Chapter 4 - Communications Links and Devices

Name: Benjie P. Magallano

Course: BSECE - 5

1. What is the relative dielectric constant of air?

A. 1.00000
B. 1.00060
C. 1.48720
D. 2.00000

2. What is the relative dielectric constant of glass?

A. 3.000
B. 4.000
C. 5.500
D. 7.500

3. What is the approximate velocity factor of vacuum?

A. 0
B. 0.5
C. 1
D. Negligible

4. What is the approximate velocity factor of glass?

A. 1
B. 0.5376
C. 0.4472
D. 0.3651

5. In radio-wave propagation, the frequency normally used for ionospheric transmission is known
as the Optimum Working Frequency (OWF). To determine the OWF, it is just about ______
percent lower than the Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF).
A. 10
B. 15
C. 20
D. 25

6. It takes _____ microseconds for a radio signal to travel one nautical mile.
A. 6.08
B. 6.18
C. 6.80
D. 6.81
7. The velocity of sound in air is directly proportional to an increase in temperature per degree
Celsius. What is the proportionality constant?
A. 0.3
B. 0.4
C. 0.5
D. 0.6

8. In radio-wave propagation, what is the typical upper limit frequency below which ground wave
propagation is very much ideal?
A. 1 Mhz
B. 2 MHz
C. 4 MHz
D. 5 MHz

9. Which of the following frequencies is commonly used in troposcatter propagation of radio

waves?
A. 0.9 GHz
B. 10 GHz
C. 30 GHz
D. > 100 Ghz

10. What is the theoretical gain of the Hertzian dipole?

A. 0 dB
B. 1.76 dB
C. 2.15 dB
D. 3 dB

11. What is the approximate radiation resistance at the feed point of a half-wave dipole antenna?
A. 35 ohms
B. 70 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

12. What is the approximate radiation resistance at the feed point of a turnstile antenna?
A. 35 ohms
B. 70 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

13. What is the approximate radiation resistance at the feed point of a rhombic antenna?
A. 150 ohms
B. 400 ohms
C. 600 ohms
D. 1000 ohms
14. What value represents a typical input resistance a Marconi antenna?
A. 35 ohms
B. 70 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

15. What is the distance between a node and an antinode in transmission lines in terms of
wavelength?
A. ½
B. ¼
C. 1/3
D. 1/5

16. What is the frequency limit of a typical copper wire?

A. Approximately 1 KHz
B. Approximately 1 MHz
C. Approximately 1 GHz
D. None of the above

17. What is the diameter in inch of AWG (American Wire Gauge) 24 wires?
A. 0.01 inches
B. 0.02 inches
C. 0.03 inches
D. 0.04 inches

18. It is a type of balanced line in which there are two parallel lines and have applications in power
lines, rural telephones lines and telegraph lines. This type of transmission line has high losses
and is prone to noise.
A. Twin lead
B. Twisted pair
C. Two-wire open lines
D. Shielded pair

19. Which of the following represents a typical resistance value of open wire lines?
A. 50 ohms
B. 75 ohms
C. 300 ohms
D. 600 ohms

20. What is the typical velocity factor of open-wire lines?

A. 0.6
B. 0.7
C. 0.8
D. 0.9
21. Which of the following represents a typical spacing distance between two conductors in open-
wire transmission lines?
A. 1 in.
B. 3 in
C. 8 in.
D. 10 in.

22. These are parallel lines that are most often used in television connection to their respective
antennas.
A. Twin lead
B. Twisted pair
C. Two-wire open lines
D. Shielded pair

23. It is a transmission line which has parallel conductors separated by a solid dielectric and
surrounded by copper braided tubing.
A. Twin lead
B. Unshielded twisted pair
C. Two-wire open lines
D. Shielded twisted pair

24. What is the typical resistance of unshielded twisted pair cables?

A. 50 ohms
B. 100 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

25. It is the standard that classifies different types of twisted pair transmission lines into different
categories depending on the application, data rate and maximum run distance.
A. EIA/TIA 568
B. EIA/TIA 586
C. EIA/TIA 685
D. EIA/TIA 856

