UNIT 2

2.1.1 POSSESSIONS

There are several common ways of showing possession in English. The most common one is
through use of the apostrophe (') and "S:

Use 's with a plural noun not ending in s

The men´s coat

POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUMS

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: (They are used to show possession or ownership of something)

Possessive Adjective + Noun. Examples:
My dog is big.
Her cat is brown.
Their sister is a teacher
 POSSESIVES PRONOUMS (They show who or what something belongs to)

What color is your brother's jacket?

His jacket is black.
(Your and his are possessive adjectives; your and his modify the noun jacket in both examples)

What color is yours?

Mine is blue.
(Yours and mine are possessive pronouns - yours functions as a subject complement in the first
example; mine functions as a subject in the second example)

Your bike is blue. (your is an adjective which modifies bike)

Mine is yellow. (mine is a pronoun which functions as the subject of the verb is)

EXERCISE IN CLASS:

Replace the personal pronouns by possessive pronouns.

1. The black book is (you) ______________.

2. The red ball is (I.) ___________________
3. The blue car is (we). _________________
4. The silver ring is (she). ___________________
5. The blue uniforms are (they). _______________
HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE WRITE THE CORRECT POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

1. I have a dog. That dog is ___!

2. She has a cat. That cat is ___!

3. We have a car. That car is ___!

4. They have a bike. That bike is ___!

5. He has a key. That key is ___!

6. You have a hat. That hat is ___!

7.The horse has an apple. That apple is ____!

HAVE + NOUN

We use “have” or has when you are informing someone of something you have possession of or
have acquired. Here are some examples:

"I have a cat."

"You have a car."
"She has a house."
"He has a computer”.

Look at the picture and write:  have or has

VOCABULARY 2.1.2
 GRAMMAR 2.2.1

Indefinite Articles—a, an

So we use (a) before these words: a university (ə ju:n…/) a European (ə juər…/).Include words that
begin with a silent letter “h”. Examples: an hour, an honest child, an honour.

We use the to talk about geographical points on the globe. For example: the North Pole, the
equator.

We use the to talk about rivers, oceans and seas. For example: the Nile, the Pacific, the English
Channel.

We also use the before certain nouns when we know there is only one of a particular thing. For
example: the rain, the sun, the wind, the world, the earth, the White House etc.

You don´t use an article when talking about sports. For example: My son plays football.
Tennis is expensive.

Insert definite or indefinite articles, the, an, a, where necessary:

1.......... Mississippi river is ............. longest river in ....... world.

2........... exercise is good for our health.
3........... Chinese language is difficult.
4. Mr. Brown is ......... teacher.
5. They took him to ....... hospital in.............. Ambulance
6. ....... good student works hard.
 7. A lot of ships cross........... Pacific Ocean.

HOMEWORK: MATCH THIS PICTURES ACCORDING TO THE NAMES AND THEIR ARTICLES
GRAMMAR: 2.2.2 THE DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES
We use demonstrative adjectives to point out specific people, things or places.

 This (Este, ésta, esto) is used to refer to a single person, thing or place that is close to or
near the speaker.
 That (Ese, ésa, eso, aquél, aquélla) is used when the person, thing or place is more distant
or far.

 This computer is easy to use.

 That coat on the chair is mine

 These (estos, estas) is the plural form of this. (near)

 Those (ésos, esas aquellos, aquellas) is the plural form of that. (far)

 These letters are urgent.  Please post them immediately.

 Those men in the street are policemen.

EXERCISES IN CLASS:

COMPLETE WITH DEMOSTRATIVE. PAY ATTENTION TO THE OBJECT AND THE POSITION
IN BRACKETS.

1. - Mary, is ____________________ your book? (Near)

2. - No, ________________________ is not my book. (Far)

3. - Ana, are________________________ your notebooks? (Near)

4. - No, _________________________ are not my notebooks. (Far)

5. - Is _______________________ your chair? (Far)

6. - Yes. _____________________ is my chair

2.2.3 PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

These prepositions will help you speak about where things are:

 Question: Where is the cat? Answer: It's under the table.

Negative: The cat isn´t under the table

on sobre

in dentro de

above encima de
over

under debajo de

in front of delante de

behind detrás de

beside al lado de
near cerca de
next to junto a

between entre

among entre

EXERCISE IN CLASS:
 2.2.4. PLURAL (ENDING “S”)

Mouse (mice)
Goose (geese)

Many nouns ending with f or fe change this to a v and add es. For example: loaf= loaves

Wife= wives, knife =knives

***NOTE: This rule does NOT work with: roof, hoof, chief, belief, and cliff.

When nouns ending in f or ff we add s and we form the plural by applying the general rule.

eg .: chief, chiefs; roof, roofs; cliff, cliffs; hoof, hoofs, giraffe, giraffes; belief, beliefs.

Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding s.

Examples: boy, boys; day, days; toy, toys; essay, essays; turkey, turkeys; play, plays;

Valley, valleys.

EXERCISES IN CLASS:

CHANGE THE SENTENCES FROM SINGULAR INTO PLURAL

1. There is a mouse under the bed.
2. This is a box.
3. This is a child.
4. There is a goose in the garden.
5. He is a thief.
6. My foot is cold.
7. He has an ox.
8. There is a man there.
9. He is in the bus.
10. He has a nice watch.