NATURE CONSERVATION (BFC10202)

SECTION 1

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

TITLE : SUSTAINABLE CHALLENGE COMPETITION

NAME : MUHAMMAD HAZIM BIN AHMAD FAUZI

NO MATRIC : DF190070

LECTURER NAME : DR. NUR SHAYLINDA BINTI MOHD ZIN

DUE DATE : 30 APRIL 2021

 INTRODUCTION

Every year on April 22nd, Earth Day is commemorated. The day

commemorates the beginning of the new environmental movement in 1970 [1].

Several organizations and governments hold special activities to raise public

awareness of climate change and global warming. The day motivates us to take

action to protect the environment and to emphasize the importance of conservation.

Nature Conservation is an open access, peer-reviewed, and quickly published

online journal that covers all aspects of nature conservation. The journal publishes

papers from all disciplines involved in basic and applied conservation ecology and

nature conservation in general, from populations to habitats, and from

microorganisms and fungi to higher plants and animals, at various spatial, temporal,

and evolutionary scales. Papers on ethical, ecological, socio-economic, legal, and

policy issues related to the management and use of biodiversity and ecosystems are

also encouraged.

Habitat conservation, avoiding deforestation, slowing species extinction,

eliminating overfishing, and combating climate change are all conservation priorities.

Conservationists are driven by a variety of philosophical perspectives in order to

achieve these various goals.

Many expressions of the conservation ethic are based on the belief that the

natural environment has intrinsic and intangible value in addition to functional value–

a viewpoint shared by sections of the scientific conservation movement and some of

the older Romantic schools of ecology. Individual organisms (biocentrism) or

biological wholes such as species or ecosystems have been assigned intrinsic value

by philosophers (ecoholism).

More utilitarian conservation schools have an anthropocentric perspective and

pursue a proper valuation of local and global effects of human action on nature in

terms of their influence on human well-being now and in the future. The social,

political, and personal restraints and imperatives under which conservation is

practiced are determined by how such values are assessed and exchanged among

people. This is a common viewpoint in today's environmental movement. The idea of

expanding the responsibility for human well-being to include the needs of sentient

animals is gaining popularity. Ecofeminism and compassionate conservation are two

branches of conservation ethics that focus on sentient people.

 The first challenge is pick up the trash. I take this as a challenge because I

believe that there is power in the collective to keep wilderness trails free of litter. So,

I will explain more about pick up the trash in context of nature conservation.

Firstly, it will give a big impact for our living things such as animals and

humans also benefit from less litter on wilderness trails. Litter is not only unsightly

and may detract from our enjoyment of nature, but it also poses a threat to animals

that can ingest it. Litter on the trail always ends up in a river, and we all know where
our rivers flow. We are ensuring that litter does not end up in our oceans by

eliminating it from mountain ecosystems [2].

After that, it also can protects the wildlife. Litter may be mistaken for food or

nesting materials by the animals in your field. I can't tell you how many times I've

seen birds picking up plastic debris. If garbage enters rivers, it is likely to have a

negative impact on marine habitats. Picking up garbage makes it less likely for

animals to come across it.

We also can reduce the cost to clean up the trash. Litter cleanup costs a lot of

money in the Malaysia. Since these expenses are borne between the government

and local companies, cleaning up litter will also redirect those funds to something

that can benefit the community more.

Out of interest, small children are more likely to pick up garbage. Unfortunately,

this is a safety hazard, since children are prone to putting items in their mouth that

aren't supposed to be there. This risk is reduced by keeping garbage off the streets.

After all, litter is an environmental disaster. Litter can have a negative effect on

a community's sense of belonging and make people feel unsafe. You are

demonstrating pride in your neighborhood and beautifying the region by picking it up.

This also can make our neighbourhood look beautiful.

 The second challenge is save energy. We have probably heard about the buzz

surrounding going green and conserving electricity. Every day, the green movement

seems to have taken over the world, inspiring eco-conscious people [3]. If you are

unfamiliar with the green energy industry, keep reading to learn why you should save

energy.

While it may not be immediately apparent, there is a clear connection between

your energy consumption and the climate. When you use less energy, you help to

reduce the amount of harmful fumes emitted by power plants, save natural
resources, and preserve habitats. You will help to make the planet a better and

happier place by reducing your energy consumption.

