Presentation Name Course Name

Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name

Density

• Density is a measure of the amount of matter

per unit of volume

High Density Low Density

Determining Density
– Objects more dense than water sink
– Objects less dense than water float

Introduction to Engineering Design © 2012 Project Lead The Way, Inc.

Matter: Mass vs. Weight Matter: Mass vs. Weight

Mass and Weight are often confused.
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object or the
• An example using SI units
quantity of the inertia of the object.
– A man has a mass of 100 kg
• Weight is the force of gravity on mass.
W = mg
W = mg W = (100 kg)(9.8 m/sec2)
W = weight = 980 Newton
m = mass
g = acceleration of gravity – He weighs 980 N

• Many materials are purchased by weight

Matter: Mass vs. Weight Mass vs. Weight

Mass and Weight are often confused. • Pound-mass (lbm) is a unit of mass
• US Customary units example  1 lbm = 0.45359237 kg (by definition)
– A woman weighs 100 pounds  1 kg = 2.205 lbm (formula sheet)
W = mg  1 slug = 32.2 lbm (formula sheet)

W Formula Sheet
m =
g
100 lb
= = 3.1 slugs
ft
32.2
s 2
– Her mass is 3.1 slugs

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Presentation Name Course Name
Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name

Mass vs. Weight Mass vs. Weight

• Pound-force (lb) is a unit of force • How are pound-mass and pound-force
 The gravitational force exerted on a mass of related?
one lbm on the surface of the Earth – On Earth (g = 32.174 ft/s2)
 1 lb = 4.44822162 N • 1 pound-mass object weighs1 pound-force

 1 N = 0.225 lb – In outer space (no gravity)

• 1 pound-mass object has no weight
Formula Sheet – On the moon (g = 5.32 ft/s2)
• 1 pound-mass object weighs 0.166 pound-force

Density Mass/Weight Density

• Density can be indicated in multiple ways • Mass Density commonly used for SI units
– Mass Density = mass per unit volume – g/cm3 or kg/m3
– Weight Density = weight per unit volume • Weight Density commonly used for U.S.
Formula Sheet Customary units
m = VDm – lb/in.3 or lb/ft3
Material Mass Density Weight Density
m (g/cm3) (lb/in.3)
Dm =
V Apples 0.64 0.023
Water (Pure) 1.00 0.036
Water (Sea) 1.03 0.037
Ice 0.92 0.034
W = VDw Concrete 2.40 0.087
W Aluminum 2.71 0.098
Dw =
V Steel (1018) 7.8 0.282

Gold 19.32 0.698

Mass and Weight: Measurement Volume: Measurement

• Balance—measures mass • Volume is the amount of three
– Uses objects of known mass to find the dimensional space enclosed by
unknown mass of an object
an object.
– Measurement is unaffected by difference in
gravity – Two methods to determine volume
• Calculate using geometry of object
• Scale—measures weight
– Measures force caused by gravity
– Measurement is affected by difference in the • Measure indirectly using water
acceleration of gravity displacement (or 3D scanner)
– May display a “mass” measurement reading
by using an assumed acceleration of gravity
to convert from weight to mass

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Presentation Name Course Name
Unit # – Lesson #.# – Lesson Name

Volume: Calculation Volume: Indirect Measure

• Some object volumes can be calculated. • Volume of an irregular object can be

• What is the volume formula for each object? determined indirectly with fluid
displacement. Level
Elevates

Volume: Indirect Measure Example

• What is the density of a 2.24 in. diameter
• Record water level with only water.
sphere of titanium that weighs 0.82 lb?
• Add samples. 4
V= π r3
• Record new level. 3 W = VDw
3
4 2.24 in.
• Difference is sample volume. V= π
3 2 W 0.82 lb
Dw = =
V 5.88 in. 3
4
V= π 1.12 in. 3 Dw = 0.14 lb/in.3
3
Volume
Read
Change
V = 5.88 in3
level
here • What volume of water (mL) would it displace?
1 ft3 1L
5.88 in. 3 = 0.096 L or 96 mL
Meniscus shape is 1728 in. 3 0.0353 ft3
exaggerated for clarity

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