9

Arts
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Week 10
Western Classical Art Traditions
on Architecture
Arts – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 10:
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
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over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Nalven A. Catubig

Content Editors: Nenita G. Jaralve
Language Editor: Fanny Y. Inumerables
Lay out Editor: Charmaine L. Juvahib
QA Evaluator: Niño Paulo J. Repunte
Moderator in Arts: Archie S. Gallego
Moderator: Milanie M. Panique
Management Team: Marilyn S. Andales Ed. D. CESO V- Division Superintendent
Leah B. Apao, Ed.D., CESE – Asst. Schools Division
Superintendent
Ester A. Futalan, Ed.D. – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Cartesa M. Perico, Ed.D. – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mary Ann Flores - CID Chief
Isaiash T. Wagas - EPS LRMS
Nenita G. Jaralve – EPS MAPEH
Name of Regional ADM Coordinator
Name
Printed in the Philippines byof________________________
CID Chief
Nenita G. Jaralve
Department of Education – Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: DepEd Name of DivisionIPHO
Cebu Province, ADMBuilding,
Coordinator
Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
E-mail Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph ; depedcebuprovince@yahoo.com
 9

Arts
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Week 10
Western Classical Art Traditions
on Architecture
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Arts 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Western

Classical Art Traditions on Architecture!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the
learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:

Notes to the Teacher

Motivate learners to appreciate art by providing
online links, colored photos, illustrations or scaled
models of the different architectural styles.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:
Welcome to the Arts 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Western Classical
Art Traditions on Architecture!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to
learn in the module.

This part includes Pre-Assessment

What I Know activity that aims to check what you
already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct
(100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion

What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for
What’s More independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

iii
 This section provides an activity which
What I Can Do will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate
Assessment your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
In this portion, another activity will be
Additional Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in
Answer Key the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Western and Classical Architecture. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two periods of Western Classical Architecture and lessons,
namely:
• Lesson 6- Romanesque Architecture
• Lesson 7- Gothic Architecture

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Show the influences of Western Classical art traditions to the Philippine
Art form (Architecture).

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 What I Know

Lesson
Romanesque Architecture
6

Romanesque Architectural style began in the late 800’s and achieved its great
importance in Europe during the 1000’s and 1150’s. Romanesque means “like the
Roman”.

PRE- ASSESSMENT
Directions: Choose the best answer and write only the letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which is NOT a Roman inspired Architectural Style?
a. Byzantine c. Egyptian Architecture
b. Roman d. Romanesque

2. The three are Romanesque Architectural types, EXCEPT

a. Castle c. Monastery
b. Church d. School

3. Which of the following is a Romanesque capital?

a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

4. The following are distinctively Romanesque Architecture, EXCEPT;

a. tombs for the dead c. Massive piers and walls, with few windows
b. high-riding domes d. vast open spaces at the centers of churches

5. The holiest part of the church plan is the.

a. Apse c. Clerestory
b. Sanctuary d. Greek Cross Plan

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 What’s In

LET’S REVIEW:

Greek Roman

Processing Questions:
1. Considering the design of the Orders, what are your observations?
2. What are the two orders missing in the box?
3. Focus on the Romanesque Order or column, would you agree that it is Roman
like?

2
 What’s New

Romanesque Architecture Defined

The term “Romanesque” was coined in
1818 by Charles-Alexis- Adrien de Gerville to
describe the form of art and architecture that
preceded Gothic.
Romanesque architectural style was
influenced by Roman Architecture. It was a
product of the great expansion
of monasticism in the 10th–11th century. With
the church as the unifying force, the period was
devoted to the glorification of Christianity and
the church was the predominant building type.
Similarities between Roman and
Romanesque include round arches, stone
materials and the basilica-style plan where
Romans used for secular purposes.
Romanesque architecture also shows
influences from Visi gothic, Carolingian,
Byzantine and Islamic Architecture
https://www.slideshare.net/BinumolTom/romanesque-architecture-14165982

What is It

When the Roman Empire went Christian and its Empire going Eastwards. They
established its new capital at Constantinople.
This influences traveled west to Ravenna and Venice and as far north
as Moscow. As a result, they created vast open spaces at the centers of churches,
heightening the sense of grace and light.

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Characteristics of Romanesque Architecture

Here its architecture became more sensuous and more ambitious.

This new style would be known as
Byzantine with increasingly
exotic domes and ever-richer mosaics,
Most of the churches and basilicas
have high-riding domes.

Romanesque churches doorways are

often grand sculptured portals.
Made of wood and metal the doors
are surrounded by elaborate stone
sculptures arranged in zones to fit
architectural elements.
The other churches incorporated
semicircular arches for windows, doors, and
arcades; barrel or groin vaults to support the roof of the nave.

