Tanta University

Faculty of Nursing

Master Degree

2012-2013

Research in: Education

Teaching learning concept&program

construction
UnderSupervision of

Pro.Dr | Nahed El-morsy

Prepared by

-Shaimaa Mosaad.

- Marwaa Zwail.

-Eman Fakih.

-Engy Magdy.

-Abeer Ebrahim.

-Halla Magdy.

-Eman Mohamed.

-Hasnaa Abd El-wahab.

Out lines:
-Introduction

-Definition of teaching.

-Purpose of teaching.

-Approaches of teaching.

-Characteristics of good teaching.

-Qualities of good teacher.

-Definition of learning.

- principles of learning.

-Educator's role in learning.

-Characteristics of good learning.

-Definition of educational program.

-The fourc's of curriculum planning.

-Plan of action for preparation of an educational program.

Introduction

Teaching and learning is a process that includes many

variables. These variables interact as learners work toward
their goals and incorporate new knowledge, behaviors, and
.skill that add to their range of learning experiences
learning is the acquisition of knowledge or skill through
,education,itis also an important source of motivation
.stimulation and job satisfaction
Education should be a part of everyone's life. A good
education offers something for everyone, whether it be on

the simple level or a more complex one. Education should

provide provide an opportunity for students to develop a

strong sense of creativity, a high self esteem, and a life long

respect for learning. Education should help students

establish a strong sense of confidence in themselves.

Ateacher will be one factor that helps a student learn

progress along their way through life.

Definition of teaching:-
Interaction between teacher and student under the teacher's
responsibility in order to bring about expected changes in the
student's behavior.

Purpose of teaching
To help students to

-Acquire, retain and be able to use knowledge.

-Understand ,analyse ,synthesize and evaluate.

-Achieve skills.

-Establish habits.

-develop attitudes.

Teaching approaches
Activities that help teacher to approach her students, such as

1 -Talk to students.
2 -talk with students.
3 -Have them to talk together.
4 -Show students how.
5 -Supervise them .
6-Provide opportunities for practice.

Characteristics of good teaching.

.It gives desirable information-1

.It creates self-motivation for learning -2

.Effective planning is essential for good teaching -3

.The students remain active in good teaching-4

.It is based on democratic ideals-5

.It is directional in nature-6

It is based on the co-operation of teacher and students -7

.It is based on previous knowledge of teacher -8

.It is progressive-9

.It includes all sorts of teaching methods-10

.It enhances the potentialities of the students - 11.

Qualities of A Good teacher
1-A good teacher has to be knowledgeable, confident, caring
and sharing, fair and well-organized too.
2- Good teacher must to be a good communicator.
3-A good teacher must have a good time management skills
4-A good teacher should be a good leader and a good friend
5-A good sense of humor
6-A good teacher should be a positive role model .
7- A good teacher is creative and calm.
8-A good teacher should make the lesson interesting.
9- A good teacher should be :approachable, skillful, open
-minded, optimistic, cheerful and loving

Definition of learning :-
Its achange in behavior(knowledge, skills,and attitudesthat can
occur at any time or any place as result of exposure to
environmental stimuli.

Principles of learning
1-pre-learning prepration ;is pre –requisite to the lesson at
hand.
2-motivation is the key.

3-learning is individualized.
4-active participation: of learner,and not passive receiver.

5-feedback: to learner is important

.
6-practice: learner should be provided oppprtunities to
practice periodically what they have learned.

The educator's role in learning

1-Assessing learning needs ,proplem or deficits,redness to
learn and developing proplem solving skills
1. -Learning Need :is the gap between what someone
knows and what Someone need to know(what client need
to learn)

• important steps in the assessment of learning needs:

A)Identify the client:: (who is the client?)
* Is the client one individual a single need or many
needs have to be fulfilled
*Is there more than one client are their needs
Diverse
B)Collect data on the client:
by exploring typical health problems or issues of interest to
that client.

C)Prioritize needs:
- Prioritizing needs according to Maslow's hierarchy .of-human
needs. (help the client to meet the most basic needs first, and
learning of other needs will be delayed)
.
D)Choose the right setting:
Establishing trusting environment by assuring privacy and
confidentiality. (this will help clients feel a sense of security in
confiding information)

E)Determine availability of educational resources:

the proper educational resources should be available, realistic
to obtain, and match the client's need.

F)Assess demands of the organization:

its philosophy, mission, strategic plan, and goals.

