Modern Approach to the Road Traffic Management

in Cities of Ukraine: Case Study of Kyiv Municipal

Company "Road Traffic Management Center"
Victor Cherniy Sergiy Bezshapkin Olena Verenych
Director Deputy Director of the Department Dr.Eng., As. Prof. of Project Management
Kyiv Municipal Company Kyiv Municipal Company Department & Lead Engineer of the Service
"Road Traffic Management Center" "Road Traffic Management Center" Despotion of TZRDR of the Road Traffic
Kyiv, Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine Guiding
grosa@ukr.net sergbez@gmail.com Kyiv National University of Construction
and Architecture & The Municipal
Ihor Vasyliev Olena Sharovara company "Center for Traffic Organization"
Head of Unit of geoinformation Assistant of the Project Management in Kyiv
technologies Department Kyiv, Ukraine
Kyiv Municipal Company Kyiv National University of Construction verenych@ukr.net/ORCID: 0000-0003-
"Road Traffic Management Center" and Architecture 0972-6361
Kyiv, Ukraine Kyiv, Ukraine
via1968@ukr.net omsharovara@gmail.com/ ORCID: 0000-
0003-3429-1486

Abstract—Important indicators of sustainable development II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

of living space in urban settlements (city, town, settlements)
include, in particular, the number of road accidents on the street
and road network. For the last three years, the Kyiv Municipal
Company "Road Traffic Management Center" has been
developing and implementing a sophisticated approach to the
Road Traffic Management in Kyiv (Ukraine). The approach
proposed is possible when using a modern Geographic
Information System (GIS) technologies, spatial databases, web-
cartography. The paper describes the company had carried case
study using the pilot project for studying the possibilities of
developing General City' Road Traffic Management Scheme
and further implementation in processes of planning, analysis
and making decisions in the Road Traffic Management activities
and processes.
Keywords—project, road traffic, road traffic accidents, road
traffic management, traffic engineering, knowledge management,
smart city
I. INTRODUCTION
Important indicators of sustainable development of living
space in urban settlements (city, town, settlement) include, in
particular, the number of road accidents on the street and road
network. They can be considered in particular as a result of
traffic organization procedures and activities of local
authorities and affect the general characteristics of the safety
and quality of life cities' residents.
Following Ukrainian law, the Road Traffic Management
(hereafter - RTM) [1] activities are based on RTM project
(RTM schemes). Now in most cases, RTM schemes are
developed for limited parts of the cities' road network. This
spatial limitation does not allow to develop a comprehensive
solution and to make decisions aimed at road safety
improvement for all cities' road networks. In modern
conditions when the intensity of road traffic and the number
of cars in cities are rapidly growing, finding the ways to
overcome that limitation and complex solution for providing
road safety are critical activities for local authorities and
companies.
The increase in the number of cities in the world over the
past 70 years maintains a growth trend. According to the UN,
the world's urban population in 2018 reached 4.2 billion, or
55% of the total world population [2].
These rates of growth are staggering. The urban
population will prevail in the twenty-first century.
According to the UN forecast, the urban population of
developing countries will reach 3.6 billion people, and its
share in the urban population of the world will exceed 10%
[2].
In Ukraine, urban growth trends are also present. They
differ from the world, but they comply with the same
principles.
One of the key trends of modern urbanization is the
enlargement of cities, increasing the population concentration
in urban areas. It is a reason for the enlarge of urban
agglomerations. The fifteen largest urban agglomerations of
Ukraine make up over 39% of the total urban population of
the country. Kyiv's development is particularly dynamic. Its
share in the urban population of Ukraine increased from 5.8%
to 9.5% from 1960 to 2015 [3].
The growth of the city is a challenge not only for the social,
medical, educational, economic and financial spheres of life
but also to the "arteries" and "veins" of the city, which is the
road transport system.
According to the World Bank’s report on the assessment
of urbanization in Ukraine [4], "... the administration has to
reconsider its plans for developing and building up
infrastructure…" and "... to support the further growth of those
urban centres that are growing.
The growth of cities affects the organization and planning
of urban infrastructure development with the possibility of
taking into account the growth of its population. Note that
urban urbanization in the country is not due to the construction
of new cities, but due to changes in existing ones. Changes
occur due to the densification of housing, in fact, “embedding”