Massive piers and walls, with few windows, to contain the outward thrust
of the vaults; side aisles with galleries above them; a large tower over the
crossing of nave and transept; and smaller towers at the church’s western end.

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THREE MAIN ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTONICAL TYPES

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 Compared to Greek and Roman Orders, Romanesque capital
has the following improvements.

Worchester Cathedral has been a place of Christian Worship and prayer for fourteen
centuries constructed in 1084 and is dedicated to Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary.

One of England's loveliest cathedrals, with Royal Tombs, Medieval cloisters, an

ancient crypt and Chapter House and magnificent Victorian stained glass.

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 What I Can Do
Directions: Familiarize yourself with the Romanesque inspired churches in the
Philippines and answer the question below. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

THE MANILA CATHEDRAL

CEBU METROPOLITAN CATHEDRAL

https://www.justgola.com/a/cebu-metropolitan-cathedral-1488648

What are the Romanesque architectural elements that you have found in these churches?

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is NOT a Roman inspired Architectural Style?

a. Byzantine c. Egyptian Architecture
b. Roman d. Romanesque

2. The three are Romanesque Architectural types, EXCEPT

a. Castle c. Monastery
b. Church d. School

4. Which of the following is a Romanesque capital?

b. b. c. d. e. f. g.

4. The following are distinctively Romanesque Architecture, EXCEPT;

a. tombs for the dead c. Massive piers and walls, with few windows
b. high-riding domes d. vast open spaces at the centers of churches

5. The holiest part of the church plan is the.

a. Apse c. Clerestory
b. Sanctuary d. Greek Cross Plan

Additional Activities

Search on the net or take a photo of your Local Church.

1. Identify the Architectural period where the church is inspired.
2. What are the elements or parts in your local church that are Western inspired?
List them down.
3. In a portrait setting, divide the 1 whole sheet of bond paper into half. Provide 1”
margin all around. On the upper half print/ sketch or draw the perspective of your
local church. On the lower half write the name of the Church, when it was built
and identify the elements of Western Art where the church is inspired.
4. Show your output by sending online to your Arts Teacher for rating.

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 9
What I Know What's More Assessment
Pre-Assessment 1. Greek 1. c.
1. c. 2. Dome 2. d.
2. d. 3. Roman 3. f.
3. f. 4. Squinch 4. a.
4. a. 5. Mosaics 5. a.
5. a.
Processing Questions:
1. Tuscan and Composite
2.
Answer Key
References
A Journey through Western Music and Arts - Grade 9, Music and Arts – Learner’s Material, First
Edition 2014, pages 165

A Visual Dictionary of ARCHITECTURE Second Edition, Francis D.K. Ching, John Wiley and
Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, copyright 2012

https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanesque-architecture
https://www.slideshare.net/BinumolTom/romanesque-architecture-14165982
https://www.worcestercathedral.co.uk/

https://www.tes.com/lessons/NsQdEJzYBrFMrA/h-romanesque
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_architecture

https://www.slideshare.net/ArchiEducPH/romanesque-architecture-history

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_Cathedral
https://www.visitworcestershire.org/place/worcester-cathedral/

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 What I Know

Lesson
Gothic Architecture
7

Gothic architecture is a European style of architecture that values height and

exhibits an intricate and delicate aesthetic. Though its roots are French, the Gothic
approach can be found in churches, cathedrals, and other similar buildings in Europe
and beyond.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: From the choices below, identify the following pictures. Write the
letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1 2 3 4

A. Notre Dame Cathedral, France D. High Ceiling vaults

B. Rose Windows of Notre Dame E. Pointed arches
C. Ribbed Vaults F. Flying Buttress

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 What’s In

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form the correct word.

Use a separate sheet of paper.
1. OIGTCH - __ __ __ __ __ __

2. DETSAIN SLSAG INDWOSW -

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

3. PDENOI RACHES - __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

4. DEIRBB STVAUL- __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

5. TEORAN CEODATIONR- __ __ __ __ __ __
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

What’s New

Brief History
During the Middle Ages, a new style of architecture emerged in Europe. Initially
referred to as Opus Francigenum, or “French Work,” this architectural genre dominated
European tastes—namely, that of the Roman Catholic Church—until the 16th century,
when it became known as “Gothic.”

Architectural style was known as Latin: opus Francigenum, lit. 'French work'; the
term Gothic was first applied during the later Renaissance. The defining element
of Gothic architecture included two new devices which enabled builders to construct
more higher ceiling vaults borne in a network of stone ribs supported by piers and
clustered pillars.

