7

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

BREAD AND PASTRY

PRODUCTION

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 1: PECS
First Edition, 2020

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 What I Need to Know

Continuous changes in the local environments require Filipino learners

to be more competitive and updated for them to be prepared for the world of
work and entrepreneurship.
There are three lessons in this module that will give learners with enough
knowledge and help them acquire work skills, work values and expertise. This
will help learners in choosing an occupation or career and/or eventually put up
his or her own business in line with Bread and Pastry Production thus, making
learners become independent and productive members of the society
After going through this module, you will find yourself at a moderate level
of expertise where you can take yourself to the next levels.

At the end of this module, learners should be able to:

1. Explain the basic concepts in bread and pastry production.
2. Discuss the relevance of the course.
3. Explore opportunities for bread and pastry production as a career.
4. Assess one’s PECs: characteristics, lifestyle, skills, traits.
5. Compare one’s PECs with those of an entrepreneur.
6. Generate a business idea that relates with a career choice in bread and
pastry production.
7. Discuss SWOT analysis.

In going through the module, you have to extend your patience in

understanding, analysing what you are reading. Follow the directions and/or
instructions in the activities. Answer the entire given test and exercises
carefully. Comply the required activities provided.
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of your answer. Write it in your TLE notebook.
1. A technical-vocational program that develops the skills of students in
preparing and producing bakery/pastry products, cakes and desserts.
A. Technology
B. Bread and Pastry
C. Industrial Arts
D. Practical Arts
2. Also called as “Station Chef”.
A. Line cook
B. Commis
C. Pastry chef
D. Factory bakers
3. A kind of job that work for bread factories, using machinery to produce
bread and pastry products.
A. Cake decorator
B. Commis
C. Pastry chef
D. Factory bakers
4. Putting up your own business requires a lot of patience, integrity and
dedication.
A. Hardworking
B. Risk taker
C. Committed
D. Persistence
5. A characteristic of a person who is forward looking.
A. Goal oriented
B. Persistence
C. Risk taker
D. Committed
6. A characteristic of an entrepreneur who is strong enough in dealing and
solving the challenges you may undertake as you go with running your
business.
A. Creative
B. Risk taker
C. Disciplined
D. D. Honest
7. In a business SWOT stands for?
A. Strengths, Wellbeing, Opportunities, Threat
B. Sudden, Weaknesses, Outstanding, Threats
C. Social Ways of Overcoming Threats
D. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
8. A SWOT analysis looks at?
A. The internal factors only
B. Both internal and external factors
C. The external factors only
D. None of the above
9. In a SWOT analysis, which two elements are parts of the internal
environment?
A. Strength and threats
B. Weaknesses and strengths
C. Opportunities and threats
D. Weaknesses and threats
10. Which of the following display the traits of a successful chef?
A. They discourage employees creativity.
B. They do things the way they were taught and do not change.
C. They are knowledgeable about many different foods and
techniques.
D. They do not allow employees to provide input on decision in the
work place.
11. The following are the importance of bread and pastry production
EXCEPT
A. Promote self esteem
B. Start baking career
C. Making money
D. Improve baking skills
12. An individual who would like to engage in any business must possess a
strong faith in his / her ability and capabilities in dealing with the different
problems that she might encounter in running a business.
A. Persistence
B. Hardworking
C. Self - confidence
D. Committed
13. What trait is shown if the person knows how to handle unusual events
that may happen in the business?
A. Goal oriented
B. Copes with uncertainty
C. Hard working
D. Committed
14. Which of the following statements hold true about SWOT Analysis?
A. Identifying the external factors that are favorable and unfavorable
to achieve the objective.
B. Involves specifying the objective of the business venture.
C. Identifying the internal factors that are favorable and unfavorable
to achieve the objective.
D. All of these
15. Which of the following show weakness in the SWOT analysis?
A. The place is quite expensive.
B. Have a supportive parent.
C. Good in public speaking.
D. Lack of stress management skills.
 Lesson INTRODUCTION TO BREAD AND PASTRY
1 PRODUCTION

What’s In

Directions: Answer the following questions and write your answer in your TLE
notebook
1. What do you want to become in the future?
2. How will you succeed in your chosen career?

