R@TUL’S NOTE

BLOOD SUPPLY
OF
WHOLE BODY

MD RATUL HASAN
RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE
www.ratulsnote.com
ALHAMDULILLAH

BY THE GRACE OF ALLAH, I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO MAKE A NOTE ON BLOOD SUPPLY
OF WHOLE BODY.I THANK MY ALLAH FOR THIS.PRAY FOR ME SO THAT I CAN MAKE
MORE HELPFUL NOTES FOR YOU IN FUTURE.

MD RATUL HASAN

RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE

SESSION: 18-19
Identify The Vessels
THE HEART: R@TUL-60
Right part of atrioventicular groove:

• Right coronary artery

• Anterior cardiac vein

Left part of atrioventicular groove:

• Trunk of circumflex branch of left coronary artery

• Termination of great cardiac vein & origin of coronary sinus

Posterior part of the atrioventicular groove:

• Circumflex branch of left coronary artery anastomosis with right coronary artery
• Coronary sinus

Anterior interventicular groove:

➢ Anterior interventicular branch of left coronary artery

➢ Great cardiac vein

Posterior interventicular groove:

➢ Anastomosis of posterior interventicular branch of right coronary artery & anterior interventicular
branch of left coronary artery
➢ Middle cardiac vein
Artery supply of Heart: R@TUL-60
Ascending Aorta : 2 Branches

➢ Right coronary artery

➢ Left coronary artery

Arch of aorta : 3 branches

➢ Brachiocephalic trunk which is devided into right subclavian & right common carotid artery.
➢ Left common carotid arteryyy
➢ Left subclavian artery

Additional branches of arch of aorta:

➢ Left vertebral artery

➢ Arteria thyroidea ima
➢ Inferior thyroid artery
➢ Internal thoracic artery
➢ Left bronchial artery
➢ Right subclavian artery

Artery supply of pericardium:

➢ Fibrous layer & parietal layer of serous pericardium by the internal thoracic artery & descending thoracic
aorta.
➢ Visceral layer by the coronary arteries.

Venous drainage of pericardium:

➢ Fibrous & parietal layer by the internal thoracic vein & azygos vein.
➢ Visceral layer by the coronary sinus.

Right coronary artery:It arises from the anterior aortic sinus of the ascending aorta.Then passess forward & to
the right between the pulmonary trunk & right auricle.Reaches the atrioventicular groove & descends vertically
to the right cardiac border.then reaches to the crux a little to the left of it & anastomoses with the circumflex
branch of left coronary artery.

Branches:

➢ 1st part upto the inferior border:Right conus,Anterior atrial & ventricular rami,Right marginal.
➢ 2nd part upto the crux:Right posterior ventricular rami,Posterior interventicular artery.

Distribution:

➢ Right ventricle (except a small strip right to the anterior interventicular sulcus)
➢ A part of left ventricular diaphragmatic surface.
➢ Posterior inferior 1/3 of interventicular septum
➢ Right atrium & part of left atrium
➢ Conducting system
Left coronary artery: Also called artery of sudden death.It arises from the posterior aortic sinus of ascending
aorta.Then it lies between the pulmonary trunk & left auricle. In the anterior atrioventicular groove it divides
into anterior interventicular & circumflex branches.The anterior interventicular artery is the continuation of left
coronary artery descends along the anterior interventicular sulcus then round the apex into the posterior
interventicular sulcus where it anastomoses with the posterior interventicular branch of right coronary
artery.the circumflex branch winds round the left cardiac border & enters into the posterior interventicular
groove.then it anastomosis with the posterior interventicular branch of right coronary a little left to the crux.

Branches:

➢ Anterior interventicular artery:Left diagonal,Left conus,Septal.

➢ Circumflex branch:Atrial rami, Venticular rami, sinuatrialnodal artery, Left marginal, Posterior
interventicular.

Distribution:

➢ Left ventricle & small strip of right ventricle

➢ Anteriosuperior 2/3 of interventicular septum
➢ Left atrium

Venous drainage of heart: About 60% of the venous blood of the heart drains into the right atrium
through the coronary sinus.The remaining 40% venous blood drains into the vene cordis minimi (thebesian vein)
& the anterior cardiac veins.

Anterior Cardiac Veins: These are three or four in number drains the infundibulum of right ventricle,& end
directly into the right atrium through the foramina minimarum.

Venae Cordis Minimi: These veins open into different chambers of heart through foramina venerum
minimarum.

Right Marginal Vein: Sometimes it open into the right atrium instead of joining with the small cardiac vein.

Coronary Sinus: It is the largest venous channel,situated in the posterior part of the atrioventicular groove.

Course: It begins in the left part of the atrioventicular groove & passess downwards & to the right along the
posterior part of the atrioventicular groove.Finally it ends in the sinus venorum of the right atrium between the
opening of the IVC & right atrio ventricular orifice.

Tributaries: All tributaries are provided with valves except oblique vein of the left atrium.

➢ Great cardiac vein

➢ Middle cardiac vein
➢ Small cardiac vein
➢ Posterior vein of left ventricle
➢ Oblique vein of left atrium.

Blood supply of interventicular septum:

➢ Anteriosuperior 2/3 : Anterior interventicular branch of left coronary artery.

