LESSON 2

WHAT IS A HERO?

Learning outcomes;
At the end of this Chapter, the student expected to:
 Examine the criteria of being a hero.
 Illustrate the characteristics of a hero.
Classify the groups who revered Jose Rizal

Hero
Noun plural –roes
 a man distinguished by exceptional courage, nobility,
fortitude, etc
 a man who is idealized for possessing superior qualities in
any field (Dictionary.com)

CHARACTERISTICS OF HERO
Sacrifice is the forfeiture of
something highly valued for the sake
Sacrifice
of one considered to have a greater
value or claim.
Determination is a fixed intention or
Determination resolution; a firmness of purpose or
resolve.
Loyalty is the feeling of allegiance or
Loyalty the act of binding oneself to a course
of action.
Courage is that firmness of spirit and
Courage swell of soul which meets danger
without fear.
Dedication is a selfless devotion;
complete and whole hearted fidelity
Dedication
or the act of binding oneself to a
course of action.
A feeling of deep sympathy and
Compassion sorrow for others who are stricken by
 misfortune, accompanied by a strong
desire/action to alleviate the
suffering.
Valor is courage exhibited in war,
Valor and cannot be applied to single
combats.
Selfless is the quality of unselfish
Selfless concern for the welfare of others and
acting with less concern for yourself.
Conviction is a fixed or strong belief;
Conviction a necessity of the mind or an
unshakable belief.
Gallantry is adventurous courage,
Gallantry which courts danger with a high and
cheerful spirit.
Perseverance is a persistent
Perseverance
determination.
Fortitude has often been styled
"passive courage," and consists in
Fortitude the habit of encountering danger and
enduring pain with a steadfast and
unbroken spirit.
Bravery is daring and impetuous
courage, like that of one who has the
Bravery
reward continually in view, and
displays his courage in daring acts.
A fault, often concealed, that mars
the perfection of something. This
Flaw
imperfection often causes
vulnerability.

‘Bayani’ a richer word than ‘hero’

By: Ambeth R. Ocampo - @inquirerdotnet

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 Diksiyionaryong Filipino (2001) that lists three meanings
for bayani :

 a person of extraordinary courage and ability;

 a person considered to possess extraordinary talents or
someone who did something noble (“dakila”);
 a leading man in a play. It was added that a bayani or hero from
mythology were those who had the qualities of the gods,
extraordinary strength, bravery, or ability.

Then there is the Vocabulario de la lengua Tagala by

the Jesuits Juan de Noceda and Pedro de Sanlucar, first
published in 1754 but better known for its 1860 edition that can
be found in Manila and covered with pigskin.
This once-rare book has been made readily available
again by the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino in an edition by
Almario, Ebreo and Yglopaz translated from the original
Spanish into Filipino.
Bayani in this dictionary has several meanings:
someone who is brave or valiant, someone who works toward a
common task or cooperative endeavor (“bayanihan”). It is
significant that bayani comes a few words under “bayan,”
which is defined as: the space between here and the sky.
Bayan is also a town, municipality, pueblo, or nation, and can
refer to people and citizens (“mamamayan”) who live in those
communities, or to those who originate or come from the same
place (“kababayan”). Bayan also refers to the day (“araw”) or a
time of day (“malalim ang bayan”) or even to the weather,
good or bad (“masamang bayan”).

Ang Salitang Bayani sa Pilipinas

Ang salitang 'bayani' ay isang Austronesian salita na dinala ng

ating mga katutubo sa ating bayan. Ang mga bayani ay ang
mga mandirigma kung saan sila ay nangunguna sa
pagtatanggol ng pamayanan laban sa mga kinahaharap na mga
kaaway at mga panganib. Ang ilang sa mga diribatibo ng
salitang bayani ay bajani,majani, bagabnim bahani.

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Sa kultura nating mga Pilipino ang pagiging bayani ay
nasusukat sa katapangan at sa bilang ng napapatay na
kaaway. May iba't-iba itong antas. Ang mga antas na ito ay
kinikilala bilang :
(1) Maniklad, ang pinakamababang uri ng bayani na nakapatay
ng isa o dalawang kaaway, karaniwang siya ay nakasuot ng
putong na pula at dilaw.

(2) Hanagan naman kung tawagin ang nasa ikalawang antas,

siya ay sumasailalim sa riktwal na kung saan ay dapat siyang
sapian ni Tagbusaw, ang diyos ng pakikidigma at kainin ang
atay at puso ng mga kaaway. Karaniwang nagsusuot ang mga
ito ng pulang putong.

(3)Kinaboan naman kung tawagin ang makakapatay ng

dalawampu hanggang dalawamput pito at karaniwang nakasuot
ng pulang pantalon.

(4) Luto naman kung tawagin ang makakapatay ng limampu

hanggang 100 na kaaway at karaniwang nagsusuot ng pulang
jacket.

(5) Lunugum naman ang pinakapaborito ng diyos na si

Tagbusaw dahil dito maipakikita niya ang kanyang katapangan
sa pakikipagdigma kung saaan napatay niya ang kanyang
kaaway sa sarili nitong tahanan. Itim ang karaniwang suot ng
mga ito.

Ayon naman kay Dr. Zeus Salazar ang mga bayani ay mga
taong naglalakbay at bumabalik sa bayan. Isa rin sa kanyang
ipinahiwatig na ang pagkakaiba nang bayani sa salitang heroes.
Sinabi niyang ang mga bayani ay lumalaban ng may
kooperasyon at ang mga heroe (western concept) ay lumalaban
mag-isa. Ang bayani ay hindi kailangang mamatay upang
maging bayani, kailangan niya lang gumawa ng magagandang
impluwensya at mga gawain sa bayan upang tawaging bayani

May iba't-iba ring ibig sabihin ang bayani ayon sa gamit.

Maaraing ang bayani ay Ang pagiging bayani sa panahon
ngayon ay mahirap makamtan ngunit lahat tayo ay may
pagkakataon upang maging bayani sa ating komunidad.

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Further Readings:

 https://opinion.inquirer.net/96994/bayani-a-richer-word-than-
hero
 http://magdingasapoyniifrit.blogspot.com/2014/05/heroism-part-
iii-ang-salitang-bayani-sa.html

Assessment:
1. Aside from Jose Rizal, choose your “Bayani” and state the reasons
for your choice.

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