Percentage

Introduction:
This book will help you solve all type questions
related to percentage. This book is created
considering the quality of question which are
asked in the competitive exam. Once you have
mastered these notes, you will surely be able
solve any question asked in the exam so all the
best and lets us get started. Also if you are basics
are cleared then you can skip to question and try
to attempt them in order to get most out of it.

What is percentage?
The answer is in its name itself. The per means
divide and cent is 100 so the percentage is
basically dividing things into 100 in order to
compare them.
Why we need to study this?
Whenever we learn something, it is very
important for us to know why are we learning it.
The main purpose of percentage is to standardize
things and help us compare things.
Let us understand this with an example:
Name Marks obtained Total marks
Ramesh 35 50
Rajesh 17 20
John 6 10
In the above table, marks of different student in
different test is given, If we are to compare the
marks directly, we will say Ramesh has got the
highest marks but that is not the case here. We
need to take help of the percentage here in order
to get clear comparison between them.

Let us start with the basics, before we move

ahead, Let us derive the formula for the
percentage which will be suitable to use.
In the above case we can clearly interpret that
there is two data set i.e marks obtained and total
marks.

Therefore

Percentage=
For Ramesh
Percentage= (35/50) *100
=3500/50
=70%
Note: Percentage is denoted by the symbol % and
it is called percent.

Similarly for
Rajesh
Percentage=(17/20)*100
=1700/20
=85%
John
Percentage= (6/10)*100
=600/10
=60%

From the above calculation we can conclude that

it is Rajesh who has secured highest number of
percentages followed by Ramesh and John.

It is time to practice (yes, you can do it.)

Sr no Name Marks Total Percentage
obtained marks
1 Ritu 3 5
2 Raju 5 10
3 Rohan 10 15
4 Brett 15 20
5 Lee 20 25
6 Brian 25 30
7 Lara 30 35
8 Elon 35 40
9 Adani 40 45
10 Steve 45 50

# Percentage change:
% change= What we compare/ to whom we
compare *100
Let us understand this with an example
A= 120 kg of rice
B= 200 kg of rice
A and B are container and their capacity to hold
rice is given.
(i) A is what percent of b

=
= (120/200)*100
=12000/200
=60%
This means that A can contain only 60% to what B
can contain. So if I to make decision I would
select B if cost of both are same.
(ii) B is what % of A
=(b/a)*100
=(200/120)*100
=20000/120
=166.67%
This means that B can contain 166.67% of what A
can contain.
(iii) By how much % A is less that B
This means we need to find the difference
between A and B
B-A= 200-120=80

How much% = *100

=(80/200)*100
=40%
Therefore, A is less than B by 40%
(iv) By how much % B is more that A
=(b-a)/a *100
 = (80/120)*100
= 66.67%
B is 66.67% more than A
Question for practice
The price of HP laptop is $450 and the price of
Apple laptop is $1350.
You are required to find the following things.
1) The price of Apple laptop is what percentage of
price of Hp laptop
2) The price of HP laptop is what percentage of
price of Apple laptop
3) The price of HP laptop is how much more less of
price of Apple laptop
4) The price of Apple laptop is how much more
percent of price of HP laptop
Solution:
Let
A= Price of Hp laptop= $450
B= Price of Apple Laptop =$1350
1) A of what % of B
= (a/b)*100
=(450/1350)*100
= 33%
The prices of Hp laptop is 33% of Apple Laptop
(MacBook pro)
2) B is what % of A
=(b/a)*100
=(1350/450)*100
= 300%
The price of MacBook is 300% of HP laptop
3) A is how much less percent of B
 =(b-a)/b *100
= (1350-450)/1350 *100
= 66.67%
The price of Hp laptop is 66.67% less than of
MacBook
4) B is how more percent than A
=(b-a)/a *100
= (1350-450)/450*100
=200%
The price of MacBook is 200% more than Hp
laptop

#Concept of by and to
When the word ‘to’ is used then it means that it is
decrease to that level.
Example: A number is decrease to 20%, it means
that only 20% of that number is left.
If number 40 is decrease to 20% then
New number= (40*20)/100
=8

When the word ‘by’ is used that it means that the

number is decrease or increase by that percent.
Example: A number 40 is decrease by 20%
New number= Old number – decrease
=40 – 20%
= 40- (40*20)/100
=40-8
=32
# % to fraction
Divide the percent by 100
Convert 30% into fraction
= 30/100
=3/10
Convert 50% into fraction
=50/100
=1/2
# Fraction to %
Multiply the fraction to 100
1) Convert 2/5 into %
=(2/5)*100
= (2*100)/5
=200/5
=40%
2) Convert 4/60 into %
=(4/60)*100
=(4*100)/60
=400/60
= 6.67%
Question for practice
Convert the fraction into percentage and check
the answer below.
Fraction Percentage
45/90 50%
44/50 88%
37/75 49.33%
23/37 62.16%
15/20 75%
14/30 46.67%
7/10 70%

If you find any difficulty while calculating the

answer above, refer the method above and focus
on your calculation methods.
Common Fraction and their percentage.
Fraction Percentage
1 100%
½ 50%
1/3 33.33% or 33 1/3 %
¼ 25%
1/5 20%
1/6 16.67% or 16 2/3 %
1/7 14.28% or 14 2/7 %
1/8 12.5% or 12 ½ %
1/9 11.11% or 11 1/9%
1/10 10%
1/11 9.09% 9 1/11%
1/12 8.33% or 8 1/3%
1/13 7.69% or 7 9/13%
1/14 7.14% or 7 1/7%
1/15 6.67% or 6 2/3%
1/16 6.25% or 6 ¼%
1/17 5.88%
1/18 5.56%
1/19 5.26%
1/20 5%
1/24 4.16%
1/25 4%
¾ 75%
2/5 40%
Please Note:
1) Ignore calculator tricks if it isn’t allowed in your
exam.
2) Mathematics is all about practice, keep
practicing more and more sum so that you don’t
make mistakes in your exams.
3) If you have any doubt, you can always ask me in
review section, I would get back to you as soon I
see it.
4) Try to become self-reliant, if you can’t
understand it, YouTube it, take the help of
google or maybe your teachers. This attitude
will help you learn anything in the world.
5) If you want more practice and you can’t find it
elsewhere, let me know in the review section, I
will attach worksheets to this document which
will help you boost your preparation.
6) Also feel to point out any mistake you find in
this document, after all we all are humans and
we are still learning.
7) I wish you all the best on this beautiful math’s
journey and I believe in you that you will crack
all the exams with your true ability. Focus on
educating yourself which you can use in your
day to day life.