➢ Posteroinferior 1/3: Posterior interventicular branch of right coronary artery.
Subclavian Artery: Very Interesting Thing Corporal Daniel. R@TUL-60
➢ Very: Vertebral artery
➢ Interesting: Internal thoracic artery
➢ Thing: Thyrocervical trunk
➢ Corporal : Costocervical trunk
➢ Daniel: Dorsal Scapular artery
Vertebral Artery: Internal Thoracic Artery:
Branches: Branches:

➢ Spinal branches > Pericardiaco phrenic & Pericardial branches.

➢ Muscular branches > Mediastinal & Sternal branches.
➢ Meningeal branches > Anterior intercostal
➢ Posterior spinal artery > Perforating arteries
➢ Anterior spinal artery > Musculo phrenic
➢ Posterior inferior cerebeller artery > Superior epigastric artery

Throcervical Trunk: Costocervical Trunk:

Branches: Branches:

➢ Inferior thyroid artery. > Deep cervical artery.

➢ Superficial cervical artery. > Superior intercostal artery
➢ Suprascapular artery.

Subclavian Vein: It is a continuation of axillary vein .It joins with the internal jugular vein to form
brachiocephalic vein.Rt .& Lt. brachiocephalic vein unite to form SVC.

➢ External jugular vein

➢ Anterior jugular vein
➢ Dorsal scapular vein
R@TUL-60
Axilary Artery: Divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle.
➢ First Part: superior to the muscle
➢ Second part: Posterior to the muscle
➢ Third part: Inferior to the muscle
➢ Some Times Life Seems A Pain
➢ Some: Superior thoracic artery
➢ Times: Thoracoacromial artery
➢ Life : Lateral thoracic arety
➢ Seems: Subscapular artery
➢ A: Anterior circumflex humeral artery
➢ Pain: Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Axillary vein: At the lower border of teres major it is formed by the union of brachial & basilic vein. At the
lateral border of first rib it continues as subclavian vein.

➢ Thoracoacromial vein
➢ Lateral thoracic vein
➢ Supscapular vein
➢ Anterior circumflex humeral vein
➢ Posterior circumflex humeral vein

Brachial Artery: Continuation of axillary artery from the lower border of teres major to the front of thre
elbow at the medial of the neck of radius just medial to the tendon of biceps brachii.

➢ Muscular branches
➢ Profanda brachii artery.>Radial collateral
>Middle collateral
>Deltoid branch
>Nutrient artery of humerus.
➢ Superior & Inferior ulnar collateral artery
➢ Radial & ulnar branches

Brachial Vein: The radial & ulnar vein unite to form brachial vein at the elbow .The basilic vein joins the
brachial vein & becomes the axillary vein.

Radial Arteray: Terminal branch of brachial artery in the cubital fossa .It ends by dividing deep palmar
arch .

➢ Radial recurrent branch

➢ Muscular branch
➢ Palmar branch
➢ Dorsal Palmar branch
➢ Superfical palmar branch
Radial Vein: It gives origin from the deep palmar venous arch .

Ulnar Artery: Terminal branch of brachial artery in the cubital fossa .It ends by dividing into superficial
Palmar arch.It continuous mainly as superficial palmar arch.

➢ Anterior & posterior ulnar recurrent arteries

➢ Common interosseous which is divided into anterior & posterior interosseous arteries.
➢ Muscular branches
➢ Palmar & dorsal carpal branches

Ulnar Vein: It gives origin from the deep palmar venous arch.

Arter Supply of Uppler Limb: R@TUL-60

Axillary artery from the outer border of first rib to the lower border of teres major > Brachial artery to the
cubital fossa > Radial & Ulnar artery > Deep & Superficial palmar arches > Digital arteries.

Superficial Palmar Arch: Terminal part of ulnar artery

➢ Three common digital & one proper digital branches which supply the medial 3/2 fingers.

Deep Palmar Arch: Terminal part of radial artery

➢ Three Palmar metacarpal arteries

➢ Three perforating digital arteries
➢ Recurrent branch. [Ref:Creation]
Venous Drainage of Upper Limb: R@TUL-60
Superficial Veins:

Dorsal venous arch:

➢ Medial End: > Basilic vein > pierce the deep clavipectoral fascia & joins with the axillary vein.
➢ Lateral End: > Cephalic vein > pierce the deep clavipectoral fascia & joins with the axillary vein.

Palmar venous arch: > Medial vein of the forearm > cephalic, basilic or median cubital vein.

Deep Veins:Deep palmar arch > radial & ulnar vein > brachial vein > axillary vein. [Ref:Creation]

Cephalic Vein:
➢ Begins from the lateral end of dorsal venous arch.Near the shoulder it passess in the deltopectoral
groove & through the clavipectoral triangle & emties into the axillary vein.
➢ Accompany with the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm & terminal part of the radial nerve.

Basilic vein:
➢ Begins from the medial end of the dorsal venous arch.
➢ About 2.5 cm above the medial epicondyle of humerus ,joined with the median cubital vein.
➢ Accompny with the posterior branch of the median cutaneous nerve & the terminal part of dorsal
branch of ulnar nerve.
➢ It joins with the axillary vein at the lower border of teres major.

