A.

Interchange of Sentences
B. Composition
CHAPTER C. Notice and Email
. Practice Paper-1

A. Interchange of Sentences
The sentence is the basic unit of expression in English. The two other important units
are: the word and the paragraph. The sentence is regarded as the basic unit in the sense that the
particular meaning of any word is defined by the sentence in which it occurs. In the same way,
the particular significance of any paragraph is determined by the sentences making it up. The
effectiveness of a piece of writing can, therefore, be seen in terms of the quality of its sentences.

KINDS OF SENTENCES
There are four kinds of sentences.

1. Declarative or Assertive Sente

A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called a Declarative or Assertive
Sentence; as,
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
Borrowed garments never fit well.
Assertive Sentences can be either affirmative or negative; as,
You look fresh. (affirmative)
You do not look tired. (1negative)
I forgot to bring the book. (affirmative)
I did not remember to bring the book. (7negative)

2. Interrogative Sentence
A sentence that asksa question is called an Interrogative Sentence; as,
What do you want?
Where are you going?

3. Imperative Sentence
A sentence that expresses a command or an entreaty is called an Imperative Sentence; as,
Sit dowm.
Please open the door.

4. Exclamatory Sentence
A sentence that expresses a strong feeling is called an Exclamatory Sentence; as,

Alas! He is dead.

Chapter 1
 4. Senter

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Itering its
m a t c h .
to 1. The
changed
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w o n

may
We
have form
sentences.

of Th
H u r r a h ! g rammatical
g r a m m a t i c a l
transformation

the
from
one

k n o w n
as
2.
HE
s e n t e n c e
is I N T E R C H A N G EO FS E N T E N C E S
A
Such
a
process
H
meaning.

S e n t e n c e s

Affirmative
and
Negative
(affirmative)
1. (1negative)
a
luxury.
Examples: such
a luxury.
afford

a prince
carn
aftord
such
(affirmative)
1. Only
can

a prince (negative)
except correct.

No o n e it was
whether 5. DeE
doubtful
was
correct.
(negative)
2. She w h e t h e r it
was

sure
It is
She was
not c o m f o r t a b l e . (asffirmative) Wit
journey
not find the
3. He will
u n c o m f o r t a b l e .

(71egative) ExE
find the journey
He will clever. (affirmative)
denied that
she was
1.
4. No
one
clever.
she was
affirmed that
All
Sentences
and Assertive
2. Interrogative
(assertive)
Examples: this programme.
time in watching (interrogative)
to waste
1. It is foolish
this programme?
waste time in watching (assertive)
Why hard-work.
succeed without (interrogative)
2. We could not
without hard-work?
Could we succeed (interrogative)
3. Who believes in
his tall talk? (assertive)
Nobelieves in his tall talk.
one
interrogative)
with his superior?
4. Is he not wise to agree (assertive)
He is wise to agree with his superior.

3.Exclamatory and Assertive Sentences Re

Examples: cha
1. How beautiful the moon is! (exclamatory)
The moon is very beautiful. (assertive)

2. That we were at home (exclamatory)

again!
We wish that we were at home (assertive)
again.
3. It is sad to think that all
good things come to an end. (assertive)
Alas! All good
things should come to an end! (exclamatory)
4. It was a horrible
moment. (assertive)
What a horrible moment it was! (exclamatory)

8
Total English-1X
 4. Sentences Containing the Adverb "too"
its
Examples:
1. These mangoes are too cheap to be fresh.
These mangoes are so cheap that they cannot be fresh.
2. He is too strong to be defeated.
He is so strong that he cannot be defeated.

3. The hall is so small that all cannot be accommodated.

The hall is too small to accommodate all.
4. He speaks so softly that he cannot be heard.
He speaks too softly to be heard.

5. Degrees of Comparison
It is possible to change the degree of comparison of an adjective or an adverb in a sentence
without changing its meaning.
Examples:
1. Ashok is taller than Ravi. (comparative)
Ravi is not as tall as Ashok. positive)
2. No other country is as rich as America.
positive)
America is richer than any other country.
(comparative)
America is the richest of all countries.
(superlative)
3. Ashoka of the greatest kings.
was one
(superlative)
Ashoka was greater than many other
kings. (comparative)
Very few kings were as great as Ashoka.
(positive)
4. No other metal is as heavy as lead.
Lead is heavier than any other metal. (positive)
Lead is the heaviest of all metals.
(comparative)
(superlative)
OOCASSIGNMENT DOO
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions
changing their meaning. given after each without

1. It is admitted that he is the

greatest cricketer of the courntry.
Begin: He is

2. I was not sure that you will attend the party.

Begin: I was **

3 It is a horrible night.
End:. a horrible night!

K Chapter 1 9
 admit that ne surtBelea hard
throughout his life
Everybody will
LUse: Nobody.

full that she cannot express her feelings. The most impe
5. Her heart is so
are asked to
Use: too.
test your abil
esmeviwauicisueouxssasndu..unudyu Your compos
original writi
big a circulation as this.
6. No other magazine has as

End: ..... Of all the

magazines,
of doing the fraud? 1. Choice of
7. Why should you suspect me

First of al
Begin: Why should I ad59aer****eucesrerss
8. He went to his house so that he might leave a message for her. Choose a to

Begin: He wished. which

This
. She had to sign the contract, or be expelled.
Comp
Begin: If she and
man
10. I shall rejoin office when I am in better health.
have
Begin: I must of it
11. You should note down the points, so I spoke slowly. whic
End: note down imag
the points. inter
12 The weather is bad and it might be worse. on
Begin: Bad as .
of id
13. Finish your assignment and then on
you may go home.
End: kno
your
assignment. if yc
14. Hear her out
patiently and you will understand her viewpoint.
on
Begin: If you.
exp
15. I wish I had the
wings of a dove. live
End:
Ln V
the wings of a dove!
16. As soon as he you
saw the lion, he climbed up a tree. You
Begin: No sooner..
irre
10

Ch
Total English-IX