26. Category 2 twisted pair cable according to the EIA standards is normally used for telephone
wires and for Token ring networks. These cables can achieve maximum data rate of _______.
A. 16 kbps
B. 32 kbps
C. 2 Mbps
D. 4 Mbps
27. Category 3 twisted pair is usually designed for applications in simple local area networks. What
is the typical transmission data rate of these cables?
A. 4 Mbps
B. 8 Mbps
C. 16 Mbps
D. 32 Mbps

28. Most modern network cabling is installed according to the EIA/TIA 568 standards. This standard
calls for _____ feet of permanently installed unshielded twisted pair (UTP).
A. 300
B. 500
C. 1000
D. 1500

29. What cable category is usually used in Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) and most modern local
area networks due to its high data rate?
A. CAT 3 UTP Cable
B. CAT 4 UTP Cable
C. CAT 5 UTP Cable
D. CAT 6 UTP Cable

30. What is the maximum data rate specified for Category 5 cables by EIA/TIA 568?
A. 100 Mbps
B. 200 Mbps
C. 500 Mbps
D. 750 Mbps

31. The EIA/TIA 568B is a set of standards that specify the pin/pair assignments of twisted pair
cables to its corresponding connector. In what year was the EIA/TIA 568B, which is the updated
version of the EIA/TIA 568A, published?
A. 1999
B. 2000
C. 2001
D. 2002

32. In what year was the pioneering cable standard set EIA/TIA 568A published?
A. 1991
B. 1992
C. 1993
D. 1995
33. Category 5 UTP Cable is used in Ethernet cabling and uses unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable.
How many pairs of wires are there in Category 5?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

34. What is the primary color assigned and designated as pair 1 in Category 5 cables?
A. Blue
B. Orange
C. Brown
D. Green

35. What is the primary color assigned and designated as pair 4 in Category 5 cables?
A. Blue
B. Orange
C. Brown
D. Green

36. What is the modular connector type used in Category 5 cable terminations and is formally
known as the 8P8C (8 Position 8 Contact) connector?
A. RJ-11
B. RJ-32
C. RJ-45
D. RJ-59

37. Following the EIA/TIA 568B standard, what is the color of the wire terminated to pin 1 of the
8P8C modular connector?
A. Orange
B. White and Orange stripe
C. Blue
D. White and Blue stripe

38. Following the EIA/TIA 568A standard, what is the color of the wire terminated to pin 1 of the
8P8C modular connector?
A. Green
B. White and Green stripe
C. Brown
D. White and Brown stripe

39. Which among the primary colors for the Category 5 cables is usually reserved for spare?
A. Orange
B. Blue
C. Green
D. Brown
40. What is the pin number of 8P8C modular connector assigned to color brown according to the
EIA/TIA 568B standard? Ans. Pin 8
A. Pin 3
B. Pin 4
C. Pin 5
D. Pin 6

41. How many turns per inch are usually applied for Category 5 twisted pair cables?
A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16

42. Category 6 UTP cable normally has _____ twisted pair.

A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

43. What is the maximum data transmission rate of Category 6 cables? Ans. 1Gbps
A. 100 Mbps
B. 250 Mbps
C. 400 Mbps
D. 550 Mbps

44. What is the typical wire size used in shielded twisted pairs as specified in the EIA/TIA 568
standards?
A. AWG 16
B. AWG 20
C. AWG 22
D. AWG 24

45. What is the typical resistance of shielded twisted pair cables?

A. 50 ohms
B. 100 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

46. The cable type used in CCTV that has a maximum run-length of 250 meters.
A. RG-6
B. RG-11
C. RG-59
D. URM-70
47. An interface used in CCTV is the RS485 interface. It is designed to support up to how many
devices in one twisted pair?
A. 16
B. 32
C. 64
D. 128

48. What is the typical range of the velocity factor of coaxial cable?
A. 0.6 to 0.8
B. 0.8 to 0.85
C. 0.9 to 0.95
D. 0.90 to 0.99

49. What is the characteristic impedance of an RG-59/U type cable?

A. 50 ohms
B. 75 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

50. What is the typical loss of an RG-59 coaxial cable per 100 meters at 5 Mhz?
A. 1.1 dB
B. 1.6 dB
C. 2.25 dB
D. 3.46 dB