Median Cubital Vein : It begins from the cephalic vein about 2.5 cm below the bend of the elbow runs
obliquely upwards & medially & ends in the basilic vein about 2.5 cm above the medial epicondyle.
Artery supply of Breast: Posterior surface of breast is avascular.
➢ Internal thoracic artery branch os subclavian artery.
➢ Lateral thoracic,superior thoracic & thoracoacromial branch of axillary artery
➢ Lateral branches of posterior intercostals arteries.

Venous Drainage of Breast:

➢ The superficial veins drains into the internal thoracic vein & into the superficial veins of the neck.
➢ The deep veins drains into the axillary & posterior intercostals veins.

Artery supply of thoracic wall:

Anterior intercosral arteries :They are 9 pairs. 2 in each space.

➢ In the upper six space these arteries arises from the internal thoracic artery branches of first part of
subclavian artery.
➢ In the lower three space these arteries derived from the musculophrenic artery , branches of internal
thoracic artery.

Posterior intercostals arteries:They are 11 arteries.1 in each space.

➢ In the upper two spaces they aerises from the superior intercostral artery branches of costocervical
trunk of subclavian artery.
➢ In lower 9 spaces they arises from descending thoracic aorta

Internal thoracic artery: Pari Pari Muje Perfect Supramal Se Abhi Milao.

Pari:ericardiophrenic Pari:Pericardial

Muje:Musculophrenic Perfect:Perforating

Supramal:Superior epigastric Se:sterna

Abhi:Anterior intercostals Milao:Medistinal

MD RATUL HASAN

RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE

SESSION: 18-19
Venous Drainage of thoracic wall: R@TUL-60
Anterior intercostal vein:

➢ There are two anterior intercostal vein in each of the 9 spaces.

➢ From the upper six spaces these veins drains into the internal thoracic vein.In the lower three spaces
they drain into the musculophrenic vein.

Posterior intercostal vein:

➢ There are 11 posterior intercostal veins.1 in each space.

Veins Right side Left side

1st Right brachiocephalic Left brachiocephalic vein
vein
2nd,3rd,4th Join to form right Join to form left superior
superior intercostal vein intercostal vein & drains
& drains into azygos vein into left brachiocephalic
vein
th th
5 to 8 Azygos vein Accessory hemiazygos
vein
9th to 11th Azgos vein Hemiazygos vein
Subcostal Azygos vein Hemiazygos vein
Azygous vein: It is formed by the union of right subcostal right ascending lumbar & right lumbar azygos vein &
terminates in the SVC.

➢ Posterior intercostal vein

➢ Right superior intercostals vein
➢ Azygous & hemiazygous vein
➢ Right subcostal & right ascending lumbar vein
➢ Right bronchial vein
➢ Oesophageal,pericardial & medistinal vein
➢ Right lumbar azygos
Artery Supply of The Diaphragm: R@TUL-60
➢ Musculo phrenic & pericardio phrenic artery branch of internal thoracic artery.
➢ Superior phrenic artery branch of descending thoracic aorta.
➢ Nferior phrenic artery branch of abdominal aorta.
➢ Lwer or 6 posterior intercostal arteries.

Venous drainage of The Diaphragm:

➢ Veis correspond to the arteries & drains into the systemic vein.

Artery Supply of Pleura: Venous drainage of Pleura:

➢ Intercostal arteries. > Azygos vein.
➢ Internal thoracic artery. > Internal thoracic vein.
➢ Musculophrenic artery.

Artery Supply of Lung: R@TUL-60

Conducting Zone: Upto the beginning of respiratory bronchiole is supplied by the bronchial arteries.

Rspirator zone: Supplied by pulmonary arteries via the pulmonary capillary plexus.

Right lung usually possess one bronchial arteries & left lung two.Each bronchial artery arises from the
descending thoracic aorta.Sometimes right bronchial artery arises from the right 3rd posterior intercostal artery.

Venous drainage of lung:

Superficial veins:They receive blood from the pulmonary pleura,extra pulmonary bronchi & hilar lymph
node.From the right lung they drain into the superior intercostal vein & from the left lung they drain into the
superior intercostal vein or into the superior hemiazygos vein.

Deep Veins: The receive blood from the intrapulmonary bronchi & bronchioles & drain into the pulmonary veins
or directly into the left atrium.
Descending Thoracic Aorta: R@TUL-60
➢ Bronchial artery
➢ Medistinal artery
➢ Esophageal artery
➢ Pericardial artery
➢ Superior phrenic artery
➢ Posterior intercostal artery

Inferior venacava: I Like To Rise So High Pappa.

➢ I: Common iliac vein.

➢ Like: Lumbar veins
➢ To: Right Testicular /Gonadal vein
➢ Rise: A pair of Renal vein.
➢ So: Right supra Renal vein.
➢ High: Hepatic veins.
➢ Pappa: A pair of Phrenic vein.
Abdominal Aorta: Begins in the abdomen at the level of T12 .Ends by dividing into common iliac arteries
at the level of L4.
In Case My Students Really Love Games In Monday Commanders.
➢ In: Inferior phrenic artery
➢ Case:Coelic trunk
➢ My: Middle superficial artery
➢ Students: Superior mesenteric
➢ Really: Renal
➢ Love : Lumbar
➢ Games: Gonadal
➢ In: Inferior mesenteric
➢ Monday: Medial sacral
➢ Commanders: Common iliac.

