Plant structure. Plant types and categories.

‘Where flowers bloom, so does hope’

Lady Bird Johnson
Pre-reading. Examine the picture below. Name the component parts of a plant.

Did you know?!

 There are over 300,000 identified
plant species and the list is
growing all the time.
 Tulips were more valuable than
gold.
 Over 100 billion bananas are
consumed every year.
 85% of plant life is found in the
ocean
 Pears, apricots, quinces,
strawberries, and apples
are members of the rose
family.
 Vanilla flavoring comes
from the pod of an
orchid, Vanilla planifolia.
 The first type of aspirin, painkiller and fever reducer
came from the tree bark of a willow tree.

Find the answers:

What four things do all plants need? keep species in existence

What are the parts of the plant? carries the water to other parts of the plant

What does the root do for the plant? flower, roots, stem, leaves

What does the stem do for the plant? help the plant use light and air

What do leaves do for the plant? Roots

What are the plant parts that take in sun, air, water, food
water and minerals from the soil?
 takes in the water from the soil
What is the function of seeds in a plant?

Definitions of plant

1. Noun. (botany) a living organism lacking the power of locomotion

synonyms: flora, plant life

2. Verb. put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

“Let's plant flowers in the garden”
synonyms: set

3. Verb. place into a river

“plant fish”

4. Verb. fix or set securely or deeply

“He planted a knee in the back of his opponent”
synonyms: embed, engraft, imbed, implant

5. Verb. set up or lay the groundwork for

synonyms: constitute, establish, found, institute

6. Verb. put firmly in the mind

“Plant a thought in the students' minds”
synonyms: implant

7. Noun.  something planted secretly for discovery by another

“the police used a plant to trick the thieves”
“he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant”

8. Verb. place something or someone in a certain position in order to secretly observe or

deceive
“Plant a spy in Moscow”
“plant bugs in the dissident's apartment”

9. Noun. buildings for carrying on industrial labor

“they built a large plant to manufacture automobiles”
synonyms: industrial plant, works
Idioms with plants
Olive Branch
 Meaning: A peace offering, an attempt at reconciliation.
 Example: I’ve been having a disagreement with my friend, but she recently sent me a letter
of apology as a strong olive branch.
Bed of Roses
 Meaning: A comfortable situation
 Example: Life isn’t always going to be a bed of roses. You have to learn to deal with
adversity.
Put Down Roots
 Meaning: Establish oneself in a place; settle
 Example: I traveled quite a bit while I was in my 20s, but then I put down roots in the
Chicago area.

Vocabulary

Eukaryotic-
single-celled or multicellular organisms of the domain Eukaryota, characterized 
by cells that contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus and by the occurrence
 of DNA transcription inside the nucleus and protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Pigment-
substance, such as chlorophyll or melanin, that produces a characteristic color in
 plant or animal tissue
Haploid-
having a single set of unpaired chromosomes, as in a germ cell, such as an egg
or sperm, or in a moss plant or a drone bee
Diploid-
having pairs of homologous chromosomes so that twice the haploid number is 
present
Germinate -
to cause (seeds or spores) to sprout or (of seeds or spores) to sprout or form new 
tissue following increased metabolism
Shoot -  
(of a plant) to produce (buds, branches, etc,  (of a seed) to germinate

