MATHEMATICS SR.NO. TOPIC Index ed Borel | 1 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS, 2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONESvALtEN lr Trigonometric Ratios and Identities TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY The word ‘trigonometry’ is derived from the Greek words 'trigon' and ‘metron' and it means 'measuring the sides of a triangle’. The subject was originally developed to solve geometric problems involving or navigation, surveyor to map out the new lands, by engineers and others. Currently, trigonometry is used in many areas such as the science of seismology, designing electric circuits, describing the state of an atom, predicting the heights of tides in the ocean, analysing cal tone and in many other areas. (a) Measurement of angles — Two systems of measurement of angles. (@ English System — Here 1 right angle = 90° (degrees) 1° = 60 (minutes) 1 (i) Circular system —Here an angle is measured in radians, One radian corresponds to the angle subtended by an are of length 'r' at the centre of the circle of radius r. It is a constant quantity and does not depend upon the radius of the circle. 10" (seconds) D_R (b) _ Relation between the two systems: 55= => (©) If0 isthe angle subtended at the centre ofa circle of radius’, t by an are of length’ then r Note that here f, rare in the same units and 0 is always in radians. Illustrations IL-1. Ifthe arcs of same length in two circles subtend angles of 60° and 75° at their centres. Find the ratio of theirradii. Sol. Letr, and r, be the radii of the given circles and let their ares of same length s subtend angles of 60° and 75° at their centres. oe hee Now, 60° =(50-2) =(2) ana 15°=(755,5,) =( 3) 180) “(3 180) “\i2) fea Set ender z Ans = s. BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES (1) sino. cosec0= 1 2) cos. seco sin cos an 0. 6 =" & coro= 3) tané.cot 4 cos0 & tO (5) sin’0+cos?0= 1 or sin’ 0JEE-Mathematics 12. Sol. (© sect0— tan 0=1 orsec™0=1 + tan'0 ortan®@=sec" 0 +tano = @) seco-+ tan = SG (8) _cosec? @—cot? = 1 or cosec’9 =I + cot’ or cot? 6 = cosec? @—I es cosecd C018 (10) Expressing trigonometrical ratio in terms of each other : (9) cosecd + cot sind cos tanO cotd tand 1 1 sind sind aaa ‘1+ tan?@ | vi+cot’@ cosec8 7 1 cord 1 cos® | VI-sin’® cos8 —— ae See 1+tan?@ | Vi+cot?@ sec cosecO. tno | Sn tand oe sin’ 6 cot cote 7 l cotd tan® seco |_| 1 | iste |Ate08 | guoq | _soseed_ cos8) cot8 Ieosec? 1 1 1 1+tan?@ > secO cosec 0 Seay ae eee Ne eet cosecO sin@ ee tan sec? 0-1 Illustrations If sin + sin® 0 = 1, then prove that cos'”0 + 3cos'” 6 + 3cos*6 + cos*0-1=0 Given that sin@ = | — sin’ = cos’6 L.H.S. = cos*a(cos"6 + 1)° — 1= sin‘6(1 + sino)’ — 2(sin*@ + cose )—3 (sin'9 + cosa) + 1 is equal to (sine + sin’ey’ — (Ayo (BI © (D) none of these Sol. 2 [(sin’9 + cos%9 —3 sin? 6 cos°0 ( sin9 + cos*0 ) ] ~3 [ (sin%9 + cos*9 )*— 2sin*9 cos?6] +1 2 26] —3 [1 -2 sine cos*9] +1 = 2-6 sin’9 cos’a 3 +6 sin’9 cose + 1=0 Ans.