Coelic Trunk: Left Hand Side. Splenic Artery: Pappu Love Sonia
➢ Left: Left gastric Pappu: Pancreatic branch
➢ Hand: Hepatic Love: Left gastroepiploic
➢ Side: Splenic Sonia: Short Gastric
Superior Mesenteric Artery: In My Room,I’m In Jail
➢ In: Inferioe Pancreaticodudenal artery
➢ My: Middle colic artery
➢ Room: Right colic artery
➢ I’m: Iliocoic
➢ In: Ileal
➢ Jail: Jejunal

Inferior Mesenteric Artery: Inferior Means LeSS

➢ Le: Left colic artery
➢ S: Sigmoid artery
➢ S: Superior rectal artery.

Artery Supply of Stomach:

➢ Left gastric:Branch of coelic trunk. Supplies the cardiac part of stomach.
➢ Right gastric: Branch of common hepatic artery . Supplies the right part of the stomach.
➢ Short gastric: 3 or 4 in number.Branch of splenic artery. Supplies the fundus.
➢ Left gastro epiploic: Branch of splenic artery. Supplies the upper part of greater curvature.
➢ Right gastro epiploic: Branch of gastroduodenal artery. Supplies the lower part of greater curvature.
➢ Posterior gastric artery:Branch of splenic artery.

Venous Drainage of Stomach:

➢ Right & left gastric vein into the trunk of portal vein.
➢ Short gastric & left gastro epiploic vein into the splenic vein.
➢ Right gastro epiploic vein into the trunk of superior mesenteric vein.
Artery Supply of Duodenam:
First Part:

➢ Supraduodenal branch of gastroduodenal artery

➢ Infraduodenal branch of right gastroepiploic artery
➢ Sometimes a retroduodenal branch of gastroduodenal artery.

Rest Part:

➢ Ventral & dorsal anastomoses of superior & inferior pancreatico duodenal arteries.

Venous Drainage of Duodenum:

➢ Veins correspond to the arteries & drain into the Splenic vein .superior mesenteric vein & into the trunk
of poetal vein.
Artery Supply of Pancreas:
Head & Neck:

➢ Ventral & dorsal anastomoses of superior & inferior pancreatico duodenal arteries.

Body & Tail:

➢ Pancreatic branch of splenic artery.One branch known as ateria pancreatica magna is longer than the
rest & accompanies the main pancreatic duct,Sometimes a dorsal pancreatic derived from splenic artery
or from coelic trunk & supplies the posterior surfsce of pancreas.

Venous Drainage of Pancreas:

➢ Veins correspond to the arteries & drain into the Splenic , Siperior mesenteric & into the trunk of portal
vein.

Artery Supply of spleen:

➢ Only by the splenic artery.

Venous Drainage of spleen:

➢ Through the splenic vein into portal vein

MD R@TUL HASAN
60th MBBS
RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE
 MD R@TUL HASAN
60 MBBS
RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE

Artery Supply Of Jejunum & Ileum:

➢ By the Jejunal & ileal branches of superior mesenteric artery.

Venous Drainage Of Jejunum & Ileum:

➢ By the ileal & Jejunal branches of superior mesenteric vein.
Artery Supply of Large Gut:
➢ Caecum: Anterior & Posterior division of caecal arteries branches of iliocolic artery.
➢ Appendix: Appendicular artery branch of iliocolic artery.
➢ Ascending Colon: Branches of anastomoses of right colic & iliocolic artery.
➢ Right 2/3 of Transverse colon: Right & Left branches of the middle colic artery.
➢ Left 1/3 of Transverse colon: By the left colic artery, Ascending branch of inferior mesenteric artery.
➢ Descending Colon: Left colic & sigmoid branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.
➢ Sigmoid Colon: 3 or 4 sigmoid arteries derived from the inferior mesenteric artery & recurrent branch
of posterior rectal artery.
➢ Rectum: 1) superior rectal branch of inferior mesenteric artery.
2) Middle rectal branch of internal iliac artery.
3) Inferior rectal branch of internal pudendal artery which is a branch of internal iliac artery.
➢ Anal canal: Middle & Inferior rectal artery.

MD R@TUL HASAN
60 MBBS
RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE
Venous Drainage of Large Gut:
➢ Caecum: iliocolic vein & thence into the suoerior mesenteric vein.
➢ Appendix: Veins correspond to the artery & drains into the superior mesenteric vein,
➢ Ascending colon, Right 2/3 of Tranverse colon: Iliocolic ,Middle colic & Right colic vein into the superior
mesenteric vein.
➢ Left 1/3 of Tranverse colon & Descending colon: Left colic vein into the Inferior mesenteric vein.
➢ Rectum: Superior, Middle & inferior rectal vein.
➢ Anal Canal: Middle & Inferior rectal vein.
Artery Supply of Liver:
➢ 60% to 70% via the Hepatic vein.
➢ 25% TO 30% via the hepatic artery branch of coelic trunk
Venous Drainage of liver:
➢ Through the right ,middle & left hepatic vein into the IVC.

Portal Vein:
Formation:
It is formed by the union of superior mesenteric vein & splenic vein behind the neck of the pancreas.

Tributaries: Additional Tributaries:

➢ Superior mesenteric vein >Inferior gastric vein.

