Department of Education

MATHEMATICS 6
Percentage, Rate and Base
Second Quarter – Week 3

NORALYN D. AGAPITO, NORLITO A. ARGANTE, ROD ANDREW F. BABERA

FRANCIS GIO C. CAMPOS, MARY JANE B. CASACOP, RUBY ANN S. DIAZ
MARGARITA A. GUETA, NORILYN S. RINONOS
Writers
OLIVIA G. ELLOSO, BENELIN G. RUMBAOA, EMALYN M. BALLONADO
Validators
DR. EMELITA D. BAUTISTA, ENGR. ROLANDO S. MULDONG
JOSEPH D. NILO, RANDY M. VARGAS
Quality Assurance Team Members

Schools Division Office – Muntinlupa City

Student Center for Life Skills Bldg., Centennial Ave., Brgy.Tunasan, Muntinlupa City
(02) 8805-9935 / (02) 8805-9940
 This module discusses percentage, rate, and base. You need to understand
the concept of the three types of percent problems to be able to solve what is missing
or what is to be solved.
After going through this module, students are expected to:
1. Identify the difference between the percentage, rate, and base.
2. Find the percentage, rate, and base in a given problem.
3. Solve routine and non-routine problems involving percentage, base, and rate
by using appropriate strategies and tools; and
4. Apply different strategies in solving percent problems.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. 75% of 12 is ____.
A. 12 B. 9 C. 7 D. 5
2. What percent of 120 is 24?
A. 20% B. 25% C. 30% D. 32%
3. 36 is 90% of what number?
A. 40 B. 60 C.70 D. 80
4. 25% of 40 is 10. What is the rate in the given?
A. 40 B.25% C. 10 D. none
5. Claire has ₱ 120.00 in her wallet. Her money is only 5% of of her sister,
Trisha. How much money doesTrisha have?
A. ₱ 1 500.00 B.₱1 800.00 C.₱ 2 400.00 D. ₱ 3 100.00
6. There are 45 pupils in a class;15 is absent. How many percent are present?
A. 50% B. 55% C. 65% D. 67%
7. 12% of the class of 50 brought plastic bottles for their project in Science.
How many students did not bring plastic bottles?
A4 B.6 C.18 D. 44
8. AJ’s allowance is ₱180.00. She bought a meal worth ₱50.00. The remaining
amount is 5% of Rhea’s one-month allowance. How much is Rhea’s one-
month allowance?
A. ₱ 2 300.00 B.₱ 2 500.00 C.₱ 2 600.00 D. ₱ 2 800.00
9. Reyes’ family food budget for one month is ₱ 3 000.00. It is 25% of the
family income. How much is their income?
A.₱5 000.00 B. ₱7 000.00 C. ₱10 000.00 D. ₱ 12 000.00
10. During a stormy day, 7 pupils were absent. If there are 50 pupils, what
percent of the class is present?
A.74% B. 81% C. 86% D. 88%

Answer the following:

A. Multiplication and division of decimals and whole number
1. 75 x 0.3 = ____ 3. 98 ÷ 0.04 = _____ 5. 9.125 ÷ 375 = ___
2. 100 ÷ 0.25 = ____ 4. 2.5 x 0.20 = _____

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 B. Change percent to decimals and vice versa
1. 75% 2. 5% 3. 0.01 4. 125% 5. 1.15

Let us
recall

In multiplying whole numbers In dividing whole number

by decimals by whole number
1. Multiply the numbers just as whole
numbers. Place the dividend inside the
2. Line up the numbers on the right. division symbol, the divisor outside
Do not align the decimal point. the division symbol and divide using
3. Starting on the right multiply each long division method
digit in the bottom number just as
whole number Example: 24 ÷ 36
4. Add the products
5. Place the decimal point in the 0.666 = 0.7
answer by counting the sum of the 36 ⟌24.00
decimal places in both numbers you 2 16
multiplied 240
Example : 125 x 0.25 216
240
125 216
x 0.25 (2 decimal places) 240(repeating decimal)
625
250
31.25 (2 decimal places)

To divide whole number by decimals To change percent to decimal,

1. Count how many places you move decimal point two places to the
need to move the decimal point to the left and remove the % sign.
right in the divisor to make it whole
number. Example:
2. Move the decimal to the right 85% = 0.85
in both divisor and dividend. Align
decimal point and add zero to the To change decimal to percent,
end of dividend if needed. move decimal point two places to the
3. Divide using long division right and put the % sign.
method
Example
Example: 75 ÷ 0.05 0.175 =17.5%
1500
0.05⟌75 = 5⟌7500
5
25
25
0
0
0
0
0

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 What does SALE mean? Where do you usually see it ?

SALE SALE SALE SALE SALE

25% off 10% off 5% off

bag tshirt shoes

₱ 850.00 ₱ 750.00 ₱ 3 500.00

If you buy one of them, how would you knowthe amount to be deducted from
the original price?