Desiccation-
to dry out thoroughly
Photosynthesis-
(in plants) the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water (with th
e release of oxygen) using light energy absorbed by chlorophyll
Whorl-
arrangement of three or more leaves, petals, or other organs arising from a single 
node
 Taproot-
large single root of plants such as the dandelion, which grows vertically
 downwards and bears smaller lateral roots
Angiosperm-
any seed-bearing plant of the phylum Angiospermophyta 
(division Angiospermae in traditional systems), in which the ovules are enclosed in an 
ovary, which develops into the fruit after fertilization; any flowering plant.
Taxonomy-classification and naming of organisms in an ordered system that is inten
ded to indicate natural relationships, especially evolutionary relationships
 Text A. Plant structure
Plant, (kingdom Plantae), any multicellular eukaryotic life-form
Stationary-
fixed, immobile,  characterized by (1) photosynthetic nutrition in which chemical
immovable,  energy is produced from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide with the
unmovable
aid of pigments and the radiant energy of the Sun, (2) essentially
Alteration- unlimited growth at localized regions, (3) cells that
change, 
adjustment, shift, a contain cellulose in their walls and are therefore to some extent rigid,
mendment, (4) the absence of organs of locomotion, resulting in a more or less
 conversion, 
stationary existence, (5) the absence of nervous systems, and (6)
modification 
life histories that show an alteration of haploid and diploid
Dominance-
command, control, d generations, with the dominance of one over the other being
omination taxonomically significant.
Vital-
The parts of the plant are divided into two basic sections, the root
alive, animate, 
animated, live,  and the shoot. The root is comprised of all the structures below the
living soil, and the shoot is composed of the structures above. Included in
Coat- the shoot of seed plants are the stem, the leaves, and the seeds.
layer, covering, 
Additionally, angiosperms contain flowers as part of their shoots.
coating, overlay
Each of these structures is vital in different ways to the plant’s
Dispersal-
dispersion,  existence.
dissemination, 
diffusion The seed, which develops from an ovule after fertilization has
Acquisition- occurred, surrounds the plant embryo and protects it from
acquiring, gaining, a
desiccation. Each seed consists of an embryo, food source, and
chievement, 
procurement,  protective outer coat, and can lie dormant for some time before
attainment,  germinating. Angiosperm seeds (the seeds of flowering plants) are
Intake- contained in protective ovaries (that later become fruit), which help to
consumption, 
protect the seeds from drying out and aid in their dispersal.
ingestion, uptake
Availability-
accessibility,  The roots of a plant function in the storage of nutrients, the
availableness,  acquisition of water and minerals (from the soil), and the anchoring
handiness
of the plant to the substrate. Different plants have different kinds of
Moisture- roots, ranging from a taproot (dicots) to a fibrous root system
damp, water,
 liquid, humidity, per (monocots) to adventitious roots (vines). Tiny root hairs, which
spiration, wetness, extend from the root surface, provide the plant with a huge total
Thrive- absorptive surface and are responsible for most of the plant's water
flourish, expand,  and mineral intake.
boom
Plant stems (or trunks, as they are called in trees) function primarily to transport nutrients and
provide physical support. Transport is achieved through the vascular system (composed of xylem
and phloem), which carries water, minerals, and the products of photosynthesis all over the plant
body. The tissues within the stems of monocots and dicots are arranged differently, with discrete
vascular bundles in monocots and continuous rings of vascular tissue in many dicots.

The leaves of the plant contain chlorophyll and are the major sites of photosynthesis. Because of
this important function, leaves are the site of gas exchange in plants, and small pores (stomata) on
the surface of the leaf allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen (a byproduct of photosynthesis) out into
the surrounding air. These stomata are regulated by guard cells, which open and close depending
on the availability of moisture in the environment and protect the plant from losing too much
water from evaporation (a phenomenon called transpiration).

Flowers contain the reproductive organs of

angiosperms. Each flower is composed of four
whorls, each of which contains one of the main
structures of the flower. The calyx contains the
sepals and the corolla contains the petals; together,
the calyx and corolla comprise the perianth, or non-
reproductive portion of the flower. The androecium
contains the stamens. Stamens, the male
reproductive organs, each contain an anther (pollen-
production site) and filament. The gynoecium, at the
very center of the flower, contains the pistils
(sometimes called the carpels), the female
reproductive organs. Each pistil is made up of a
stigma, style, and ovary.

The seed, which surrounds the plant

embryo and protects it from desiccation in
the uncertain conditions of a terrestrial
environment, is one of the adaptations that
has allowed plants to thrive as they
gradually moved from water to land. Each
seed consists of an embryo, food source,
and protective outer coat; it can lie dormant for some time before germinating, waiting until
environmental conditions are right.