51. What I the characteristic impedance of an RG-11 cable?

A. 50 ohms
B. 75 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

52. What is the typical minimum length of RG-11 coaxial cable?

A. 100 meters
B. 350 metes
C. 700 meters
D. 1500 meters

53. What is the characteristic impedance of an RG-58/U type cable?

A. 50 ohms
B. 75 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms
54. What is the characteristic impedance of an RG-8/U cable, which is often used in radio
transmitters?
A. 50 ohms
B. 75 ohms
C. 150 ohms
D. 300 ohms

55. What is the typical impedance specified for RG-62/U cables?

A. 75 ohms
B. 93 ohms
C. 135 ohms
D. 300 ohms

56. What is the typical impedance of a standard RG-174 cable?

A. 23 ohms
B. 38 ohms
C. 50 ohms
D. 73 ohms

57. What is the standard connector used for coaxial cables that are threaded and can be screwed on
or off for connection?
A. P-connector
B. N-connector
C. BNC connector
D. RJ-11

58. For an RS-232C cable, what is the recommended length?

A. 50 feet
B. 50 meters
C. 100 feet
D. 100 meters

59. RS-232C uses how many circuits for protocol handshaking?

A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 11

60. RS-232D connector has 25 pins. What pin number is unassigned with any circuit name?
A. 10
B. 11
C. 12
D. 13
61. Which pin for RS-232 are reserved for testing?
A. 9 and 10
B. 9 and 15
C. 10 and 20
D. 18 and 20

62. What is the cable commonly used by the 10 and 100 Mbps Ethernet installation?
A. Fiber cable
B. Parallel wire
C. Coaxial cable
D. ISTP

63. Coaxial cable are not used beyond frequencies about _____.
A. 6 MHz
B. 6 GHz
C. 10 MHz
D. 10 GHz

64. Cable modems are used in cable TV systems and provide data rates of typically between
A. 3 and 50 Mbps
B. 5 and 10 Mbps
C. 20 and 50 Mbps
D. 3 and 25 Mbps

65. The standard RJ-11 connector used for telephone wires can hold how many wires?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 16

66. In a rectangular waveguide used for microwave links, it is the mode of propagation wherein the
electric field is perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.
A. Transverse Electric
B. Transverse Magnetic
C. Transverse Electric-Magnetic
D. A and C only

67. In a rectangular waveguide used for microwave links, it is the mode of propagation wherein the
electric field is perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.
A. Transverse Electric
B. Transverse Magnetic
C. Transverse Electric-Magnetic
D. A and C only
68. It refers to the speed of transmission of signal along a waveguide.
A. Group velocity
B. Phase velocity
C. Communications speed
D. Propagation delay

69. It is the apparent speed of propagation along a waveguide based on the distance between
wavefronts along the waveguide’s walls.
A. Group velocity
B. Phase velocity
C. Communications speed
D. Propagation delay

70. Klystrons are used in microwave communication systems and is characterized by its high
microwave power output levels. Power klystrons have peak power levels exceeding _________
megawatts.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40

71. What is the aspect ratio of standard rectangular waveguide?

A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 3:4
D. 4:3

72. What is the common intermediate frequency for both the up-converter and down-converter in
microwave communications?
A. 45 MHz
B. 60 MHz
C. 70 MHz
D. 100 MHz

73. What is frequency of the waveguides operating in the D band for microwave communication
systems?
A. 1.7 to 2.8 GHz
B. 1.8 to 2.6 GHz
C. 2.2 to 3.3 GHz
D. 3.3 to 4.2 GHz

74. Which of the following colors has the shortest wavelength?

A. Blue
B. Red
C. Yellow
D. Green
75. What is the wavelength of visible light?
A. 200 to 660 nm
B. 400 to 750 nm
C. 300 to 850 nm
D. 700 to 1200 nm

76. What is the wavelength range for near infrared?

A. 580 to 780 nm
B. 780 to 1450 nm
C. 1500 to 6500 nm
D. 6500 to 15000 nm

77. Which of the following represents a frequency for ultraviolet light in the electromagnetic
spectrum?
A. 1 x 10 14 Hz
B. 3 x 10 14 Hz
C. 5 x 10 14 Hz
D. 8 x 10 14 Hz

78. The unit “lux” is used in the measurement of light and light intensity. 10 lux is approximately
equal to ______
A. 10 lambert
B. 1 foot-candle
C. 1 lumen
D. 10 foot-candles

79. The internationally recognized unit Angstrom, often used for very small physical dimensions, is
named after which scientist?
A. John Angstrom
B. Ritcher Angstrom
C. Anders Angstrom
D. Paul Angstrom

80. How many nanometers are there in 1 Angstrom?

A. 0.01 nm
B. 0.1 nm
C. 1 nm
D. 10 nm

81. 10 micron is equal to _____ Angstroms.

