De c i i e

UNIT 1
DESCRIPTIVE

Objec i e :
Af e lea i g hi i , he de a ee ec ed be able :

1. e i he cial f c i f de c i i e ge e/ e e;
2. ki he ge e al idea h gh he ge e ic c e f de c i i e
e ;
3. ca he ecific idea h gh he ge e ic c e f de c i i e
e ;
4. ide if he c he i e de ice i de c i i e e a d e he i
he de c i i e e ;
5. ide if he e e ce c e c l ed i de c i i a d
e he i he de c i i e e ;
6. ide if he h a e a d e he i he de c i i ;
7. ide if he a allel c e ihc j ci b , a d, a d
a d e he i he de c i i e e , a d;
8. ide if he adjec i e a d hei c a ai ef e e fac
a d i i a d e he i he de c i i e e .

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FOCUS 1: The Island City, Venice

Activity 1: Pre-Reading Activity

Answer these following questions.
1. Ha e e e i i ed fl a i g ci ie ?
2. Wha d hi k f he ci ie ?
3. D e le like i i he ci ie ?
4. Gi e he ea h e le like d like i i he .

Activity 2: While-Reading Activity

While reading the text, answer the questions below.
1. Wha d e he e alk ab ?
2. H a a ag a h a e he e i he e ?
3. Which a ag a h ell ab h he e le ge e ?
4. Ca fi d blic a a i i he ci ? E lai i .
5. Wha i he i e i e i f i i g he e ?

An Island City, Venice

Ve ice i a i la d ci hich i
l ca ed 118 all i la d . I i i he
ea e a f I al a d ea he Ad ia ic
Sea. I Ve ice, he e a e 170 a e a
hich e a a e he i la d a d 400 b idge
hich c ec he i la d .
Ve ice ha bec e e f he
i a ade ce e i E ef ea . I la i i ab 72.000.
M e le i Ve ice ea hei life f i . Tha i h e e hi g
i Ve ice i e e e i e ha he he a f I al .
The e a e a ee i a e , all b idge , a d high b ildi g .
The de h f a e i ab 150 c . Ba e f he b ildi g i c ed f
ile i i a e a a i g fac ha h e b ildi g c i f ile hich
ha e bee e gf ea . The e i ca i Ve ice. The e a e l
b a . P lice ca i a b a , a b la ce i a b a ; he e a e a e a i ; he
a e al b a !

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The b ildi g i Ve ice ha e all i d a d a e cl e each

he . I f f he i d , he e a e fl e ake he b ildi g
l k ice. Ve ice i fa f ak he e a e e ak h i
Ve ice. The e h a ac a i a e i beca e f bea if l
a k . Addi i all , delici i a , I alia ice-c ea a d a a i h
delici a ce i i e i a e.
(Take f h :// ibellg l eki . d e .c /2011/03/17)

Activity 3: Post-Reading Activity

After reading the text, answer the following questions.
1. Ve ice i ell-k a a fl a i g ci . Wh ?
2. H a ca al a e he e i he ci ?
3. H d e le i Ve ice li e?
4. D hi k ha e le la ee g ee hei e i e ?
5. Wha i ecial ab Ve ice?

Activity 4: References
Read the part of the text containing reference.

Venice is an island cit hich is located on 118 small islands. I is in the eastern
part of Ital and near the Adriatic Sea.

The dI i a ha b i e he d Venice, I efe

Ve ice.

Now, read the following text.

Ve ice ha bec e e f he i a ade ce e i E e
f ea . I la i i ab 72.000. M e le i Ve ice ea
hei life f i .
The e a e a ee i ae, all b idge , a d high b ildi g .
The de h f a e i ab 150 c . Ba e f he b ildi g a
c ed f ile i i a e a a i g fac ha h e b ildi g
c i f ile hich ha e bee e gf ea . The e i ca

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i Ve ice. The e a e l b a . P lice ca i a b a , a b la ce i a

b a ; he e a e a e a i ; he a e al b a !

Find five pronouns and then write the references.