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 What is It

Classic Elements
While the Gothic style can vary according to location, age, and type of building,
it is often characterized by 5 key architectural elements: large stained-glass windows,
pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, and ornate decoration.

L ARG E ST AI NED- GL ASS WINDO WS

While stained glass windows are found in many

places of worship, they are particularly prevalent in
Gothic cathedrals. Featuring meticulously cut colored
glass, these kaleidoscopic windows—which are
typically either tall and arched ‘lancet' windows or round
‘rose' windows—are larger than those found in other
types of churches. This allowed them to let in more
dazzling light.
Interior of Sainte-Chapelle, Paris (Photo: Jean-Christophe BENOIST (Own work)

[CC BY 3.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Gothic stained-glass windows also

frequently feature tracery, a decorative type of
stone support, and detailed scenes from Biblical
stories.

H t t p : / / w w w. z h k i s . c o m B/ m e a n i n g - o f - g a r g o y le s _ e p _ 6 2 - 1 . h t m l

V0Z AKK

Photo: WikiImages

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RI BBED VAUL T S

In order to incorporate higher ceilings

and taller windows into their designs, Gothic
architects utilized a new method of structural
support called ribbed vaulting. Ribbed vaulting
involves the use of intersecting barrel vaults—
arches placed parallel to one another in order
to support a rounded roof.

In addition to showcasing a more

decorative aesthetic than traditional barrel
vaults, these crisscrossed constructions offer
increased support for the sky-high buildings.
Photo: NakNakNak

F L YI NG BUTT RESSES

On top of these advanced vaulting

techniques, Gothic architects employed
another unique method of structural support:
flying buttresses. These projecting stone
structures reinforced the buildings by
redistributing the weight of the heavy roof to a
lower, more solid level.

Photo: Rodney Bamford

Flying buttresses ensured the cathedrals' integrity so that architects did

not need to sacrifice the thin walls and large windows distinctive of the Gothic
style.

O RNAT E DECO RAT I ON

A final feature found in Gothic architecture is the

presence of ornate decorative elements. These
include embellished colonnades and
colonettes, sculptural moldings, statues of
saints and historical figures, pinnacles and
spires, and gargoyles, grotesque figures that
double as water spouts.

Photo: Rodney Bamford

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Why is the Cathedral of Notre Dame so famous?
Cathedral of Charles, also known as Notre Dame
Cathedral
1145-1260

Notre Dame -- meaning "Our Lady" in French -- is a

Catholic cathedral in the heart of Paris and one of the
world's most celebrated buildings.

A treasure of French Gothic

architecture, is one of the most famous symbols of

Paris, attracting an estimated 13 million visitors and
pilgrims yearly. Last April 16, 2019 a fire broke out at
the medieval Catholic church, toppling its spire and
destroying the roof.
https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/where-paris-notre-dame-cathedral-stands-one-year-after-fire

Maurice de Sully- the bishop who carry out the plans and organization of Notre
Dame never lived to see the cathedral complete because it was 182 years
before the church was finally consecrated in 1345, with the work being carried
out under a succession of bishops and master builders. Maurice de Sully born
between 1105 and 1120 in Sully-sur-Loire near Orléans. He was destined for
a peasant life, but very quickly entered the Catholic order by being Canon and
archdeacon, but was quickly appointed bishop of Paris on
One of the building's most significant innovations is its use of flying buttresses,
which gave the necessary structural support for this huge stone edifice to
house more than 6,000 worshipers inside.
It's also famous for its 8,000-pipe organ, one of the world's biggest and the
three enormous stained-glass Rose Windows.

What’s More
Considered as one of the most recognizable characteristics of Gothic
architecture. Gargoyles are carvings of grotesque figures, faces or creatures
perching along the roofs and battlements of buildings and projecting
from roof gutters.

The etymology of the word derives from the French ‘gargouille’

meaning throat. The precise purpose of gargoyles was to act as a spout to
convey water from the upper part of a building or roof gutter and away from
the side of walls or foundations, thereby helping to prevent water from
causing damage to masonry and mortar. The gargoyle would have a trough

15
 carved into its back down which rainwater would run and exit through the
characteristically large open mouth.

While common parlance uses the term ‘gargoyle’ to mean any fantastical or
mythical figure used for ornamental purposes, the strict architectural usage
only applies to those serving a waterspout function.

Early gargoyles were carved from wood or terracotta, but from the Medieval
period onwards they were typically sculpted from stone. They were sometimes
painted or even gilded with metals such as lead.

Some of the features that would typically be depicted by gargoyles include:

Ugly human faces,

Animals,
Mythical and imaginary creatures.

Anthropomorphised creatures.

Chimeras (those combining several animals)

http://www.zhkis.com/Meaning-of-Gargoyles_ep_62-1.html

What I Have Learned

LET’S SUM UP

Complete the sentences.