Comprehension check.

I. True or false.
1. Plant is a multicellular procaryotic life-form. F eukariotic
2. Plants have stationary existence due to the absence of organs of locomotion. F
nervous sistem
3. Plants are divided into three 2 basic sections, root, shoot and flower. F
4. Angiosperms contain flowers as part of their shoots. T
5. Seed surrounds the plant embryo and protects it from desiccation. T
6. The only function of plant roots is acquisition of water and minerals from the soil. F
(1storage of nutrients, 2 the acquisition of water and minerals (from the soil), and 3
anchoring of the plant to the substrate.)
7. Plant stems transport nutrients and provide physical support. T
8. Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis. T
9. Small pores on the leaf surface allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out into the
surrounding air. F (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out )
10. Each flower is composed of six(four) whorls. F

II. Paraphrase the underlined words.

1. Photosynthetic 1.nutrition nourishment, feeding is a process in which chemical energy is

produced from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide with the aid of 2.pigments colours and
the radiant 3.energy power, warmth, light of the Sun.
2. Stem, leaves, and seeds are 4. vital essential, crucial structures to the plant’s 5. existence
life .

3. Each seed consists of an embryo, food source, and protective outer 6. coat _covering, and
can lie dormant for some time before 7. germinating developing.
4. Angiosperm seeds are contained in protective ovaries, which help 8. to protect to preserve,
to keep safe the seeds from drying out and aid in their 9. dispersal dissemination.
5. Tiny root 10. hairs rootlets, which extend from the root surface, provide the plant with a
huge total absorptive 11. surface _exterior and are responsible for most of the plant's water
and mineral 12. intake_absorption.

III. Find the word with the following synonyms. Make up sentences.

F_ _ _ _ r

1.bloom, blossom, florescence
2. springtime
3. A-list, aristocracy, best, crème de la crème, elite, upper crust

IV. Derivatives.
1.Calyx and corolla (comprising, comprise, comprises) __________ the perianth, or non-
reproductive portion of the flower.
2. Each pistil is (made up, made with, made into) __________of a stigma, style, and ovary.
3. Seed, which (surrounds, surround, surrounded) __________ the plant embryo and protect it
from desiccation in the (uncertain, uncertainly, uncertained) __________ conditions of a terrestrial
environment.
4. Seed is one of the adaptations that (has allowed, have allowed, had allowed) __________
plants to (thriving, thrived, thrive) __________ as they gradually moved from water to land.

V. Fill in the gaps with word from the box. Entitle the text.

Perennials (2)/ Annuals/ Biennials

Plant Life Cycles

/Annuals/ are plants that complete their life-cycle within one year and die after producing seeds,
e.g., wheat, rice, gram.
/Biennials/ complete their life-cycle in two years. During first year they show only vegetative
growth, and during second year they develop flowers, fruits and seeds. These plants are usually
herbs, e.g., Radish, Turnip, and Carrot.
/Perennials/ have long life, and once established continue to live for many years. The great
banyan tree (Ficus bengalensis) in the Botanical Garden, Kolkata is more than 200 years old. The
Bodhi tree (ficus religiosa) at Gaya is about 2500 years old.
Most of these plants, after attaining maturity, bear flowers and fruits in a particular season of each
year. They are called polycarpic, e.g., coconut, mango, Acacia etc. Some /Perennials/ (e.g.,
Bamboos, Agave) are monocarpic i.e., they bear fruits only once in their life. All annuals and
biennials are monocarpic.

VI. Written production. Develop the following statement.

Every desk at your office (classroom) should have a plant
(100-150 words )
One of the greatest benefits of keeping plants in the bedroom is that they have
the ability to improve indoor air quality. One of the benefits that you can get when you
have indoor plants in your office is that it can help make it feel more alive. Any living plant
can brighten up the space. Adding a potted plant on your bedside table or off to one corner
of your classroom can help make your space more appealing.  In the right conditions, air
purifying plants for classroom can have an effect on the air as they absorb and trap some
of these toxins and release oxygen, thus making the air that you breathe cleaner. Also,
touching the leaves of your plants for 2 minutes can have a positive impact on your stress
levels.
Video: Can we live without plants? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQTpt8x9VPU

Plants are solar powered air purifiers whose filter never needs replacing. 
Khang Kijarro Nguyen

Pre-viewing. Examine the picture and speak on the uses and benefits of plants.