What’s New

Why do we bake food?

Write five answers in this question in an enumerated form. Write your answer
in your TLE notebook.

What is It

Bread and pastry production

Bread and Pastry Production (also known as Baking and Pastry

Production) is a technical-vocational program that develops the skills of
students in preparing and producing bakery/pastry products, cakes and
desserts.

Students of the Bread and Pastry Production program are trained in

using modern baking techniques, equipment, tools and utensils and other
baking appliances. Students are also taught about different presentation
methods, sanitation and safety.
Importance of the Course Bread and Pastry Production
There are several reasons as to why bread and pastry production course is
necessary to learn
1. Get Acquainted with your Bakery – helps you to make familiar with your
bakery and all the tools and equipments in it

2. Improve Baking Skills – trains you how to bake and definitely improve and
develop your baking abilities.

3. Promote Self Esteem – helps you build self – esteem and confidence
knowing that you can now start and then complete a task like baking

4. Encourage Cultural Awareness - teaches you how cultures from different

places prepare their food.

5. Start a Baking Career – gives you an opportunity to develop a skill in baking.

Job Opportunities

There are number of job opportunities in bread and pastry production

that you can benefit from once you earn a degree in this field of specialization.
The kind of job that you can find depends on your specialization in bread and
pastry production. This career can help you to work as a:

Job Opportunities Job Description

Kitchen Helper  Cleans and sanitizes kitchen equipment.

 Assists in basic food preparation.
 Receives and stores products in kitchens.

 They work for bread factories, using

Factory Bakers
machinery to produce bread and pastry
products.
 These people produce bread and baked
In-store Bakers
goods in a retail store, sometimes using
pre-prepared or part-baked products from a
factory.
Master/Craft  Much more likely to bake from scratch and
Bakers are usually employed by a small-scale,
independent bakery or a restaurant kitchen.
  They may specialize in a certain type of
bread or baking process and will offer
specialist goods and services, such as
patisserie and cake decoration

 They works at a bakery, grocery store or

Cake Decorator
specialty cake shop and decorates cakes
using a variety of tools, materials and food
items.
 Prepare icings, apply toppings and
decorate cakes by writing customized
messages.
Pastry chef  They are in charge of and trained in the
production of desserts, pastries and bread.

Commis
 A junior chef.

Line Cook  A “station chef”, the chef designated to take

charge of a certain area of food production,
such as cake and dessert preparation and
other related products

Bakery Sanitation  They are responsible for general sanitation

Manager of the plant.
 They look after all on-the-job activities,
product safety, legality, quality, etc.

Bakery
 They are responsible for the development,
Technologist
creating, launching and implementing new
products and commercialization of new and
existing products.

Caterer
 Plans, makes transports and serves food
for meetings, parties, weddings,
organizational fêtes, and a host of other
events. Some caterers specialize in baked
goods and pastries.
 Bakery Owner
 Bakery owners are entrepreneurs who
create signature baked goods, build their
own brand, and manage the business side
of the shop.

What’s More

Directions: Identify what is being asked in the following statements.

Choose your answer from the box and write it on the space provided. Copy
these in your TLE notebook.

Pastry chef Caterer Encourage Cultural Awareness

Promote self esteem Cake decorator

Bread and pastry Kitchen helper Improve Baking Skills

Factory bakers Bakery sanitation manager

____________1. Develops the skills of students in preparing and producing

bakery/pastry products, cakes and desserts.

