BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Mass, weight and density : class - 1

Mass: Mass is a dimensionless quantity representing the amount of matter in an

object. The standard unit of mass in the International System (SI) is the kilogram
(kg).

Denoted by “m”

Weight: Weight is a quantity representing the force exerted on an object by an

acceleration field, particularly the gravitational field of the Earth at the surface.

Denoted by “w”

W = mg where m is mass

g is acceleration due to gravity

The basic unit of weight is a pound(lb).

An ounce is the smallest unit of weight. A strawberry has a weight of about ounce.

The value of g is=9.8 m/sec square.

Q. what is the value of acceleration due to gravity on earth? Ans..9.8m/sec

square

What is the value of acceleration due to gravity on moon?

Ans...1.620m/sec square

Moon gravitational force is what part of earth gravitational force?

Ans……….1/6th part

Mass is constant anywhere., only gravitational force decides the weight of the
object.
Density:

A material's density is defined as its mass per unit volume. Put another way,
density is the ratio between mass and volume or mass per unit volume. Density is
essentially a measurement of how tightly matter is crammed together.

Formula is density = mass/volume

ρ =m/v

The SI unit of kilogram per cubic metre (kg/m3) and the cgs unit of gram per
cubic centimetre (g/cm3) are probably the most commonly used units for density.

1,000kg/m3 equals 1 g/cm3

weight density: the average weight density is defined as weight of the unit volume
of the object. It can be simply written as mass /volume x

simply D = ρg

Q.what is the density of water? Ans… 997kg/𝑚3

Q. what is the density of air ? Ans… 1.225 kg/m 3 approx.

Density of air changes with temperature, humidity

relative density:

Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit
volume) of a substance to the density of a given reference material. Specific
gravity usually means relative density with respect to water. ...

An object with a specific gravity less than one will float in water, while a
specific gravity greater than one means it will sink.
Problems:

1. SI unit for density is

A. kg cm-3
B. g cm-3
C. kg m-3
D. g m-3

2. To convert density of kg m-3 into g cm-3, we divide quantities with

A. 100
B. 10
C. 200
D. 1000

3. Mass of oil is 11040 kg and volume is 12 m³, its density would be

A. 92 kg m-3
B. 920 kg m-3
C. 9.2 kg m-3
D. 1.08 × 10-3

4. Mass is a measure of

A. weight
B. inertia
C. friction
D. matter

5. Density of a substance is defined as

A. its mass per unit volume

B. its mass per unit area
C. its volume per unit mass
D. its weight per unit volume
6. Volume of pure water is 62 m³ and mass is 62000 kg, its density is

A. 100 kg m-3
B. 10 kg m-3
C. 1000 kg m-3
D. 1 × 10-3

7. Kilograms is unit of

A. Weight
B. Tension
C. resistance
D. Mass

8.A cube-shaped block of pinewood has a surface area of 9 m² and a density of

0.5 g cm-3. Its mass equals

A. 4500 g
B. 4500 kg
C. 13500 g
D. 13500 kg

9. Mass of wood is 2600 kg and volume is 5.2 m³, its density is

A. 500 kg m-3
B. 50 kg m-3
C. 5000 kg m-3
D. 2 × 10-3

10. Volume of mercury is 0.4 m³ and mass is 5440 kg, density of mercury is

A. 1360 kg m-3
B. 136 kg m-3
C. 13600 kg m-3
D. 13.6 kg m-3