Hydraulic Control Components - DCV Hydraulic Valves

 Hydraulic valves are used to switch at a certain pressure or adjust

the direction and flow of the fluid.
 The Directional Control Valve (DCV) is used to pass on the pressure
medium (i.e. flow) in an orderly fashion to a particular direction.
 Pressure Control Valves (PCV) switch (or control) at a certain
pressure; the switching pressure may be adjusted on the valve.
 Flow Control Valves (FCV) regulate the flow this is done by
WHAT IS A HYDRAULIC VALVE
AND WHY DO WE NEED IT? adjusting the size of the bores (orifices).

Dr. M. Puviyarasan
Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering ,
Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai-600 123.
25 March 2021 Slide 3

Hydraulic Valves Based on their configuration or modes of operation

 A HYDRAULIC VALVE PROPERLY DIRECTS THE FLOW OF A 1. Poppet or Seat Valves
LIQUID MEDIUM, USUALLY OIL, THROUGH YOUR HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM. 2. Sliding Spool Valves
 A hydraulic system can only function - as per requirements - by using 3. Rotary Spool Valves
valves.
 Thus, correct type of hydraulic valve are need to be chosen to serve the
intended purpose.
 The required size is determined by the maximum flow of the hydraulic
system through the valve and the maximum system pressure.

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Poppet or Seat Valves Sliding Spool Valve
Advantages The valve

 Simple Design
consists of a spool
 Robust mounted in a
 Less Sensitive to sleeve.
contamination
 The valve is
 Low Cost
usually ax-
Disadvantages symmetrical and
Larger Operating force

its spool slides
Applicable only for low

axially.
pressure applications
•Land
•Spool
Valve Seats
 Most frequently used in hydraulic systems
1. Balls 2. Discs 3. Cones
 High pressure applications
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Poppet or Seat Valves Sliding Spool Valve

 The valve consists of a head (called a poppet), a spring, and a seat.

 The poppet may be spherical, conical, plane-like, or any other

shape.

 During operation, the valve is either closed (poppet seated) or

opened (poppet unseated).

 Useful in Check Valve and Relief Valves.

 The main advantages of this valve are the increased number of
control ports and its greater controllability.
 The basic disadvantage is the increased leakage and high initial and
current cost.
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Rotary Spool Valve Rotary Spool Valve
 Rotary valves consist of a rotating spool which aligns with holes in
the valve casing(Sleeve) to give the required operation.
 Rotary valves are compact, simple and have low operating forces.
 They are, however, low pressure devices and are consequently
mainly used for hand operation in pneumatic systems.

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Rotary Spool Valve Classification of DCV

 The valve consists of a
spool mounted in a
sleeve.
 The spool rotates
inside the sleeve.
 This class of valves is
used in the steering
systems of some
vehicles.
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DCV Poppet type Check Valve
 Control/Regulates the Direction.
 Do not change the flow rate.
 Full Open / Full Close.

 Used to select alternate circuits

 To perform logic control functions.

The Directional Control Valve (DCV) is used to pass on the pressure medium
(i.e. flow) in an orderly fashion to a particular direction.
DCVs determine the path through which a fluid traverses within a given circuit.

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I. Check Valve Application of Check Valve

 Simplest DCV
 Two Port Valve
 One-Way Valve
 Non-Return Valve
 Free-Flow
 No-Flow (Prevents Flow)

Types
1. Poppet type Check Valve.
2. Pilot Operated type Check Valve.

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Pilot operated type check valve Types of Check Valves

 To hydraulically
lock the cylinders
such as in a
Hydraulic Jack
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II. Position Valves

•Try to use check valve for

different applications.
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DCV - Position Valves 2/2 DCV - NC

Normal Position

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II. Position Valves 2/2 DCV - NC

 Control the Introduction of fluid to the lines of
the system.
 Specified by the
No. of Ports/No. of Position Actuated Position
Ex.: 4 / 3 Valve

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Symbol Application of 2/2 DCV
A B

 Push-button operated, Spring return, 2/2 DCV - NC

 Generally used as Shut off Valves

25 March 2021 Slide 25 25 March 2021 (A) Filling a Vessel (B) Draining a Vessel Slide 27

2/2 DCV – to Fill and Drain a Vessel Specify???

