Name: Lujain Mohammed Alsyouf

ID: 20100429

Section: 1

Course: 2

Experiment: 4

Acid-Base Titration"
"Curves
:Aim
To track the change in pH with an acid-base titration curves and to gain
familiarity with acid-base indicators.

:Results, calculations and discussion

1: NaOH–HCl mL NaOH pH mL NaOH pH

Titration 0.0 1.86 25.0 9.29
5.0 1.95 25.5 9.32
i) VNaOH at equivalence 10.0 2.11 26.0 9.44
point = 18.5 mL 15.0 2.51 26.5 9.50
17.5 3.96 27.0 9.64
ii) pH at equivalence 20.0 8.48 27.5 9.73
point = 7.48 21.0 8.69 28.0 10.17
22.0 8.87 29.0 11.10
iii) Determine whether the 23.0 9.01 30.0
equivalence point is 23.5 9.09 32.0
neutral, acidic or 24.0 9.15 35.0
basic: Neural 24.5 9.21
iv) Suitable indicator(s):

" Titration
12.0 Curve foor the titration of strong acid "HCl" and a strong base
NaOH"
10.0

8.0

6.0
PH

4.0

2.0

0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

Volume of base (NaOH) added, ml

Bromothymol Blue
 mL HCl pH mL HCl pH
2: NH3 –HCl Titration
0.0 10.60 24.0 2.99
5.0 9.46 24.5 2.51
i) VHCl at equivalence 10.0 9.05 25.0 2.27
point = 24.0 mL 15.0 8.69 25.5 2.12
16.0 8.62 26.0 2.04
ii) pH at equivalence 17.0 8.56 26.5 1.97
point = 2.99 18.0 8.47 27.0 1.91
19.0 8.36 27.5 1.87
iii) Determine whether the 20.0 8.25 28.0 1.82
equivalence point is 21.0 8.10 29.0 1.76
neutral, acidic or 22.0 7.88 30.0 1.71
basic. Acidic 23.0 7.43 32.0 1.63
23.5 6.93 35.0 1.55
iv) Suitable indicator(s):
Methyl red

" Titration
10.0 Curve foor the titration of strong acid "HCl" and a week base "NH3"
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
PH

4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

Volume of acid (HCl) added, ml

 3: HC2H3O2 –NaOH Titration [refer to Experiment 3]

i) VNaOH at equivalence point = 25.5 mL

ii) pH at equivalence point = 10.45
iii) Determine whether the equivalence point is neutral, acidic, or basic: Basic
iv) Suitable indicator(s): Phenolphethlein

" Titration
14.0 Curve foor the titration of a weak acid CH3COOH and a strong base
NaOH"
12.0

10.0

8.0
PH

6.0

4.0

2.0

0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
Volume of base added, ml

:Points to discuss
The net ionic equation for a strong acid and a strong base, pH will -
:be equal to 7 at the equivalence point

H+ (aq) + OH‾ (aq) → H2O (l)

-: The net ionic equation for a weak acid and a stong base in our experiment

HC2H3O2 (aq) + OH‾ (aq) → C2H3O2‾ (aq) + H2O (l)

The acetate ion undergoes hydrolysis and produces OH‾ ions , that’s why it is
: a basic solution, pH will be greater than 7 at the equivalence point

C2H3O2‾ (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HC2H3O2 (aq) + OH‾ (aq)

:The net ionic equation for a strong acid and a weak base in our exoeriment -

H+ (aq) + NH3 (aq) → NH4+ (aq)

The pH at the equivalence point is less than 7 due to the hydrolysis of the
:NH4+, that because it produces H+ ions

H4+ (aq) ⇌ NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq)

The equivalence point, as we have seen, is the point at which the number of -
moles of OH‾ ions added to a solution is equal to the number of moles of H +
.ions originally present

The indicator is usually a weak organic acid or a base that has distinctly -
different colors in its nonionized and ionized forms, the end point of a
titration occurs when the indicator changes color and not all indicators change
.color at the same pH

If an indicator is in a sufficiently acidic medium, the equilibrium, it shifts to -

the left and the predominant color of the indicator is that of the nonionized
form (HIn). On the other hand, in a basic medium the equilibrium shifts to the
right and the color of the solution will be due mainly to that of the conjugate
base (In‾). HIn (aq) ⇌ H+ (aq) + In‾ (aq)

:Errors and sources of errors

As we can notice, there are no clear errors, however there might be a -
small percentage of errors and that could refer to the non-mixed
solution , or that the electrodes were touched with bottom of the
.beaker

We should not readjust the knobs because the PH- meter has been -
.standardized

We should take care of adding the right amounts of quantities and the -
suitable concentrations as well , also we should be careful while taking
.readings by the PH meter

In Part 2 of the experiment , we have to add the strong acid "HCl" in -

the burette and the weak base "NH3" in the beaker because of the
."volatility of the "NH3

:Conclusion
As the a conclusion we could determine the PH of different solutions by
.tracking the change of their PH
Moreover we should choose the suitable indicator by depending on the
.base and acid used and depending on the indicators PH range