➢ Splenic vein > Right gastro epiploic vein
➢ Right gastric vein > Pre Pyloric vein.
➢ Left gastric vein
➢ Cystic vein
➢ Paraumbilical vein

Sites of Protocaval Anastomosis:

Sites Portal vein Systemic vein

At the lower end of oesophagus Tributaries of gastric vein Tributaries of
Hemiazygos vein
At the lower end of rectum & anal canal Superior rectal vein Middle & inferior rectal veins

At the umbilicus Paraumbilical vein Superior veins of abdominal wall

Behind the peritoneum Splenic & colic veins Veins of posterior abdominal wall

At the bare area of liver Portal radicles of liver Diapragmatic vein

In the falciform ligament Paraumbilical vein Diapragmatic vein

At the fissure for ligamentum venosum. Left branch of portal vein IVC
Artery Supply of Supra renal gland:
➢ Superior suprarenal branch of inferior phrenic artery
➢ Middle supra renal branch of abdominal aorta
➢ Inferior supra renal branch of renal artery.
Venous drainage of supra renal gland:
➢ Through supra renal vein
➢ Right supra renal vein drains into the IVC
➢ Left supra renal vein drains into the left renal vein.
Mode Of Blood Supply of supra renal gland:
➢ Subscapular plexus > Straight vessels pass from these plexus > They end in medullary sinusoids either
directly or through the cortical sinusoids > Venules start from medullary sinusoids > They unite to form a
single suprarenal vein > Right suprarenal vein drain into IVS & left supra renal vein drains into the left
renal vein.
Blood Supply Of Kidney:
➢ Through renal artery.
Venous Drainage of Kidney:
➢ Through renal vein
Mode Of Blood Supply of Kidney:
➢ Abdominal aorta> Renal artery> 5 segmental arteries> Lobar artery> Interlobar artery> Arcuate artery>
Interlobular artery> Afferent arteriole> Glomerulas> Efferent arteriole> Peritubular plexus> Interlobular
vein> Arcuate vein> Interlobar vein> Lobar vein> 5 segmental vein> Renal vein> IVC.
Internal Iliac Artery: Begins opposite the lumbosacral articular disc & infront of the sacraoiliac joint.
Branches: I Love Going Places In My Very Own Underwear,
➢ I: Iliolumbar artery
➢ Love: Lateral saral artery
➢ Going: Superior & Inferior Gluteal arteries.
➢ Places: Internal pudendal artery.
➢ In: Inferior vesical artery.
➢ My: Middle rectal artery.
➢ Very: Vaginal & Superior vesical artery
➢ Own: Obturator artery
➢ Underwear: Umbilical & uterine artery.

Branches of Internal Pudendal Artery:

➢ Inferior rectal artery

➢ Perineal branch
➢ Artery to the bulb of penis or vestibule
➢ Deep artery of penis or clitoris.

Internal Iliac Vein:

Branches:

➢ Gluteal
➢ Internal pudendal
➢ Obturator vein
➢ Lateral sacral vein
➢ Middle rectal
➢ Vesical,Prostatic,Uterine & vaginal Veins
Artery Supply of Ureter:
➢ By the branches of renal.gonadal,lumbar,peritoneal.common,internal iliac.inferior vesicle & in female by
uterine & vaginal arteries.
Venous Drainage of Ureter:
➢ Veins Correspond to the arteries & drain into the IVC.
Artery Supply Of Bladder:
➢ Superior & inferior vesical artery branch of internal iliac artery
➢ Obturator artery
➢ In female, Uterine artery,

Venous drainage Of Bladder:

➢ Into the internal iliac vein.

Artery Suppl Of Urethra:

➢ By the inferior vesical,middle rectal,internal pudendal,& urethral branch of the artery to the bulb of the
penis which is a branch of internal pudendal.

Venous Drainage Of Urethra:

Veins Correspond to the arteries.

Male Genital Organ:

Testis:

➢ Artery supply: >Mostly supplied by the testicular artery Branch of abdominal aorta.Partly supplied by
the artery to the vas deference branch of superior or inferior vesical artery. Sometimes supplied by the
Cremasteric branch of inferior epigastric artery.
➢ Venous drainage: About 15 to 20 Veins appear from the posterior border of testis & epididymis & unite
to form a pampinifom plexus.At the superior inguinal ring these vein unite to form four veins.At the
deep inguinal ring they unite to form two veins.Finally a single vein is formed.Right testicular vein drains
into the IVC & left testicular vein drains into the left
Vas deference:

➢ Blood Supply :Artery to the vas deference which is a branch of superior or inferior vesical artery.

Seminal Vesicle:

➢ Blood Supply :By the inferior vesical & Middle rectal arteries.

Prostate:

➢ Blood Supply :By the inferior vesical & Middle rectal internal pudendal arteries.
➢ Venous Drainage :Through the internal iliac vein.

Scrotum:

➢ Blood Supply: Superficial & Deep external pudendal branches of the femorarl artery & by posterior
scrotal branches of the internal pudendal artery
➢ Venous Drainage : Partly into the great saphenous vein & partly into the internal iliac vein.

Penis:

➢ Artery Supply : By the arteries to the bulb ,deep & dorsal arteries branches of internal pudendal
arteries.
➢ Venous drainage : Through the superficial & Deep dorsal vein.

MD R@TUL HASAN
60 MBBS
RAJSHAHI MEDICAL COLLEGE
Female Genital Organ:
Ovary:
➢ Artery Supply: By the ovarian artery branch of abdominal aorta, Partly by the branch of uterine artery.
➢ Venous drainage: By the ovarian vein.Right ovarian vein drains into the IVC & left ovarian vein drains
into left renal vein.