G)Involve members of the healthcare team:

Other healthcare professionals ma^have insight into the
clients needs as a result of frequent contact with them.

H)Take time-management issues into account

2. Readiness to Learn
is defined_as_the time when learner are interest in learning
and able to participate in learning process.

 Types of Readiness to Learn "PEEK"

P = Physical Readiness
-Measures the ability
-Complexity of task
-Environmental effects
-Health status
-Gender
E = Emotional Readiness
-Anxiety level
 -Support system
-Motivation
-Risk-taking behavior
-Frame of mind
-Developmental stage

E = Experiential Readiness
Level of aspiration
Past coping mechanisms
Cultural background

K = Knowledge Readiness
-Present knowledge base
-Cognitive ability
-Learning disabilities
-Learning styles

2-planning and designing of a teatching program.

3-Implementation of instrucational methods and materials.

4-evaluate learner abilities.

Characteristics of good learning

1- Producing behavioral change in the learner .
2- producing a relatively permanent change that is also gradual
,adaptable and selective.
3-Resulting from practice, repetition and experience.
4-Gradual process, step by step.

Condition to facilitate learning :-

An atmosphere which
-Encourages people to be active .
-Emphasizes the personal nature of learning .
- Accepts that difference is desirable.
- Recognizes people's right to make mistakes.
-Tolerates imperfection .
-Encourages openness of mind and trust in self .
-Facilitates discovery .
-Makes people feel respected and accepted .
-Permits confrontation of ideas .

Obstacles to learning
1-The stress of acute and chronic illness, anxiety , sensory
deficits and low literacy can diminish learner motivation .
2-The negative influence of the environment it self ,lack of
privacy ,can interfere with clients active role in decision
making .
3-Lack of time to learn ,can discourage the learner ,impeding
the ability to learn .
4-personal charcteristics of the learner(readiness to
learn,motivation,and compliance).
5-Lack of support and ongoing positive reinforcement.
.6-Denial of learning needs , and lack of willingness to take
responsibility.

Educational program
Definition
Program describes a series of planned educational activities a
student is to go through with the assistance of teachers .

Curriculum
Is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught , either at
university ,or via other such method .

 Integration of a curriculum
Coordination of different teaching / learning activities to
ensure the harmonious functioning of the educational process
for more effective training.

 The fourc's of curriculum planning :

A program prepared jointly

by a group of persons will
Cooperative
be less liable to error than
one prepared by a single
person
 The preparation of a
program is not a one shot
operation in planning it
Continuous provision should be made
for its continuing revision

In an approach which
accepts the interaction of
Comprehensive
all the program
components must be
defined with the requisite
precision

General&abstract
consideration are not a
Concrete
-sufficient for drawing up
aprogram .concrete
professional tasks must
constitute the essential
structure of a relvant
program
Plan of action for preparation of an
educational program:
There are (8) steps:-

1.prospective study to evaluate the country's requirements

(quantitative and qualitative ) in respect of health personnel ,
taking into account what is available and can be absorbed .
2- Definition of educational objectives of the school of health
sciences in accordance with the tasks to be accomplished by
each professional.
3-Organization of an information group on education planning
for health sciences.
4-Acceptance by the faculty staff of the goals established in the
light of the country's requirements , training of teachers in
education planning .
5- Development of a system of evaluation :
a-certifying tests.
b-continuous formative evaluation indicating whether the goal
has been attained .
6-Modification of program and selection of methods by which
to attain the goals .
7-Organization of a group for research in education.
8-Periodic re-evaluation of goals and methods in response to
changes in the country's needs and in the light of evaluation.

Reference
-http:/en.wikipEdia.org /wild/characteristics o f good caching/nursing
education.

-http://www.learning.vic.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/characteristics of

learning/principles +condition to facilitate/ education /obstacles .

-http://www.go.cal/educational program /plan of action/2264 / defulat

.aspx.

-Dian M .Billmgs ,EdD ,RN,F A AN/Teaching in nursing ,2 ,

2005,Lippincott,b.n.lO-37.

-Judith A.HALSTEAD, DNS, RN, Educarional hand books for health

personnel,2nd ,2003, massbo.

BirchenaJl P. (2000), Nurse education in the year 2000; .Reflection,

speculation and challenge. . Nurse Education Today, 20,1-2.

Casey, F. S. (J 995). Documenting patient education: A literature review.

Journal of Continuing Educa-tion in Nursing, 26(6), 257-260.