___________2. Helps you build self – esteem and confidence knowing that
you can now start and then complete a task like baking

___________3. They are in charge of and trained in the production of

desserts, pastries and bread

___________ 4. Some specialize in baked goods and pastries

___________ 5. Teaches you how cultures from different places prepare their
food

____________6. Prepare icings, apply toppings and decorate cakes by

writing customized messages

____________7. Assists in basic food preparation.

____________8. Trains you how to bake and definitely improve and develop
your baking abilities

____________9. They are responsible for general sanitation of the plant.

____________10. They work for bread factories, using machinery to produce

bread and pastry products
 Lesson PERSONAL ENTREPRENUERAL

2 COMPETENCIES / PECs

What’s New

Activity: Read the short story and answer the given questions. Write your
answer in your TLE notebook.

James grew up in a poor family where he learned the importance of hard

work. When he was in high school, he sold newspapers and cigarettes to help
pay for his schooling.
James learned he was good at woodworking in his TLE classes, and
realized he wanted to make it his profession someday. After high school, he
was not able to go on to college because of lack of money. Instead, he was
obliged to work in a furniture company.
The company where he worked closed when James was 20, and he
found himself suddenly out of job. Instead of applying in another company, he
decided to start his own furniture business. He raised money from his savings
and through loans.
To save his limited capital, James did not hire any help. He budgeted his
money very carefully, spending most of it on good tools and materials. He
worked long hours creating clever designs for his furniture, and looking for
better ways to build them. James started selling his designs to hotels,
restaurants, and resorts. They liked his work so much, and soon, orders began
pouring in and his business grew.
Today, James is the owner of one of the most successful furniture
companies in the country.
Guide Questions: Write your answer in your TLE notebook
1. What are the characteristics that helped James succeed?
2. How did James acquire his trait of being hardworking?
3. What did he discover during his TLE classes in high school?
 What is It

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PECs)

Technical and entrepreneurial skills are very much in demand
nowadays. That’s the reason why most of the learners must have to undergo
training in order for them to become a more competitive. Developing their skills
will help them in earning a living for their future. In order to become a great
entrepreneur he/she must acquire these entrepreneurial traits.

Most Important Entrepreneurial Traits

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:
1. Hard working – This means an entrepreneur works diligently and
consistently about it. Hardworking people keep improving their performance to
produce good products and/or provide good services.
2. Self – Confidence – Entrepreneurs have a strong belief in themselves and
their own abilities. They have self-awareness and belief in their own ability to
complete a difficult task or meet a challenge.
3. Profit – Oriented – An entrepreneur enters the world of business to generate
profit or additional income. The business shall become your bread and butter.
Therefore, you must see to it that the business can generate income.
4. Goal – Oriented – Entrepreneur knows how to set specific, measurable,
attainable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART) goals. It is easy for them to divide
large goals into short-term goals.
5. Persistence – Entrepreneurs do not easily give up in the face of problems.
This includes making a personal sacrifice or extraordinary effort to complete a
job.
6. Ability to accept change – Entrepreneurs should handle with and do well
on changes. Nothing is permanent but change. Change occurs frequently.
Capitalize on positive changes to make your business grow.
7. Has the initiative - An entrepreneur takes the initiative. He has the ability to
analyze and initiate things independently for the success of his business.
8. Committed - Good entrepreneurs assume full responsibility over their
business. They give full commitment and solid dedication to make the business
successful.
9. Risk-taking - Entrepreneurs are known for doing tasks that are moderately
challenging in order to achieve a goal.
10. Disciplined - Successful entrepreneurs always stick to the plan and fight
the temptation to do what is unimportant.
11. Creative - An entrepreneur should be creative and innovative to stay in the
business and in order to have an edge over the other competitors
12. Demand for efficiency and quality - Entrepreneur see to it that the
business meets or exceeds existing standards of excellence and exerts efforts
to improve past performance and do things better. They set high but realistic
standards
13. Excellent planner - A good entrepreneur develops and follows the steps in
the plans diligently to realize goals. A good entrepreneur knows that planning
is an effective skill only when combined with action.
14. Possesses people skills - This is a very important skill needed to be
successful in any kind of business. People skills refer to effective and efficient
communication and establishing good relationship to the people working in and
out of your business. In day-to-day business transactions, you need to deal with
people. A well-developed interpersonal skill can make a huge difference
between success and failure of the business.
15. Sound decision maker - Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to think
quickly and to make wise decisions towards a pre planned set of objectives.
Sound decisions should be based on given facts and information and lead
towards the pre planned objectives.
16. Information seeking - Entrepreneur update themselves with new
information about his customers, the market, suppliers, and competitors. This
is rooted to their natural sense of curiosity.
 What’s More
Matching Type: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer in your TLE notebook.

