Grade 7 Math notes on class 2

Ratio and Percent

Basic knowledge

1. Ratio
1) A ratio is a comparison of two or more quantities expressed in the some unit.
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Ratios can be written in several ways. 7 to 5, 7 : 5, and name the same ratio.
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For examples:
12 inches = 1 foot
3 feet = 1 yard
36 inches = 1 yard

Example 1: Write the ratio 15 bikes to 9 skateboards in simplest form.

bikes 15 5
 
skateboard 9 3
5
The ratio of bikes to skateboards is , 5 : 3, or 5 to 3.
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Example 2: Write the ratio 24 shirts to 9 jeans in simplest form.

shirts 24 8
 
jeans 9 3
8
The ratio of shirts to jeans is , 8 : 3, or 8 to 3.
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2. Equivalent ratio represents the comparison among the terms.

When simplifying ratios based on measurements, write the quantities with the same units, if possible.

Example 3: Writing Ratios Based on Measurement

Write the ratio 3 yards to 12 feet in simplest form.

First convert yards to feet. 3 yards = 3 × 3 feet = 9 feet

Now write the ratio.

3 yards 9 feet 9 3
  
12 feet 12 feet 12 4

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Grade 7 Math notes on class 2

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The ratio is , 3 : 4, or 3 to 4.
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Example 2: Write the ratio 36 inches to 4 feet in simplest form.

First convert feet to inches.

4 feet = 4 × 12 inches = 48 inches

Now write the ratio.

36inches 36 feet 3
 
4 feet 48 feet 4
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The ratio is , 3 : 4, or 3 to 4.
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Example 3: Determining Whether Two Ratios Are Equivalent

Simplify to tell whether the ratios are equivalent.

3 2
a) and
27 18
3 1 2 1
 and 
27 9 18 9

1 1
Since  , the ratios are equivalent.
9 9

12 27
b) and
15 36
12 4 27 3
 and 
15 5 36 4

4 3
Since  , the ratios are not equivalent.
5 4

a c b d
3) If  then  .
b d a c

a c
4) If  or a : b  c : b , then a  d  b  c
b d

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Grade 7 Math notes on class 2

2. Percent

1) Definition
Percent means parts per 100. When you say "Percent" you are really saying "per 100"
For example, 50% means 50 per 100. 25% means 25 per 100.

2) Using Percent

Because "Percent" means "per 100" you should think "this should always be divided by 100"

So 75% really means 75/100

And 100% is 100/100, or exactly 1 (100% of any number is just the number, unchanged)
And 200% is 200/100, or exactly 2 (200% of any number is twice the number)

Use the slider on the left and try some different numbers (example, what is 60% of 80?)

Example 1:

Calculate 25% of 80
25% = 25/100
(25/100) ×80 = 20
So 25% of 80 is 20

Example 2:

15% of 200 apples were bad. How many apples were bad?
15% = 15/100
(15/100) ×200 = 15 × 2 = 30 apples
30 apples were bad

3. Percentages, Fractions and Decimals

Decimals, Fractions and Percentages are just different ways of showing the same value:

A Quarter can be written...

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As a fraction: /4
As a decimal: 0.25
As a percentage: 25%

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Grade 7 Math notes on class 2

1) Example Values

Here is a table of commonly occurring values shown in Percent, Decimal and Fraction form:

Percent Decimal Fraction

1
1% 0.01 /100
1
5% 0.05 /20
1
10% 0.1 /10
1
12½% 0.125 /8
1
20% 0.2 /5
1
25% 0.25 /4
331/3% 0.333... 1
/3
1
50% 0.5 /2
3
75% 0.75 /4
4
80% 0.8 /5
9
90% 0.9 /10
99
99% 0.99 /100
100% 1
5
125% 1.25 /4
3
150% 1.5 /2
200% 2

2) Converting Between Percentage and Decimal

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Percentage means "per 100", so 50% means 50 per 100, or simply /100. If you divide 50 by 100 you
get 0.5 (a decimal number). So:

To convert from percentage to decimal: divide by 100 (and remove the "%" sign).
To convert from decimal to percentage: multiply by 100 (and add a "%" sign).

The easiest way to multiply (or divide) by 100 is to move the decimal point 2 places. So:

From Decimal To Percent

move the decimal point 2 places to the right, and add the
"%" sign.
... or ...

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Grade 7 Math notes on class 2

From Percent To Decimal

move the decimal point 2 places to the left, and remove
the "%" sign.

3) Converting Between Percentages and Fractions

The easiest way to convert a fraction to a percentage is to divide the top number by the bottom number.
then multiply the result by 100 (and add the "%" sign)

Example: Convert 3/8 to a percentage

First divide 3 by 8: 3 ÷8 = 0.375,
Then multiply by 100: 0.375 x 100 = 37.5
Add the "%" sign: 37.5%
Answer: 3/8 = 37.5%

To convert a percentage to a fraction, first convert to a decimal (divide by 100), then use the steps for
converting decimal to fractions.

Questions in class

1. Given that 1 mile = 8 furlongs and 1 furlong = 40 rods, what is the number of rods in one mile?

2. Suppose the estimated 20 billion dollar cost to send a person to the planet Mars is shared equally by
the 250 million people in the U.S. Then find each person's share.

3. Martians measure angles in clerts. There are 500 clefts in a full circle. How many clerts are there in
a right angle?

4. Walter has exactly one penny, one nickel, one dime and one quarter in his pocket. What percent of
one dollar is in his pocket?

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Grade 7 Math notes on class 2

5. A team won 40 of its first 50 games. How many of the remaining 40 games must this team win so it
will have won exactly 70% of its games for the season?

6. A shopper buys a $100 coat on sale for 20% off. An additional $5 is taken off the sale price by using
a discount coupon. A sales tax of 8% is paid on the final selling price. Find the total amount the shopper
pays for the coat.

7. If 20% of a number is 12, what is 30% of the same number?

(A) 15 (B) 18 (C) 20 (D) 24 (E) 30

8. During the softball season, Judy had 35 hits. Among her hits were 1 home run, 1 triple and 5 doubles.
The rest of her hits were singles. What percent of her hits were singles?

9. A dress originally priced at $80 was put on sale at 25% off. If l0% tax was added to the sale price,
then what was the total selling price of the dress?

10. There are 2 boys for every 3 girls in Ms. Johnson's math class. If there are 30 students in her class,
what percent of them are boys?