1. The .................. efe he d ........................

2. The .................. efe he d ........................

3. The .................. efe he d ........................

4. The .................. efe he d ........................

Activity 5: Using be and ha e to make a description

I he e de c ibi g Ve ice, he i e e e b be a d ha e. The
e b be c ld be is/am/are/ as/ ere a d he e b have c ld be
has/ha e/had.
E a le :
Thi is he ca hich b he g f hi i .
I have e hi g fi i h I j i he c ce .

Fi d he e e ce i he e c ai i g be a d ha e.

be

have

Be ide he e b ha e, he i e e he e b consist of a d as composed of

i he e . The ha e i ila ea i g i aki g de c i i .

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E ample:
Ba e f he b ildi g was composed of ile i i a e a a i g
fac ha h e b ildi g hich consist of ile ha e bee e g
f ea .

Describe your campus by using be/ha e/c i f/c m ed f.

Write sentences by using be/ha e/c i f/c m ed f.

1. ..............................................................

2. ..............................................................

3. ..............................................................

4. .............................................................

Activity 6: Using he e to make a description

S e i e he d there i ed de c ibe ha e ee a d k ab
e hi g e e.

E ample:
be/be
noun/noun phrase
not
ae a ee i ae, all b idge , a d
The e
high b ildi g .
a a ele i i i he li i g .
i e ilk i he f idge.

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Find the sentences in the text containing he e.

1
2
3
4
5

Describe your classroom by using the word he e.

1
2
3
4
5

Activity 7: Using Coordinating Conjunctions in Parallel Structure

Read he f ll i g e e ce ake f he e .
- The b ildi g i Ve ice ha e all i d and a e cl e each
he .
( a allel c e be ee e b h a e )
- Ve ice i fa f a k so he e a e e ak h i Ve ice.
( a allel c e be ee cla e )
- I i i he ea e a f I al and ea he Ad ia ic Sea.
( a allel c e be ee e i i al h a e )
- The e a e a ee i a e , all b idge , and high b ildi g .
( a allel c e be ee hae)

The d and a d so a e a f c di a i g c j c i hich

f ci c ec d , h a e , a d cla e . The e a e e e f
c di a i g c j c i called FANBOYS hich a d f :
F =F e lai he h i a i a i .
A =A d ed he i ila cla e i a e ade.

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N =N ed ab i ila ie b i he ega i e e e.
I i ge e all ed af e a ei he (- ei he , - )
B =B h ac a be ee cla e .
O =O gge a i al e a i e.
Y = Ye h ac a i ie f e hi g.
S =S h he c e e ce e l f e hi g.

Circle the coordinating conjunctions and identify the parallel structure

of the sentences below.
1. M . B like g h e ea l , b hi ife efe a la e.
2. Ma like hiki g a d i i g, a d idi g a bic cle.
3. She a ea e , f i a c ld ide.
4. The ee ea i g jacke , e e he ca i g b ella .
5. He ca b he b k, he ca b i f he lib a .
6. The de a e hi , he g he e ge e ae.
7. The died a l , e e f he did a he e .

Describe your activities in some sentences using parallel structure.

1
2
3
4
5

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FOCUS 2: Tokyo, the Largest City in Japan

Activity 1: Pre-reading Activity

You are going to read a text about Tokyo. Before reading it, answer these
questions.
1. D k he ca i al ci f Ja a ?
2. Whe e i he i a ci i Ja a ?
3. I T k a de ci ld ci ?
4. Whe e i he ce al b i e i Ja a ?
Activity 2: While reading Activity
While reading the text about Tokyo, answer the questions below.
1. Wha i he fi a ag a h ab ?
2. Which a f he e de c ibe e li a a ea?
3. Wha d e he ec d a ag a h alk ab ?
4. Wha d e he i e a i l ?

Read the following passage rapidly, and mention the parts of Tokyo.

