Jumlah

Fi’liyyah
 Introduction To Fi’l
● ‫ ﻓﻌل‬is an action word that is stuck in time.
● Arabic differs from an English verb in that
every ‫ ﻓﻌل‬contains a pronoun (doer) inside of it
which make a full sentence.
● Type of Fi’l in arabic -
■ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬- Past tense Fi’l
■ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع‬- Present tense Fi’l
■ ‫اﻧﺗﮭﻰ‬/‫ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﻣر‬- Commanding / forbidding Fi’l
 ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﺔُ ‪Parts of‬‬
‫‪ - the action‬اﻟﻔﻌل ‪1.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪a.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع ‪b.‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻷﻣر‪/‬اﻧﺗﮭﻰ ‪c.‬‬
‫‪ - the doer‬اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ‪2.‬‬
‫‪a. Inside‬‬
‫‪b. Outside‬‬
‫‪ - the detail‬اﻟﻣﻔﻌول ‪3.‬‬
 Fi’l
Madi
 ‫‪Fi’l Madi‬‬
‫ُھ ْم‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھ َُو‬
‫ﻧَﺻَ ر ُْوا‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رَ ا‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رَ‬
‫ھُنﱠ‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھِﻲَ‬
‫ﻧَﺻَ رْنَ‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رَ ﺗَﺎ‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رَ تْ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫أَﻧْتَ‬
‫ﻧَﺻَ رْ ُﺗ ْم‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رْ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رْتَ‬
‫أَ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ِ‬
‫ﻧَﺻَ رْﺗُنﱠ‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رْ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
‫ﻧَﺻَ رْ ِ‬
‫ﻧَﺣْ نُ‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ‬
‫ﻧَﺻَ رْﻧَﺎ‬ ‫ﻧَﺻَ رْتُ‬
 Doer of the Action
❖ ‫ اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬- the doer
➢ Inside - ‫ﺿ ِﻣ ْﯾ ُر اﻟﻣُﺳْ َﺗ ِﺗ ُر‬
‫ اﻟ ﱠ‬built-in pronoun
➢ Outside - Other then the built-in pronoun
❖ Rules for outside ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬-
➢ it must come AFTER the ‫ﻓﻌل‬
➢ it must be ‫( ﻣرﻓوع‬Rafa)
➢ the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬must be in either the ‫ ھو‬form or the ‫ ھﻰ‬form
➢ the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬will MATCH the ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬in GENDER
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺟَ ﺎءَكَ ا ْﻟ ُﻣﻧَﺎ ِﻓﻘ ُْونَ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻋَ ﻠِ َم ُﻛ ﱡل أُﻧَﺎسٍ ﱠﻣﺷْرَ َﺑ ُﮭ ْم‬
‫●‬ ‫َورَ ﻓَﻌْ ﻧَﺎ ﻓ َْو َﻗ ُﻛ ُم اﻟطﱡورَ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺣَ ﺿَ رَ ﯾَﻌْ ﻘُوبَ ا ْﻟﻣ َْوتُ‬
 Details of Action
● ‫ اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬The detail refers to additional
information about the action.
Ahmed ate chocolate at home yesterday
happily because he was hungry.
 Details of Action
● Type of ‫اﻟﻣﻔﻌول‬
1. ‫ َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬- who/what was the action done to?
2. ‫ َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ‬- when/where action take place?
3. ‫ َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول َﻟ ُﮫ‬- why was the action carried out?
4. ‫ َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﺣَ ل‬- how did the action take place?
5. ‫ َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻣُطْ ﻠَق‬- how badly
(uses a Masdar to emphasis/describe the action)

6. ‫ اﻟ ُﻣﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱢقْ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻔِﻌْ ل‬- Details with Jaar-Majruur

 ‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
❖ Answer the Question Who/What
❖ Most common ‫ﻣﻔﻌول‬
❖ Can come as Regular Ism / Attached
Pronoun***
❖ Step to translate the Attached Pronoun -
➢ Identify and ignore the attached pronoun
➢ Translate the fi’l by itself
➢ Translate the attached pronoun by itself
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺧَ َﻠ َﻘ ُﻛ ْم‬ ‫ظَ َﻠﻣُوﻧَﺎ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫َﻣﺗﱠﻌْ َﺗ ُﮭ ْم‬ ‫ﻧَﺟﱠ ْﯾﻧَﺎ ُﻛ ْم ●‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺟَ ﻌَ ْﻠﻧَﺎ ُﻛ ْم‬ ‫ﺿ ْﻠ ُﺗ ُﻛ ْم ●‬
‫َﻓ ﱠ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺟَ ﺎ َء ْﺗ ُﮭ ْم‬ ‫أَﻧْزَ ْﻟﻧَﺎهُ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻓَﺟَ ﻌَ ْﻠﻧَﺎھَﺎ‬ ‫ت َواﻷَرْ ضَ ●‬ ‫َﺎوا ِ‬ ‫ﺧَ ﻠَقَ اﻟ ﱠﺳﻣ َ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻋَ َﻘﻠُوهُ‬ ‫َﻓﺄ َﺧَ ذَ ُھ ْم اﻟﻌَ ذَ ابُ ●‬
 ‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻓِﯾ ِﮫ‬
❖ WHEN or WHERE the action took place.
❖ It often appears as a special ‫ﻣﺿﺎف‬
❖ It can also appear as an ‫ اﺳم‬that denotes time
❖ Or can comes with ‫ﻓﻲ‬
● َ‫َورَ ﻓَﻌْ ﻧَﺎ ﻓ َْو َﻗ ُﻛ ْم اﻟط ْﱡور‬
● ‫إِﻧﱢﻲ دَ ﻋَ ْوتُ ﻗ َْوﻣِﻲ َﻟﯾ ًْﻼ َو َﻧﮭَﺎرً ا‬
● ‫َﻣﻛَرْ ُﺗﻣ ُْوهُ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﻣدِﯾ َﻧ ِﺔ‬
 ‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول َﻟ ُﮫ‬
❖ WHY the action took place.
❖ Often translated as “because of” or “out of”
❖ Most often, the ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول ﻟ ُﮫ‬is a ‫ﻣﺻدر‬
● ‫ﺻَ َﺑر ُْوا ا ْﺑﺗِﻐَ ﺎ َء َوﺟْ ِﮫ رَ ﱢﺑ ِﮭ ْم‬
 ‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﺣَ ﺎل‬
❖ HOW the action took place.
❖ It describes the state of the doer or the
action.
❖ It often translates as an adverb (e.g angrily) or
as “while” or “as”
● ‫ﻓَﺧَ رَ جَ ِﻣ ْﻧﮭَﺎ ﺧَ ﺎ ِءﻓًﺎ‬
● َ‫َوا ْﻧ َﻘ َﻠﺑ ُْوا ﺻَ ﺎﻏِ رِ ﯾْن‬
 ‫َﻣ ْﻔﻌُول ﻣُطْ ﻠَق‬
❖ HOW BADLY the action took place.
❖ Has 3 Main Function -
➢ To Emphasize The Action (Single word)
➢ To describe the action (Has a Sifah)
➢ To indicate the number of times an action
happened (Number)
❖ It typically share the same root of the ‫ﻓﻌل‬
● ‫ﺿَ رَ َﺑ ُﮫ ﺿَ رْ ﺑًﺎ‬
 ‫اﻟ ُﻣﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱢقْ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻔِﻌْ ل‬
‫اﻟ ُﻣﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱢقْ ‪ is labelled as a‬ﺟﺎر وﻣﺟرور ‪ a‬ﺟﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔ ‪❖ Within a‬‬
‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟﻔِﻌْ ل‬
‫‪ do not‬أﻓﻌﺎل ‪ that are associated with‬ﺣروف ‪❖ The‬‬
‫‪always have to be translated.‬‬
‫●‬‫ض‬ ‫ﺿ ُﮭ ْم إِﻟَﻰ ﺑَﻌْ ٍ‬ ‫ﻧَظَ رَ ﺑَﻌْ ُ‬
‫ُﺛ ﱠم ﺻَ رَ َﻓ ُﻛ ْم ﻋَ ْﻧ ُﮭ ْم ●‬
 ABNORMAL SENTENCE STRUCTURE
● Normal Jumlah Fi’liyyah is constructed
■ ‫ ﻓﻌل‬followed by ‫ ﻓَﺎﻋِ ل‬then ‫ﻣﻔﻌول‬
● Position of ‫ ﻓﻌل & ﻓَﺎﻋِ ل‬Always stay the same
● Only ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬and ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌ ُل‬can be shifted. They
can either come before the ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬or the ‫ﻓﻌل‬
○ ‫ﷲ ﺗ ََو ﱠﻛ ْﻠﻧَﺎ‬
ِ ‫ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ‬
○ ُ‫َﻗ َﺗ َﻠ ُﮭ ُم ﷲ‬
 ‫‪Complex Sentence‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ذَ ھَبَ ﻣُﺣَ ﱠﻣ ٌد إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻣُﺣَ ﱠﻣ ٌد ذَ ھَبَ إِﻟَﻰ اﻟﻣَﺳْ ِﺟ ِد‬
‫●‬ ‫اﻟﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣُونَ َﻗﻠُوا ﺷَﻲْ ًء‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻧَﺣْ نُ ﺧَ َﻠ ْﻘﻧَﺎ ُھ ْم‬
‫●‬ ‫إِﻧﱠﺎ أَﻧْزَ ْﻟﻧَﺎهُ‬
 J.I. vs J.F.
● ‫ ﻧَﺻَ رَ اﻟﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ُم‬- ‘the Muslim helped’
● َ‫ اﻟﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ُم ﻧَﺻَ ر‬- ‘the Muslim, HE helped!’ or ‘it is in fact the
Muslim who helped!’
● Benefit -
○ It alludes to the fact that someone is confused about who
actually did the act and so it must be reiterated that the act is
being done by the ‫ اﺳم‬mentioned
○ The Doer is emphasized twice
○ It can also indicates an emotionally charged-context. It is as