Take a look at the following:

212.5 is 25% of 850 75 is 10% of 750 175 is 5% of 3500

P = R x B P = R x B P = R x B
212.5 = 25% x 850 75 = 10% x 750 175= 5% x 3 500

P means Percentage R means rate B means Base

The amount to be deducted from the original price or part of the base is
called PERCENTAGE. It is usually adjacent to the word “is”.

The original price is called BASE. It is the whole or 100% or the original amount
or quantity, and it usually adjacent to the word “of”

The parts to be taken or the ratio of the percentage is called RATE. Rate is
written with the % symbol.

Let us identify the Percentage (P), Rate (R) and Base (B) on the given examples.

0.75 is 3% of 25 15% of 80 is 12

P R B R B P

To remember the formula in finding P, R and B, observe the Techan’s triangle.

If P is unknown Percentage = Rate x Base or P = R x B P

Percentage
If B is unknown Base = or B = P ÷ R
Rate B
Percentage R
If R is unknown Rate = x 100%
Base
or R = P ÷ R x 100%

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 There are three types of percent problems
1. Finding the percentage when rate and base are given
2. Finding the rate when the percentage and base are given
3. Finding the base when the percentage and rate are given.

A. Finding the PERCENTAGE when rate and base are given

Percentage (P) is the part of the base. It is usually adjacent to the word “is”.

Example 1. 25% of 80 is ___.

R xB= P
In this problem, determine what are the P, R and B.
R is 25%, B is 80 and the missing is P .To solve, the formula is P=R x B
Solution: P = 80 x 0.25
P= 20.00 80
(Note that 25% is also 0.25) x 0.25
400
160
20.00

Example 2. There are 45 students in the class. Twenty percent of them can
join the online class. How many can join the online class?
Let us analyze what are the given
20 % of 45 is ____.

R B P
To solve P = R x B
P = 20% x 45
P= 0.20 x 45
P= 9
Only 9 students can join the online class

Example 3 .Gerry wants to buy a bag originally priced at ₱750 .It is on 20%
off sale. How much is to be deducted from the original price? How much did he
pay?
Let us analyze the fraction/percent benchmark:
1
When we say 20%, it is also equal to . Other rates are as follows:
5
1 1 3 1
25 %= 50 % = 75 % = 10 % =
4 2 4 10

1
In the given example, 20% = . Let us draw a bar that represent 750 as a
5
whole and make 5 parts. The 5 parts of 750 is 150, thus 750÷5 =150 (answer).

100%

750
150 150 150 150 150

20%

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 The problem is about finding the percentage.
Let us check if when substituted to the formula, the answer will be equal.
The formula in finding percentage is P = R x B
P=RxB
P = 0.20 x 750 =150 P = 150

₱750 -₱150= ₱600 is the amount that he will pay for the bag

B. Find the RATE when base and percentage are given.

Rate (R) is the ratio of the percentage to the base and is written with the
symbol %.

Example 1. 18 is ___% of 120.

P = R x B
In this problem, let us determine what are P, R and B. P is 18, B is 120 and
P
R is missing. To find R the formula is R= .15
B
120⟌18.00
P 18 120
Solution: R= =
B 120 600
600
R = 0.15 when changed to % ( 0.15 x 100%) 0
R = 15%

Example 2. There are 18 out of 40 senior citizens in the baranggay who

received their senior citizen ID. What percent did not receive the ID?

Let us analyze. If there are 18 who received the senior ID and there are 40
senior citizens, therefore 22 did not receive the ID.
Solution: 22 is ___% of 40

P R B
p 22
R= = = 0.55 changed to percent becomes 55%
B 40
55% did not receive their senior citizen ID.

Example 3. Mary got 24 mistakes out of 200 in a test. What percent of

mistake did she get?
In this problem, you will have to break the total number of items (200) in a bar
which is 100% and divide it into 10 equal parts.
200

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10 % 10% 10%

The bar is divided into10 parts, each 10% is equal to 20.

The problem asked what percent of 200 is 24.

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We must take one unit and divide it in equal parts
20

4 4 4 4 4

2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 20 + 4 =24

10% + 2% =12% is the answer.

Let us check if the answer is the same if we substitute the given to the
formula
P
R= .
B
Since this problem is about finding the rate when the base and percentage
are given, the solution is
P 24 3
R= = 200 = = 0.12 changed to percent is 12%.
B 25

C. Find the BASE when the percentage and rate are given.

Base (B) is the whole or the total value represents 100% or.It is also the
original quantity or number and it is usually adjacent to the word “of”.