Tokyo, the Largest City in Japan

T k i a ci a d he ca i al f Ja a . I i l ca ed a he head
f T k Ba he Pacific c a f ce al H h . I i he f c f he
a e li a a ea f e called G ea e T k , he la ge ba a d
i d ial aggl e a i i Ja a .
The e li a a ea i he la ge i d ial, c e cial, a d
fi a cial ce e i Ja a . Ma d e ic a d i e a i al fi a cial
i i i a d he b i e e a e head a e ed i ce al T k . The
ci i a i a h le ale ce e , he e g d f all a f he
c a d he ld a e di ib ed. T k i a f he Keihi I d ial
Z e, ce e ed he e e h e f he ba , hich ha bec e he
c leadi g a fac i g egi . Ligh a d lab -i e i e
i d ie ed i a e i he ci . P i i g, bli hi g a d he
a fac e f elec ic e i e ae e la ha he
b i e e i ha ci .
(Take f Britannica Enc clopedia)

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Activity 3: Post-reading Activity

After reading the text above, answer these questions.
1. Whe e i T k l ca ed?
2. I T k e li a a ea e e a ea?
3. Whe e i he b i e head a e ed l ca ed i Ja a ?
4. Wha i he ea i g f Ja a i a h le ale ce e ?

Activity 4: Degrees of Comparison

Read the following sentences and pay attention to the italic word.
The e li a a ea i he largest i d ial, c e cial, a d fi a cial
ce e i Ja a .

The d largest i a e la i e adjec i e f he d large. I i ed

de c ibe a bjec hich i a he e l e li i f a ali a d i i
ed i a e e ce he e a bjec i c a ed a g f bjec .
U all i c a i g he ali f e hi g fi d a be e
he be hi g, i i ed c aai ea d e la i e adjec i e . F i g
c aai e a d e la i e i ea . The f de e d he be f
llable i he igi al adjec i e.

ONE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES

Add -er f he c a a i e a d -est f he e la i e. If he adjec i e ha
ac a + i gle el + c a elli g, he fi al c a
be d bled bef e addi g he e di g.

adjective comparative superlative

all Talle alle
fa Fa e fa e
big bigge bigge
ad adde adde

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TWO SYLLABLES
Adjec i e i h llable ca f he c a a i e ei he b addi g -
er b ceedi g he adjec i e i h e. The e adjec i e f he
e la i e ei he b addi g -est b ceedi g he adjec i e i h .

adjective comparative superlative

ha ha ie ha ie
i le i le i le
b B ie b ie
il ed e il ed il ed
a gled e a gled a gled

THREE OR MORE SYLLABLES

Adjec i e i h h ee e llable f he c aai eb i g
more i f f he adjec i e, a d he e la i e b i g most i f .

adjective comparative superlative

i a ei a i a
e e i e ee e i e e e i e
diffe e e diffe e diffe e

IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

The e e c adjec i e ha e c le el i eg la c a ai ea d
e la i e f .

adjective comparative superlative

g d be e be
Bad e
Li le le lea
M ch e
Fa f he /fa he f he /fa he
e c.

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E amples:
1. T k ha he best.
2. T da i he worst da I' e had i a l g i e.
3. Y la e i better ha I d .
4. Thi i he least e e i e ea e i he e.
5. Thi ea e i less e e i e ha ha e.

The f la f i gc ai a d e la i e adjec i e :
1. C ai :
noun
noun (subject) verb comparative adjectives than
(object)
M h e I la ge ha he
Thi b I alle ha he e I l
Y d g fa e ha T d g

2. S e la i e:
noun (subject) verb The superlative adjectives
noun (object)
M h e i he la ge ei
eighb h d.
Thi i he alle b I ee e
ee .
Y d g a he fa e f a d g i he
ace
Write the things in your surrounding by using the two formulas above.
1

c aai e 2

e la i e 2

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Activity 5: True, False, Not Given

D he f ll i g a e e ag ee i h he i f a i gi e i he e ?
Ch e TRUE if a a e e ag ee i h he i f ai i he e ,
FALSE if a a e e di ag ee a d NOT GIVEN if he e i i f ai
gi e ab hi i he e b gi i g a check ( ) i he igh c l .

Not
No Statement True False
Given
G ea e T k i he head f T k
1
Ba l ca ed i T k , Ja a
T k i ab ci i ce e ki d
2
f b i e e ha e hei ffice he e
I i e h i T k beca e i i
3
l ca ed i he head f a ba
The e a e fac ie hich d ce
4 b ildi g a e ial like ce e i
T k .
I igh be ea fi d j al , b k ,
5
a d aga i e i T k .