978-1-7281-0903-9/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE

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of new residential buildings, business complexes in existing
buildings. Such approaches create an additional burden on the
road transport network, creating places of transport
concentration, provoking road traffic accidents, worsening the
ecology of the city due to large population movements
between the "sleeping" and "working" areas. The authors of
this article consider the use of modern approaches (including
the use of artificial intelligence technologies - AI) to the
organization of traffic as one of the possible ways to improve
safety, reduce transportation costs, and improve
environmental performance in cities.
The organization of traffic is based not only on the creation
of new driveways, roads, and junctions but also on the
effective management of existing traffic, that is based on the
analysis and forecasting of traffic situations in the city.
III. RESEARCH QUESTION AND RESEARCH APPROACH
The study aims to develop a traffic management model.
The object of study is Kyiv. The result of the study is the
creation of a prototype information system for analysis,
decision-making, and forecasting the organization of traffic in
Kyiv.
The study was based on scientific publications analysis
and practical approaches available in open sources. The used
approach is based on the set-theoretic models for poorly
formalized problems.
IV. MODEL CREATION
The approaches analysis, related to the organization of road
traffic, showed that most authors of the studies presented
solutions that relate to the organization of traffic flow on the
city's road network. Most of them present traffic management
systems that "are composed of a set of application and
management tools to improve the overall traffic efficiency
and safety of the transportation systems. Furthermore, to
overcome such issue, traffic management system gathers
information from heterogeneous sources, exploits such
information to identify hazards that may potentially degrade
the traffic efficiency, and then provides services to control
them” [5 - 10]. It is very important for our study that they call
such approaches the road traffic management. Different
mathematical methods are aimed to make better road traffic
in cities [11 - 15]. All of the mathematical methods have been
implementing information systems for the management of
traffic light systems or information systems connected with
the Internet of things.
Moreover, sufficient attention is also paid to research on
information technology use for road traffic management.
About effective using informational system “IndorRoad” for
spatial analysis of the concentration of road accidents on the
highway is described in [17]. Others examples using
informational technologies for the traffic organization are
presented in [18 - 20].
However, the main drawback of such approaches is the
fact that the organization of traffic refers exclusively to the
transport network. At the same time, other factors that affect
precisely the process of the road traffic organization are not
taken into account.
If we consider the organization of traffic from the position
of everyone moving on the roads, and it can be transport,
pedestrians, cyclists, Segways, unicycles, then the task takes
on a completely different meaning. In this context, many
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factors that must be taken into account for its effective
organization will bring down traffic. Among such factors can
consider the number of vehicles on the roads, the number of
residents, the number of people who come to work, the
location of workers and dormitory areas, the number of
kindergartens, schools, universities, hospitals, the number of
advertising facilities, road signs, the number of traffic
accidents. Also, it becomes crucial not only information about
the fact of the existence of objects, but also their spatial and
temporal reference.
Road traffic management should take into account
changes and keep a "history" of changes in the surrounding
territory. Thus, the road traffic management model should
allow, based on various data entered, analyzing, generalizing
and predicting the situation on the city road network in order
to organize it effectively to create comfortable living
conditions for its residents and visitors. In this context,
existing transport models cannot be used.
The presence of a large amount of various data describes
and explain the existing road collapses and approaches to
resolving them at the moment cannot be carried out based on
using clear mathematical approaches. Since the problem itself
is poorly formalized, the approaches of set theory for its
representing are used. Based on this approach, the model will
have the following form:
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = {𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑅𝑅𝑇𝑇𝑁𝑁, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃, 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 },
where TM – transport model; TERTM - technical elements
of road traffic management; RTN – road traffic network; TI –
information about transport objects; PI – information about
population; SI – information about social infrastructure.
Each element is complex and has an individual influence
on the result: 𝑓𝑓(𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃, 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 )
Thus, the definition of f (RTM) requires the availability of
processing capabilities for a large number of complex source
data with spatial and temporal dependence.
In the general case, according to the authors, the scheme
of the modern approach to the road traffic organization in the
city using information technology and AI is shown in Fig. 1.
The solution to this problem is impossible without the use
of information technology. Implementation can be
conditionally divided into two blocks: creating a system that
will allow collecting and analyzing data based on which
management decisions are made; allow forecasting on the
base of the data analysis
In general, the corresponding software systems have
already been developed. However, the cost of such a complex,
taking into account the specifics of the city, is worth
significant financial investments that, today, cannot be
allocated. In this regard, the problem arises creating software.
Since the software package itself is a complex system, it was
decided at the first stage to creating a General City 'RTM
Scheme.
The Kyiv Municipal Company "Road Traffic
Management Center" is responsible for system creation.
V. GENERAL CITY ROAD TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SCHEME
For the last three years, the Kyiv Municipal Company
"Road Traffic Management Center" (hereafter - "RTMC") has
been developing and implementing a complex approach to
RTM in Kyiv (Ukraine) [19].
 The basis for this approach was creating General City'
RTM Scheme (GCRTMS) that consists of data about all
elements and objects of city' road network infrastructure and
allows them in space and time relationship [21, 22]. The main
elements and objects are road signs, road marks, traffic lights,
fences, features of road networks parts and segments, and
crossroads [23].
The approach proposed is possible when using a modern
Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies, spatial
databases, web-cartography.
The proposed solution makes it possible to build up
GCRTMS as a convenient interactive tool for entering,
displaying, storing and analyzing data on technical elements
of road traffic management (TERTM) and other objects of
urban infrastructure in decision-making [24].
The case study described used the pilot project had been
carried by RTMC for studying the possibilities of developing
GCRTMS and further implementation in processes of
planning, analysis, and making decisions in RTM activities
and processes.
The main goal is to give to the city administration, and
companies complex data (including geospatial ones) about
current RTM on the city' road network, a tool for analysis
using feedback of road network users, indicators and data
about road accident, safety [25]. The result was the creation of
a working prototype of GCRTMS, implementation processes
of data collection, interoperation with other automated
systems. Drafts of regulatory documents were prepared.
Fig. 1. Modern approach to The Road Traffic Management using
Information system and AI.
Fig.2. Architecture of GCRTMS
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VI. DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKING PROTOTYPE OF THE
GENERAL CITY ROAD TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SCHEME
The main steps were done during the case study as
presented (1) the building up GCRTMS object model (set of
objects, features, relationships); (2) development of
technology for collecting, storing, analyzing, transmitting and
displaying data of TERTM (for inventory records); (3)
providing GCRTMS design by up-to-date and reliable data
about TERTM (including geospatial data about the
displacement of TERTM along city' road network) and other
urban infrastructure objects and elements; (4) development of
the mapping technology of TERTM according to legal,
regulatory demands; (5) implementation of GCRTMS
prototype in RTMC working processes.
The pilot project had a set of activities that could be
grouped in the following directions:
• organizational activities;
• methodological support;
• software support;
• information support.
A. Organizational activities
Organizational activities included pilot project purpose
and objectives defining, defining the subjects, RTMC
divisions needed for the project implementation, setting
interaction and communications RTMC divisions, and
personnel training, holding the workshops, preparing and
presenting the results obtained.
New structural units of RTMC were created for project
implementation. These units were in the duty of developing of
a system architecture of GCRTMS, database development and
administration, the development and administration of spatial
data processing software, preparing and uploading basic map
and data layers, the development and implementation of
TERTM surveying, survey results office analysis, TERTM
mapping, working with archival materials, developing
analysis methods, algorithms and tools.
B. Methodological Support
The Project’s Methodological support consisted of the
study of the current regulatory framework for the GCRTMS
design, study of modern technologies in working with spatial
data, the study of domestic and foreign experience on RTM,
the technological solutions development, methodological
documents preparation, and training of the RTMC staff.
During the study of the regulatory framework in place,
more than fifty documents were processed. The results of the
study gave legal basis for developing the GCRTMS object
data model and database structure, object classifiers, features
values dictionaries, the GCRTMS set of symbols, data
processing procedures, RTMC units' interactions order.
The architecture of GCRTMS developed during the pilot
project presented on Fig. 2.

