CHEM 2100H

DISTILLATION OF WINE
Total Marks : 50
- Flow chart 5 (3 for chart, 2 for notes)
- Lab technique 5
- Results 14 (divided as shown below)
- Questions 26

Results: (14 marks total as shown below)

Data sheet from the manual (8 marks total; 4 marks per sheet)
Calculation of % ethanol should be shown (6 marks total; 3 marks for each calculation)

Answer to the questions:

Question 1
Graph: (8 marks total; 4 marks each line)
- Both lines shown on the same graph, can be computer generated or hand drawn on proper
graph paper
- Look for title, labelled axes (including units), legend
The graph rises abruptly in fractional distillation because in the fractionating column a
succession of condensation and re-distillation take place making it possible for only the low
boiling point liquid to reach the condenser. Once all the low boiling point liquid has distilled, the
higher boiling liquid will start to come out and this causes an abrupt rise in temperature. For the
simple distillation there isn’t as much selectivity so the graph rises gradually.

Question 2 (5 marks)
We cannot get 100% ethanol from either distillation because water and ethanol form an
azeotrope. (Definition from lab manual: a constant boiling mixture with a fixed composition that
behaves as if it is a pure compound). The azeotrope forms because ethanol and water have
great affinity to each other due to hydrogen bonding. It is possible to get 95% ethanol but never
100% ethanol for the above-mentioned reasons.

Question 3 (total 13 marks)

Comparison of the two should show that the fractional distillation produced a product with a
higher percentage of ethanol. (3 marks)

% Ethanol: (10 marks as shown below)

Simple distillation: Fractional Distillation:
< 45% ethanol 1 mark < 50 % ethanol 1 mark
45-54% 2 marks 45-50% 2 marks
55-59% 3 marks 50-65% 3 marks
60-64% 4 marks 65-70% 4 marks
> 65% 5 marks > 70% 5 marks