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Community Organization Exam Notes
Community Organization Exam Notes
1)Religion----
2) Caste---- There are four other characteristics of caste as identified in rural
india. Occupation is in some ways connected with caste, many times people
have lack of choice regarding occupation.2) In case of the caste-based society as
a whole, each group is assigned a particular place on the social ladder. This
arrangement reflects the hierarchy of castes,3) Each caste has its own social
rules regarding things it can take or not take, use or not use. These relate to
dress, ornaments, and even place for living.4) Each group in certain ways
represents a segment of the society, and regulates its affairs. This has been
called the segmental division of society.
3) Gender---- Indian society is strongly patriarchal Women in India are treated as inferior
and lowly by their male counterparts. Women are treated as subordinates and their sexuality
is controlled by men
1)The first efforts at community organisation for social welfare were initiated in
England to overcome the acute problem of poverty, which led to beggary.
3)Elizabeth poor law 1601—Charity was given by church to poor, disable,
mother of young children in form of food, clothing and fire woods--
4)Association for improving condition for poor (AICP) 1843 emphasize on self-
respect, self-dependency and relief suitable to needs of the people,
professionalisation of social charity work--- 5)Charitable organisation society in
London 1869 and Charitable organisation society in us1877 They were
charitable groups uses scientific philanthropy to help needy poor and destitute
people They address the grave situation created by poor law and other charitable
institution. Helping needy and poor through friendly visitors Develop
systematic procedures of collection of data help after assessment, and keeping
the records --6)First settlement house was established in 1884 (Toynbee hall
founded by Samuel burnett ) with aim to promote culture and education and
collect the information condition of poor, need for social welfare, health
concern and legal help---
Community organisation in India
In India, the very concept of charity is deep rooted in the religious philosophy.
Even before the commencement of the social work education in India in 1936,
first phase from 1936 to 1952--- the community work was in a dormant stage.
During this period social work was in its infancy and not many were employed
in the community settings
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second phase---It was in 1952 that the community development project was
launched by the government of India and with this we find the emergence of a
new era of community work. The basic objective of community development in
India was to awaken the rural people of their needs, instilling in them a sense of
ambition for better life and making them aware of their right and power to find
a solution for their problems.
According to Mukerji community development can be divided into two process.
1) Extension education, 2) Community organisation. Extension education was
expected to improve the quality of human beings by improving his/her
knowledge and skills. By community organisation setting up of three
institutions in the village.
Village Panchayat
The village co-operative
The village schools
From 1970 onwards we could see a new trend in the community work practice.
The social workers expanded their scope and operational area from their
traditional approach of casework to other development fields
The current phase of community work in India is involvement of the Business
houses in promoting welfare in their neighbourhood. This is commonly known
as CSR. (Corporate Social Responsibilities)
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Cast
Class
+Gender- ‘Patriarchy’ is derived from the Greek words 'patria' means father and
'arche' means rule.
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concept of 'people centredness' to stress the fact that development requires that
the people themselves - who are meant to be the beneficiaries of development
initiatives - be placed in the forefront and fully involved in any projects or
programmes which aim to assist them. The authors see this peoplecentred
perspective as providing a new paradigm which is vital in the process of
learning ,growth and development If empowerment of local people is to be
achieved, this requires their complete participation - which implies sharing and
working together and most importantly, for outsiders working with them, to
trust their skills and abilities. development can only take place when agencies
provide the services that people really want, rother than imposing pre-conceived
policies and programmes on people.
Empowerment does not mean that power is handed down or given to people.
People have power. To empower means to enable people to elicit and increase
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the power they have by joining hands. It is an act of skill and confidence-
building, and developing through cooperation, sharing and mutual learning
Sharing/working together (Participation)--- The concept of participation refers
to both means and end in community development. It is sharing or working
together to get things done, but it is also a goal that ultimately all in the
community would have an equal opportunity to have a part in the process of
making decisions that affect community life
Sustainability--- Sustainable development also refers to efforts and projects that
will keep going when the developer withdraws. It means, therefore, that the
process of development is facilitated in such a way that the community can
experience that "we have started it ourselves and are able to continue with it".
Ways of Working in the Peoplecentred Paradigm
Grouping---Most community development projects are done through the small
group in the community. Self-help and support groups are other forms of
grouping in this paradigm. This therefore means that through the
interdependence and collective action the group members develop
independence.
Networking----Networking is the process of communication that threads across
interests, problems and solutions to offer support in the execution of tasks. This
could include developing skills, provision of goods or services, emotional
support, guidance an[financial assistance
Learning together--A third way of working in community development is to
learn together from each other instead of being taught/trained through
'adult/community education -grammes' by 'experts'. Learning together is the
facilitation of the sharing of existing knowledge and skill, or acquisition of
knowledge and skill as decided on by the community..
Community organisation is considered as a Macro method of practice in social
work.
Dimensions of Community Organisation
1) The community and its problems
2) The nature of its goals--Enhanced functional capacity of the community and
its ability to influence the social welfare policy.
3) From the techniques ---Effecting the inter-personal and inter-group
relationships of the members of the community
Levels of Community Organisation
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Revolutionaries believe that the means of production in the hands of few (ruling
class) should be challenged, as it leads to accumulation of capital. Labour power
of working class is required for generation of wealth. Hence the ruling class
utilizes the labour of the working class. The ruling class also uses the apparatus
of ‘state’ (police, court and prison) to suppress dissent.
The pragmatic revolutionaries work with-in the system to alter laws and policies
affecting the working class. The hard core radicals on the other hand, work
outside the system and tend to work on From Functional to Social Justice
overthrowing the state.
There are two perspectives within the critical social work tradition, namely
structural (Marxian) & post-structural (Foucauldian). While the former
empathizes that social structure determines class/power, the latter perceives that
there are multiple ways in which power can be created and maintained