though the speaker is very passionate, angry or even yelling
depending on the context.
 Fi’l
Mudari
 ‫‪Fi’l Mudari‬‬
‫ُھ ْم‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھ َُو‬
‫ﺻر ُْونَ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا ِن‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرُ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫ھُنﱠ‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھِﻲَ‬
‫ﺻرْنَ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا ِن‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرُ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫أَﻧْتَ‬
‫ﺻر ُْونَ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا ِن‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرُ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺻرْنَ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا ِن‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرِ ﯾنَ‬
‫ﻧَﺣْ نُ‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ‬
‫ﺻرُ‬
‫َﻧ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُ‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ﯾَﺳْ َﺗﺑْﺷِ ر ُْونَ‬ ‫َﺗﻘُو ُل ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ َﻣ ٌﺔ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺗَﻌْ َﻠ ُم‬ ‫َﯾﻘُو ُل ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣُونَ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫أ ُ َﻧ ﱢﺑ ُﺊ‬ ‫ﯾَﺳْ رِ ﻗْنَ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺻ ُر ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ُﯾﻧَزﱢ ُل ﷲُ ﻗُرْ آنَ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫َﻧﻘْرَ أُهُ‬ ‫ﯾ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧ ُْونَ ●‬
‫●‬ ‫أَ ِﺟ ُدﻛُنﱠ‬
Pushing Present Tense to Future Tense
● Using َ‫سَ & ﺳَ ْوف‬
● Both of them mean will
● َ‫ س‬is closer in the future than َ‫ﺳَ ْوف‬
● َ‫ ﺳَ ْوف‬can be attached to other harfs.
○ ِ‫ﺳَ َﯾﻘُ ُل اﻟ ﱡﺳ َﻔﮭَﺎ ُء ﻣِنَ اﻟﻧﱠﺎس‬
○ َ‫َوﺳَ ْوفَ ﯾَﻌْ َﻠﻣ ُْون‬
 Forms of Present Tense
● The present tense has three forms
■ Normal - ‫ﻣرﻓوع‬
■ Light - ‫ﻣﻧﺻوب‬
■ Lightest - ‫ﻣﺟزوم‬
● DEFAULT form of the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬is Normal
● Some Harf can affect ‫ ﻓﻌل‬to make them
Light/lightest
 Huruf for Present Tense
‫اﻟﺣروف اﻟﻧﺎﺻﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺿﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﺣروف اﻟﺟﺎزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺿﺎرع‬
ْ‫أن‬ TO ْ‫إِن‬ If (Present / Past)
ْ‫ﻟَن‬ Will not ‫َﻟ ْم‬ Did not (Present)
/ ْ‫ ﻟِﻛَﻲ‬So that, In order ‫َﻟ ﱠم‬ Not yet (Present)
ِ‫ ل‬/ ْ‫ﻛَﻲ‬ to When (Past)
ْ‫ إِذَ ن‬/ً‫إِذ‬ In that case ِ‫ل‬ Should
‫ﺣَ ﺗﱠﻰ‬ Until ‫ َﻓ ْل‬/ ‫ َو ْل‬And/SO Should
 ‫‪Fi’l Mudari In Light‬‬
‫ُھ ْم‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھ َُو‬
‫ﺻر ُْو‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫ھُنﱠ‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھِﻲَ‬
‫ﺻرْنَ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫أَﻧْتَ‬
‫ﺻر ُْو‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺻرْنَ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرِ ي‬
‫ﻧَﺣْ نُ‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ‬
‫ﺻرَ‬
‫َﻧ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُ‬
Example from Quran
 ‫‪Fi’l Mudari In Lightest‬‬
‫ُھ ْم‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھ َُو‬
‫ﺻر ُْو‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرْ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫ھُنﱠ‬ ‫ُھﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ھِﻲَ‬
‫ﺻرْنَ‬
‫َﯾ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرْ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫أَﻧْتَ‬
‫ﺻر ُْو‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرْ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬
‫أَ ْﻧﺗُنﱠ‬ ‫أَ ْﻧ ُﺗﻣَﺎ‬ ‫ت‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ِ‬
‫ﺻرْنَ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرَا‬
‫َﺗ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرِ ي‬
‫ﻧَﺣْ نُ‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ‬
‫ﺻرْ‬
‫َﻧ ْﻧ ُ‬ ‫ﺻرْ‬
‫أَ ْﻧ ُ‬
 Example from Quran

