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Professor Johnathan A. Fisher

G-Technical Composition
ENGL-1210-103W
San Juan College Online TBA/ASYNC

Dear Professor Fisher:

I am submitting my cover letter about Welding with Shielded Metal Arc Welding
(SMAW) process in four different positions.

My report is on four basic welding positions with (SMAW) process. In the 2G, 4G,
3F/3G Down-Hill and Up-Hill positions. With tips about how to avoid burn
through, too much slag, avoid undercut and more. I’ll talk about the trains needed
for welding and how to watch and what to see when welding. What travel angles
you need for each type of weld positions.

Thank you for your time Professor Fisher, I’ve would like to hear back from you
and course of what I can improve on. I am happy to be learning about life scenario
situation.

Sincerely,

- AJ
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Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process

in four basic welding positions-
2G, 3G UP-HILL, 3G DOWN-HILL, 4G OVERHEAD
By Arnell Joe
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Submitted to
Professor Johnathan A. Fisher
G-Technical Composition
ENGL-1210-103W
San Juan College Online TBA/ASYNC

By

Arnell Joe
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Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………5
1.1 Purpose of the Report……………………………………………………………………..………………………………..5

1.2 Background of the Report………………………………………………………………..………………………………..5

1.3 Scope of the Report……………………………………………………………………………………………………………5

2.0: Horizontal Position 2F/2G………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6

2.1 Avoid Undercut…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6

2.2 Clean Slag After Welds………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6

2.3 Travel Angle………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6

3.0: Vertical Position Down-Hill 3F/3G…………………………………………………………………………………………………..7

3.1 Intro………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….7

3.2 Travel Angle………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7

3.3 Stay ahead of the Weld Pool……………………………………………………………………………………………….7

4.0: Vertical Position Up-Hill 3F/3G……………………………………………………………………………………………………….8

4.1 Travel Angle………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

4.2 Control the Weld Pool…………………………………………………………………………………………………………8

4.3 Weld Sizes…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..8

5.0: Overhead Position 4F/4G……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9

5.1 Beginning……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9

5.2 Travel Angle………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……..9

5.3 Protective Clothing……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9

6.0 Conclusion………………………………………………………...………………………..10
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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Purpose of the Report

Demonstrate your ability to use the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process to create acceptable
welds on three basic welding positions either a fillet or groove weld.

1.2 Background of the Report

The Shielded metal are welding (SMAW) requires a welding power supply, flux coated electrodes,
cables, a welding helmet, and protective clothing. The equipment required is relatively inexpensive. There
are a number of variables that must be controlled to make a good weld. The main variables are: Arc
length, Travel speed, Travel and work angles, and Electrode motion.

1.3 Scope of the Report

The report covers your ability to create good fillet or groove welds in four basic welding
position. And how to controlled the weld pool to create acceptable welds for construction,
transportation, maintenance, petrochemical, agriculture and many more. As a welder I love what
I do and gaining knowledge or having a project for specific type of welds is always a great help
to me.
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2.0: Horizontal Position (2F-Fillet Weld/2G-Groove Weld)

2.1: When you’re welding in the horizontal position remember your playing with gravity so after
you strike your arc keep your electrode pointed upward at an angle of about 15-20 degrees.
Undercutting is usually the result of excess current for the size of the electrode used, or poor
electrode motion. Stop momentarily at the upper end of each motion or swing of the
electrode. This will deposit additional metal at the top and bottom edges of the weld bead and
will help to eliminate undercutting.
2.2: When the electrode is angled this way, the arc force counteracts slags from the molten metal
in the weld pool. Clean off slag right after each weld, either with an grinder or hand bush. And
have a chipping hammer by your side as well.

2.3: The drag angle is 15-20 degrees. The motion used is usually some type of backward slanting
weave motion. This means the electrode holder end of the electrode is leading the welding end of
the electrode.
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3.0: Vertical Position (3F-Fillet Weld Down-Hill/3G-Groove Weld DownHill)

3.1: Welding in the vertical position this may be done in either two different directions. As a
welder you may weld down-hill (some-times) or as known as “vertical down” or up-hill as we
will discuss in (4.0) below. When the arc is started the electrode slag or flux has a tendency to
run into the molten weld pool. To avoid this, welding at a speed fast enough to stay ahead of the
molten slag or flux.

3.2: Your electrode is pointed upward at 20-45 degrees.

3.3: Remember with down-hill welding, there is danger of having the falling slag or flux mix
with molten metal.
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4.0: Vertical Position (3F-Fillet Weld Up-Hill/3G-Groove Weld Up-Hill)

4.1: The up-hill or as known as “vertical up” method of welding is generally preferred. A pushed
travel angle of about 15-20 degrees is used and about a 45- degree work angle.

4.2: Controlling the metal in the weld pool is key for up-hill. If your metal becomes too hot,
or the weld pool becomes too wide, the molten metal may drip down and out of the weld. To
control the weld pool heat, you must allow the metal time to cool using a whipping motion, the
electrode end cannot be raised too far or the arc will stop.

4.3: All vertical welds should have the same appearance as welds done in the flat welding
position. The bead must be straight with a uniform width. The weld bead must be properly fused,
with no overlap or undercutting. The ripples of the bead should be uniform and lastly the face of
the weld should have required contour.
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5.0: Overhead Position (4F-Fillet Weld/4G-Groove Weld)

5.1: Overhead arc welding is generally the most difficult welding position. It can also be
dangerous for a welder who is not wearing the correct protective clothing. Beginners should
practice making beads in the overhead welding position before attempting to weld seams.

5.2: The angles of the electrode are similar to those in the horizontal welding position. Make sure
to give yourself room to move, and have keep your 15-20 degree drag angle. To keep the metal
in the metal pool from overheating, a whipping motion is used.

5.3: A welder’s helmet, cap, leather cape or coat, and good-quality leather gloves should be worn
when overhead welding. Coveralls must be bottomed at the collar and all pockets should have
closed flaps on them. You don’t want to get burn.
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Conclusion 6.0
My report has given the recommended angles and how to weld with Shielded metal
arc welding (SMAW) process using an electrode (E6010) in four basic positions.
Section 2.0 is all about welding in the horizontal position, just remember your
playing with gravity so after you strike your arc keep your electrode pointed
upward at an angle of about 15-20 degrees. I’ve started welding for two years now,
having notes for your type weld is great help. In section 3.0 we discuss welding in
vertical position down-hill. There is danger of having the falling slag or flux mix
with molten metal. To avoid this, welding at a speed fast enough to stay ahead of
the molten slag or flux. Vertical down-hill welding is my personal favorite,
because it’s the “easy” weld out of the rest, well for me. The report section 4.0 we
also discuss welding in the vertical position up-hill. With vertical up-hill welding.
Controlling the metal in the weld pool is key for up-hill. Allow welds time to cool
down if your metal is heating up too much, remember heat travel upwards. And
Lastly 5.0, in this section the keys to overhead welding is wearing the correct
protective clothing, Your travel angels, and works angles are similar to 2G
position, and a whipping motion is used to keep the weld pool enough to control.
I’ve hope I can give any good tips or have answer any questions that you may have
for welding with SMAW process.