Assignment

Course Code:-GED 3606

Course Title:-Introduction To Sociology

Submission Date:- 5.09.2020

Submitted To

Name:-Md.Imran Hussain Bhuiyan

ID-4105005

Level/Term-2/2

Department:-D.B.A

Submitted By

Teacher’s name-Md. Yasir Arafat Arman

Lecturer-Sociology
What is Social Stratification?

Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based

on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender,
occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political).

For example,

Those in the same social class tend to have the same types of jobs and similar levels of
income.

 Stratification is social in the sense that it does not represent inequality which are
biologically based.
 Social stratification has never been uniform in all societies.
 Social stratification is universal. Difference between rich and poor, the ‘haves’ or
‘have notes’ is evident everywhere.
  Four Basic Principles of Social Stratification:

 Social stratification is based on four basic principles:

1. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual

differences;

2. Social stratification carries over from generation to generation;

3. Social stratification is universal but variable.

4.Social stratification involves not just inequality but belifes as well.

 Social Class

Social class, also called class, a group of people within a society who possess the
same socioeconomic status. Besides being important in social theory, the concept
of class as a collection of individuals sharing similar economic circumstances has been
widely used in censuses and in studies of social mobility.

1.Upper Class

The term upper class is a socioeconomic term used to describe those who reside on
the highest levels of the social ladder above the middle and working or lower classes.
They generally have the highest status in society and hold a great deal of wealth.

2.Middle Class

The middle class is a description given to individuals and households who typically fall
between the working class and the upper class within a socio-economic hierarchy.
Those in the middle class often are employed as professionals, managers, and civil
servants.

3.Lower Class

 lower class individuals work easily-filled employment positions that have little prestige
or economic compensation. These individuals often lack a high school education.
Social Inequality

Social Inequality refers to a lack of social equality,where individuals in a society do not

have social equal status. Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society
are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific
patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons.

Pattern/Aspects:

 Gender

Gender as a social inequality is whereby women and men are treated differently due to
masculinity and femininity by dividing labor, assigning roles, and responsibilities and
allocating social rewards. Sex- and gender-based prejudice and discrimination,
called sexism, are major contributing factors to social inequality. Most societies,
even agricultural ones, have some sexual division of labour and gender -based division
of labour  tends to increase during industrialization.

 Age

Age discrimination is defined as the unfair treatment of people with regard to

promotions, recruitment, resources, or privileges because of their age. It is also known
as ageism: the stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups based
upon their age. It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age-
based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination.

 Race & ethnic

Racial or ethnic inequality is the result of hierarchical social distinctions between

racial and ethnic categories within a society and often established based on
characteristics such as skin color and other physical characteristics or an
individual's place of origin.
Racial inequality can also result in diminished opportunities for members
of marginalized groups, which in turn can lead to cycles of poverty and political
marginalization. Racial and ethnic categories become a minority category in a
society. Minority members in such a society are often subjected to discriminatory
actions resulting from majority policies, including assimilation,
exclusion, oppression, expulsion, and extermination.