JOSHUA CUSTODIO BSME 5B

1.
2. For Start-up a unit a short start-up time is basically required but whether the start-up is short or long
is affected by the plant design and it is considered that it is also affected by the operating techniques.

For Shutdown of a unit the unit who does procedure varies by the purpose of shutdown. Ordinary
shutdown and forced cooling shutdown are available as methods of shutdown.

3. Cite the start up of boilers and turbines preparation

a) Check the quantity of starting fuel such as diesel fuel, main fuel, demineralized water for billers,
station service water, chemicals for secondary water treatment, flue additive and so forth,
prepare necessary quantities.
b) Check positions (opened or closed) of valve control and station service air systems, cooling
water systems, feed water & steam systems, fuel system and so forth, and assure that valves are
free from abnormality.
c) Check if inspection windows of the furnace, flue gas, duct and so forth as well as manholes are
positively closed.
d) Check if lubrication systems for turbines, generators, and boilers feed water pumps are normal.
e) Check if generator seal oil systems, internal hydrogen pressure, hydrogen system and stator,
cooling water system are normal.
f) Inspect and prepare instruments and controllers of boilers, turbines, generators and of
auxiliaries.
g) Check brushes of generators and exciter and measure the insulation resistance of generators
and exciter.
h) Measure the insulation of the auxiliary motor, and turn on the power of each auxiliary.
i) Supply demineralized water to condensers and deaetors. Seal and heat deaetors using steam
after water supply.
4.
5. Because in order to make dearanation at the time of clean-up and because hot water and steam
generated after ignition make inflow to the condensate from the starting bypass system.

6. Because if the drum level abnormally drops, the evaporation tube is burnt.When the water level
excessively rises, on the other hand, the superheater is rapidly cooled or drain is brought to the turbine.
Therefore, it should be avoided.

7.Protection of superheater and reheater

 at the time of starting, either no steam or little steam flows to the superheater and
reheater.
 accordingly, metal is superheated to a level that is beyond the tolerated temperature level,
and there is a fear of occurence of break age.
 accordingly, there are limit values in the gas temperature that flows through the
superheater and reheater and also in the metal temperature.
 they are usually of levels which are lower than limit values during operation.
 accordingly, it is necessary to feed steam as much as possible during start-up before feed
of steam to the turbine.
 Usually with a drum boiler, blow is made by about 5% of the rating from the superheater
outlet heater.

8.Ordinary shutdown
 at the time when the load decreases or shutdown, it is desirable that the unit is shut down
while controlling the steam pressure and temperature and like the case of start-up.
 In the process of load decrease, steam temperature at various portions of the turbine
decreases in accordance with boiler’s steam temperature characteristics and the reduction
effect of the turbine regulator valve.
 therefore, it is necessary to decrease the load with the metal temperature change rate kept
within the limit value and so that the turbine life consumption rate will not become excessive.
 in order to suppress thermal stress at the time of next start-up and to shorten the starting time,
it is desirable that the turbine is stopped in a hot state.
Forced shutdown
 when the unit is shut down for execution of a work, it is required that boilers, turbines and
accessories are cooled as quickly as possible depending on the contents of the work to be
executed in this case, such a method that cooling is begun in the process of load reduction is
used.

9.Forced cooling shutdown of turbine

 the turbine is cooled with the main steam temperature & pressure decreased in the process of
load reduction.
 in this case, efforts should be made so that temperature changes equally occur while observing
limit values in the temperature change rate and temperature difference between inside and
outside surfaces.
  Furthermore, care should be exercised so that a superheated system is always supplied to the
turbine.
Forced cooling stop boiler
 the following methods are available for a forced cooling of a boiler after extinction

10.If the vacuum breaker is opened immediately after the trip, rapid braking is applied to the last blade,
and the blade may be damaged.