Activity 6: Understanding Generic Structure and the Elements

De c i i e e ha a ge e ic c e. I c i f ide ifica i a d
de c i i . Ide ifica i f c i f i d ci g he bjec ha ill
be de c ibed. De c i i c ai a de c i i f e hi g ch a
a i al, hi g , lace, e ,a d .

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To check your understanding of the generic structure of the text above,

complete the diagram below.

Ide ifica i T k i a ci a d he ca i al f Ja a .

De c i i

FOCUS 3: Computer Scientist

Activity 1: Pre-Reading Activity

You are going to read a text about computer scientist. Before doing that,
answer the questions below.
1. A e fa ilia i h a c e cie i ?
2. Wha d hi k f a c e cie i ?
3. D k a c e cie i ? Wh ?
4. D a be a c e cie i ?

Activity 2: While-Reading Activity

While reading the text, answer these questions.
1. Wha i he fi a ag a h ab ?
2. Wha i he f c i f he fi a ag a h?
3. Which a ag a h e lai ab La fa il ?
4. Wha i he ea i g f CEO?

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La e ce La Page i e f he i fl e ial e le i he
ld. Page i a A e ica c e cie i ; he i al a I e e
e e e e . He a a c -f de f G gle i h hi f ie d, Se ge B i ,
i 1998. N , he la a le a a chief e ec i e ffice (CEO) f
Al ha e , G gle ae c a . La Page a b i Michiga .
B 2019, hi age i 46 ea ld. Hi hai i da k b hile hi ki i fai .

Ab hi fa il , a e ea ch cie i a ed L ci da S h hi
hi ife. N , he i a ell-k fa he f child e . I N e be
2016, he beca e he 12 h iche e . La la ed ca i backg d
hich he g i a Ph.D. f Sa f dU i e i . He e, he e Se ge B i .
The , he i c a ed G gle i de ake ld i f a i ea
acce . Thi c a ake hi be e f he cce f l e le i
he ld.

Take f h :// .fa e lele .c

Activity 3: Post-Reading Activity

After reading the text, answer these following questions.
1. Wha i he be i le f he e ?
2. Wha i he ai idea f he fi a ag a h?
3. Wha d e he ec d a ag a h di c ?
4. I ha ea a La b ?
5. Wha i he a e f La c a ?

Activity 4: Pre- and Post-modifiers

Make a description by using noun with pre- and post-modifiers.
Read the following sentence and pay attention to the underlined words
La la ed ca i backg d hich he g i a Ph.D. f Sa f d
U i e i .

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The de li ed d a ea ha ec i i g f ih e- a d
- difie a a ged ba ed he able bel :

Deicti Numbe Describin Classifyin Noun Quantifie

c r g g r
Larr s last ed cation backgro n hich he
d got

Notes:
- Deic ic : A icle (a, a , he) a d e i e adjec i e (he , ,
, e c.)
- N be : Ca di al (1,2,3) a d O di al (fi , ec d)
- De c ibi g : Q ali , i e, age, c l , a d ha e (fille : adjec i e,
e e , a d a a ici le)
- Cla if i g : F c i a d O igi (fille : , ge d, adjec i e)
- Q alifie : Addi i al i f a i (fille : adjec i e cla e, e e
a ici le h a e, a a ici le h a e, i fi i i e h a e,
e i i al h a e, adjec i e h a e, ca di al/ di al
be )

Read the text and find the noun phrases with their pre- and post-
modifiers. Place the words in the right categories.

Deictic Number Describing Classifying Noun Quantifier

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Describe your country by using noun phrases containing pre- and post
modifiers.

FOCUS 4: My Cat Zedva

Activity 1: Pre-Reading Activity

You are going to read a text about a cat. Before reading it, answer the
questions below.
1. D like ca ?
2. D ha e a ca ?
3. Wha d k ab a ca ?
4. If d ha e a ca a d a ha e e, ha ecie d
a ?

Activity 2: While-Reading Activity

While reading the text, answer the questions below.
1. Wha i he f c i f he fi a ag a h?
2. Wha i he ec d a ag a h ab ?
3. Whe e ca fi d Zed a ea i g habi ?
4. H i he e ga i ed?
5. Wha d e he i e a d ih e ?