ِ ‫ َو َﻟ ﱠم َﻗﻣَﺎ ﻋَ ْﺑ ُد‬- And when the slave of Allah stood up

‫ﷲ‬
Commending
&
Forbidding
 Common Sense Observation
● You can’t command/forbid in the past tense.
● You can’t command yourself.
● You can’t command/forbid someone who’s
not there.
● A grammatical command isn’t always really a
command.It could be a suggestion,
motivation, permission, advice, request,
imperative or sarcasm.
 FORBIDDING ‫ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Result

Start with Make

Normal Lightest
Put a ‫ ﻻ‬in
front
2nd ْ‫ﻻ َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرِ ي‬
Person
ْ‫َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرِ ي‬
َ‫َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرِ ﯾْن‬
 Forbidding VS Observation
● Statement / Observation - َ‫ ﻻ‬+ Normal Fi’l
■ ‫ ﻻ َﺗ ْﻛﺗُبُ ُﻛ ُﺗﺑًﺎ‬- “You don’t write books”
● Forbidding - َ‫ ﻻ‬+ Lightest
■ ‫ ﻻ َﺗ ْﻛﺗُبْ ُﻛ ُﺗﺑًﺎ‬- “Don’t write books!!”
● Should not - َ‫ ﻻ‬+ Lightest 3rd person
■ ‫ ﻻ َﯾ ْﻛﺗُبْ ُﻛ ُﺗﺑًﺎ‬- “He Should not write books”
 Commanding ‫ﻓﻌل اﻷﻣر‬
The steps for commanding -
● Start with the lightest 2nd person.
● Remove the first ‫ت‬.
● If the word can be read, leave it alone.
● If the word can’t be read, add a helper alif.
● Harakaat for the helper alif:
○ If the second to last letter ◌ُ then the helper alif gets a ◌ُ
○ Otherwise the helper alif gets a ◌ِ
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺗَذْ ھَبُ‬
‫●‬ ‫َﺗ ْﻧﺻُرْ نَ‬
‫●‬ ‫َﺗﺗَﻌَ ﻠﱠ ِﻣﯾْنَ‬
‫●‬ ‫ُﺗ ْﻧ ِذر ُْونَ‬
 Answering a Command/Forbidding
❖ Two parts to this type of sentence
➢ ‫ أﻣر‬the command
➢ ‫ اﻟﺟواب أﻣر‬the answer/ consequence to the
command
❖ Both of them Must be in ‫ ﺟزم‬Status
◆ ُ‫أﺳْ ﻠِ ْم ﯾَرْ ﺣَ ْﻣكَ ﷲ‬
◆ ْ‫أرْ ﺳِ ْﻠ ُﮫ ﻣَﻌَ ﻧَﺎ ﻏَ دًا ﯾَرْ ﺗَﻊْ َو َﯾﻠْﻌَ ب‬
 ABNORMAL SENTENCE STRUCTURE
● Same as Fil Madi
● Only one structure in particular that occurs with ‫ﻣﺿﺎرع‬
and ‫أﻣر‬
■ It is possible to move the ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬before the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬,
even if the ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬is a pronoun.
■ This is done through the use of a place-holder - ‫إِﯾﱠﺎ‬

○ ُ‫إِﯾﱠﺎكَ ﻧَﻌْ ُﺑ ُد َوإِﯾﱠكَ ﻧَﺳْ َﺗ ِﻌﯾْن‬

○ ‫ﻧَﺣْ نُ ﻧَرْ ُزﻗُ ُﮭ ْم َوإِﯾﱠﺎ ُﻛ ْم‬
 Emphatic Nun ‫ﻧون اﻟﺗوﻛﯾد‬
● Occurs only with ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬and ‫ﻧﮭﻲ‬
● ‫ ﻧون‬is attached to the end of a ‫ ﻓﻌل‬to emphasize
the action.
● Often accompanied By ‫اﻟم اﻟﺗوﻛﯾد‬
● Always translate in the future tense.
● Two type of ‫ﻧون اﻟﺗوﻛﯾد‬
○ ‫ اﻟﺧﻔﯾﻔﺔ‬- Light
○ ‫ اﻟﺛﻘﯾﻠﺔ‬- Heavy
Emphatic Nun ‫ﻧون اﻟﺗوﻛﯾد‬
 Emphatic Nun for Negation
َ ‫ ﻓﻌل اﻟﻧﮭﻲ‬- Has same rules
● ‫اﻟﻣؤﻛﱠد‬
● Translated as
○ “don’t you dare” for 2nd person
○ “X should not at all” for 3rd person
 Some Special Huruf
● ْ‫ ﻗَد‬- Already
○ ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ْ‫ ﻗَد‬- Certainly
○ ‫ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬+ ْ‫ ﻗَد‬-
Have/Already/Definitely
 QUO TE S
● Quotes in Arabic are considered to be a type of
‫ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬
● Its called ِ‫َﻣﻘ ُْو ُل اﻟﻘ َْول‬
● ِ‫ َﻣﻘ ُْو ُل اﻟﻘ َْول‬can contain either a J.I. / J.F. / Fragment

