THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

Who is the greatest hero of the Philippines?

 He was a martyr who died for the QUALITIES OF A HERO:

Filipinos.
 Sacrifice
 Some sectors even call him the
- the forfeiture of something highly
“Tagalog Christ.”
valued for the sake of one considered to
 Filipinos admire him as a man with
have a greater value or claim.
many talents.

In the words of Peñaflorida...
"Our planet is filled with heroes, young and old,
rich and poor, man, woman of different colors,
shapes and sizes. We are one great tapestry.”
"Each person has a hidden hero within, you
just have to look inside you and search it in
your heart, and be the hero to the next one in
need.”
 Determination
- a fixed intention or resolution; a
firmness of purpose or resolve.
 Loyalty
- the feeling of allegiance or the act of
binding oneself to a course of action.
 Courage
- firmness of spirit and swell of soul
which meets danger without fear.

WHAT IS A HERO?
 Dedication
- From the Greek cognate ηρως, in - selfless devotion; complete and whole
mythology and folklore, a hero (male) or hearted fidelity or the act of binding
heroine (female) is an eminent character oneself to a course of action.
who quintessentially embodies key traits
valued by its originating culture.  Intrepidity
- firm, unshaken courage.
- The hero commonly possesses
superhuman capabilities or idealized  Valor
character traits which enable him or her
- courage exhibited in war and cannot
to perform extraordinary, beneficial
be applied to single combats.
deeds (i.e., a "heroic deed") for which he
or she is famous. (GlobalOneness,
 Selflessness
2009)
- the quality of unselfish concern for the
welfare of others and acting with less
concern for yourself.
Nowadays, the title of Hero is presented by
various governments in recognition of acts of
 Conviction
self-sacrifice to the state, and great
- a fixed or strong belief, a necessity of
achievements in combat or labor.
the mind or an unshakable belief.
  According to Benedict Anderson, a
nation is an imagined community
because it created delineations and
 Focused artificial boundaries.
- the ability to direct one's energy toward
a particular point or purpose; to
concentrate one's energy. COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE AND THE
NEW PRINCIPALIA

 The growth of an export economy driven

RIZAL AND THE THEORY OF NATIONALISM
by the industrial revolution in the West
 "Nations are fairly recent phenomenon and the expansion of internal trade
in History." transformed the structure of colonial
 When Jose Rizal was born in 1861, society.
there was no Filipino nation.  A multiethnic and multiracial middle
 Bayan originally meant "community"; class quite distinct from the old
over time, as missionaries founded principalia emerged. The most
pueblos or towns, bayan came to mean Hispanized members of colonial society
the pueblo.

The Trouble with Education

What does it mean to be a product of history?
 The claims and aspirations that came
with increased wealth could only
intensified with education, the desire for
The Pueblo and the Reordering of Native
which was itself a natural consequence
Life
of wealth.
THE STORY OF RIZAL BEGINS IN THE
LAGUNA TOWN OF CALAMBA  Pierre Bourdieu calls it "cultural capital."

 Bajo de la Campana - hearning distance "habitus" - socially acquired habits and

of the church bell Township - territory dispositions that serve as a ready

comprising of several barangays template for generating perceptions,

thoughts, and actions in everyday life.

 Poblacion - Quijano de Manila describes

as "the infrastructure of Philippine  The Rizal family showed appreciation for

civilization" was first laid. the value of education. The spouses

Francisco and Teodora, themselves
The collection of barangays into larger units
rather well-education by
"encouraged a broader sense of community,"
contemporaneous standards, invested
beyond one's kin. -Fernando
heavily in the formal education of their
children.

NATION: AN IMAGINED COMMUNITY?

  Schumacher observes that the first - There was hierarchy in the class:
assertion of equality with Spaniards and emperor, tribune, decurion, centurion
the first conscious effort efforts to obtain and standard bearer.
recognition of native capacities date
from the same period when non-
peninsular youth began to attend the 1. RIZAL: A Successful Externo

university in relatively large numbers to - Rizal was part of

obtain advanced degrees. - Carthaginian empire and

- became an emperor on
- the latter days.
FORMAL EDUCATION OF JOSE RIZAL IN
MANILA AND EUROPE 2. RIZAL: The Prophet and Bookworm
RIZAL IN MANILA - He dreamt about the release of her
mother and had an interest in
COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN
reading.
 Jose Rizal took the entrance
examination in Letran but he didn’t 3. Rizal’s Low Point
pursue his studies. This schools are run - Despite the happiness brought by
by the Dominican priests. the released of her mother, Rizal
was melancholic about the result of

ATENEO MUNICIPAL DE MANILA her scholastic work.

