2 00 Adverbial Clauses

Modern English part II—Sentence & Complex Structures
Exercises for Non-native Speakers

2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
pp. 19~20
Type of Subordinate Conjunction
a
Clauses Beginning with Clause Sentences
vi
Time when as soon as I can see you when I finish my work.
ed
while as long as She was reading a book while the dinner was cooking.
ar
since by the time (that) I have not seen him since he returned to the country.
before now that They will leave before you get there.
sh
after once
until as Abridgments of time clauses:
as
When (or While) young, I looked at things differently.
When a boy, I looked at things differently.
w
She always sings when doing her work.
m e
Experience, when dearly bought, is seldom thrown away.
Place
co rc
where We live where the road crosses the river.
o. ou
wherever Abridgments of place clauses:
er res
Wherever possible, the illustrations are taken from literature.

se dy

tu
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2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
a
Casue because He could not come because (or since, as) he was ill.
vi
since Now that he has passed the examination, he can get his degree.
as Whereas they have disobeyed the law, they will be punished.
ed
now that Inasmuch as no one was hurt because of his negligence, the
judge
ar
whereas (legal) gave him a light sentence.
sh
inasmuch as (formal) On account of (or Owing to) the fact that the country was at
war,
as
as long as all the young men were drafted.
on account of the fact that
w
owing to the fact that Abridgments of cause clauses:
in view of the fact that It is an unpardonable insult, since intentional.
m e
because of the fact that
co rc
due to the fact that
o. ou
(informal)
er res
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2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

a
vi
Condition if If it rains, we won’t have the picture.
unless We won’t have the picnic unless the weather is good.
ed
on condition that We’ll have the picnic providing that it doesn’t rain.
provided that In the event (or In case) (that) it rains, the picnic will be
ar
postponed.
sh
providing that Abridgments of condition clauses:
in the event that In contrary-to-fact conditions:
as
in case that 現在式－Were I in your position, I would take advantage of that
offer.
w
whether … or not 過去式－Had I known you were coming, I would have met your at
the station.
m e
Please come early if possible.
co rc This application will not work unless properly attached.
o. ou
er res
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2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
a
vi
ed
Contrast:
concessive although, though Although (or Thought) I felt very tired, I tried to finish the
ar
work.
sh
even though/if In spite of the fact that prices went down recently, the
company made
as
in spite of the fact that a huge profit.
despite the fact that Notwithstanding the fact that the government was weak at
w
that time,
notwithstanding (the fact) law and order were maintained.
m e
that
co rc Abridgments of concession clauses:
o. ou
Although in a hurry, he stopped to help the boy.
Although only a boy, he does a man’s work.
er res
Although fond of his work, he wants to find a job that will be more
challenging.
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2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
adversative while Some people spend their spare time reading, while others watch
where (informal) television.
whereas
a
vi
ed
ar
Purpose in order that They climbed higher in order that they might get a better
sh
view.
so (informal) He is saving his money so that he can go to college.
as
so that
for the purpose that
w
Result so + adj. or adv. + that She is so pretty (adj.) that she attracts a lot of attention.
m e
such (a) + noun + that She sang so beautiful (adv.) that everyone applauded her
performance.
so that
co rc She has such pretty hair (noun) that we all enjoy looking at it.
o. ou
It’s such a hot day (sing. count. Noun) that I must go to the beach.
er res
They climbed higher, so that they got a better view.
Comparison as + adj. or adv. + as She works just as hard as her sister works.
(not) so + adj. or adv. + as She doesn’t work so (or as) hard as her sister works.
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2 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
-er + adj. or adv. + than She works harder than her sister works.
more + adj. or adv. + than
Abridgments of comparison clauses (very common):
a
She works just as hard as her sister (does).
vi
She works harder than her sister (does).
ed
ar
Manner as if He looks as if he needs (or needed) more sleep.
sh
as though He hasn’t behaved as a gentleman should behave.
(especially after look, seem, Abridgments of manner clauses:
as
seem, act) He hasn’t behaved as a gentleman should.
w
He left the room as though angry.
The clouds disappeared as if by magic.
m e
He raised his hand as if to command silence.
co rc
o. ou
er res
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Modern English part II—Sentence & Complex Structures

Exercises for Non-native Speakers

Type of Subordinate Conjunction

Wherever possible, the illustrations are taken from literature.

Type of Subordinate Conjunction

Clauses Beginning with Clause Sentences

Type of Subordinate Conjunction

Type of Subordinate Conjunction

They climbed higher, so that they got a better view.

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