1. Why forests are called the lungs

of the earth?
2. How do the trees protect the
planet?
Produce the oxygen and dizolve
CO2
Make the air heatlfhier

3. What does the collocation eco-

friendly environment mean?

4. What would happen if all people on earth (7.7 billion) planted a tree?

4. Have you ever planted a tree?

5.
6. What are some health benefits of living in a leafy place?
Post-viewing.
I. Find the definitions.
biodiversity a/ an increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere

global warming b/ process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature

cooling effect c/ phenomenon in which the atmosphere of a planet traps radiation emitted by 

its sun, caused by gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane
fine dust d/ to convey pollen to the stigma of a flower

greenhouse  e/ to live or reside in

Pollinate f/ capable of being maintained at a steady level without exhausting natural 
resources or causing severe ecological damage
inhabiting g/ air pollution caused by fine particulate matters, which come from exhaust
 fumes from internal-combustion engines, smoke from factory chimneys, etc.
Sustainable h/ existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species in their natural 
environments

II. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box:

Happier/ global warming/ algae/ biodiversity/ cooling effect/ inhabiting/ oxygen/ sick/
healthier/ evolve/ pollinate/ Absolutely/ absorbing/ greenhouse/ involved/ fine dust /

CAN WE LIVE WITHOUT TREES?

/__________/ and trees were the first forms of life on earth five million years ago. It was because
they produced oxygen that human beings could /__________/ so quickly. Today, there are billions
of people /__________/ our planet, and our living environment has undergone many changes. Do
we still need trees? /__________/ ! After all, the algae in the oceans and the trees on land
produce the largest percentage of /__________/ on earth. And we can’t live without oxygen. They
also absorb CO2 from the air. This is a good thing because the increasing emission of
/__________/ gases is releasing so much CO2 into the atmosphere that the result is an
acceleration of /__________ __________/. By /__________/ CO2, trees are slowing this process
immediately. Besides, a large part of /__________ __________/ or particulate matter we produce
is filtered out of the air by trees. This means they are making the air a lot /__________/. But this
isn’t all. A single tree supports the lives of more than 250 species of plants and animals and so
contributes to /__________/. For instance, with its pollen bee colonies can /__________/ other
plants and keep them reproducing. Furthermore, trees provide a natural /__________
__________/, enhance good drainage, serve as shelter from the wind... and make
people…/__________/! Because we’re more creative, more /__________/ with others, and more
active when we’re surrounded by trees. So, we also smile more often and are less often
/__________/. When you think about it, trees are really fantastic!

III. Written production.

All over the world the number of trees is declining. The trees that remain can no longer deal with
our CO2 emissions. Couldn’t we reverse this trend? What will you do to make our world greener?
Write an article in order to identify some sustainable methods to make our world a safe, healthy
and comfortable place to live in. Use some of the words in box for this purpose.

green nursery / green cradle’/ going green/ eco/environmentally -friendly/ greener

word/place/ CO2 emissions

Titles: 1. We wouldn’t even be here without plants!

2.Go green, there is no planet B
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ .

Pre-reading.
There's rosemary, that's for remembrance…
Hamlet
Willi
am Shakespeare
Answer the following questions. Speak about uses and importance of plants.
1. Do you recognize the herb in the picture? What are its medicinal
benefits?
2. What are the most popular medicinal herbs?
3. Is herbal medicine really effective?
4. How is herbal medicine different from modern-day
pharmaceuticals?
Vocabulary

Herb-any of various often aromatic plants used especially in medicine or as seasoning

Herbalism- study of the use of medicinal herbs around the world

Flavonoid- any of a large group of water-soluble antioxidant compounds, including the
anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, and isoflavonoids, often occurring as glycosides in
plants and consisting of two aromatic rings linked by a carbon bridge that often forms a 
heterocyclic ring;flavonoids are found in tea, red wine, and a variety of vegetables and
fruits

In sync with- working well together; in agreement

Pharmacopoeia- collection or stock of drugs

Ayurveda- ancient Hindu science of health and medicine, based on maintaining
 balance among the five elements earth, air, fire, water, and ether

Over- the- counter drug- drug dispensed without medical prescription

Dietary supplement- product taken orally that contains one or more ingredients
(such as vitamins or amino acids) that are intended to supplement one's diet and are
not considered food

Text B. Medicinal Plants and Herbs

https://www.nhp.gov.in/introduction-and-importance-of-medicinal-plants-and-herbs_mtl
The term medicinal plant includes
Prohibitive-
exorbitant,  various types of plants used in
excessive, herbalism (herbology or herbal
 high-priced
medicine). It is the use of plants
Infectious- for medicinal purpose.
contagious, 
communicable,  The word “herb” has been derived
 contaminating from the Latin word, “herba”. Now
 virulent,
 infective a days, herb refers to any part of
transmittable the plant like fruit, seed, stem,

Emphasis-
importance
bark, flower, leaf, stigma or a root, as well as a non-woody plant. Earlier, the term “herb” was only
applied to non-woody plants, including those that come from trees and shrubs. These medicinal
plants are also used as food, flavonoid, medicine or perfume.
Plants have been used for medicinal purposes long before prehistoric period. Ancient Egyptian
papyrus and Chinese writings described the use of herbs. Indigenous cultures such as Rome,
Egypt, Iran, Africa and America used herbs in their healing rituals, while other developed
traditional medical systems such as Unani, Ayurveda and Chinese Medicine in which herbal
therapies were used systematically.

Traditional systems of medicine continue to be widely practiced on many accounts. Population

rise, inadequate supply of drugs, prohibitive cost of treatments, side effects of several synthetic
drugs and development of resistance to currently used drugs for infectious diseases have led to
increased emphasis on the use of plant materials as a source of medicines for a wide variety of
human ailments.

Recently, WHO (World Health Organization) estimated that 80 percent of people worldwide rely
on herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary health care needs. According to WHO,
around 21,000 plant species have the potential for being used as medicinal plants.

Treatment with medicinal plants is considered very safe as there is no or minimal side effects.
These remedies are in sync with nature, which is the biggest advantage. The golden fact is that,
use of herbal treatments is independent of any age groups and the sexes.

Most of the drugs are free of side effects or reactions.

This is the reason why herbal treatment is growing in
popularity across the globe. These herbs that have
medicinal quality provide rational means for the
treatment of many internal diseases, which are
otherwise considered difficult to cure.

Medicinal plants such as Aloe, Tulsi, Neem, Turmeric and Ginger cure several common ailments.
These are considered as home remedies in many parts of the country. It is known fact that lots of
consumers are using Basil (Tulsi) for making medicines, black tea, in pooja and other activities in
their day to day life.
Nowadays, medicinal herbs are important sources for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal
plants are considered a rich resource of ingredients which can be used in drug development either
pharmacopoeial, non-pharmacopoeial or synthetic drugs. Moreover, some plants are
considered as important source of nutrition and as a result of that they are recommended for their
therapeutic values.
Comprehension check.
I. Answer the following questions.

1.What does the word herb mean?