A. 0.0001
B. 0.00001
C. 10,000
D. 100,000
82. Who patented the apparatus that can transmit light from one point to another point using pipes
with reflective linings in 1861?
A. William Wheeler
B. Clarence Hansell
C. Heinrich Lamm
D. Claude Chappe

83. Who invented the first optical telegraphs in France in 1790?

A. Arthur Schawlow
B. Clarence Hansell
C. Charles Townes
D. Claude Chappe

84. Who demonstrated that lights can be used to carry voice through the air without wires by
reproducing these voices through the detection of the variations in the amount of sunlight or
artificial light reaching a receiver?
A. Charles Townes
B. Heinrich Lamm
C. Alexander Graham Bell
D. Norman French

85. In 1956, who was responsible for producing the first glass-clad fibers by melting a tube of low-
index glass onto a rod of high-index glasses?
A. Brian O’Brien
B. Larry Curtiss
C. Moller Hansen
D. Charles Kao

86. Who is considered as the “Father of Fiber Optic”?

A. Brian O’Brien
B. Larry Curtiss
C. Moller Hansen
D. Charles Kao

87. What is the typical index of refraction of glasses

A. 1.0
B. 1.33
C. 1.50
D. 1.71

88. What is the exact refractive index of air at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure?
A. 1.00000
B. 1.00028
C. 1.00035
D. 1.00073
89. What is the standard diameter of telecommunication fibers with cladding?
A. 62.5 micrometers
B. 125 micormeters
C. 250 micormeters
D. 300 micormeters

98. What is the typical light transmitter used for all plastic clad fiber?
A. Visible red LED
B. Near Infrared LED
C. Semiconductor laser
D. InGaAsP lasers

99. GaAs LEDs and lasers operate at what wavelength?

A. 350 to 700 nm
B. 750 to 900 nm
C. 1100 to 1300 nm
D. 1300 to 1600 nm

100. InGaAsP lasers operate at what range of frequency?

A. 350 to 700 nm
B. 750 to 900 nm
C. 1100 to 1300 nm
D. 1300 to 1600 nm

101. Which of the following semiconductor materials used in the manufacturing of light sources
operate in wavelengths greater than 1700 nanometers?
A. AlGalnP
B. GalnP
C. InGaAsP
D. InGaAsSb

102. What is the spectral width of standard LEDs?

A. 1 to 3 nm
B. 3 to 15 nm
C. 15 to 30 nm
D. 30 to 50 nm

103. What is the spectral width of injection lasers?

A. 1 to 3 nm
B. 3 to 15 nm
C. 15 to 30 nm
D. 30 to 50 nm
104. It refers to the first electronic cable using coaxial cables that crossed the Atlantic Ocean in
1956.
A. COAX TAT-1
B. TAT-1
C. ATL-1
D. COAX-1

105. The TAT-6, a system of submarine telecommunications cable that crossed Atlantic Ocean in
1976, carried how many voice circuits? Ans. 4000
A. 1000
B. 2000
C. 3000
D. 8000

106. It was the first fiber optic-based submarine telecommunications cable that crossed the Atlantic
Ocean in 1980.
A. TAT-8
B. TAT-9
C. TAT-10
D. TAT-11

107. What is the total capacity (in Mbit/s) of TAT-8, a system of submarine cables using fiber optics?
A. 550
B. 1100
C. 1550
D. 220

108. Standard single-mode fiber has zero dispersion at _____ micrometers, where material
dispersion and waveguide dispersion cancel each other.
A. 1.21
B. 1.25
C. 1.31
A. D.1.59

