TYPES OF SENTENCE (STRUCTURE)

Simple Sentence Structure

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause. (An independent clause contains a subject
and verb and expresses a complete thought.)

 Bilal likes coffee.

 Mary likes tea.

Compound Sentence Structure

A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or

semicolon. Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.

 I like coffee and Mary likes tea.

 Mary went to work but John went to the party.
 Our car broke down; we came last.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions:

 and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Complex Sentence Structure

A complex sentence consists of an independent clause plus a dependent clause. (A dependent

clause starts with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun, and contains a subject and
verb, but does not express a complete thought.)

 We missed our plane because we were late.

 Our dog barks when she hears a noise.
 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
 Do you know the man who is talking to Mary?

Here are some common subordinating conjunctions:

 after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until,
when, where, whether, while

Here are the five basic relative pronouns:

 that, which, who, whom, whose

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Compound-Complex Sentence Structure

A compound-complex sentence consists of at least two independent clauses and one or more

dependent clauses.

 John didn't come because he was ill so Mary was not happy.
 He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five minutes later.

Part OF Speech

Definition

A part of speech is a particular grammatical class of words.

 Noun
 Pronoun
 Adjective
 Verb
 Adverb
 Preposition
 Conjunction
 Interjection

Noun
Name of person, place , thing or idea.
 Bilal ,Landon , Table ,Hope etc.
 Ali use a blue pen for his notes.

Pronoun
A pronoun is used in place of noun or noun phrase to avoid repetition.
 I ,You , It ,We , Us , Them , Those etc.
 I want her to dance with me.

Adjective
Describes, Modifies or give more information about a noun or pronoun.
 Cold, Happy, Fun etc.
 The little girl has a pink hat.

Verb
Show an action or a state of being.

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  Go , Speak, eat, live etc.
 I listen to the word and then repeat it.

Adverb
Modifies a verb , an adjective or another adverb .it tells how (often), where ,when.
 At, on, in, from, with, about.
 Yesterday ,I ate my lunch quickly.

Preposition
Shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.
 At ,on , in from , with et.
 I left my keys on the table for you.

Conjunction
Join two words , ideas , phrases together and shows how they are connected.
 And, or, but, because, yet, so.
 I was tired but still finished it.

Interjection
A word or phrase that expresses a strong emotion. It is short exclamation.
 Ouch!, wow!, oh!
 Wow! passed my exam.

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 TYPES OF SENTENCE (MEANING)

There are four types of English sentence, classified by their purpose:

 declarative sentence (statement)
 interrogative sentence (question)
 imperative sentence (command)
 exclamative sentence (exclamation)

  form Function example sentence final

(clause) punctuation

1 declarative statement: It tells us John likes Mary. .

something

2 interrogativ question: It asks us Does Mary like John? ?

e something

3 imperative command: It tells us to do Stop! ! or .

something Close the door.

4 exclamative exclamation: It expresses What a funny story he !

surprise told us!

1. Declarative Sentence (statement)

Declarative sentences make a statement. They tell us something. They give us information, and
they normally end with a full-stop/period.

The usual word order for the declarative sentence is:

 subject + verb...

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Declarative sentences can be positive or negative. Look at these examples:

positive negative

I like coffee. I do not like coffee.

We watched TV last night. We did not watch TV last night.

Declarative sentences are the most common type of sentence.

2. Interrogative Sentence (question)

Interrogative sentences ask a question. They ask us something. They want information, and they
always end with a question mark.

The usual word order for the interrogative sentence is:

 (wh-word +) auxiliary + subject + verb...

Interrogative sentences can be positive or negative. Look at these examples:

positive negative
3. Imperative Sentence (command)

Imperative sentences give a command. They

Do you like coffee? Don't you like coffee? tell us to do something, and they end with a
full-stop/period (.) or exclamation mark/point
(!).

Why did you go? Why didn't you go? The usual word order for the imperative
sentence is:

 base verb...

Note that there is usually no subject—because the subject is understood, it is YOU.

Imperative sentences can be positive or negative. Look at these examples:

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 positive negative

Stop! Do not stop!

Give her Don't give her coffee.

coffee.

4. Exclamative Sentence (exclamation)

Exclamative sentences express strong emotion/surprise—an exclamation—and they always end

with an exclamation mark/point (!).

The usual word order for the exclamative sentence is:

 What (+ adjective) + noun + subject + verb

 How (+ adjective/adverb) + subject + verb

Look at these examples:

 What a liar he is!

 What an exciting movie it was!
 How he lied!
 How exciting the movie was!

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