Dr.

Yasser AL harbi
 3rd week
Lateral plate mesoderm
forming pericardial cavity.
Precadiac mesoderm migrates
into splanchic layer and form
heart region.
Mesoderm around
endocardium form
mycardium.
Mesoderm migrates form
coelomic wall near liver into
cardiac region from epicardium
•Two hearts tubes unite to
form a single heart tube.
•Single heart tube
penetrates the pericardial
cavity.
•The dorsal mesocardium
which absorbed later to
form the transverse sinus
of the pericardium (behind
the aorta and pulmonary
artery and anterior to the
superior vena cava)
Primitive heart tube
Five dilation appear along Cranial
the length of the tube,
1. Truncus arteriosus
2. Bulbus cordis
3. Primitive ventricle
4. Primitive atrium
5. Sinus venosus
These five dilation undergo
dextral looping and develop caudal
into adult structure heart
Destination parts of the primitive
heart tube
 Cardiac loop

Embryonic dilation Adult structure

Truncus arteriosus Ascending Aorta

T Pulmonary trunk

Bulbus cordis Smooth part of the right ventricle

B Smooth part of the left ventricle

Primitive ventricle Rough part of the right ventricle

PV Rough part of the left ventricle

Primitive atrium •Rough part of the right atrium

PA •Rough part of the left atrium

Sinus venosus • (Right horn) Smooth part of the right

SV atrium
• ( Left horn)Coronary sinus
 Heart tube changes

Rotation clock wise +

squeezing from both lateral
side
 Development of the sinus
venosus
•Median part receives all veins
from fetal.
anterior anterior
•Median part connects with RT
horn + LT horn.
•Each horn have: vitelline +
umbilical veins +common
cardinal vein
•Right horn becomes right
atrium (smooth part)
•Left horn + median part
becomes coronary sinus
•Right common Cardinal vein
becomes lower ½ SVC
•Left common cardinal vein
becomes oblique vein of the
left atrium
 Development of the
innominate vein
•RT & LT anterior cardinal veins
connected by transverse
anastomotic vein (cross
communication)
•Upper part of RT anterior
cardinal vein becomes RT
innominate vein
•Lower part of RT anterior
cardinal vein becomes upper
part of SVC
•RT common anterior cardinal
vein becomes lower part of SVC
•transverse anastomotic vein
becomes LT innominate vein
Embryonic Adult

Right & left Vitelline vein IVC, hepatic, portal,

superior & inferior
mesentery, splenic veins

Umbilical vein right Degenerate early in fetal

life

Umbilical vein left Ligamentum teres

RT Anterior Cardinal vein SVC, internal jugular vein

RT posterior Cardinal vein IVC, common iliac vein

Subcardinal vein IVC, renal, gonadal veins

Supracardinal vein IVC, intercostals,

hemizygoes, azygoes vein
Atrium development A
•Division of the atrioventricular
canal into two halves by
endocardial cushions
(atrioventricular cushion)
•Division of the common atrium
into RT & LT atrium by
interarterial septum
•Absorption of RT horn of sinus
venouses into RT atrium
•Absorption of pulmonary veins
into left atrium

B
C
Development of the
right atrium
•The rough part (anterior wall)
is derived from RT half of the
common atrium+ RT half of
aterioventricular canal
•The smooth part( posterior
wall) is derived from RT horn
of sinus venouses
•floor of septum primum is
Fossa ovale
•Borders of septum secundum
is Annulus ovalis
 Development of the
interatrial septum
•Formation: in the roof of the primitive
atrium and grows toward the
atrioventricle cushion in AV canal.
•Ostium primum:
•Form between free edge of the septum
primum and the AV cushion.
•This foramen close when the septum
primum fuses with AV cushion.
•Ostium secundum:
•Form in center of the septum primum,
septum secundum form to right of the
septum primum.
•Foramen ovale:
•Is opening between upper and lower
limbs of the septum secundum,
 Development of left
atrium

•The rough part (left auricle) is

derived from left half common atrium
+ left half of the atrioventricular canal
•The sooth part is derived from
absorption of the pulmonary veins
 Development of the
ventricles
Has two stages :
1. Fusion of the
common ventricle &
Bulbus cordis to form
bulboventricular
chamber
2. Division the
bulboventricular
chamber by
interverntricular
septum
•Right ventricle developed from RT
half of the common ventricle
chamber (muscular or rough part)
•Smooth part from right part of the
Bulbus cordis.

•Left ventricle developed from LT

half of the common ventricle
chamber (muscular or rough part)
•Smooth part from left part of the
Bulbus cordis.

•
 Development of inter
ventricular septum
It has two parts:
1. Muscular part (arise
from the apex of the
heart, ascending
upward to endocardial
cushions), leaving an
interventricular
foramen
2. Membranous part
(extension from
proximal bulbar
septum)+ (extension
from endocardial
cushion)
Development of the Truncus
arteriosus
Divided into ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk by spiral Aortic
pulmonary septum
 Development of the
arterial system

General pattern:
•In the head and neck region
develops from 6 pairs of aortic arch.

Embryonic Adult
Arch of aorta 1 Maxillary artery

Arch of aorta 2 Stapedial artery

Arch of aorta 3 R & L common carotid artery

R & L internal carotid artery

Arch of aorta 4 Right subclavian artery

Left Arch of aorta

Arch of aorta 5 Regress in human

Arch of aorta 6 R & L pulmonary arteries

Fetal Circulation

Blood circulation from

placenta through:
1. Ductus venosus
50% oxygenated
blood, Bypass via
liver
2. Foramen ovale
Bypass toward left
ventricles
3. Ducts atreoises
Blood goes from
pulmonary artery to
descending aorta
Neonatal Circulation
Lungs provide gas exchange
Pulmonary and systemic
circulation are separated
No connection with placenta
is needed
Foramen ovale, ductus
arteriosus, ductus venosus,
and umbilical vessels are no
longer needed
 Congenital anomalies of the
heart
•Dextrocardia is a rare heart condition
in which your heart points toward the
right side of your chest instead of the left
side.
• Atrial septal defect (ASD)
sometimes called a hole in the heart is a
type of congenital heart defect in which
there is an abnormal opening in the
dividing wall between the upper filling
chambers of the heart (the atria). In
most cases, ASDs are diagnosed and
treated successfully
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is
a defect in the ventricular septum, the
extent of the opening may vary from pin
size to complete absence of
the ventricular septum, creating one
common ventricle.

•Transposition of the greater

arteries:
Abnormal neural crest cells migration
lead to partial development of the AP
septum .
Aorta arises abnormality from right
ventricle and pulmonary trunk arise
abnormality from left ventricle
Thanks