109. What is the standard that addresses the optical-fiber color-coding scheme?
A. TIA-568
B. TIA-578
C. TIA-588
D. TIA-598
110. Optical fiber no. 2 has what color in the TIA 598 standard?
A. Blue
B. Orange
C. Yello
D. Red
111. Optical fiber no.3 has what color in the TIA 598 standard?
A. Brown
B. Green
C. Purple
D. Aqua

112. Optical fiber no.10 has what color in the TIA 598 standard?
A. Brown
B. Green
C. Purple
D. Aqua

113. Optical fiber no.12 has what color in the TIA 598 standard?
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Purple
D. Aqua

114. If the optical fiber is colored black, what is the fiber type or fiber number?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8

115. What is the fiber number of a multi-core fiber colored white and black?
A. 11
B. 12
C. C.14
D. 18

116. What is the typical temperature range for fiber optical cable installation?
A. 0 to 60 degrees Celsius
B. 60 to 70 degrees Celsius
C. 20 to 30 degrees Celsius
D. 50 to 65 degrees Celsius

117. What is the typical storage temperature range for fiber optical cable installation?
A. -30 to 70 degrees Celsius
B. -40 to 80 degrees Celsius
C. 0 to 40 degrees Celsius
D. 0 to 60 degrees Celsius
118. What is the typical outside diameter of the primary coating of optical fibers?
A. 200 to 600 microns
B. 200 to 650 microns
C. 250 to 750 microns
E. 250 to 900 microns

119. What is the typical diameter of an external direct burial optical fibers?
A. 12.8 mm
B. 14.8 mm
C. 16.2 mm
F. 18.2 mm

120. What is the standard diameter for the cladding used in single-mode step-index fiber used in
communications today?
A. 125 micrometers
B. 200 micrometers
C. 250 micrometers
G. 300 micrometers

121. Optical fibers used for communications are typically about _____ think and consist of a glass
core, a glass cladding and a protective coating.
A. 5 mils
B. 6 mils
C. 7 mils
D. 8 mils

122. What is the average loss in fiber splices used in optical fiber systems?
A. 0.10 dB
B. 0.15 dB
C. 0.20 dB
D. 0.25 dB

123. How much is the typical power loss of a fusion splice?

A. 0.01 dB or less
B. 0.1 dB or less
C. 1 dB or less
D. 10 dB or less

124. Bendable fibers that have been recently standardized can be bent with a radio of as low as
_____ mm without adverse impact.
A. 4.5
B. 5.5
C. 6.5
D. 7.5
125. What is the standard bending radius during fiber cable installation for external armored fiber
cables?
A. 50 mm
B. 175 mm
C. 250 mm
D. 350 mm

126. In loose tube fiber cable design, the optic fiber is up to _____ % longer than the tube.
A. 0.5
B. 1.0
C. 5.0
D. 10.0

127. What is the average maximum distance between repeaters in a fiber optic system?
A. 6.215 to 14.65 miles
B. 6.215 to 18.65 miles
C. 6.215 to 30.65 miles
D. 6.215 to 55 miles

128. Fiber optic cable is much lighter, weighing less than __4__ pounds per 1000 feet.
A. 2
B. 10
C. 50
D. 100

129. In accordance with the ITU specifications, the cut-off wavelength of a single- mode fiber is
from ____ to ____ nm.
A. 1100, 1280
B. 1125, 1150
C. 1225, 1250
D. 1280, 1300

130. Which of the following fiber optic windows is popular because it is easier to install and is less
expensive?
A. 850 nm
B. 1100 nm
C. 1300 nm
D. 1550 nm

131. In fiber optics, it is a fiber that can be used for short, low-speed networks with a core diameter
for about 1 mm.
A. Multi-mode fiber
B. Single-mode fiber
C. Plastic optical fiber
D. None of the above
132. Multi-mode fibers have higher light-gathering capacity than single-mode fibers, thus requiring
just simple LED sources and not expensive laser sources. What are the typical wavelengths of
the LEDs used as a source for multi-mode fibers?
A. 850 nm and 1300 nm
B. 850 nm and 1550 nm
C. 1300 nm and 1550 nm
D. 850 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm

133. Single-mode fibers are typically used in telephony and CATV applications. It uses laser sources
with what wavelengths?
A. 850 nm and 1300 nm
B. 850 nm and 1550 nm
C. 1300 nm and 1550 nm
D. 850 nm, 1300 nm and 1550 nm