Fig. 3. The main processes for the GCRTMS creating and maintaining
The main processes for GCRTMS creation, maintenance
and use presented on Fig. 3. These processes were identified
and/or developed during pilot project implementation.
The TERTM database is an information core of GCRTMS.
The TERTM database contains coordinate, attribute and
metadata about TERTM and other objects of urban
infrastructure (more than 150 types of objects), links to the
documents and photos repositories of TERTM, spatial
coordinates and base map.
A set of administration activities for TERTM database
administration is needed to provide the TERTM database
functioning. Some information sources are used for data entry.
The main sources are TERTM surveying, RTM projects and
schemes archival documents, National Police of Ukraine
orders.
At the stage of the TERTM surveying, the main source of
information is the TERTM field inspection. The quality of
data increases during the time because of several field
inspection and getting feedback from the users.
Data can be presented in different forms, for example,
cartographic images, tables, graphs. Their formation, content
and territorial scope are determined by the specific requests to
the TERTM database for working with them using special
software tools are provided.
The main form of presentation of the spatial and feature
information about RTM is the GCRTMS. It can be used both
individually and as part of other documents (project graphic
materials, reports, requests, specifications). According to the
requirements, fragments of GCRTMS can be printed in paper
form, including RTM diagrams (drawings). GCRTMS can be
used as source dataset for designing construction projects
(reconstruction, repair) of elements of the city road network in
Kyiv.
The GCRTMS compares current and designed RTM, to
analyze the impact and forecast consequences of their
implementation on road traffic safety.
Dealing with data can also be done using spatial analysis
features that allow solving a wide range of practical tasks that
are related to RTM (for example, road traffic accidences
concentration determining).
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C. Software Support
The Software support for the pilot project was carried out
as the part of development and administration using open-
source software (QGIS, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, MapServer)
the municipal database of the technical elements of RTM
dislocation (TERTM Database); the spatial data management
tools; the repository of symbols; information web-portal, and
access for personnel to the GCRTMS data (Fig. 4).
The main element of the GCRTMS is a relational database
that is built on a PostgreSQL/PostGIS database system.
Data processing is provided in the RTMC corporate
network by using standard and specially developed tools in
QGIS environment, as well as individual plug-ins and a
mapping web portal developed by the Python, JavaScript,
PHP, OpenLayers library. Software GIS MapIT collector is
used to collect data about TERTM during a field study.
D. Information Support
The Project’s Information support included the
preparation base digital map, TERTM surveying in Kyiv,
office studies of the survey results, data entry into the
database, archive data processing, and usage of the GCRTMS
for activities of the RTMC.
The base map was created based on official Kyiv
administration data: digital vector and raster spatial data
(raster images of topographic plans of scale 1:500 and 1:2000,
vector data on buildings and structures, street boundaries,
lighting supports, engineering networks) (Fig. 5). The WMS
protocol is used for working with the base map.
For providing the high quality and fast collection source
data about TERTM in Kyiv, modern technologies based on
using the mobile GIS-collectors and automatic recognition of
the TERTM images on photos and video. Currently,
approximately 35% of Kyiv's road network has been
surveyed, and data on about 55,000 of TERTM have been
collected.
After source data were uploaded into the TERTM
database, the further processing of the survey materials of the
TERTM allows their mapping, attribute and metadata entry.
One of the ways of obtaining data was the archival paper
materials processing (objects' passports, projects documents,
RTM schemes, acts of completed works, instructions). It gave
possibilities to create registers of 1.5 thousand of the TERTM
complexes containing digital archives documents that are
related to these objects (Fig. 6).
The external tools for the RTM design were considered as
one of the information sources for the general RTM scheme.
These tools are based on computer-aided-design-systems
(hereafter - CAD). For using CAD, the appropriate technology
was developed that ensures the import design solutions
developed by CAD tools into GCRTMS, for example,
AutoCAD Map (Fig. 7).
Using GIS-applications for combining of the spatial data
about TERTM and other objects of urban infrastructure made
possible to form their cartography view in the accepted
schematics symbols in the GCRTMS form and, if necessary,
its special parts (Fig. 8).
GCRTMS allows displaying not only the information
stored in the database but also entry information about new