Prehistoric architecture – the ancient man developed architecture based on

megaliths ( a big rock) and 1.)__________(“stone” ) and megas (“big”) uses rocks,
boulders and stones to create their dwellings. It’s also intended for burial and
associated it with divinity.

Egyptian architecture were a combination of geometric regularity and keen

observation of nature due to the influence of the Nile River. Column designs were
influenced by palm, papyrus, scarabs, lotus plants and more. Egyptians made
2.) p_______ for funerary structures of Kings, Mastaba as their tomb and Temples
for their gods.

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 Greek architectural style was focused more on their belief of many gods that’s
why Temples became the central shrine during this period. They began designing
the three architectural styles or orders namely 3.) ______, 4.) ______
and Corinthian.

Roman architecture built sturdy structures to perpetuate their glory as an

Empire. Romans further developed another column or order called 5.) ______ and
Composite. They further pioneered in using materials such as marble, limestones
and terracotta. Gigantic and round arches of stone, bricks and concrete or with
barrel vaults and even domes became the distinguishing designs of this period.
This time emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, aqueducts,
baths and processions.

Byzantine architecture was a lot in common with early Christian architecture.

The use of clerestory to bring light in from high windows were introduced. The more
developed and increasingly exotic 6.) _____ and ever-richer mosaics created
a new style in global architecture.

Romanesque architecture was influenced by Roman Architecture. It was a

product of the great expansion of monasticism in the 10th–11th century. So, the
designs were made complex by other influences such as Carolingian, Ottonian,
Byzantine and Local Germanic influences.
With the church as the unifying force, the period was devoted to the glorification
of Christianity. The three architectural types were 7.) _______, church and castle.
Churches doorways are often grand sculptured portals. Made of wood and metal the
doors are surrounded by elaborate stone sculptures arranged in zones to fit
architectural elements.

Gothic architecture is a new style of architecture emerged in Europe during the

middle ages. Initially referred to as Opus Francigenum, or “French Work,” this
architectural genre dominated European tastes—namely, that of the Roman Catholic
Church—until the 16th century, when it became known as “Gothic.” It was
characterized by 5 key architectural elements: large 8)________ ______ windows,
9)_____ arches, ribbed vaults, 10) flying _______, and ornate decoration.

17
 What can I do

Notre Dame Cathedral, France San Sebastian Church, Philippines

Evaluate the details of the San Sebastian Church.

Check the elements found in Philippine Architecture that was influenced by the
Western Classical Art Traditions.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Initial name for “Gothic”.

a. Opus Francigenum, or “French Work,” c. Byzantine
b. Romanesque d. Renaissance

2. Also known as Notre Dame Cathedral

a. Cathedral of Charles c. Manila Cathedral
b. Cebu Metropolitan Cathedral d. San Sebastian Church

5. Carvings of grotesque figures, faces or creatures perching along the roofs

and battlements of buildings and projecting from roof gutters.

a. Cromlech c. Megaliths
b. Gargoyles d. Stonehenge

4. The bishop who carry out the plans and organization of Notre Dame.
a. Pope John Paul c. Pope Francis
b. Maurice de Sully d. Vitruvius

5. Ribbed vaulting involves the use of intersecting

a. arches c. buttresses
b. barrel vaults d. columns

Additional Activities

For additional information about Gothic Architecture,

watch the famous Animated 1996 Disney Movie –
The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

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 20
What I Know What's In Assessment
Pre-Assessment 1. GOTHIC 1. a.
1. E 2. STAINED GLASS 2. a.
WINDOWS
2. B 3. b.
3. POINTED ARCHES
3. D 4. b.
4. RIBBED VAULTS
4. F. 5. b.
5. ORNATE DECORATION
Answer Key
References
A Journey through Western Music and Arts - Grade 9, Music and Arts – Learner’s
Material, First Edition 2014, pages 165
A Visual Dictionary of ARCHITECTURE Second Edition, Francis D.K. Ching, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, copyright 2012

https://www.britannica.com/art/Romanesque-architecture
https://www.slideshare.net/BinumolTom/romanesque-architecture-14165982
https://www.worcestercathedral.co.uk/
https://www.tes.com/lessons/NsQdEJzYBrFMrA/h-romanesque
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_architecture

https://www.slideshare.net/ArchiEducPH/romanesque-architecture-history
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_Cathedral
https://www.visitworcestershire.org/place/worcester-cathedral/
https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/where-paris-notre-dame-cathedral-stands-
one-year-after-fire

21
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province

IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines, 6000

Telefax: (032) 255-6405

Email Address: cebuprovince@deped.gov.ph

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