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My Cat Zedva
Zed a i bea if l g a Pe ia ca . He alk i h ide a d
g ace, e f i g a da ce f di dai a he l l lif a d l e each a
i h he delicac f a balle da ce . Hi ide, h e e , d e e e d
hi a ea a ce, f he e d f hi i e i d a chi g ele i i
a dg i g fa . He e j ie i Tele i i . Al e e da ca
Zed a al a a che ele i i af e he feed a d e i e ea hile
a chi g ele i i .
Zed a i a fi ick ab ii a he i ab ha he ea ,
bef ie di g e a d e elli g he . He a ggle agai
a kle, beg be e ed, i i a e a k k a d ai fa i e e .
Zed a d e d hi e abli h hi e i , a a ca e e hi k,
b h ilia e e beca e he i jeal f f ie d . Af e g e
ha e fled, I l k a he ld fleabag i g a d ili g hi elf i f
f he ele i i e , a d I ha e f gi e hi f hi b i , b
e dea i g, habi .

Take f :h :// dhi ich a .bl g .c /2016/03/ -ca -

ed a.h l

Activity 3: Post-reading Activity

After reading the text above, answer the questions below.
1. Wh d e he i e de c ibe he ca ac i g a e f i ga
da ce f di dai ?
2. Wha ake he ca g i g fa ?
3. Wha d e he ca d h hi jel ?
4. Wha d e he d the old fleabag efe ?
5. Wha d hi k ab he e e ce I ha e to forgi e him for his
obno io s, b t endearing, habits. ?

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Activity 4: Exercises
Read the following advertisement and then answer the questions

ROOM TO RENT

Contact Phone No.:093246434545

Bedrooms: 7 Pl
Bathrooms: Sha ed
Short URL: Ad Ti. e/253380
Ad Description:
l ca ed i i i a i j e (a ba g c c/ a ilda b adf d
ch l, ee be ide c b ba k) .Walki g di a ce c
ege c , bi f e e, ca acce gell , , c
/ ai c i f 2 e . F ll f i hed
ih ai c f 4 e . f ll f i hed i h
all fa
di i h all ki che a ea a d ha ca .

Take f h ://ceb .f eead i e. g/f ee-ad /253380

1. Me i e f e i he ab e ad e i e e !
2. Wh ill be i e e ed i e i g he ?
3. Ca b ei e e fi d he ad e i e e ?
4. D hi k ha ill ha e i ac if a i ha lace?
5. D hi k ha i i h i hi a ea?

Activity 5: True, False, or Not Given

Based on the advertisement above, state the following statements are
True, False or Not Given . To give answers, give a tick (√) in the right
column.

N
N Sae e T e Fal e
Gi e
I i e chea e a f a
1
e h k i a ba k.
Ta ai i e i ed f
2
h i g dail eed .
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Pe le h e he h ld
3 ha e hei f i e like able
a d chai .
C ki g i ible f all he e le
4 h e he beca e he e i a
all ea he lace.
If e a , ca b i g
5
e a ih .

Activity 6: Ellipsis
I eaki g a d i i g E gli h, e d e ea e d .S ei e ,
e e lace d ih .

E am le: Al e e da ca Zed a al a a che ele i i af e

he feed a d e i e ea hile a chi g ele i i . [li e 5 a ag a h 1]

The d ha ed e ea a e ca Zed a .

The e e ce eall ea : Al e e da ca Zed a al a a che

ele i i af e he feed a d e i e m cat Zed a ea hile a chi g
ele i i .

Read each e e ce bel . S e d ae e ea ed. O he bla k

li e , i e he d d hich a e e ea ed.
1. Ma i he alle child i he fa il , b he i he lde .
________________________________________________
2. The e a e a ca e f ai ll i . A bile a d i d
ae .
________________________________________________
3. Ma d e k h i , b he a lea .
________________________________________________
4. The c kie l ked delici , Ma a e e.
________________________________________________

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5. The e a e e e al ki d f e i Chicag . The M e f

