Present perfect simple

Form
The present perfect is formed with the
verb to have in the present (auxiliary)
and a past participle (main verb):

have/has Past participle

 I have ridden a bike.

 She has arrived.
In the negative, add not after the
auxiliary verb "to have":
 I haven't ridden a bike.

 She hasn't arrived yet.

For questions just change the word
order:
 Have you ridden a bike? Yes, I
have./No, I haven't.

 I ias she arrived? Yes, she

has./No, she hasn't.

Use
The present perfect is used for:
 Actions that started in the past
and are still going on in the present
(not finished).
 Recent actions.
Actions, recent or not, connected
to the present.

Time expressions

Just ever/never for/since

recently lately
already yet
Note that...
For very recent actions you use
just. It is placed between the verb
have and the past participle.
 She has just bought a
motorcycle.
Questions starting with how long
ask you about duration.
 How long have you had this
car?
Time prepositions for and since are
frequently used:
 I have had this car for two
years. (duration)
 I have had this car since
2010. (point in time when the
action started;
Questions with ever ask you about
past experiences.
 Have you ever seen a Ferrari
Testarossa?
And if the answer is negative you
use never.
 No, I haven't. I have never
seen one.
Already and yet are also very
common in present perfect
sentences.
 I have already finished.
 She hasn't finished yet. (yet is
at the and of negative
sentences)
Appendices II. Extra grammar
2. Complete the sentences with the
present perfect.

a) The use of safety belts

REDUCED (reduce) the number
of deaths due to
automobile accidents .

b)Traffic jams INCREASED

(increase) the pollution in
the city in the last months.

c)New car technologies

INCLUDED (include) new
energy sources and
materials.

d)YOU
HAVE
ALREA
DIED
DECID
 ED
(you/alr
eady/de
cide)
which
car to
buy?
No, I
DECID
EDN’T
(not/dec
ide) a
decision
yet.
e) She BEEN NEVER (never/be)
involved in a car accident.
3.Complete the sentences in the
present perfect with a time
expression.

just since for

never ever
already yet

a)I haven't seen your new

motorcycle ALREADY . Have
you got it here?
b)Have you NEVER changed a
tyre?
c)Torn has JUST checked the
oil twice.
d)She has been a welder SINCE
years.
e)The workshop has been open
YET ten o'dock.
f)Our team has EVER designed
sport cars, but we would like to.
g)He's FOR arrived. He has
been stuck in a traffic jam for
hours.
4. Fill in the gaps with for or since.
a) My friend has been ill in bed SINCE Monday.
b) He hasn't gone to work FOR three days.
c) The air conditioning has given problems SINCE _
I boughth the car
d) She has been driving FOR two hours.
e) I haven't stopped SINCE five o'clock. I'm tired.
f) Have you lived here SINCE you were born?
g) They have been motorists FOR years.
GRAMMAR FOCUS

Use the present perfect for on indefinite time in the past.

Use the simple post for o specific event in the past.
Have you e ve r eaten moroccan food? Yes, I have I ate it once in Paris .

Have you ever had green curry?

No, I haven't I've never eaten it
Yes, I have I tried o several years ogo.
_
1
No, I haven't. I've never hod it.

A Complete these
conversations. Use the
present perfect and
simple past of the verbs
given and short answers.
Then practice with a
partner.

1. A: ARE you ever SANG in a karaoke

bar? (sing)
B: Yes,' I DID. I SANGin one on my
birthday.
2. A: ARE you ever LOST something
valuable? (lose)
B: No, I DIDN’T . But my brother
LOSThis camera on a trip once.
3. A: ARE you ever GOT a traffic
ticket? (get)
 B: Yes. I GOT . Once I GOT a
ticket and had to pay $50.
4. A: ARE you ever SAW a live
concert? (see)
B: Yes. I SAW .I SAW the Black
Eyed Peas at the stadium last year.
5 A: ARE you ever WERE late for an
important appointment? (be)
B: No, I DIDN’T . But my sister
ARRIVED 30 minutes late for her wedding!

6 PRONUNCIATION Linked sounds

A t• Listen and practice. Notice how
final /t/ and /d/ sounds in

verbs are linked to the vowels that

follow them.

A:Have you cooked lunch yet?

A: Have you ever tried Cuban food?
It/ /d/
B:Yes. I've already cooked it.
B: Yes. I tried it once in Miami.
 B PAIR WORK Ask and
answer these questions. Use it
in your responses. Pay
attention to the linked sounds.

Have you ever cut your hair?

Have you ever tasted blue cheese?
Have you ever tried Korean food?
Have you ever lost your ID?
Have you looked at Unit 11 yet?

LISTENING Urn impressed!

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