Uterine Tube:
➢ Artery Supply: By the ovarian artery branch of abdominal aorta & uterine artery branch of internal iliac
artery.
➢ Venous drainage: By the ovarian & uterine vein.Right ovarian vein drains into the IVC & left ovarian vein
drains into left renal vein.

Uterus:
➢ Artery Supply: By the ovarian artery branch of abdominal aorta & uterine artery branch of internal iliac
artery.
➢ Mode of Artery Supply: Uterine artery> Ureteric,Vaginal & cervical branch> Coronary or arcuate
branches> It runs transversely & anastomosis with the opposite branches> Radial arteries> Pierce the
myometrium> Basal & Spiral arteries> Supply the endometrium.
➢ Venous drainage: Veins correspond to the arteries & drain into the internal iliac vein.
Vagina:
➢ Artery Supply:By the branches of uterine vaginal,internal pudendal & middle rectal arteries.
➢ Venous drainage: Veins correspond to the arteries & drain into the internal iliac vein.
External Iliac artery: it begins in front of the sacroiliac joint & ends as a continuation of femoral artery.
Branches:
➢ Inferior epigastric artery
➢ Deep circumflex iliac artery.

External iliac vein: continues as femoral vein.

Femoral Artery: It begins behind the inguinal ligament at the mid inguinal point as a continuation of
external iliac artery.It passess through an opening in the adductor magnus & become continues as popliteal
artery

Branches:

➢ Superficial external pudendal artery

➢ Superficial epigastric artery
➢ Superficial circumflex iliac artery
➢ Profanda femoris
➢ Deep external pudendal
➢ Muscular branches

Profanda Femoris Artery: It is the largest branches of femoral artery.It gives off medial & lateral circumflex
femoral arteries & three perforating branches & ends as fourth perforating artery.

Femoral vein: Begins as a continuation of popliteal vein at the lower end of adductor canal & ends as a
continuation of external iliac vein behind the inguinal ligament ,medial to the femoral artery.

Tributaries:

➢ Great Saphenous Vein:

➢ Profanda,deep external & muscular branches.
➢ Lateral & medial circumflex femoral vein
➢ Descending genicular & muscular vein.

Great Saphenous Vein: It is the largest & longest superficial vein of lower limb.Begins on the dorsum of the foot
from the medial end of dorsal venous arch with the medial marginal vein which drains the medial side of great
toe,runs upward in front of the medial malleolus,along the medial side of the leg & behind the knee. It enter the
saphenous opening ,pierce the cribriform fascia & opens into femoral vein. It accompanies with the saphenous
nerve.

Popliteal artery: Begins as a continuation of femoral artery at the junction of middle one thurd with
lower one third of thigh.It ends at the lower border of popliteus by dividing into anterior & posterior tibial
arteries.

Branches:

➢ Muscular ,Cutaneous & Genicular branches.

➢ Medial & Lateral superior gluteal artery
➢ Medial & lateral inferior gluteal artery
Anterior tibial artery: It is the terminal branche of popliteal artery.It ends as a continuation of dorslis pedis
artery.

Posterior tibial artery: Ends by dividing into medial & lateral plantar arteries.

➢ Peroneal artery
➢ A nutrient artery
➢ Some anastomotic branches
➢ Terminal branches

Popliteal vein: Begins at the lower border of popliteus by the union of veins accompanying the anterior &
posteror tibial arteries.

Tributaries:

➢ Short saphenous vein

➢ The veins correspond to the banch of popliteal artery

Short saphenous vein: It is formed by the union of lateral end of dorsal venous arch with the lateral marginal
vein which drains the lateral side of little toe.It accompanies with the sural nerve. It pierce the deep fascia &
opens in the popliteal vein.Both saphenous vein are connected with the deep veins through the perforating
vein.

Dorsalis Pedis Artery: It is a continuation of anterior tibal artery.It begins in front of the ankle between
the two malleoli & ends in the sole by completing the plantar arterial arch.

Branches: FACT

➢ F: First dorsal metatarsal artery

➢ A: Arcuate artery
➢ C: Cutaneous branches:
➢ T: Tarsal branches (medial & lateral)

Blood Supply Of Lower Limb:

Venous Drainage Of Lower Limb:
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External Carotid Artery: The common carotid artery divides into external & internal carotid arteries
to upper border of lamina of thyroid cartilage at the level of C3 & C4 vertebrae.In the carotid triangle ex. Carotid
is situated in anteromedial & int. is posterolateral.

Branches: Some American Ladies Found Our Pyramids Most Satisfactory.

➢ Some: Superior thyroid artery
➢ American: Ascending pharyngeal artery.
➢ Ladies: Lingual artery
➢ Found: Facial artery
➢ Our: Occipital artery
➢ Pyramids: Posterior auricular artery
➢ Most: Maxillary artery
➢ Satisfactory: Superficial temporal artery.

