HEADQUARTERS

CITIZENSHIP ADVANCEMENT TRAINING UNIT

PATEROS CATHOLIC SCHOOL
Pateros, Metro Manila

SUBJECT : Military Leadership

I. INTRODUCTION

Leadership is not inherent, although there are potential leaders, however, these potential leaders
must grow up by conscientious development, hard study, proper and persistent practice of sound
leadership techniques.

Ability to do things is essentially acquired by proper development and guidance. And because of
the necessity of development and guidance, MOST LEADERS ARE MADE.

To become leaders as a result of this training will largely depend on the INDIVIDUAL HIMSELF
because leadership must be DEVELOPED, APPLIED, PRACTICED, AND EXPERIENCED.

II. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP

1. To acquire performance skill by experience, study, and observation in the “art” of influencing,
and directing others because leadership is not a fixed science;
2. To provide leaders with a practical guide in the application of leadership principles, the leadership
traits which can be developed, and the techniques which can be learned;
3. To cultivate the continuing process of leadership development directed towards the mental, and
physical ability, the moral, and ethical integrity expected of a leader; and
4. To provide essential insight and basic concept of leadership.

III. DEFINITION OF TERMS

A. LEADER – is the one who possesses qualities necessary to direct others.

B. LEADERSHIP – is the ability of imposing one’s will upon others sufficiently to command their
obedience. It is an art of influencing and directing others to an assigned goal in such a way as to
attain their obedience, confidence, respect, and loyal cooperation.
C. LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES – are fundamental rules applied by a leader to control or guide the
actions of subordinates
D. LEADERSHIP TRAITS – are distinguished personal qualities that are helpful in the exercise of
leadership.
E. LEADERSHIP TECHNIQUES – are methods of applying leadership principles.

IV. OBJECTIVE OF LEADERSHIP

The goal is the creation and maintenance of a command which will loyally and willingly
accomplish any reasonably task, and will initiate suitable action in the absence of orders.

Precisely, there is a need for the proper application of the principles of leadership that will lead to
high morale and esprit de corps thus create an efficient and well disciplined organization.

V. RESPONSIBILITIES OF LEADERSHIP
 The responsibility of leadership is on the leader’s ability to persuade and dominate because his
success is dependent upon his skill to control his unit.

1. ACCOMPLISHMENT OF GOAL – the primary duty of a leader is the accomplishment of the task
assigned to him;
2. DUTIES TO HIS MEN – The leader is duty bound to look after his men’s welfare, their
development, and related obligation.

VI. BASIC ELEMENTS OF LEADERSHIP

1. CHARACTER – a good leader must be of good moral character. Some indications are honesty,
good manners, industrious, self-control, and bravery.
2. INTELLIGENCE – it is the ability to grasp knowledge easily. It includes native ability, good
common sense and judgement.
3. ALERTNESS – is the mental and physical watchfulness, vigilance, and observance to his plans
and future activities.

VII. INDICATION OF LEADERSHIP

There are four accurate indications of the success or failure in the exercise of leadership:

1. DISCIPLINE – is the state of mental order and obedience existing within a command. It
involves the ready subordination of the will of an individual for the good of the group. True
discipline demands habitual but reasoned obedience that preserves initiative and functions
unfaltering even in the absence of the leader.

2. MORALE – is the mental and emotional state of an individual. This is a great contributory
factor to the efficiency of a unit and good morale is indicated by:
a. ZEAL – is the voluntary effort which an individual gives to his task; over and beyond
his obedience to commands and regulations;
b. There is a basic sense of personal worth in each individual, founded on confidence in
their leader, training, equipment and other factors; and
c. There is satisfaction or pride in each individual in accomplishing his assigned goal.

3. ESPRIT DE CORPS – is the mental and emotional state of a unit which involves the
interaction of the men towards one another within a situation they are placed, showing
enthusiasm, pride, devotion, and zealous regard for the honor of the group. It is how an
individual feels towards his unit. Spirit of the body, in English.

4. EFFICIENCY – is the ability to successfully accomplish an assigned task in the shortest

possible time, with the minimum expenditure of means and with the least possible confusion.
It is engendered in a group by sound training and by effective administration and is
enhanced by good discipline, high morale and esprit de corps

VIII. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMAND AND LEADERSHIP

There are two things involved in the exercise of leadership which are – 1.) EXERCISE OF COMMAND
and 2.) RESPONSIBILITY OF THAT COMMAND.
In leadership, EXERCISE OF COMMAND is the authority that superiors lawfully exert over
subordinates by virtue of his rank or designation. While, RESPONSIBILITY OF COMMAND is the duty
to receive, comply with, and execute instructions with exactness and thoroughness regardless of the
leader’s personal feelings.