■ ‫َو َﻗ َل ﷲُ إِﻧﱢﻲ ﻣَﻌَ ُﻛ ْم‬

■ ‫َﻗﻠ ُْوا ﻧَﻌَ ْم‬
 QUESTION WORDS
● In Arabic, most question words have no grammatical
effect and can simply be added to the beginning of a
sentence, both ‫ اﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬and ‫ﻓﻌﻠﯾﺔ‬

َ‫أَﯾْن‬ ‫َﻣﺗَﻰ‬ ‫ ﻣَﺎ‬/ ‫ﻣَﺎذَ ا‬ ْ‫ﻣَن‬

Where When What Who

‫أَىﱡ‬ َ‫ أ‬/ ‫َھ ْل‬ ‫ﻟِﻣَﺎذَ ا‬ َ‫َﻛﯾْف‬

Which Did/Is Why How
Practice
Practice
Practice
 Special Case
● When َ‫ أَﯾْن‬or ‫ ﻣﺎ‬are used with a sentence that
has a Jaar-Majruur in it, the Harf Jaar comes
before the question word.
● ‫ ﻣﺎ‬Marge with Harf Jaar
○ ‫ ﻣِنْ أَﯾْنَ ھ َُو‬- Where is he form?
○ َ‫ ﻋَ ﱠم َﯾﺗَﺳَ ﺎ َءﻟُون‬- What are they asking each other about?
○ ‫ ِﻓ ْﯾ َم ُﻛ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم‬- What were you all in?
○ ‫ ﻟِ َم أَ ِذﻧْتَ َﻟ ُﮭ ْم‬- For What (Why) did you give them permission?
 DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN ‫ أﺳﻣﺎء‬AND
‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫أﺳﻣﺎء‬ ‫أﻓﻌﺎل‬
An ‫ اﺳم‬can take ‫ ﺗﻧوﯾن‬or ‫ ال‬or ‫ة‬ A ‫ ﻓﻌل‬cannot
An ‫ اﺳم‬rarely ends in a ‫ﺳﻛون‬ Some forms of the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬end in
a ‫ﺳﻛون‬
Anything else is Ism If it ends in ‫ون‬/‫ ﯾن‬and the first
letter is a ‫ ي‬or ‫ ت‬,it is an ‫ﻓﻌل‬
Comes after a Harf Jaar or Comes after a Light/Lightest
Harf Nasb or a special ‫ ﻣﺿﺎف‬it harf, ‫سَ ﺳَ ْوفَ ﻗَد‬
is an ‫اﺳم‬
Passive
Verbs
 ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬
● Active VS Passive ‫ﻓﻌل‬
● SENTENCE STRUCTURE
■ ‫ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬- The Passive act itself
■ ‫ ﻧﺎﺋب اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬- The Done to
■ Passive sentences usually do not contain a
‫ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑ ِﮫ‬
■ Additional information can appear in the
sentence in the form of a ‫ ﻣﺗﻌﻠق ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬or a ‫ظرف‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬
❖ To make Past Passive -
➢ Multiple Dammah & One Kasra
➢ Sukoons & The original last letter do not change.
➢ The second to last letter takes a Kasra rest Dammah

❖ َ‫ُﺧﻠِقَ ْاﻹِﻧْﺳَ ﺎنُ ﺿَ ﻌِﯾﻔًﺎ ❖ ﺳَ ﻣِﻌْ ُﺗﻣَﺎ ❖ ِاﺗﱠﺧَ ذ‬

❖ ‫ﻗُ ْل إِﻧﱢﻲ أُﻣِرْ تُ ❖ َﺑﺷﱠرْ ﺗُنﱠ ❖ َﻗ َﺗﻠُوا‬
❖ ْ‫ُﻛذﱢبَ ُر ُﺳ ٌل ﻣِنْ َﻗ ْﺑﻠِكَ ❖ ﻏَ َﻠﺑَت‬
 ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺿﺎرع اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول‬
❖ To make Past Passive -
➢ One Dammah & Multiple Fatha
➢ Sukoons & The original last letter do not change.
➢ First letter gets Dammah all other Fatha

