Percentage

Introduction:
This book will help you solve all type questions related to percentage. This
book is created considering the quality of question which are asked in the
competitive exam. Once you have mastered these notes, you will surely be
able solve any question asked in the exam so all the best and lets us get
started. Also if you are basics are cleared then you can skip to question and
try to attempt them in order to get most out of it.

What is percentage?
The answer is in its name itself. The per means divide and cent is 100 so the
percentage is basically dividing things into 100 in order to compare them.
Why we need to study this?
Whenever we learn something, it is very important for us to know why are
we learning it. The main purpose of percentage is to standardize things and
help us compare things.
Let us understand this with an example:
Name Marks obtained Total marks
Ramesh 35 50
Rajesh 17 20
John 6 10

In the above table, marks of different student in different test is given, If we

are to compare the marks directly, we will say Ramesh has got the highest
marks but that is not the case here. We need to take help of the percentage
here in order to get clear comparison between them.
Let us start with the basics, before we move ahead, Let us derive the
formula for the percentage which will be suitable to use.
In the above case we can clearly interpret that there is two data set i.e
marks obtained and total marks.

Therefore
Marks obtained
Percentage= ( Total marks
∗100)

For Ramesh
Percentage= (35/50) *100
=3500/50
=70%
Note: Percentage is denoted by the symbol % and it is called percent.

Similarly for
Rajesh
Percentage=(17/20)*100
=1700/20
=85%
John
Percentage= (6/10)*100
=600/10
=60%
From the above calculation we can conclude that it is Rajesh who has
secured highest number of percentages followed by Ramesh and John.

It is time to practice (yes, you can do it.)

Sr no Name Marks Total marks Percentage
obtained
1 Ritu 3 5
2 Raju 5 10
3 Rohan 10 15
4 Brett 15 20
5 Lee 20 25
6 Brian 25 30
7 Lara 30 35
8 Elon 35 40
9 Adani 40 45
10 Steve 45 50

# Percentage change:
% change= What we compare/ to whom we compare *100
Let us understand this with an example
A= 120 kg of rice
B= 200 kg of rice
A and B are container and their capacity to hold rice is given.
(i) A is what percent of b
a
= b
∗100

= (120/200)*100
=12000/200
 =60%
This means that A can contain only 60% to what B can contain. So if I to
make decision I would select B if cost of both are same.
(ii) B is what % of A
=(b/a)*100
=(200/120)*100
=20000/120
=166.67%
This means that B can contain 166.67% of what A can contain.
(iii) By how much % A is less that B
This means we need to find the difference between A and B
B-A= 200-120=80
b−a
How much% = b *100
=(80/200)*100
=40%
Therefore, A is less than B by 40%
(iv) By how much % B is more that A
=(b-a)/a *100
= (80/120)*100
= 66.67%
B is 66.67% more than A
Question for practice
The price of HP laptop is $450 and the price of Apple laptop is $1350.
You are required to find the following things.
1) The price of Apple laptop is what percentage of price of Hp laptop
2) The price of HP laptop is what percentage of price of Apple laptop
3) The price of HP laptop is how much more less of price of Apple laptop
4) The price of Apple laptop is how much more percent of price of HP
laptop
Solution:
Let
A= Price of Hp laptop= $450
B= Price of Apple Laptop =$1350
1) A of what % of B
= (a/b)*100
=(450/1350)*100
= 33%
The prices of Hp laptop is 33% of Apple Laptop (MacBook pro)
2) B is what % of A
=(b/a)*100
=(1350/450)*100
= 300%
The price of MacBook is 300% of HP laptop
3) A is how much less percent of B
=(b-a)/b *100
= (1350-450)/1350 *100
= 66.67%
The price of Hp laptop is 66.67% less than of MacBook
4) B is how more percent than A
=(b-a)/a *100
= (1350-450)/450*100
=200%
The price of MacBook is 200% more than Hp laptop
 #Concept of by and to
When the word ‘to’ is used then it means that it is decrease to that level.
Example: A number is decrease to 20%, it means that only 20% of that
number is left.
If number 40 is decrease to 20% then
New number= (40*20)/100
=8

When the word ‘by’ is used that it means that the number is decrease or
increase by that percent.
Example: A number 40 is decrease by 20%
New number= Old number – decrease
=40 – 20%
= 40- (40*20)/100
=40-8
=32
# % to fraction
Divide the percent by 100
Convert 30% into fraction
= 30/100
=3/10
Convert 50% into fraction
=50/100
=1/2
# Fraction to %
Multiply the fraction to 100
1) Convert 2/5 into %
=(2/5)*100
= (2*100)/5
=200/5
=40%
2) Convert 4/60 into %
=(4/60)*100
=(4*100)/60
=400/60
= 6.67%
Question for practice
Convert the fraction into percentage and check the answer below.
Fraction Percentage
45/90 50%
44/50 88%
37/75 49.33%
23/37 62.16%
15/20 75%
14/30 46.67%
7/10 70%

If you find any difficulty while calculating the answer above, refer the
method above and focus on your calculation methods.
Common Fraction and their percentage.
Fraction Percentage
1 100%
½ 50%
1/3 33.33% or 33 1/3 %
¼ 25%
1/5 20%
1/6 16.67% or 16 2/3 %
1/7 14.28% or 14 2/7 %
1/8 12.5% or 12 ½ %
1/9 11.11% or 11 1/9%
1/10 10%
1/11 9.09% 9 1/11%
1/12 8.33% or 8 1/3%
1/13 7.69% or 7 9/13%
1/14 7.14% or 7 1/7%
1/15 6.67% or 6 2/3%
1/16 6.25% or 6 ¼%
1/17 5.88%
1/18 5.56%
1/19 5.26%
1/20 5%
1/24 4.16%
1/25 4%
¾ 75%
2/5 40%
Please Note:
1) Ignore calculator tricks if it isn’t allowed in your exam.
2) Mathematics is all about practice, keep practicing more and more sum
so that you don’t make mistakes in your exams.
3) If you have any doubt, you can always ask me in review section, I
would get back to you as soon I see it.
4) Try to become self-reliant, if you can’t understand it, YouTube it, take
the help of google or maybe your teachers. This attitude will help you
learn anything in the world.
5) If you want more practice and you can’t find it elsewhere, let me know
in the review section, I will attach worksheets to this document which
will help you boost your preparation.
6) Also feel to point out any mistake you find in this document, after all
we all are humans and we are still learning.
7) I wish you all the best on this beautiful math’s journey and I believe in
you that you will crack all the exams with your true ability. Focus on
educating yourself which you can use in your day to day life.