There are three types of LNG Storage based on their containment:

• Single Containment Tank (SCT)

Double Containment Tank (DCT)
• Full Containment Tank (FCT)

Single Containment Tank (SCT)

SCT is the most conventional type of LNG storage tank. The SCT is composed of a metallic material
suitable for cryogenic applications on the inside of the tank (usually an alloy consisting of 9% nickel
on an economic basis) designed to withstand LNG. While on the outside it consists of carbon steel
metal which is designed to accommodate natural gas vapor up to a pressure of 2.5 psig. The design
pressure can be increased by additional engineering of the top of the roof of the tank to the walls of
the tank. This engineering can improve tank performance but will increase the construction cost of
the tank.

SCT is an LNG tank that is used by most LNG facilities in the world, including one of them is Badak
LNG which uses an LNG storage tank type SCT

Now for the advantages of SCT, they are:

• In general, SCT is the type of LNG storage tank which requires the lowest construction cost per
cubic meter of tank volume.
• Construction schedule is the fastest, the schedule for engineering and construction can be
accelerated by several months compared to other types of LNG storage tanks which have a standard
schedule.
• In the event of a leak or spill of LNG from the inside of the tank. The outer tank cannot
accommodate LNG leaks and spills so that the steam will be free to enter the environment.
Double Containment Tank (DCT)
  Double Containment Tank (DCT)

This type of double containment tank is actually a type of single containment tank which is
surrounded by a wall attached to the outer tank but not to the roof of the tank. This wall is designed
to withstand spills or leaks but does not hold back steam from its natural gas. Like the SCT, the DCT
inner tank is made of a metal alloy which is resistant to cryogenic applications, the outer tank of
carbon steel not designed to withstand leaks. In addition to the outer tank, the design of the DCT
also includes an outer tank wall which has the same function as the secondary hold on the SCT type
LNG tank. The outer cladding is designed like a cylindrical support structure that surrounds the outer
tank and can accommodate the full capacity of the tank itself plus additions for safety reasons.

Some of the advantages of this type of DCT are:

• Has moderate installation costs. More expensive than SCT but cheaper than FCT.
• Approval of the DCT design may be made in the future.
• High resistance to outside interference due to lining walls.
While some of the disadvantages are:

Deficiency :
• When a leak occurs, the spill will indeed be contained but not with natural gas vapor because the
lining wall does not have a roof so that natural gas vapor will be free to enter the environment.
• Same design pressure as SCT. This must be balanced with the size and cost of the steam control
system which is more expensive than the FCT.
• Requires soil bearing and requires a foundation that can withstand high loads due to the weight of
the outer lining
Full Containment Tank (FCT)

LNG storage tank type full containment tanks or FCT has the same inner tank and outer tank
specifications as SCT and DCT. The thing that makes the FCT different from the others is that the
design pressure has been increased to 4.3 psig. The lining of this tank has also covered all parts of
the outer tank. FCT can withstand LNG leakage and can also keep natural gas vapor from escaping
into the environment. This design has been used by the new North American LNG import terminal,
whose approval is still under review. This FCT design has also been planned and planned and is
under construction at several LNG facilities in the United States, such as: Corpus Christi, Sabine,
Cameron, Porth Arthur, Waterbury and also Mexico's LNG terminal on Costa Azul.

The advantages of LNG Storage tank type FCT:

• High design integration. In the event of an LNG leak, the FCT tank can withstand the LNG spill as
well as hold natural gas vapor from escaping into the environment.
• There is no penetration gap. All piping systems go through the roof. So when an LNG leak occurs in
the pipe, the LNG from the tank does not spill out.
• Has the closest safe distance from the tank which makes the required land area very narrow. The
land that has to be controlled by personnel is also minimal.
Deficiency :
Besides that, there are disadvantages of this type of FCT:

• Construction cost per cubic meter is the largest compared to the two previous types.
• In general, FCT is the LNG storage tank which requires the longest design and construction time. At
least 36 months after the construction contract is approved.
• Requires soil bearings and foundations that are resistant to heavier loads than the previous two
types of tanks because FCT has wall cladding and roof coating.
• Same tank profile as SCT and DCT.