❖ َ‫ﺗَﺧْ ﻠُﻘ ُْون‬ ❖ َ‫َﺗﺄْ ُﺧذِﯾن‬

❖ ‫ﺗَﺳْ ﺄ َﻻ ِن‬ ❖ َ‫َو ُھ ْم ﯾُﺧْ َﻠﻘُون‬
❖ ‫َﯾ ْﻔ َﺗ ُﺢ‬ ❖ َ‫َﻻ ﺗُظْ َﻠﻣُون‬
 ‫ﻧﺎﺋب اﻟﻔﺎﻋل ‪ vs. Done To‬ﻓﺎﻋل ‪Doer‬‬
‫‪● Rules are the same‬‬
‫‪● Can be Both Inside & Outside‬‬
‫●‬ ‫ﻧُﺻِ رَ اﻟﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣُونَ ‪ VS‬ﻧَﺻَ رَ اﻟﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣُونَ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﺿُرِ بَ َﻣ َﺛ ٌل‬
‫●‬ ‫أُﻧْزِ ﻟَتْ ﺳ ُْورَ ةٌ‬
‫●‬ ‫ﯾُرْ زَ ﻗ ُْونَ ِﻓ ْﯾﮭَﺎ‬
‫●‬ ‫أ ُﻋِ دﱠتْ ﻟِ ْﻠ ُﻣ ﱠﺗ ِﻘﯾْنَ‬
 THE RHETORICAL BENEFITS
● The ‫ ﻣﺟﮭول‬is used in the Quran to emphasize
the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬at the expense of the ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬. It may also
be used to emphasize the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬while not
limiting the ‫ﻓﺎﻋل‬
1. WHEN THERE IS NO REASON TO MENTION
THE DOER

‫ﷲ ُﯾ ْﻛ َﻔ ُر ِﺑﮭَﺎ َوﯾُﺳْ َﺗﮭْزَ أ ُ ِﺑﮭَﺎ ﻓ ََﻼ َﺗ ْﻘ ُﻌدُوا ﻣَﻌَ ُﮭ ْم‬

ِ‫ت ﱠ‬
ِ ‫إِذَ ا ﺳَ ﻣِﻌْ ُﺗ ْم آﯾَﺎ‬
 THE RHETORICAL BENEFITS
2. OUT OF RESPECT FOR ALLAH

‫ض أَ ْم‬
ِ ْ‫َوأَﻧﱠﺎ َﻻ ﻧَدْ رِ ي أَﺷَرﱞ أ ُرِ ﯾدَ ِﺑﻣَن ﻓِﻲ ْاﻷَر‬
‫أَرَ ادَ ِﺑ ِﮭ ْم رَ ﱡﺑ ُﮭ ْم رَ َﺷدًا‬
3. EXPANDING THE SCOPE OF THE ACTION

‫ﻟُ ِﻌﻧُوا ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱡد ْﻧﯾَﺎ َو ْاﻵﺧِرَ ِة‬

 TRANSITIVITY
1. ‫ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻻﻟزم‬- Intransitive
❖ Ran
a. Can’t take ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
❖ Help
b. Cannot be made passive
c. “to fall” and “to laugh”
❖ Write
2. ‫اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺗﻌدي‬- Transitive ❖ Wash
a. Can take ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬ ❖ Carry
b. Can be made passive ❖ Eat
c. “to read” and “to write” ❖ Read
 TRANSITIVITY
3. ‫ اﻟﻔﻌل اﻟﻣﺗﻌدي ﻟﻣﻔﻌوﻟﯾن‬- Super Transitive
a. Can take 2 ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
b. Can be made passive
c. It takes one ‫ ﻧﺎﺋب اﻟﻔﺎﻋل‬and one ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬
d. “to teach”
e. This is the ONLY circumstance in which we will find
a ‫ ﻣﻔﻌول ِﺑ ِﮫ‬in a passive sentence.

ِ‫ُﻋﻠﱢﻣْ ﻧَﺎ ﻣَﻧطِ قَ اﻟ ﱠطﯾْر‬

NEGATION
 Negation
1. Unique Tools to Negate Jumlah Filyyah
a. Past Tense Negation
b. Present Tense Negation
c. Future Tense Negation
2. Unique Tools to Negate Jumlah Ismiyyah
a. With َ‫ﻣﺎ & َﻟﯾْس‬
b. Absolute categorical negation
3. Shared Tools to Negate Both
 Past Tense Negation
Two ways to negate the past-tense. They are:

1) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫( َﻟ ْم‬lightest) - Normal Negation

2) ‫ ﻣﺎض‬+ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬- Refutation

َ‫َﻟ ْم َﯾﻛُنْ ﻣِنْ اﻟﺳﱠﺎ ِﺟ ِدﯾْن‬ َ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻛَﺎنَ ﻣِنْ اﻟ ُﻣﺷْرِ ِﻛﯾْن‬
 Present Tense Negation
Two ways to negate the present-tense. They are:

1) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫ َﻻ‬- Normal Negation (not Forbidding)

2) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫ ﻣﺎ‬- Refutation
ُ‫َﻻ ﯾَدْ رُس‬ ُ‫ﻣَﺎ ﯾَدْ رُس‬
‫ ﻻ‬is used to respond to a question. ‫ ﻣﺎ‬is used to refute someone and to correct
a false statement.

In the Quran, Allah used ‫ ﻻ‬when addressing In the Quran, Allah used ‫ ﻣﺎ‬when
people who do not know or who are curious addressing people who make false claims
to know. or who think incorrect things.

