Forces and Energy

Unit 3
 Chapter
Chapter 3.1
3.1- Density
Learning Objectives Density
❑9Cp.02 Describe how the density of a substance relates to
its mass in a defined volume
❑9TWSc.07 Collect, record and summarise sufficient
observations and measurements, in an appropriate form
❑9Cp.03 Calculate and compare densities of solids, liquids
and gases.
❑ 9pf.01 Use density to explain why objects float or sink in
water.
 Chapter 3.1- Density

Contents
01 Mass & Volume

02 Calculating Volume

03 Calculating Density

04 Comparing Density
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Warm up
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Mass & weight
Mass: Amount of matter in an object
(measured in kilograms, kg)
Weight: Force of gravity on a mass
(measured in newton, N)
The size of this force depends
on the gravitational field strength
(often called gravity, g, for short
weight = mass x gravitational field strength
W=mxg
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Check yourself WHICH IS HEAVIER?

Which is heavier, 1 kg of iron or 1

kg of feathers?
(they both have the same mass)

1 kg weight or several pillows (with

a total mass of 1 kg)
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Volume WHAT IS VOLUME?
Total space occupied
by an object is called
its volume
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Calculating Volume VOLUME OF REGULAR
SHAPED SOLID?
Volume of regular shaped object
= length (l) x width(w) x height(h)

V = 12 x 4 x 3
= 144 cm3
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Calculating Volume VOLUME OF IRREGULAR
SHAPED SOLID?
Volume of irregular shaped object =
Final volume of water – initial volume of water

V = V2 – V1

Volume of irregular shaped object

= 60 – 50 = 10cm3
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Defining density WHAT IS DENSITY?
Mass per unit volume is called density

mass
Density =
volume

Density is measured in grams/cm3

or Kg/m3
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Calculating density HOW TO CALCULALTE DENSITY?
If a regular shaped is 3cm long,
2.5cm wide and 2.5cm high.
Using the following equation, Calculate its density if the object is
density can be calculated easily. 45g heavy.
mass Calculation:
Density = V = 3 x 2.5 x2.5 = 15cm3
m = 45g.
volume D=?
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities DENSITIES IN PHYSICAL STATES

As solid has more mass in a

specific volume, so the density of a
solid is higher than other physical
states and gases are less denser
than other two states of matter.
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities DENSITIES IN LIQUIDS
If the liquids are immiscible, layer of
denser liquid settles bottom and less
denser above.

The more dissolved solid in a solution,

the denser is the liquid (such as ocean
water).

Cold water in lakes tends to sink. This

creates a constant mixing of water,
nutrients and other substance making it
more denser.
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities DENSITY OF GASES

The greater the kinetic energy

of a gas, the greater is the
volume of the gas.

The greater is the volume, the

less denser the gas is.

Therefore, the density of cold

air is higher than the warm air.
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities DENSITY TREND IN PERIODIC TABLE
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Comparing densities DENSITY TREND IN PERIODIC TABLE

In general, an object will float in a liquid if the

average density of that object is less than the
density of the liquid it is placed in.
Water, for example, has a density of about
1 g/cm3

If an object has a density of less than 1 g/cm 3 then

it will float in water
If an object has a density that is greater than 1
g/cm3 then it will sink in water
Chapter 3.1- Density
 Chapter 3.1- Density
Think scientifically Why steel ship floats not sinks??
Why ?
A small iron ball sinks in water, but a large and
heavy steel ship floats!
Large ship made up of more than one material
Large volume of air in various rooms and
cabins
So, consider average density of the ship
Steel is 8 times denser than water.
However it has hollow structure increasing the
volume and making the density lighter than
water.
 Chapter 3.1- Density
is the mass of all the materials in the ship,
Average density
including the air, divided by the total volume of
the ship.
 Chapter 3.1- Density
of the ship is less than water so the steel ship
Average density
floats on water not sinks.
Manuscript
work
Practice Questions
Answers
3.1 A Density