Column A Column B

1. Ability to accept A. makes wise decisions towards the set

change objectives
2. Creative B. strategic thinking and setting of goals
3. Committed C. trusting in one‘s ability
4. Confident. D. adoptable to change
E. innovates to have an edge over other
5. Disciplined competitors
6. Excellent Planner F. solid dedication
7. Hardworking G. skillful in record keeping
8. Possess people skills H. always sticks to the plan
9. Profit-oriented I. work diligently
10. Sound decision J. effective and efficient communication skills
maker and relates well people
K. always looking for an opportunity to
have/earn income
 Lesson
ANALYZING SWOT
3

What’s New

Directions: In your place, identify three successful entrepreneur/business

owner. Write your answer in your TLE notebook.

What is It

SWOT Analysis

SWOT’’ is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities,

and Threats. The SWOT Analysis began its life in the ‘70s as a planning tool
for analyzing a professional project or business venture. Unchanged in its
format, it’s still used today to help businesses focus their thoughts, analyze their
progress, and strategically shape their decision-making. SWOT can also be
used in personal context, you as an individual can develop your career and
personality by identifying your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats. Reviewing your identity, abilities, personality and applying it to a SWOT
framework will allow you to better yourself and advance in your chosen career.
This step will help you improve your business of choice and prepare for
challenges. The table below will help you differentiate among these four
features

INTERNAL EXTERNAL
Strengths Opportunities
P
- Positive and controllable - Positive factors that are not within
O
factors that contribute to the the control of the business.
S business’ success. - Possibilities that you can take

I advantage of to help you achieve

your goals and ambitions
T
 - An internal resource or - An external situation that could
I
capability which is needed to provide a competitive advantage.
V
achieve the desired goals. Examples:
E Examples:  Absence of similar products
 Cheap raw materials in the market.
 Skilled employees  New markets being
 Ease of management developed.
 Small capital outlay  There is strong support from
 Experience workforce the local government for
 Business is located in small and medium
an area with many businesses to expand.
people living.
Weaknesses Threats
N
- Areas where you or your - Negative factors that are beyond
E
organization may be weaker the control of the business.
G than others. - An external situation which could

A - An internal barrier to achieve damage your space for attaining

the desired goals. objectives.
T
- Set of problems, difficulties or - Things that may prevent you or
I shortcomings encountered by your organization from making a
V the business. profit or achieving your goals.
Examples: Examples:
E
 Lack of working capital  Raw material shortages
 Poor location  Too many competitors
 Inexperience owner  New methods of food
 Establishment is old and production that are better
looks out dated. and more effective are
 Limited space inside the coming out.
establishment, thereby  New technologies are
limiting the number of available and are used by
customers it can competitors.
accommodate.
 What’s More

Directions: Below are factors and elements in the business, market and
environment that affect the success of the business. Determine whether they
are (S) strengths, (W) weaknesses, (O) opportunities or (T) threats. Write only
the first letter of your answer and write it in your TLE notebook.
__________________1. The business has staff who are experienced and well
– trained.
__________________2. There are new technologies that are better and more
advanced than what the business uses.
__________________3. The government strongly supports small and medium
enterprises to boost the growth of the businesses.
__________________4. The business is located in an area that has many
customers.
__________________5. New and popular products are being introduced in the
market from other competitors.
__________________6. The establishment looks old and needs repairs.
__________________7. The owner has invested small capital into the
business.
__________________8. The business space has a limited capacity to entertain
many customers at the same time.
__________________9. The small nature of the business enables it to provide
excellent customer care because the small amount of work allows its staff to
devote more time to customers.
____________________10. The small size of the business’ workforce puts it in
helpless position when a staff member becomes sick or takes a leave from
work.
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the missing word/s to complete each
statement. Choose your answer/s from the box below. Write your answer in
your TLE notebook.