(A) DEFINITION OF T-RATIOS By using rectangular coordinates the definitions of trigonometric y functions can be extended to angles of any size in the following way (see diagram). A point P is taken with coordinates (x, y). The radius.) vector OP has length rand the angle 0 is taken as the directed angle measured anticlockwise from the x-axis. The three main trigonometric functions are then defined in terms of rand the coordinates x and y. sind = yr, cosd=x/t, tano =y/x, (The other function are reciprocals of these) This can give negative values of the trigonometric functions. 2ESvALtEN Trigonometric Ratios and Identities SIGNS OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS IN DIFFERENT QUADRANTS 90, 3/ Mguadant | Tquada cxysne | awe ‘cose We Bs 0,360.28 we Ssccrve Mauadent |v quaant 210, an/2 % TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ALLIED ANGLES (a) sin 2nx-+0)=sin 0, cos 2nx +0) = cos 0, where n € 1 (b) sin (0) =—sin@ cos (-0)=cos 0 tan (-0)=—tan 0 sin(90° 0) = coso cos(90"— 0) = sind tan (90° -0) =coto sin(90° +6) =coso 03(90° +0) =—sino tan(90° +0) =—coto sin(180°—0)= sino cos(180°-6)=-coso tan 180°—0) =-tano sin(180°+0)=-sind —_—_cos(180°+0)=-cosd tan 180° +0) =tano sin(270°—)=-coso —_cos(270°—0)=-sind ——_tan(270°-0) =coto sin(270°+0)=-coso —_cos(270" +0) = sino tan(270° +0) =-coto sin(360°—0)=-sino —_cos(360"-0) = coso tan(360°—0) =-tano sin (360° + 6) =sino c03(360° +0) = cosd tan(360° +0) =tano __ VALUES OF T-RATIOS OF SOME STANDARD ANGLES Angles! 9° | 30° 45° 60” 90° 180° | 270° 0 6 wd Ws wd x ‘Bald Isin@ 0 12 uz 3/2 1 0 1 Icos 0 1 3/2 V2 1/2 0 -1 0 ano 0 1 8B ND. 0 ND. lcot ND. 1 V3 0 N.D. 0 Isec 8 1 23 2 2 ND. al ND. Jcosecd ND] 2 28 1 ND. -1 N.D. > Not Defined (a) sin nx =0; cos ne =(-1)"; tan nx = 0 where n ¢ | (6) sin@n+1)4 = (1) cos(2n+1) = where nel 3JEE-Mathematics Illustrations 1-4, Ifsino= 1 ind tan 0 = TF then 8 is equal to - 2 (A) 30° (B) 150° (©) 210° (D) none of these Sol. Letus first find out 6 lying between 0 and 360°, Since sin@= 1 1 J = 0=210° or 330° and tano= = 0=30° or 210° Z Hence ,6=210° or ae is the value satisfying both. Ans. (C) % GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS ® (i) y=cosx Y f 1 x Lx Xa fe xt ~ x ls fet bei Te VEIN ry VY y TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF THE SUM & DIFFEREN vO ANGLES @) — sin(A+B)=sin A cos B + cos A sin B. Accos B—cos A sin B. Gil) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B- sin A sin B (iv) cos (AB) =cos Acos B+ sin sin B tan A+ tanB ; tan A ~tanB oe mAtanB (tan (A-B)= Tava an cot Beot A= cot Boot A +1 (vii) cot(A +B) = (viii) cot (AB) = cot B+ cot A cot B-cot A + Some more results () sin’ A~ sin’ B = sin (A + B). sin(A ~ B) = cos? B ~ cos? A. (ii) cos? A ~sin? B = cos (A+B). cos (A ~ B).ESvALtEN Trigonometric Ratios and Identities 1-6. Sol. Illustrations Prove that /3 cosec20°—see20° = 4, 3B 1 sin20° cos20°—_sin20°.cos20° LHS. = f oo 2sin 20°cos20° I cos 20°— 4 sin20") {sin 60.cos20° - cos60°.sin 20°) 7 sin 40° Prove that tan70° = cot70° + 2cot40° . tan 20° + tan 50° tan 20° tan 50° or tan70° — tan20° tanS0° tan70° = tan20° + tanS0° L.H.S. = tan 70° = tan(20° + 50°) = or tan70° = tan70° tan50° tan20° + tan20° + tan50® =cot70° + 2cot40”_ = RAS. 2 tan 50° + tan20° 1-7, FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM THE PRODUCT INTO SUM OR DIFFERENCE 2sin A cos B = sin (A+ B) + sin (A-B). 