2.
b) Any individual test result complies with the appropriate limits in col. 3 Table 2.
The quantity of concrete represented by a group of four consecutive test results shall include the batches from which the first and last samples were taken
together with all intervening batches.
Three test specimens shall be made for each sample for testing at 28 days. Additional specimens may be required for 7 days strength. In all the cases 28 days
strength shall alone be the criterion for acceptance or rejection of the concrete.
The test results of the sample shall be the average of the strength of three specimens. The individual variation should not be more than +15 percent of the
average. If more, the test results of the sample are invalid.
Specified Grade Mean of Group of 4 Non-Overlapping Consecutive test results in N/mm2 Minimum Individual Test Results in N/mm2
Minimum
M15 and above fck + 0.825 X established Standard deviation (round off to nearest 0.5 N/mm2 fck – 3 N/mm2
or
NOTE 1: In the absence of established value of standard deviation, the values given in Table 8 (IS: 456-2000) may be assumed, and attempt should be made
to obtained results of 30 samples as early as possible to establish the value of standard deviation.
NOTE 2: For concrete quantity up to 30 m3 (where the number of samples to be taken is less than four) as per frequency of sampling given in 15.2.2, the mean
of test results of all such samples shall be fck + 4 N/mm2, minimum and the requirement of minimum individual test results shall be fck – 2 N/mm2, minimum.
However, when the number of samples is only one as per 15.2.2, the requirement shall be fck + 4 N/mm2, minimum.
Shift Cube test results Average fav 0.85 fav 1.15 fav Acceptance 25+4 = 29 N/mm2(Min)
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
NOTE: Due to doubtful concrete the work was stop. Concrete was tested by rebound hammer and drilled cores. From test results the foundation concrete
found to be of M25 grade.
The work was started only when new cube moulds, properly calibrated compression testing machine was purchased and laboratory staff was trained in all the
site testing work.
Shift Cube test results N/mm2 Average fav N/mm2 0.85 fav N/mm2 1.15 fav N/mm2 Acceptance fck + 4 N/mm2 25+4 = 29 Min
Individual
fck – 2 N/mm2
25 – 2 = 23 N/mm2(Min)
Remarks
(2) From shifts 1, 2 and 3 all cubes strength are > 23 N/mm2.
(3) Average cubes strength of shift 1, 2 and 3 is 29.3 N/mm2 which is > 29 N/mm2.
Table 5: Site concrete acceptance. In 6 shifts 75 m3 roof slab concrete was done.
Shift Cube test results N/mm2 Average fav N/mm2 0.85 fav N/mm2 1.15 fav N/mm2 Acceptance 25+0.825×4 = 28.3 N/mm2
(2) Average of shift 1, 2, 3, 4 cubes is 29.1 N/mm2 whichis > 28.0 N/mm2.
(3) Average of shift 2, 3, 4, 5 cubes is 30.8 N/mm2 which is > 28.0 N/mm2.
(4) Average of shift 3,4, 5, 6 cubes is 30.5 N/mm2 which is > 28.0 N/mm2.
It is concluded that the roof slab concrete comply with compressive strength requirements of M25 grade
A sample consist of three cubes/specimens . It is better for the same concrete sample cast more than three cubes, so that any defective cube should not be
tested or any doubt full test result due to testing may be rejected and not included in the average of three cubes.
REFERENCES
1. IS: 456-2000 (Fourth Revision) with amendments plain and reinforced concrete – Code of Practice, BIS, New Delhi.
2. Kishore Kaushal, “Quality Control of Construction – Testing of Concrete Cubes”, Indian Construction, Apr. 2010 pp. 21-24.