IX. TYPES OF LEADERSHIP

1. AUTHORITARIAN – is one who is predominantly recognized by the use of authority and

power.

2. PERSUASIVE – is one who takes into account the human element, its complexity and
differentiation in physical, mental and moral capabilities and limitations of the individual. To a
great extent, the persuasive leader uses his skill in leadership upon example and ability with
high standards of discipline and efficiency for himself as well as his followers.

X. ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGY AND ETHICS

1. ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGY – psychology is the study of human behavior. It is known that no two
individuals are exactly alike and that human beings tend to react similarly under a given
situation or a set of conditions.

2. ROLE OF ETHICS – ethics is the science of moral study. The leader in deciding a given course
of action should determine as to whether it is morally right or wrong, so that he can set an
example for his men and win their confidence and respect.

XI. LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES

PRINCIPLE I – Know your job – A leader must be professionally and culturally prepared to know or
handle his duties and responsibilities.

PRINCIPLE II – Know yourself and seek self-improvement – A leader should analyze himself to
determine his good qualities and recognize his weaknesses. He must strive to learn and correct his
deficiencies.

PRINCIPLE III – Know your men and look for their welfare – A leader knows very well each of his
men and should positively act on their problems.

PRINCIPLE IV – Keep your informed – A leader should give his subordinates every information
necessary to guide them in their job or mission.

PRINCIPLE V – Set the example – A leader should strive to improve and maintain his personal and
official standard so as to set an example worthy to be imitated by his men.

PRINCIPLE VI – Ensure the task is understood, supervised and accomplished – A leader should give
clear and concise order that can be understood. He supervises his men in accomplishing the mission
assigned to them.
 PRINCIPLE VII – Train your men as a team – Each man should understand that he has a job to
perform and must cooperate with the others in achieving the common objective.

PRINCIPLE VIII – Make sound and timely decision – the leader must be able to make a rapid
estimate of the situation and arrive at a sound decision and arrive at a sound decision. For any
situation that may arise, the leader should be able to act logically.

PRINCIPLE IX – Seek responsibility and develop a sense of responsibility among subordinates – A

leader should train his subordinates to act in the absence of orders when the situation so demands.

PRINCIPLE X – Employ your unit in accordance to its capability – A leader must have a thorough
knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of his command, he must assign objectives that are
possible of attainment.

PRINCIPLE XI – Take responsibility on your action – The commander is responsible for all that his
unit does or fails to do. Avoiding responsibility causes disloyalty and disrespect for leaders.

XII. LEADERSHIP TECHNIQUE

A leadership technique is defined as the method or ways means of applying leadership principles
that is effective under a circumstance or most circumstances.

In a small group, the leaders can influence and direct his subordinates through close, direct and
personal contact. Whereas, in large group the leader rely upon his staff and other subordinates to assist
him in making his leadership effectively felt.

XIV. LEADERSHIP TRAITS

There are human qualities that are of great value to the leader. To develop these qualities, a
good leader must conduct a self-analysis of himself as to which traits he is deficient for which he must
develop and strengthen those that are already strong.

1. Bearing – dignified appearance and behaviour

2. Courage – physical and moral ability to act in spite of dangers and hardships
3. Decisiveness – ability to decide promptly and correctly at the proper time and to announce his
decision
4. Dependability – performance of duty with or without supervision
5. Endurance – physical and mental strength to continue or complete a task
6. Enthusiasm – has interest in his work
7. Force – ability to compel obedience
8. Humility - state of being reasonably proud but not arrogant and boastful
9. Humor – ability to appreciate or narrate amusing incidents of everyday life
10. Initiative – ability to start or originate a task
11. Integrity – possesses a good moral character
12. Judgement – power of mind to weigh problems and decide promptly
13. Justice – impartial in giving credits, punishments, and dealing with others
14. Knowledge – professional knowledge of the job, understanding the characteristics of his men
15. Loyalty – quality of sincerity and faithfulness to superiors and subordinates
16. Sympathy – mutual feeling for others
17. Tact – ability to deal with people without hurting their feelings
18. Unselfishness - avoidance of personal consideration that gives disadvantage to others

XV. ROLES OF A LEADER

a. Model Soldier
b. Commander
c. Supervisor
d. Instructor
e. Personnel Manager
f. Counselor
g. Custodian of his men’s welfare