134. In accordance with ITU specifications, the rate of dispersion with wavelength for a single-mode
fiber must be less than ____ ps/nm2/km
A. 0.075
B. 0,75
C. 0.095
D. 0.95

135. What is the high frequency range of an optical signal amplifier?

A. 30 Hz to 500 MHz
B. 500 MHz to 5 GHz
C. 300 MHz to 50 GHz
D. 20 GHz to 50 GHz

136. Very short range (VSR) is a physical layer specification for a parallel fiber optic connection
operating up to 10 Gbps over a short distance of _____ meters or less.
A. 100
B. 200
C. 300
D. 500

137. What international standard for structured cabling concentrates on systems and methods?
A. ISO
B. IEC
C. ITU-T
D. ITU-R

138. What international standard writes the optical connector and all the test standards?
A. ISO
B. IEC
C. ITU-T
D. ITU-R
139. What is the IEC laser classification where visible lasers with light output within the visible
spectrum of 400 to 700 nm can be found?
A. Class 1
B. Class 2
C. Class 3
D. Class 4

140. What is the IEC laser classification is very dangerous that even reflections are hazardous and
the direct beam can cause fires and skin injury?
A. Class 1
B. Class 2
C. Class 3
D. Class 4

141. What laser specification is quoted only in typical value?

A. Spectral width
B. Wavelength
C. Threshold current
D. Rise and fall time

142. The operating temperature of lasers in fiber optics is typically from ____ to ____ degrees
Celsius.
A. -10, 65
B. -15, 100
C. 0,20
D. 0, 75

143. What is the normal operating current of lasers used in fiber optics?
A. 30 mA
B. 50 mA
C. 70 mA
D. 90 mA

144. The threshold current is the lowest current at which the laser operates. What is its typical
value?
A. 30 mA
B. 50 mA
C. 70 mA
D. 90 mA

145. What is the typical response time of light detectors used in fiber optics?
A. 1.5 ns
B. 2.5 ns
C. 3.5 ns
D. 4.5 ns
146. In fiber optics, _____ size cables have counts increasing in multiples of 6 or 8 to give typical
sizes of 12,18,24,30 and 36.
A. small
B. medium
C. large
D. full

147. What fiber cable is always tightly buffered?

A. Glass optic fiber
B. Plastic optic fiber
C. Plastic clad slice fiber
D. Silica clad plastic fiber

148. Which of the following is not a typical count of small fiber optic cables?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 10

149. Optical connectors are used to terminate optical fibers. What refers to a common snap-in
connector that is used in single-mode systems? This type of connector latches with a simple
push-pull motion and is very popular in data communications and telephone communications
applications.
A. ST connector
B. SC connector
C. LC connector
D. FC connector

150. The SC optical connector is specified by what International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
standard?
A. IEC 61754-4
B. IEC 61754-6
C. IEC 61754-18
D. IEC 61754-23

151. It is an optical connector that uses a 1.25-mm ferrule, which is about half the size of an ST
optical connector. It is also a snap-in type connector.
A. ST connector
B. SC connector
C. LC connector
D. FC connector
152. The LC optical connector is specified by what International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
standard?
A. IEC 61754-18
B. IEC 61754-20
C. IEC 61754-23
D. IEC 61754-36

153. It is an optical connector that is an AT&T trademark and has been the most popular connector
for multimode networks. However, this type of connector has lost its popularity as SC and LC
connectors gain in market share.
A. EC connector
B. MT connector
C. MIC connector
D. ST connector

154. The ST connector is specific by the IEC _____ standard.

A. 61754-1
B. 61754-2
C. 61754-3
D. 61754-6

155. It is a duplex optical connector with both fibers in a single polymer ferrule. This optical
connector is specified by the IEC 61754-18 standard.
A. MT-RJ
B. MIC
C. Fiber gate
D. DMI

156. The MU optical connector, which stands for miniature unit, is similar to an SC connector but
smaller and is popular in Japan. It is specified by what IEC standard?
A. 61754-1
B. 61754-2
C. 61754-3
D. 61754-6