2. What are the uses of the herbs?
3. How long have humans used herbs as medicines?
4. What countries developed traditional medical systems in which herbal therapies were used
systematically? What are these therapies?
5. According to WHO, what is the number of plant species used as medicinal plants?
6. What are the benefits of treatment with medicinal plants?
II. Match the word colocations. Make up sentences.
Medicinal Therapy
Medicinal Cost
Non-woody Ritual
Healing Diseases
Herbal Manufacturing
Prohibitive Purpose
Side Values
Infectious Plant
Pharmaceutical Effects
Therapeutic Plant

III. Find synonyms for the underlined words from the box.
poisons/ antiseptic/ features/ medicine/ resistance/ physicians/ persisting/
medicinal plants/ cleaners/ suppression/ high temperature/ damage

Many herbs are used as blood purifiers 1.__________ to alter or change a long-standing
2.__________ condition by eliminating the metabolic toxins 3.__________. Certain herbs improve
the immunity 4.__________ of the person, thereby reducing conditions such as fever
5.__________. Some herbs 6.__________are also having antibiotic properties 7.__________.
Turmeric is useful in inhibiting 8.__________ the growth of germs, harmful microbes and bacteria.
Turmeric is widely used as a home remedy 9.__________ to heal wounds. To reduce fever and
the production of heat 10. __________ caused by the condition, certain antipyretic
11.__________herbs such as Chirayta, black pepper, sandal wood and safflower are
recommended by traditional Indian medicine practitioners 12. .

IV. Derivatives.
An herb is a plant or plant part used for (its, it’s, it) __________ scent, flavor, or (therapeutic,
therapy, therapeutically) __________ properties. Herbal medicines are one type of (dietary, diet,
dieting)__________ supplement. They are (sell, selling, sold) __________ as tablets, capsules,
powders, teas, extracts, and fresh or dried plants. People use herbal medicines to try to maintain
or improve (they, their) __________ health.

Many people believe (what, that, then) __________ products labeled "natural" are always safe
and (better, best, good) __________ for them. This is not (necessarily, necessarilly, necessary)
__________ true. Herbal medicines do not have to (went, going, go) __________ through the
testing that drugs do. (Some, Any) __________ herbs, such as comfrey and ephedra, can cause
serious (harming, harmfulness, harm) __________. (Any, Some) __________ herbs can interact
with prescription or (over-the-counter, out-the-counter, without-the-counter) __________
medicines.

V. Written production

Today, herbal products constitute the symbol of safety in contrast to the synthetic drugs, that are
regarded as unsafe to human being and environment. Although herbs had been priced for their
medicinal, flavoring and aromatic qualities for centuries, the synthetic products of the modern age
surpassed their importance. However, the blind dependence on synthetics is over and people are
returning to the naturals with hope of safety and security. It’s time to promote them globally.
Choose an herb that has powerful healing properties and write a report about it, according to the
following chart.

Plant Way of preparation Medicinal values Side effects

Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIhmAvsBXts Herbs for health
Vocabulary

Tincture- medicinal extract in a solution of alcohol
Harvest - crop that ripens or is gathered in a season
Maceration- act or process of softening or separating by soaking or steeping
Tawny- dark yellowish- or yellowish-brown color
Sciatica- pain along the sciatic nerve usually caused by a herniated disk of the lumbar
region of the spine and radiating to the buttocks and to the back of the thigh
Hot flushes- sudden brief sensation of heat, often over the entire body,
caused by a transient dilation of the blood vessels of the skin

Post-viewing.
Find the names of medicinal plants according to their beneficial effects.

___________________  for people who are quite stressed or anxious about tension
in their stomach (tummy) anxiety
 for people who have cold sores or herpes on the lips
_______________________
 for healing broken bones
 to heal ulcers
 for chest complaints
 for composting
 for scarring and spots on the skin

_____________________

 to clear chest infections as well

 to dry and tawny mucous membranes

_______________________

 to make beer

______________________

 for sleep disorders (insomnia)

 to relax and keep calm in anxious situations
_____________________

 to lower blood pressure

 to get rid of swollen ankles
 to make salad using flowers and leaves
 used as strong laxative

______________________
 to improve the circulation
 for hair grow
 to help with headaches and tension headaches
 to make foot bath to get rid of joints aching and sore feet
 for cooking