Facial Artery: It arises in the carotid triangle from the front of the external carotid just above the tip of the
greater cornu of hyoid bone & terminates as angular artery at the middle angle of eye by anastomosis with the
dorsal nasal branch of eye.
Branches:
From the cervical part:
➢ Ascending Palatine
➢ Tonsilar
➢ Glandular
➢ Submenta l
From the facial part:
➢ Inferior labial
➢ Superior labial
➢ Lateral nasal
Maxillary artery:
First part: MAID
➢ M: Middle meningeal artery
➢ A: Anterior tympamic artery
➢ I: Inferior alveolar artery
➢ D: Deep auricular artery

Second part: Make Party Before Dinner.

➢ Make: Masseteric artery

➢ Party: Pterygoid
➢ Before: Buccal
➢ Dinner: Descending palatine

Third part: PeppA PIGS

➢ P: Posterosuperior alveolar (dental artery)

➢ A: Artery to the pterygoid canal
➢ P: Pharyngeal
➢ I: Infraorbital
➢ G: Greater palatine
➢ S: Sphenopalatine.

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External Jugular vein: It is formed by the union of retromandibular vein & posterior auricular vein.It
ends in the subclavian vein.

Tributaries: PAST POOR

➢ P : Posterior auricular
➢ A: Anterior jugular vein.
➢ S: Suprascapular
➢ T: Transverse cervical
➢ P: Posterior external jugular vein.
➢ O: Occipital vein.
➢ O: Oblique jugular vein
➢ R: Retromandibular vein.
Internal Carotid artery: It arises from the upper border of lamina of thyroid cartilage at the level of C3
& C4 vertebrae & ends in the middle cranial fossa by dividing into anterior & middle cerebral artery.

Branches:

From the petrous part:

➢ Carotico tympanic branches.

➢ Branches to the pterygoid canal.

From the cavernous part,

➢ Inferior hypophyseal arteries

➢ Meningeil branch,

From the cervical part:

➢ Superior hypophyseal arteries,

➢ Opthalmic artery
➢ Posterior communicating artery
➢ Anterior choroid artery
➢ Anterior cerebral artery
➢ Posterior cerebral artery.
Internal Jugular Vein: It begins as a continuation of sigmoid sinus .Behind the medial end of clavicle it
unites with the subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein.

Tributaries: Medical School Let Confident People In.

➢ Medical: Middle thyroid.

➢ School: Superior thyroid
➢ Let: Lingual
➢ Confident: Common facial
➢ People: Pharyngeal
➢ In: Inferior petrosal sinus.
➢ Sometimes occipital vein.

Facial Vein: The facial vein begin as the angular vein at the medial angle of the eye by the union of Supra
trochlear & supra orbital vein.In the neck it joins with the anterior division of retromandibular vein to form
common facial vein which drains into internal jugular vein.
Artery Supply Of Scalp:
Infront of the auricle: 3S

➢ S: Supratrochlear, branch of ophthalmic artery which is a branch of internal carotid artery.

➢ S: Supra orbital, branch of ophthalmic artery which is a branch of internal carotid artery.
➢ S: Superficial temporal, branch of external carotid artery.

Behind the auricle: POc

➢ P: Posterior auricular artery, branch of external carotid artery.

➢ Oc: Occipital artery, branch of external carotid artery.

Venous Drainage Of Scalp:

a) Supra trochlear + supra orbital vein > angular vein > facial vein
b) Superficial temporal vein + maxillary vein > retromandibular vein which divides into ant.& post. Division.
c) Anterior division + facial vein > internal jugular vein.
d) Posterior division + posterior auricular vein > external jugular vein > subclavian vein.
e) Occipital vein > suboccipital venous plexus.

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Blood Supply Of Trachea:
➢ Inferior thyroid artery mainly.
➢ Bronchial arteries partly
Venous Drainage Of Trachea:
➢ Mostly drains into the inferior thyroid veins.

Blood Supply Of Oesophagus:

➢ Branches of inferior thyroid,,descending aorta,bronchial,left gastric & left inferior phrenic arteries.

Venous Drainage Of Oesophagus:

➢ Cervical part: inferior thyroid veins
➢ Thoracic part: azygous & hemiazygous veins.
➢ Abdominal part: partly left gastric vein & partly hemiazygous vein.

Blood Supply Of Throid Gland:

➢ Superior thyroid branch of external carotid artery
➢ Inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical branch which is a branch of subclavian artery
➢ Arteria thyroida ima,if present branch of brachiocephalic trunk or arch of aorta
Venous Drainage Of Throid Gland:
➢ Superior thyroid vein drains into internal jugular vein
➢ Middle thyroid vein drains into internal jugular vein
➢ A branch of inferior thyroid vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein mostly in the right side.
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Artery supply of Nasal Septum
➢ Antero superior part: Anterior etmoidal branch of ophthalmic artery branch of ex. Carotid artery
➢ Postero inferior part: Spheno palatine & greater palatine branch of maxillary artery which is a branch of
ex. Carotid artery.
➢ Mobile part: Superior labial branch of facial artery banch of ex. Carotid artery.
Venous Drainage Of Nasal Septum
➢ Antero superior part: by superior ophthalmic vein
➢ Postero inferior part: by pterygoid venous plexus
➢ Mobile part: through facial vein into the internal jugular vein.