1. Bread and Pastry Production is a program that develops

the skills of students in preparing and producing bakery/pastry products,
cakes and desserts.
2. Simplest way to start baking career is to attend _____________.
3. A good develops and follows the steps in the plans diligently
to realize goals.
4. Pastry chef are in charge of and trained in the of desserts,
pastries, and breads
5. A well-developed skill can make a huge difference between
success and failure of the business.
6. Successful entrepreneurs always stick to the___________ and fight the
temptation to do what is unimportant.
7. Entrepreneur updates themselves with_____________ about her customers,
the market, suppliers, and competitors.
8. _____________ are positive and controllable factors that contribute to the
favourability of a business opportunity.
9. The SWOT Analysis began its life in the ‘70s as a_____________ for
analyzing a professional project or business venture.
10. Opportunities are positive factors that are_____________ the control of the
business.
 What I Can Do

Directions: Create a business idea that relates with a career choice in cookery.
From the business idea that you created write two strengths, opportunities,
weaknesses and threats. You will be guided to the following questions for each
feature. Write your answer in your TLE notebook.

1. Why do people praise or like your 1. What jobs can you offer from
business? business?
2. What achievements are you proud 2. What are the advantages of
of from your business? your business achievements?

1. What business resources are 1. What are your business

you lack in or need more? competitors?
2. What are negative feedbacks of 2. What new business resources
your business? are you lack in?
 Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on your TLE
notebook.
1. These people produce bread and baked goods in a retail store,
sometimes using pre-prepared or part-baked products from a factory
A. Pastry Chef
B. Factory Bakers
C. In-Store Bakers
D. Cake Decorator
2. This program trained students in using modern baking techniques,
equipment, tools and utensils and other baking appliances.
A. Technology
B. Bread and Pastry Production
C. Industrial Arts
D. Practical Arts
3. They are likely to bake from scratch and are usually employed by a
small-scale, independent bakery or a restaurant kitchen.
A. Master/Craft Baker
B. Factory Bakers
C. In-Store Bakers
D. Executive Chef
4. A businessman who takes time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and
recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs is called_____________.
. A. responsible
B. willing to listen
C. committed
D. hard working
5. A successful entrepreneur who ventures new business ideas. This
characteristic is called_____________.
A. initiative
B. risk taker
C. opportunity seeker
D. committed
6. The bread and butter of the business not only for you but also for your
family.
A. Profit oriented
B. Takes initiative
C. Risk taker
D. D. Opportunity seeker
7. These are the two elements of internal environment.
A. Strength and threats
B. Opportunities and threats
C. Weaknesses and strengths
D. Weaknesses and threats
8. In the acronym SWOT, S stands for_____________.
A. Star
B. Stress
C. Social
D. Strength
9. What are the factors that SWOT analysis considers?
E. The internal factors only
F. The external factors only
G. Both internal and external factors
H. None of the above
10. These are the importance of cookery EXCEPT
I. Promote self esteem
J. Making money
K. Start culinary career
L. Improve cooking skills
 11. The following are undesirable traits of chefs EXCEPT
M. They discourage employees creativity.
N. They do things the way they were taught and do not change.
O. They are knowledgeable about many different foods and
techniques.
P. They do not allow employees to provide input on decision in the
work place.
12. Knows how to handle unusual events that may happen in the business
which include problems in managing the workers, problems on the delivery
of goods and services, and the problems on demand and production. You
must be patient in dealing with these uncertainties.
Q. Goal oriented
R. Hard working
S. Copes with uncertainty
T. Committed
13. An individual who would like to engage in any business must possess a
strong faith in his / her ability and capabilities in dealing with the different
problems that she might encounter in running a business.
A. Persistence
B. Hardworking
C. Self - confidence
D. Committed
14. Which of these statements is true about SWOT Analysis?
U. Specifying the objective of the business venture
V. Identifying the external factors that are favorable and
unfavorable to achieve the objective
W. Identifying the internal factors that are favorable and unfavorable
to achieve the objective
X. All of these
15. Identify which of the examples is a Weakness.
Y. The place is quite expensive.
Z. Have a supportive parent.
AA. Good in public speaking.
BB. Lack stress management skills.
 Additional Activities