157. The MU optical connector has ____ ferrule.

A. 1.25 mm
B. 1.5 mm
C. 2.25 mm
D. 2.50 mm
158. The MIC or Media Interface Connector is an optical connector that is commonly used in Fixed
Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). What is the ferrule diameter for an MIC?
A. 1.25 mm
B. 1.75 mm
C. 2.25 mm
D. 2.50 mm

159. The LX-5 optical connector is specified by what IEC standard?

A. IEC 61754-18
B. IEC 61754-20
C. IEC 61754-23
D. IEC 61754-36

160. The F-3000 optical connector, with a 1.25 mm ferrule is specified by what IEC standard?
A. IEC 61754-18
B. IEC 61754-20
C. IEC 61754-23
D. IEC 61754-36

161. It is a technique of sending signals of several different wavelengths of light into the fiber
simultaneously.
A. Frequency division multiplexing
B. Space division multiplexing
C. Wavelength division multiplexing
D. Both A and C.

162. In fiber optics, VSR or Very Short Reach is a physical-layer specification that operates up at up
to 10 GHz over distances of less than ____ meters.
A. 300
B. 500
C. 700
D. 900

163. An example of standardized multiplexing protocol used in telecommunications is SONET or

Synchronous Optical Network. In what part of the world is this protocol commonly used?
A. Europe
B. Japan
C. Middle East
D. United States

164. The fundamental frame in Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) is known as the Synchronous
Transport Signal - Level 1 (STS-1). What are the dimensions of this frame in bytes?
A. 9 bytes tall, 90 bytes wide
B. 9 bytes tall, 89 bytes wide
C. 9 bytes tall, 88 bytes wide
D. 9 bytes tall, 87 bytes wide
165. In Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), the transport overhead, which includes the line
overhead and the section overhead, can be found on what part of the SONET frame?
A. First 2 columns
B. First 3 columns
C. Final 86 columns
D. Final 87 columns

166. What is the line rate for STS-1 SONET frame format?
A. 51.84 Mbps
B. 103.68 Mbps
C. 155.52 Mbps
D. 311.04 Mbps

167. What is the line rate for OC-1 or SONET Optical Carrier Level 1?
A. 25.92 Mbps
B. 51.84 Mbps
C. 103.68 Mbps
D. 155.52 Mbps

168. What is the line rate for STS-3 SONET frame format?
A. 25.92 Mbps
B. 51.84 Mbps
C. 103.68 Mbps
D. 155.52 Mbps

169. What is the line rate for OC-3 or SONET Optical Carrier Level 3?
A. 25.92 Mbps
B. 51.84 Mbps
C. 103.68 Mbps
D. 155.52 Mbps

170. A SONET frame is usually transmitted at how many times per second?
A. 4000 times per second
B. 8000 times per second
C. 16000 times per second
D. 32000 times per second

171. Since SONET has an overall bit rate of 51.84 Mbps, it is perfectly adequate for what North
American Digital Hierarchy standard?
A. DS-0
B. DS-1
C. DS-2
D. DS-3
172. Virtual tributaries (VT) occur in SONET frames when the frames are modified and chopped into
smaller payloads for transport of lower bandwidth signals. What is the bandwidth or capacity
of VT1.5?
A. 1.728 Mbps
B. 2.304 Mbps
C. 3.456 Mbps
D. 6.912 Mbps

173. What type of Virtual Tributary (VT) in SONET has a bandwidth of 3.456 Mbps?
A. VT2
B. VT3
C. VT6
D. VT12

174. What type of Virtual Tributary (VT) in SONET has a bandwidth of 6.912 Mbps?
A. VT2
B. VT3
C. VT6
D. VT12

175. What type of Virtual Tributary (VT) in SONET is used to carry 2.048-Mbps European E-1 signals
since it has a capacity of 2.304 Mbps?
A. VT2
B. VT3
C. VT6
D. VT12

176. What type of Virtual Tributary (VT) in SONET is used to carry 1.544-Mbps T-1 signals since it has
a capacity of 1.728 Mbps?
A. VT1
B. VT1.5
C. VT2
D. VT2.5
177. What is the timing scheme used in SONET?
A. Isochronous
B. Synchronous
C. Plesiochronous
D. Asynchronous