 He was admitted in Ateneo which was

ruled by the Jesuits. It was formerly 4. Fr. Sanchez, inspiration of Rizal
called as Escuela Pia. - Rizal favorite teacher, Fr. Sanchez
inspired and showed him affection
and gratitude.
RIZAL IN ATENEO

ADMISSION TO ATENEO
5. Rizal as Sobresiliente
 Fr. Magin Ferrando was refused to
- He graduated with the highest honor
admit Rizal because of his physique and
together with his nine classmates.
late admission.

RIZAL’S PROFESSORS IN ATENEO

 EMPIRES IN THE CLASS
 Fr. JOSE BECH
- The class was divided into two empires:
- The first professor of Rizal with mood
Roman and Carthaginian.
swings, lunatic and uneven humor

 COMPETTION IN CLASS
 Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez
 - His best professor who was an
inspiration, earnest and caring.
 Don Augustin Saez
- Guided Rizal to cultivate his skills in
drawing and painting.
 Fr. Jose Vilaclara
- Advised Rizal to concentrate more
on practical studies.
 Romulado de Jesus
- A Filipino sculptor that instructed
Rizal in sculpture.
RIZAL IN UNIVERSITY OF SANTO THOMAS
In 1877, Rizal enrolled in the University of
Santo Tomas that ran by the Dominican
priests.
1. Philosophy and Letters
2. Land surveyor and assessor
3. Medicine Ophthalmology
 DISCRIMINATION OF TEACHERS
- Filipinos were discriminated by the
Dominican professors and they tend
to stop attending their classes.
 BULLYING TO FILIPINOS
- White men were superior inside the
class and they had given more
opportunity to speak than the brown-
skinned men.
 STYLE OF TEACHING
- The method of teaching was more on
memorization, obsolete and
repressive.
RIZAL’S EDUCATION IN EUROPE
 Rizal decided to study in Madrid.
Paciano encouraged his brother to study
abroad to accomplish a secret mission.
RIZAL IN UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE
MADRID
 Rizal continued his medicine and
philosophy and letters in Madrid, Spain.
 Rizal joined the demonstration.
- He joined the student demonstration
for Miguel Morayta, who was the
head of Spanish history in UCDM.
 Morayta, a liberal professor
- He fought the academic freedom of
teacher and science.
 Rizal finished his degrees.
- At the age of 23, Rizal received his
Licentiate in Medicine and pursued
his Doctor of Medicine.
 Rizal attended classes in University of
Paris and assisted in the eye clinic.
 From November 1885 to February 1886,
he worked as an assistant of Dr. Louis
de Weckert to learn the
ophthalmological operations.
RIZAL IN UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG
  Rizal attended lectures of Dr. Otto
Becker and Prof. Wilhelm Kuehne of the
University of Heidelberg. He worked in
the University Eye Hospital under the
guidance of Dr. Otto Becker.

RIZAL IN WILHELMSFELD

 Rizal stayed with Dr. Karl Ullmer’s

pastoral house.
 He became friends with the whole family
of Dr. Ullmer who was generous and
kind to him.

 Rizal went to University of Leipzig.

- He attended classes in psychology
and history befriend with Prof.
Friedrich Ratzel and Dr. Hans Meyer.

RIZAL IN BERLIN

The University of Berlin

 Rizal worked as an assistant of Dr.

Schweigger in his clinic.

 Rizal joined in the Scientific Circles in

Berlin. He was the first Filipino to be
recognized by the German scientists
upon the recommendation of his good
friends in Germany.

RIZAL AND FAMOUS SCHOLARS OF HIS

TIME

1. Prof. Friedrich Ratzel

2. Dr. Hanz Meyer
3. Dr. Feodor Jagor
4. Dr. Rudolf Virchow
5. Dr. Hans Virchow