ِ‫ﻻ ﯾ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧ ُْونَ ﺑِﺎ ِ َواﻟﯾ َْومِ اﻟﻶﺧِر‬ ‫َوﻣَﺎ َﯾﺿُرﱡ ْوﻧَكَ ﻣِنْ ﺷَﻲْ ٍء‬
 Future Tense Negation
Two ways to negate the future-tense. They are:

1) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ْ‫ ﻟَن‬- Light (Will not)

2) ‫ ﻣﺿﺎرع‬+ ‫ َﻟﻣﱠﺎ‬- Lightest (Not Yet)

َ‫ﻟَنْ ﯾَدْ رُس‬ ْ‫َﻟﻣﱠﺎ ﯾَدْ رُس‬

‫ﻟَنْ ﻧَﺻْ ﺑِرَ ﻋَ ﻠﻰ طَ ﻌَ ﺎ ٍم وا ِﺣ ٍد‬
‫ﻺ ْﯾﻣَﺎنُ ﻓِﻲْ ﻗُﻠُ ِﺑ ُﻛ ْم‬
ِ ‫َو َﻟﻣﱠﺎ ﯾَدْ ﺧُلِ اﻟ‬
‫ـ‬Jumlah Fi’lyyah Negation
 Jumlah Ismiyyah Negation
By Using َ‫ ﻣَﺎ & َﻟﯾْس‬J.I. can be Negated in 4 ways-

‫ﻣﺑﺗدأ‬
‫اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ٌم‬
The Man is a Muslim With َ‫َﻟﯾْس‬ With ‫ﻣَﺎ‬

Make ‫ﻧﺻب‬ ‫َﻟﯾْسَ اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ًم‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ًم‬
NO! The man is not Muslim NO! The man is not Muslim

‫ﺧرب‬ ‫َﻟﯾْسَ اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ِﺑﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ٍم‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ اﻟرﱠ ُﺟ ُل ِﺑﻣُﺳْ ﻠِ ٍم‬