178. If the size of a Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) frame is 9x90 bytes, what is the size of a
basic Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) frame?
A. 9 bytes tall, 90 bytes wide
B. 9 bytes tall, 180 bytes wide
C. 9 bytes tall, 270 bytes wide
D. None of the above
179. In a 270 column SDH frame, how many columns are allotted for payload?
A. 260 columns
B. 261 columns
C. 262 columns
D. 263 columns

180. In telecommunications, SONET can transport sub-rate payloads called virtual tributaries. What
is the equivalent of this in SDH systems?
A. Same as SONET (virtual tributaries)
B. Virtual containers
C. Sub-rate containers
D. Partitioned containers

181. SONET and SDH are almost identical technologies in telecommunications that provides globally
standardized transmission systems for high-speed data. In which continent is SDH commonly
used?
A. North America
B. South America
C. Europe
D. Asia

182. What is the fundamental data rate of STM-1 SDH frame format?
A. 51.84 Mbps
B. 155.52 Mbps
C. 311.04 Mbps
D. 622.08 Mbps

183. SDH STM-1, since it operates at a rate of 155.52 Mbps, is similar to the SONET ______
A. STS-1
B. STS-2
C. STS-3
D. STS-4

184. Typically, an SDH signal should have a bandwidth of how many times larger than the
fundamental SONET signal?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

185. How many columns in a basic SDH frame are allotted for overhead?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
186. The overhead capacity of STM-1 (SDH) is how many times larger than the overhead capacity of
STS-1?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

187. It replaced the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) in transporting telephone traffic.
A. SDH
B. MMDS
C. SONET
D. ATM

188. Asynchronous Optical Network is US fiber optic communications network interface that has the
capability of transmitting high data rate described as synchronous ____ Mbps fiber optic
transmission system.
A. 2460
B. 2640
C. 2540
D. 2450

189. What is the transport capacity of SONET virtual tributary (VT1.5) frame?
A. 1.728 Mbps
B. 1.738 Mbps
C. 1.544 Mbps
D. 2.048 Mbps

190. This method was developed to replace the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) system for
transporting large amounts of telephone and data traffic to allow interoperability between
equipment and different vendors.
A. MMDS
B. SDH
C. ATM
D. SONET

191. What is the major difference between the North American SONET and ITU-T’s SDH?
A. Data format
B. Data frame length
C. Data rate for multiplexing
D. Data overhead bytes

192. In synchronous network, what is the recognized international standard?

A. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
B. Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
C. Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
D. Synchronous Digital Network (SDH)
193. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a technology originally designed for use in wide area
network that is not often used in backbone networks. What is another name for ATM?
A. Cell transfer
B. Cell switch
C. Cell relay
D. Cell connection

194. Which ATM class of service means that the data transmission rate in the circuit will vary and
that the application is tolerant of delays?
A. VBR-NRT
B. VBR-RT
C. ABR
D. None of the above

195. Which ATM class of service means that the data transmission rate in the circuit will vary but all
the cells received must be switched immediately upon arrival because the devices on the
opposite ends of the circuit are waiting for the transmission and expect to receive it in a timely
fashion?
A. VBR-NRT
B. VBR-RT
C. ABR
D. UBR

196. What asynchronous transfer mode service is used for video, voice and distance learning
applications where timing is important?
A. Available Bit Rate (ABR)
B. Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
C. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
D. Non real-time Variable Bit Rate (NRT-VBR)

197. What asynchronous transfer mode service is used where no service guarantees are required,
such as for e-mail and file transfer?
A. Available Bit Rate (ABR)
B. Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
C. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
D. Non real-time Variable Bit Rate (NRT-VBR)

198. What asynchronous transfer mode service is used for applications having end-systems that can
recover from variable traffic rats and small cell losses?
A. Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
B. Real-time Variable Bit Rate (RT-VBR)
C. Non real-time Variable Bit Rate (NRT-VBR)
D. Specified Bit Rate
199. What asynchronous transfer mode service is used for applications that require data transfer
and distributed file service?
A. Available Bit Rate (ABR)
B. Constant Bit Rate (CBR)
C. Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR)
D. Non real-time Variable Bit Rate (NRT-VBR)

200. What is the rate of digital communication that is achievable with single-mode step-index fiber?
A. 2 Megabytes
B. 5 Megabytes
C. 2 Gigabytes
D. 5 Gigabytes