There are many reasons why we should consider reducing your energy use. To

begin with, reducing energy consumption reduces the amount of carbon dioxide

released into the atmosphere. Climate change is believed to be the cause of recent

strong natural disasters, and carbon emissions play a major role in this.

As a result, conserving resources improves one's quality of life. Air quality

improves as emissions are reduced. Furthermore, it contributes to the creation of a

better world, or at the very least, it aids in the preservation of the resources we

already have. Conserving energy can help to ensure that lakes, plants, and animals

survive for future generations.

Why save energy, if not for the environment? The solution is straightforward:

you can save money! Cutting back on your energy use will help you save a lot of

money on your energy bill. You could save hundreds of dollars on your energy bills

this year by combining a few easy energy improvements. No matter who you are,

there is still space for energy improvements.

 After that, the third challenge is recycling. Recycling is one of the most

effective ways to make a meaningful difference in the world. Both the natural world

and humans benefit from recycling. We must act quickly because the amount of

waste we produce is steadily rising.

I will explain why we need to recycle because it will give more benefits to us.

For your information, recycling can conserves resources. Used materials are

recycled into new goods as we recycle, reducing the need for natural resources. If

used materials cannot be recycled, new goods are created by mining and forestry to
remove fresh, raw materials from the Earth. Recycling aids in the conservation of

vital raw materials and the preservation of natural habitats in the future.

Furthemore, recycling also can protect the environment and reduces landfill.

Recycling eliminates the need for raw material extraction (mining, quarrying, and

logging), refining, and manufacturing, all of which pollute the air and water. Recycling

saves electricity while also lowering greenhouse gas emissions, which aids in the

fight against climate change. In addition, recycling allows recyclable materials to be

reprocessed into new items, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills [4].

”Bring Your Own Bag (BYOB)” is the fourth challenge. There are many

advantages that why we need to bring our own bag. The first one is we can save the

cost. When you bring your own bags to the supermarket, You should be able to save

about RM 0.30 per piece. You can save about RM14 a year if you shop once a

week and use about five bags.

Have you ever considered how long a plastic bag takes to decompose? A bag

will take 1,000 years or more to decompose, depending on the climate. One million

birds and over 100,000 marine mammals are believed to be injured or killed every

year as they mistake plastic for food or become entangled in it [5].

 Last but not least is “bring or use a

reusable water bottle”. Reusable

water bottle actually really helps the

environment because there is not much

going for single-use plastic water bottles

from the point of manufacture to where

they finally end up. Purchasing a

reusable water bottle benefits the

environment in all of the respects that

disposable water bottles do. Reusable

water bottles benefit the environment by

using less resources, releasing less toxic

gas, and protecting water resources and

aquatic animals [6].

For the first benefit is it can protect marine and water life. It is also good for the

environment if you use a reusable water bottle. According to Ban the Bottle, it takes

more water to make a plastic bottle than is placed in the bottle for drinking, which is

bizarre.

Moreover, a reusable water bottle uses less energy to manufacture, removes all

of the plastics you would have used, and thereby decreases both the carbon
footprint and the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills, oceans, lakes, and

other areas.

After all using a reusable water bottle is obviously safer for the environment in a

variety of ways. They use less oil, emit less carbon dioxide, don't fill landfills, and are

generally good for water.

 REFERENCE

[1]. Webber, David J. "Earth Day and its precursors: Continuity and change in the

evolution of midtwentieth‐century US environmental policy." Review of Policy

Research 25.4 (2008): 313-332.

[2]. Newsome, D., A. Smith, and S. A. Moore. "Horse riding in protected areas: a

critical review and implications for research and management." Current Issues

in Tourism 11.2 (2008): 144-166.

[3]. Piccirillo, Cara. How Green is the Mouse?: A Look at the Use of Green

Marketing in Walt Disney World to Promote Environmental Policy and

Standards. Diss. Florida Atlantic University, Honors College, 2008.

[4]. Smith, Alison. The climate bonus: co-benefits of climate policy. Routledge,

2013.

[5]. Derraik, Jose GB. "The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris:

a review." Marine pollution bulletin 44.9 (2002): 842-852.

[6]. Miller, Shelie A. "Five misperceptions surrounding the environmental impacts

of single-use plastic." Environmental Science & Technology 54.22 (2020):

14143-14151.