Artery supply of Lateral wall of Nasal Cavity:

➢ Antero superior part: Anterior ethmoidal branch of ophthalmic artery ,branch of int.carotid.
➢ Antero inferior part: Branch of facial & palatine arteries
➢ Postero superior part: Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery
➢ Postero inferior part: branches of greater palatine artery

Venous Drainage Of Lateral wall Of Nasal Cavity: The veins form a plexus which the
blood drains into the facial vein in front,retro pharyngeal & pterygoid venous plexus behind & inferior cerebral
veins above

Artery Supply Of Palate: GAP

➢ G: Greater palatine branch of maxillary artery, branch of ex.carotid artery.
➢ A: Ascending palatine branch of facial artery, branch of ex.carotid artery.
➢ P: Palatine branch of ascending pharyngel artery, branch of ex.carotid artery.

Venous Drainage Of Palate:

➢ Drains into pharyngeal venous plexus through para tonsilar veins.
Artery Supply Of Tongue:
➢ Lingual branch of ex. carotid artery.
➢ Ascending palatine & tonsilar branch of facial artery.
➢ Ascending pharyngeal branch of ex. Carotid artery.

Venous Drainage Of Tongue:

➢ Superficial veins drains the tip & under surface of tongue & ends into internal jugular vein.
➢ Deep veins drains the dorsum of tongue & end into the internal jugular vein.
Artery Supply Of Pharynx:
➢ Ascending pharyngeal
➢ Ascending palatine & tonsilar branch of facial artery
➢ Greater palatine branch of maxillary
➢ Dorsal lingual branch of lingual artery.
Venous Drainage Of Pharynx:
➢ They form a plexus which drains with the pterygoid venous plexus & drain into internal jugular vein.

Artery Supply Of Palatine Tonsil:

➢ Anterior tonsilar from dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery
➢ Posterior tonsilar from ascending palatine branch of facial & ascending pharyngeal arteries.
➢ Superior tonsilar from greater palatine artery
➢ Inferior tosilar from facial artery.

Venous Drainage Of Palatine Tonsil:

➢ The veins drains into the pharyngeal venous plexus via the paratonsilar vein.
Artery Supply Of Larynx:
➢ Above the voal fold: Superior laryngeal artery branch of superior thyroid.
➢ Below the vocal Fold: Inferior laryngeal artery branch of inferior thyroid which is a branch of
thyrocervical trunk.

Venous Drainage Of Larynx:

➢ The veins correspond to the arteries.

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Circles Of Willes: It is the largest arterial anastomosis at the base of the brain in the interpeduncular
fossa.
Formation:
➢ Anteriorly: Anterior communicating artery which links the two anterior cerebral arteries.
➢ Posteriorly: Terminal bifurcation of basiar artety with two posterior cerebral arteries.
➢ On each side: Middle cerebral, Internal carotid & posterior communicating arteries.
Artery Supply Of Spinalcord:
➢ Single anterior spinal artery branch of vertebral artery supplies the anterior two third of spinal cord.
➢ Two posterior spinal arteries branch of vertebral artery.It supplies the posterior one third of spinal cord.
➢ Segmental spinal arteries: They are branches of artery outside the vertebral column.( Deep cervical
.thoracic lumbar)
➢ Some feeder ateries arises from the vertebral column & anastomosis with the anterior & posterior spinal
arteries.One larger artery great anterior medullary artery of adamkiewicz arises from the aorta in the
lower thoracic or upper lumbar levels.They supply the lower 2/3 of spinal cord.
 Venous Drainage Of Spinalcord: The veins of the spinal cord drain into six tortuous
longitudinal veins the communicate superiorly within the skull with the veins of brain & the venous
sinuses.They drain mainly into the internal vertebral venous plexus.

Artery Supply Of Brainsteam:

Midbrain: Posterior cerebral,superior cerebeller & basilar arteries.
Pons: Pontine arteries , anterior ,inferior & superior cerebeller arteries
Medulla: Vertebral,anterior & posterior spinal,posterior inferior cerebeller arteries
Venous Drainage Of Brainsteam:
Midbrain: Midbrain isdrained by veins that open into basal or great cerebral vein.
Pons: Pons is drained by veins that open into basal veins or neighboring venous sinuses
Medulla: Medulla is drained by veins that open into spinal veins & neighboring venous sinuses,

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Artery Supply Of Cerebellum:
➢ By the superior cerebellar,Anterior & Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries.

Venous Drainage Of Cerebellum:

➢ Cerebellum is drained by veins that drained into great cerebral veins or adjacent venous sinuses.

Artery Supply Of Cerebrum:

➢ The greater part of superiomedial surface is supplied by middle cerebral artery except a strip along the
superomedial border extending from the frontal pole to the parietooccipital sulcus supplied by anterior
cerebral artery.The occipital lobe & inferior cerebral gyrus is supplied by posterior cerebral artery.
➢ The medial surface is supplied by anterior cerebral artery.The occipital & temporal lobe except the
temporal pole supplied by posterior cerebral artery.
➢ The medial part of orbital surface is supplied by anterior cerebral artery.The lateral part of orbital
surface & the anterior part of tentorial surface are supplied by middle cerebral artery.The rest part of
tentorial surface is supplied by posterior cerebral artery.
Fetal Circulation:
➢ Umbilical vein > Ductus venosus > IVC > Right atrium > Left atrium + Small amount in pulmonary trunk >
Aorta > Umbilical artery > Maternal circulation.
➢ Umbilical artery & vein carries deoxygenated & oxygenated blood as same as pulmonary artery & vein.

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