Scie ce a d I d a d he Field M e f Na al Hi ae
.
________________________________________________
6. U all he e i a l f affic he e e a ,b da he e
i l a li le.
________________________________________________
7. E a ca i , b Wa ca .
_______________________________________________
8. S e ee l e hei lea e i he i e , b e ee d .
________________________________________________
9. The e a e e bi d ha d fl hi h i e .O e
e a le i he ca di al.
________________________________________________
10. A he i he bi .
________________________________________________

Activity 7: Grammar Practice

Choose the best answer to complete the sentence below.
1. ... i he g ge ci f Ve ice i he a chi ec e ha e e b d
l e i i.
a. O e bigge a ac i
b. The bigge a ac i
c. A bigge a ac i
d. I i he bigge a ac i

2. ... a e big h l ca ed i he ce al a k hich ide ha e e e

eed f e ei e .
a. The
b. I
c. Tha
d. The e

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3. The ea he i g d da . I ' ai i g. I h e he ea he ill be

... e eek.
a. g d
b. be e
c. be
d. he be

4. M f ie d a ha Ja a e e i e diffic l ... E gli h

a. ha lea
b. lea ha
c. ha lea
d. lea ha

5. Bei g a ... ale a a dT k , b he eld a i e

al h gh he a e li e i he a e ci .
a. a ele
b. a el
c. a elled
d. a elli g

6. While e j i ed he de bili ga i T k , eae hi,

d a k ake, a d ... Ja a e e.
a. eaki g
b. eak
c. ke
d. ke

7. M fb e flie a e bea if l a d c l f l,... e ki d a e

i .
a.
b.
c. f
d. e

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8. While he ld lad e j eei g b e flie a he bea if l ga de , he

d g lee he bed, a d ...
a. he ca
b. he ca i he ca e
c. he ca a i he ca e
d. he ca a i g

9. F a e le l i g b e flie , he e a i al a e ...
a. he c age li le c ea e
b. he c ea e c age li le
c. he li le c ea e c age
d. he c age c ea e li le

10. B e flie a e bea if l c ea e ha ca ake ga de l k

... a d c l f l.
a. heal h
b. heal hie
c. heal h
d. e heal h

Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined.

The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and
(D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that should be corrected.

1. Thi a ic ci f Ve ice a e ha ke he a e l kf
A B
h d ed f ea , hich ake i e f e a ac i e i
C D
de i a i i he ld.

2. Whe e hi k f Ve ice, he hi g hich c e i d i ca al .

A B C D
3. Thi a e e b idge he G a d Ca al i e f he
A B
fa b idge i Ve ice a d i a ic f he ci .
C D

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 De c i i e

4. The i e ial Palace i i he ce e f he ci f T k , Ja a b i

A B
a b il he g d faf e h g ' ca le.
C D
5. The The I e ial Fa il f Ja a li e i hi c le f he
A B
I e ial Palace, ded b he E kiage bea if l Ga de .
C D

6. The e f he b ke b idge a e he ea h he d e a
A B C D
c e he e.

7. S e e
le aid ha a h lida b he ea a e be e ha a
A B C
h lida i he i ai .
D
8. The a e e eh ified f he a bl d ai he fl
A B C
ig
f hei child.
D
9. The e lec e i de a e i a fa i e e A alia
A B C
e e e e h each he e e e e hi bjec .
D
10. A c e , like a he achi e , i ed beca e he d e
A B C
ce ai j b be e ha h a bei g .
D

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 De c i i e

LESSON SUMMARY

1. De c i i i a e ed de c ibe a d e eal a a ic la
e , lace, hi g.

2. The ge e ic c e f de c i i e :
a. Ide ifica i
I f ci f ide if i g he e ch a e ,
lace, hi g ha ill be de c ibed.
b. De c i i
I de c ibe a , cha ac e i ic , ali ie , e c.

3. The la g age fea e:

a. S a ial ela i
b. C j c i : b , a d,
c. Refe e ce i e : he , he , he, i
d. Pa allel c e: S + c j c i + S
NP + c j c i + NP
N+c j ci +N
V+c j ci +V
Adj + c j c i + Adj
e. Se e ce a e : S + be (i /a e) + (C/adj)
S + ha /ha e + C le e
The e + i /a e + C le e
f. Deg ee f c ai
he + bea if l + lace
he + ge +
e delici + ha
ge + ha

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