Self – assessment Test

Using the Entrepreneurial Assessment, evaluate your potentials as a
future food entrepreneur. Can you become a successful food entrepreneur?
Questions: Answer honestly and write the letters only in your TLE notebook
1. Are you innovative?
a. I am open – minded to new methods of improving food I will offer.
b. I will not try new methods of preparing my food offerings.
2. Are you creative?
a. I will exert effort to develop my imagination in food preparation.
b. I will not exert much effort to develop my imagination in food preparation
3. Are you concerned about the preservation of the environment?
a. I am willing to do my share in the preservation of the environment by
practicing environment management service (EMS).
b. I will not do my share in the preservation of the environment.
4. Are you efficient?
a. I will closely supervise the preparation of food to be served.
b. I will just let other employees do the job.
5. Do you possess good human relations?
a. I enjoy the company of people and am a team player.
6. Are you hardworking?
a. I believe that success comes from hard work by putting time and effort for
the business.
b. I tend to avoid too much work.
7. Are you healthy?
a. I exercise regularly and eat healthful foods.
b. I do not eat a balance diet and I do not exercise regularly.
8. Are you organized?
a. I make plans before doing things. b. I do not make plans ahead of time.
9. Are you optimistic/cheerful?
a. I have a positive attitude towards work. b. I am pessimistic by nature.
10. Are you quality conscious?
a. I always aim for excellence in my undertakings.
b. I get tired of looking for ways of improving the quality of whatever I do.

Each a answer is equivalent to 10 points.

Each b answer is equivalent to 5 points.

85 – 100 - points – You have strong entrepreneurial characteristics.

71 – 84 – You have weaknesses that need improvement.
50 – 70 - The commitments of an entrepreneur are hard for you at this time.
 Assessment
1. C
2. B What I Have Learned What’s More 3
3. A
4. B 1. Technical Vocational 1. S
5. A 2. Baking class 2. O
6. A 3. Managing 3. O
7. C 4. S
4. Production
8. D 5. T
5. Article and blogs 6. W
9. C
6. Plan 7. S
10. B
11. C 7. New information 8. W
12. C 8. Strengths 9. S
13. C 9. Planning tool 10. T
14. D 10. Not within
15. D
What I Know
1. B
2. A
What’s More 1 3. D
What’s More 2 4. C
1. Bread and Pastry 5. A
1. E 2. Promote Self-Esteem 6. B
2. K 3. Pastry Chef 7. D
3. H 4. Caterer 8. B
4. A 5. Encourage Cultural 9. B
5. J Awareness 10. C
6. B 6. Cake Decorator 11. C
7. C 7. Kitchen Helper 12. C
8. I 8. Improve Baking Skills 13. B
9. D 9. Bakery Sanitation Manager 14. D
10. F 10. Factory Bakers 15. D
Answer Key
 References

K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood

Education
Learning Module
Learning Module Bread and Pastry Production 9
Dr. Cristina a. Villanueva. Effective Technology and Home Economics,
Adriana Publishing Co.,INC.
https://careertrend.com/career-opportunities-in-cooking-13637584.html
https://www.finduniversity.ph/majors/baking-pastry-production-nc-ii-
philippines/https://cacoo.com/blog/a-comprehensive-guide-to-creating-
your-personal-swot-analysis/
https://www.slideshare.net/gilbertbautista3/module-1-pe-cs
https://www.slideshare.net/lionnagaraju/interactive-teaching-
techniques-swot-analysis