______________________

 for sciatica
 for nerve problems

______________________

 used in culinary
 to dry mucous membranes
 for hot flushes
 for sore throats

___________________________

 for lymphatic system

 for congestion of the lymph glands or underarms groin
 for aging
 to clean the lymphatic system
 ______________________

 to bring down fevers

 to strengthen veins
 to bring back down lower blood pressure
 to stop bleeding

______________________

 for the liver

 helps release bile
 to shrink wards

________________________

 for period pains

 muscle cramps in legs

__________________________

 for iron deficiency and anemia

 for allergic reactions
 to clear gout
 for arthritis
 to help purify the blood

Teacher guide
What four things do all plants need? sun, air, water, food
What are the parts of the plant? flower, Roots, stem, leaves
What does the root do for the plant? takes in the water from the soil.
What does the stem do for the plant? carries the water to other parts of the plant
What do leaves do for the plant? Helps the plant use light and air.
The plant parts that take in water and minerals from the soil are. Roots

True or false
1. Plant is a multicellular procaryotic life-form. T/F (eukaryotic)
2. Plants have stationary existence due to the absence of organs of locomotion. T/F
3. Plants are divided into three basic sections, root, shoot and flower. T/F (2 parts root,
shoot)
4. Angiosperms contain flowers as part of their shoots.T/F
5. Seed surrounds the plant embryo and protects it from desiccation. T/F
6. The only function of plant roots is acquisition of water and minerals from the soil.
(1storage of nutrients, 2 the acquisition of water and minerals (from the soil), and 3
anchoring of the plant to the substrate.)
7. Plant stems transport nutrients and provide physical support. T/F
8. Oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis. T/F
9. Small pores on the leaf surface allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out into the
surrounding air. T/F (carbon dioxide in, oxygen out )
10. Each flower is composed of six whorls. (4)

Video Algae, evolve, inhabiting, Absolutely, oxygen, greenhouse, global warming, absorbing, fine
dust, healthier, biodiversity, pollinate, cooling effect, happier, involved, sick

 Medicinal plant
 Medicinal purpose
 Non-woody plants
 Healing rituals
 Herbal therapy
 Prohibitive cost
 Side effect
 Infectious diseases
 pharmaceutical manufacturing
 therapeutic values

1.Cleaners, 2.persisting, 3.poisonings, 4.resistance, 5.high temperature, 6.medicinal plants,

7.features, 8.suppression, 9.medicine, 10.damage, 11.antiseptic, 12.physicians

Lemon balm
or  for people who are quite stressed or anxious about
Melissa tension in their stomach (tummy) anxiety
officinalis  for people who have cold sores or herpes on the lips
 Comfrey  for healing broken bones
Or  to heal ulcers
Knit bone  for chest complaints
 for composting
 for scarring and spots on the skin

Ground
Ivy  to clear chest infections as well
or  to dry and tawny mucous membranes
Glechoma  to make beer

Hederacea

hops

Valerian
Or  for sleep disorders (insomnia)
Valeriana  to relax and keep calm in anxious situations
Officinalis

 to lower blood pressure

 to get rid of swollen ankles
 to make salad using flowers and leaves
 used as strong laxative

Dandelion
Rosemary
 to improve the circulation
  for hair grow
 to help with headaches and tension headaches
 to make foot bath to get rid of joints aching and sore feet
 for cooking

John's wort or Hypericum

 for sciatica
 for nerve problems

Sage

 used in culinary
 to dry mucous membranes
 for hot flushes
 for sore throats

cleaber
or
Goose  for lymphatic system
grass  for congestion of the lymph glands or underarms groin
 for aging
 to clean the lymphatic system

 to bring down fevers

 to strengthen veins
 to bring back down lower blood pressure
 to stop bleeding

achillea millefolium
  for the liver
 helps release bile
 to shrink wards

celandi
ne

 for period pains

 muscle cramps in legs

viburnum
opulus Gilda Rose

 for iron deficiency and anemia

 for allergic reactions
 to clear gout
 for arthritis
 to help purify the blood

nettles

Just in case