Add ‫ب‬ The man is not Muslim NOO!!! The man is not
at all Muslim At All
 َ‫َﻟﯾْس‬
❖ ‫ ﻟﯾس‬is an odd type of ‫ﻓﻌل ﻣﺎض‬
❖ Have to conjugate properly depending on doer (I/O)
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫أَﻧْتَ ﻣ ُْؤﻣِنٌ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ ھَذَ ا َﺑﺷَرً ا‬
‫❖‬ ‫ھُنﱠ ﻣ ُْؤ ِﻣﻧَﺎتٌ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫َوﻣَﺎ ﷲُ ﺑِﻐَ ﺎﻓِلٍ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ھِﻲَ ﻣ ُْؤ ِﻣ َﻧ ٌﺔ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫َﻟ ْﯾﺳ ُْوا ﺳَ َوا ًء‬
‫❖‬ ‫ُھ ْم ﻣِنْ اﻟﺧَ ﺎﺳِ رِ ﯾْنَ‬ ‫❖‬ ‫َﻟﯾْسَ ﺑِظَ ﱠﻼ ٍم‬
‫❖‬ ‫اﻟدﱠرْ سُ طُوِ ْﯾ ٌل‬
 Absolute Categorical Negation
❖ This type of negation that is unique to J.I.
❖ “there is absolutely no...” (Strongest
Negation in arabic)
❖ This type of sentence is made up of
● ‫ ﻻ‬+ Light & Nasb ( ِ‫)ﻻ اﻟﻧﱠﺎ ِﻓ َﻧ ُﺔ ﻟِ ْﻠ ِﺟﻧْس‬
● Followed by Jaar-Majruur
❖ It leaves no room for exception.
❖ Third reason to make an ‫ اﺳم‬light.
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫ﻻ إ َﻟ َﮫ ﱠإﻻ ِ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻻ إﻛْ رَ ا َه ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱢد ْﯾ ِن‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻻ ﺷَرِ ﯾْكَ َﻟ ُﮫ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻻ رَ ﯾْبَ ِﻓ ْﯾ ِﮫ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻻ َﺑ ْﯾ ٌﻊ ِﻓ ْﯾ ِﮫ‬
 Shared tools of Negation
❖ They can be used for Both J.I. & J.F. These are
strong ways to affirm
❖ There are 2 Tools
◆ ‫ إ ﱠِﻻ‬+ ‫ﻣَﺎ‬
◆ ‫ إ ﱠِﻻ‬+ ْ‫إِن‬
❖ Both gives the meaning “nothing but”.
❖ They have no grammatical effect on any parts of
the sentence.
❖ ‫ إن‬is more emphatic then ‫ﻣﺎ‬
 ‫‪Practice‬‬
‫❖‬ ‫إِنْ ھ َُو إ ﱠِﻻ ِذ ْﻛ ٌر َوﻗُرْ آنٌ ﱡﻣﺑِﯾنٌ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ أَ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم إ ﱠِﻻ َﺑ َﺷ ٌر ِﻣ ْﺛﻠُﻧَﺎ‬
‫❖‬ ‫إِنْ َﯾﻘُﻠ ُْونَ إ ﱠِﻻ َﻛ ِذﺑًﺎ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ َﯾﺄْ ُﻛﻠ ُْونَ ﻓِﻲ ُﺑط ُْو ِﻧ ِﮭ ْم إ ﱠِﻻ اﻟﻧﱠﺎرَ‬
‫❖‬ ‫َوﻣَﺎ ﻋَ ﻠَﻰ اﻟرﱠ ﺳ ُْولِ إ ﱠِﻻ اﻟﺑ ََﻼ ُغ اﻟ ُﻣ ِﺑﯾْنُ‬
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‫❖‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ َﻧ ِذ ْﯾ ٌر ُﻣ ِﺑﯾْنٌ‬
‫❖‬ ‫أ ْﻧ ُﺗ ْم َﺑ َﺷ ٌر‬
‫❖‬ ‫ﻛَﺎنَ ﻣُﺳْ ﻠِﻣًﺎ‬
‫❖‬ ‫ظﻧ ْﱡونَ‬‫ُھ ْم َﯾ ُ‬
‫❖‬ ‫دَ رَ ﺳُوا اﻟﻘُرْ آنَ‬
 ‫ﻣِنْ اﻟزَ اءِ دَ ة‬
❖ Extra or Additional ْ‫ﻣِن‬
❖ Does not change sentences grammar
❖ It adds the meaning “NOT A SINGLE or ANY”
❖ In J.I. this ْ‫ ﻣِن‬attached with - Mubtata
❖ In J.F. this ْ‫ ﻣِن‬attached with - Fa’il / M. Bihi
❖ Not Every ْ‫ ﻣِن‬is ‫ ﻣِنْ اﻟزَ اءِدَ ة‬unless it has -
➢ Comes in NEGATED SENTENCE or QUESTIONING SENTENCE
➢ The WORD FOLLOWING it will always be COMMON
➢ The sentence should still make sense after its removal.
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❖ ‫ ﻣن اﻟزاﺋدة‬is very easy to spot
❖ ‫ﻣَﺎ َﻟ ُﮫ َﻗ َﻠ ٌم‬ in a J.I.
➢ ‫ﻣَﺎ َﻟ ُﮫ ﻣِنْ َﻗ َﻠ ٍم‬ ❖ If you have a string of ‫ﻣﺗﻌﻠق‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺧﺑ ُر‬with no ‫ إﺳم‬in the ‫رﻓﻊ‬
❖ ‫ت رَ ُﺧ ٌل‬ ِ ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﺑ ْﯾ‬ status then you have
yourself a ‫ﻣن‬
➢ ٍ‫ت ﻣِنْ رَ ﺧُل‬ ِ ‫ﻣَﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﺑ ْﯾ‬
❖ Also, it will almost always
❖ ‫َھ ْل ﻓِﻲْ اﻟﻣَطْ ﺑَﻎِ أَﻛ ٌل‬ come in “he has...” or
“there is...” sentence
➢ ْ‫َھ ْل ﻓِﻲْ اﻟﻣَطْ ﺑَﻎِ ﻣِن‬ structures.
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‫ﻣَﺎ أَﺗَﺎ ُھ ْم َﻧ ِذ ْﯾ ٌر ❖‬
‫ﻣَﺎ أَﺗَﺎ ُھ ْم ﻣِنْ َﻧ ِذﯾْرٍ ➢‬
‫ط َورَ َﻗ ٌﺔ ❖‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ ﺗَﺳْ ﻘُ ُ‬
‫ط ﻣِنْ َورَ َﻗ ٍﺔ ➢‬ ‫ﻣَﺎ ﺗَﺳْ ﻘُ ُ‬
‫َﻻ ﯾَﻣْ ﻠِﻛ ُْونَ ﻗِطْ ِﻣﯾْرً ا ❖‬
‫َﻻ َﯾ ْﻣﻠِﻛ ُْونَ ﻣِنْ ﻗِطْ ِﻣﯾْرٍ ➢‬
 Finding ‫ ﻣِنْ اﻟزَ اءِ دَ ة‬In J.F.
❖ If you find the standard meanings of ‫ ﻣن‬do not make any
sense then look for ‫ﻣن اﻟزاﺋدة‬
➢ Is the sentence negated or does it have a question word at the
beginning?
➢ Is the word that is coming after common?
❖ If both answers are yes then -
➢ If a ‫ ﻓﻌل‬is ‫ ﻻزم‬the ‫ ﻣن اﻟزاﺋدة‬will definitely be the ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬,as it cannot take
a ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬.
➢ If a ‫ ﻓﻌل‬already has a ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬ (as attached pronoun), it will most likely
be the ‫ ﻓﺎﻋل‬, (as most ‫ أﻓﻌﺎل‬do not take more than one ‫)ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬
➢ If the ‫ ﻓﻌل‬already has an inside doer (not in ‫ ھو‬or ‫ )ھﻲ‬then the ‫ﻣن‬
‫ اﻟزاﺋدة‬is certainly the ‫ﻣﻔﻌول ﺑﮫ‬