Example 1. 40% of ____ is 52

R x B = P

P
R is 40%, P is 52, the missing is B. To find B, the formula is B= , then,
R
change rate to decimal. 130
P 40 ⟌52.00
Solution: B = 40
R
52 120
B= = 130 120
0.40 0
0
0

Example 2. In a school field trip, only 25% of Grade VI – Copernicus class

joins the trip or only 10 of the class. How many are in the class?
Let us analyze 25% of ____ is 10
40
R B P 25⟌1000
P 100
Solution: B = 0
R
0
10 10 0
B= = 0
25% 0.25 0

B = 40

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 Example 3. 25 % of the number of guests arrived late for a wedding
ceremony. If 20 guests arrived late, find the total number of the guest who arrived
on time for the wedding ceremony.
100 %

20 people

25% guests who were on time for the wedding

(guests who arrived late)

From the above model we see that: 25% 20 guests

25% x 4 = 100% 20 guests x 4 = 100
(total number of guests during the wedding)

20
% = 0.8
25
(guests who were on time)

100 x 0.8 = 80 (guests who were on time)

80 guests were on time for the wedding ceremony
In this problem, B or base is missing. Let us check if the answer is the same
P
when we substitute the given to the formula B = . Change rate to decimal first.
R
P 20
B= = = 80
R 0.25

A. Complete the table by solving the missing value

Base Rate Percentage

1) 30 20%
2) 250 135
3) 5% 185
4) 300 6
5) 5.5 50%

B. Solve.
1. There are 40 students in a class and 75% are boys. How many are girls?
2. You have ₱ 50.00 in your wallet and you spent ₱40.00, what percent did you
spend?
3. Trisha got 18 on a test, which is 90% of the total items .What is the total number
of the items?
4. In a school with a total of 850 grade VI students only 590 graduated. What
percent of the student did not graduate?
5. Out of 40 senior citizens, 15% joins the zumba exercise. How many seniors do
not join the zumba exercise?

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 Percentage (P) is the part of the base. It is usually adjacent to the word
“is”. When P is unknown multiply R and B
Rate (R) is the ratio of the percentage to the base and is written with the
symbol %. When R is unknown divide P by B.
Base (B) is the whole or represents 100% or the total value. It is also the
original quantity or number and it usually adjacent to the word “of”
When B is unknown divide P by R and change decimal to percent.

Techan’s triangle is used to easily remember the formula in finding P, R

and B.
Percentage (P) = Rate (R) x Base (B)
P
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 (𝐏)
Base (B) =
𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞 (𝐑) R B
𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 (𝐏)
Rate (R) = x 100%
𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐞(𝐁)

A. Identify the Rate, Base and Percentage.

Given problem Base Rate Percentage
1. 12% of 50 is 6
2. 36 is 5% of 720
3. 50 is 50% of 100
4. 14 is 35% of 40
5. 65% of 90 is 58.5

B. Answer the following questions.

1. How much is your allowance per day?
2. a. If you save 30%, 25 %, 35%, 20% and15% of your allowance each day,
respectively, how much will be your savings in 5 days?
Tabulate your savings and add.
See example @ ₱ 30.00 allowance per day.
(Put your actual allowance and follow the rate)
Day Daily Allowance ( Base) Rate Total savings(Percentage)
1 ₱ 30 30% ₱ 9.00
2 ₱ 30 25% ₱ 7.50
3 ₱ 30 35% ₱10.50
4 ₱ 30 20% ₱ 6.00
5 ₱ 30 15% ₱ 4.50
Total ₱ 37.50
b. After 50 days of continued savings, how much will be your total money?
3. Give at least three reasons to save? Why is saving important for students?

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Encircle the letter of the correct answer
1.12% of 75 is ____. A.12 B. 9 C. 7 D. 5
2. What number is 8% of 200? A.10 B. 12 C.14 D. 16
3. What percent of 25 is 24? A. 70% B. 5% C. 96% D. 112%
4. 7 is 25% of 28. What is the base in the given example?
A. 7 B. 25% C. 28 D. none
5. Mr. Dayo has ₱ 12 000 in the bank. It is 15% of the money of his father. How
much is his father’s money?
A.₱ 111 500.00 B.₱108 000.00 C.₱ 80 000.00 D. ₱31 000.00
6. Ronnie is a student assistant and a consistent honor of the university. He took
the board exam and got 88% of 250 items. What is his score?
A. 220 B.248 C. 257 D. 346
7. Mother spends ₱ 11 250 for groceries. It is 45% of their monthly budget. How
much is their monthly budget?
A .₱12 000.00 B. ₱15 000.00 C. ₱25 000.00 D. ₱ 28 000.00
8. Mr. Hernandez’s money is not enough to buy a laptop worth ₱28 000.00.
His wife gave him 74% of the cost. How much money did he receive from his
wife? A. ₱ 20 000.00 B. ₱ 20 720.00 C. ₱ 21 300.00 D ₱22 800.00
9. An orphanage has 50 children; 24 are boys. What percent of the children are
girls? A.35% B. 35% C. 48% D.52%
10. There are 75 guests in a party; 18 are children. What percent are adult
guests? A.50% B. 55% C.65% D. 76%

References
Perez Marjoseph, PlacerDonnel, Burgos Jaime, 21st Century MathleteDepEd pages112-121

Marquez Elfrida, LicardoTeresita, Santos Lilia, Hilario Rebecca, Lesson in Elementary

Mathematics Grade VI, DepEd, 2005 pages 292-305

Balagtas MarilynU, Making Connections in MATHEMATICS for Grade 6, Vicarish

Publication and Trading Inc. pages 283-286
Percent Bar ModelYoutubehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8QWbmoHyvo