Fig. 4. The cartographic web-portal of the GCRTMS
Fig. 5. The fragment of the base map for GCRTMS
Fig. 6. The example of the fragment of the traffic lights objects register
using an external software module
objects ("design layers"). Some examples are presented in
Fig. 9: determining the blackspots, searching for violations in
current RTM, optimizing the location of TERTM, geocoding
objects.
Fig. 7. The example of the import data from AutoCAD Map into the
TRTM database and their viewing on the general RTM scheme
Fig. 8. Fragment examples of GCRTMS
Fig. 9. The spatial analysis example using the general RTM scheme
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The implemented pilot project and developed prototype of
GCRTMS fully compliant with the main goals of the case
study. The complex of organizational, methodological,
software and information activities make up the technology of
the GCRTMS creation for the settlement following the
relevant guidelines.
VII. RESEARCH FOR PRACTICE
The GCRTMS provides up-to-date and reliable
information about actual RTM for local authorities, the public
utility corporations, enterprises and other entities whose
activities affect the development and condition of urban space,
for territory planning; planning RTM activities, including
suburban areas; RTM sections development in construction
projects, reconstruction and overhaul of street objects, and
other objects of urban development; monitoring of the traffic
engineering condition; certification of road network objects;
analysis of the road safety level and the effectiveness of the
implemented RTM activities; development of city' transport
model; GCRTMS is used for informational means of road
traffic participants.
The main functions of GCRTMS are (1) display TERTM
displacement on the city road network; (2) creation and design
of new TERTM; (3) carrying out a comprehensive spatial and
statistical analysis of the locations of the traffic engineering
and the objects of urban infrastructure, the road network, and
places of the road accidences concentration; (4) establishing
linkage between the objects, processes and influenced factors;
(5) providing the information exchange with other
information systems realized in the frame of the urban "Smart
City" concepts.
A web-portal is an important functional component. It
provides open access to data and services of CGRTMS using
the Internet.
VIII. MAIN RESULTS
The main results of the project implementation are (1)
Designed and planned organizational, methodological,
software and informational activities for GCRTMS creation;
(2) The working prototype of the GCRTMS for Kyiv city
created with using open-source software; (3) Methodical
recommendations for GCRTMS developing and
implementation was created.
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