Unlike a check
valve, the Normal Position

two-way valve
can block flow
in both
directions

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2/2 DCV - NO Let’s Try this!!!
 Design a Circuit using 2/2
DCV – NO (Normally Open)

Normal Position

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2/2 DCV - NO Specify??

Actuated Position

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3/2 DCV NC 3/2 DCV – Normally Open

Normal Position
Normal Position

T P

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3/2 DCV NC 3/2 DCV - Normally Open

Actuated Position Actuated Position

T P

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NC vs NO Fill/Hold/Drain using a 3/3 DCV
A B C

25 March 2021 Slide 37 25 March 2021 (A) Fill (B) Hold (C) Drain Slide 39

Application of 3/2 DCV Application of 3/3 DCV

A B C

25 March 2021 Slide 38 25 March 2021 (A) Extend Cylinder (B) Hold Cylinder (C) Retract Cylinder Slide 40
Specify?? 4/2 DCV

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4/2 DCV 4/2 DCV

Normal Position

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4/2 DCV Application of 4/2 DCV

Actuated Position

25 March 2021 Slide 45 25 March 2021 (A) Extension of Cylinder (B) Retraction of Cylinder Slide 47

4/2 DCV Actuation Methods

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Actuation Methods Various Symbols

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DCV – How do you Specify this? Application of 4/3 DCV

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Open and Closed center valve positions
Open to Tank/Reservoir
25 March 2021
Regenerative Circuit
Regenerative Cylinder
• Oil from the rod end
regenerates with the pump
flow going to the blank end.
25 March 2021
Open Center means
Slide 53
Applications
• The so-called regenerative circuit,
which can enhance the extension
speed of a single-rod cylinder
without using a larger pump.
• Therefore, money can be saved
because a smaller pump, motor,
and tank can be used to get the
desired cycle time.
Slide 54
Regenerative Circuit (using 4/3 DCV)
Regenerative Cylinder
• Oil from the rod end regenerates
with the pump flow going to the
blank end.
• Center Mode – Hold
• Left Mode – Regenerative Extension
• Right Mode – Normal Retraction
• Speed up the extension of a
double acting cylinder.
• Load Carrying capacity during
extension is less when compared
to regular double acting cylinder.
25 March 2021 Slide 55
Regenerative Circuit
Questions of understanding:
Why can the piston extend within
the differential circuit when the
same pressure acts on the piston as
on the rod side?
Answer: Because the areas on
opposite sides of the piston
are unequal, the cap end of the
cylinder always has more
force than the rod side.
25 March 2021 Slide 56
III. Shuttle Valve / Double Check Valve
•Permits a system to operate
from either of two fluid power
sources.
•Application: For safety in the
event that the main pump can
no longer provide power to
operate emergency devices.
•Direct-acting double-check
valve with a cross-bleed.
•Reverse flow is permitted.
25 March 2021 Slide 57
III. Shuttle Valve / Double Check Valve
Primarily a pneumatic
device and is rarely
found in hydraulic
circuits.
25 March 2021 Slide 58
DCV
 Control/Regulates the Direction.
 Do not change the flow rate.
 Full Open / Full Close.
 Used to select alternate circuits
 To perform logic control functions.
The Directional Control Valve (DCV) is used to pass on the pressure medium
(i.e. flow) in an orderly fashion to a particular direction.
 DCVs determine the path through which a fluid traverses within a
given circuit.
 They establish the direction of motion of a hydraulic cylinder or motor.
 This control of the fluid path is accomplished primarily by check valves,
shuttle valves, and two-way, three-way, four-way directional control
valves.
25 March 2021 Slide 59
Recap - Classification of DCV
25 March 2021 Slide 60
Regenerative Circuit – Drilling Machine Regenerative Circuit – Left mode
Regenerative Cylinder
• Oil from the rod end regenerates
with the pump flow going to the
blank end.
• This effectively increases pump
flow to the blank end of the cylinder
during the spring-centered mode of
operation.

1. Spring-centered position gives rapid

spindle extension (Regenerative)
2. The left envelope mode gives slow
feed (extension) when the drill starts
to cut into the workpiece.
3. The right envelope mode retracts the
piston.
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Regenerative Circuit – Centered Position

THANK YOU !
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25 March 2021 Slide 62