2cos A sin B= sin (A +B) ~sin (A~B), 2.cos A cos B = cos (A +B) + cos (A—B) 2sin A sin B = cos (AB) ~cos (A +B) Illustrations tan(A+B)_ A+] tan(A=B) 2-1 If sin2A =), sin2B, then prove that > 'sin2B~ 1 Applying componendo & dividendo, sin2A+sin2B A+ = (Be) (@ 2eos| “2 ** |sin| (A+B)co(A-B) __2+1 in(A+B)cos(A—B)_ +1 cos(A +B)x—sin(A—B) —(A—1) = cos(A+B)sin\A—B) 4-1 tamA+B)_ A+] = tan(A +B)cot(A -B) > tan(A=B) 2-1 5JEE-Mathematics ~ FORMULAE TO TRANSFORM SUM OR DIFFERENCE INTO PRODUCT : = 76-D\ 7c.) @ — sinC +sin D=2 sin | —— Jeos | C+D). (c-D Gi) sinC~sin D=2cos |] sin | — (iii) (iv) Illustrations sin 50 + sin20~sin0 TB Zo550 + 200830-+2c0s"0-+cos0 SeaNal1O- (A)tan 0 (B) cos 0 Ceo (D) none of these a 2sin 20cos30 + sin 20 +1) can 2c0830.cos 20 + 2c0s30 + 2c0s70 ~ 2[ c0s30(cos20 +1) +(cos? a) sin20(2c0s30-+1) eos" 6(2.e0s301) Ans. (A) 19, Sol. 2¢0s36°sin 54° sin $4°] = [sin 90° + sin 18°sin 54°] = 4ft-(oins4°—sint 8%] =4f1— sin 8°c0536"1 =4 2sini® casi 8cos36"|= tf aL cosi8” 4 = 2 mores") Af ne a4 2eost8® | 4| 2sin 72°” % TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUM OF MORE THAN TWO ANGLES @ sin(A+B+O =2sinA cosB cosC — Iisin A = cos cosB cosC [tanA + tanB + tanC ~ tanA tanB tanC] (i) cos (A¥B+C) = cosA cosB cosC — sin sinB cosC =Tlcos A — inAcosBeosC + sinBeosAcosC + sinCcosAcosB —sinAsinBsinC nA cosB sinC — cosa sinB sinC in A sin B cos C= cos A cos B cos C [1 — tanA tanB —tanB tanC —tanC tana] tanA +tanB+tanC-tanAtanBtanC _S,~ tanAtanB-tanBtanC-tanCtanA 1— (ii) tan (A +B+C) 6Ea Trigonometric Ratios and Identities % TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF MULTIPLE ANGLES (a) ‘Trigonometrical ratios of an angle 2¢ in terms of the angle @ 2tan@ q 20=2si = @ _ sin20=2sinocoso= [a5 (ii) cos 26 = cos* @— sin? 6 = 2 cos? @ Gil) 1 + cos 20=2 cos? 0 (iv) 1 -cos20=2 sin’ @ w) 2tan® vi) tan20= w 1-tan? 6 (b) ‘Trigonometrical ratios of an angle 30 in terms of the angle 0 @ — sin30=3sine— "6. (ii) cos36 = 4cos*# — 3cos0. 3tan0 tan’ 6 (ii) | tan39=— (ye 1-3tan°@ Illustrations 20082. 1-10, Prove that: 2298241 = tany60° +A) tan(60°— A) 2cos2A_ Sol. R-HLS. = tan(60° +A) tan(60°— A) tan60°+ tan A a (Se4] soma) (coer US aarenn)" (i= ian Jie ia 3 sin A cos’ A 5sin A “cos A 20s" A +cos* A ~2sin* A +sin? A 2(cos? A ~sin? A) + cos? A + sin’ 2(cos’ A - sin? A)-(sin? A + cos’ I-11. Prove that : tanA + tan(60° + A) + tan(120° + A) = 3tan3A Sol, LHS. =tanA + tan(60° +A) + tan(120° +A) = tanA + tan(60° +A) + tan{ 180° (60° —A)} ‘anA + tan(60° + A) —tan(60° A) [+ tan(180°—9)=-tan0]JEE-Mathematics = tan 4 t2N60°+ tan tan60°—tanA _ aya, VB+tanA V3 —tand n60°tan A 1+ tan60°tan A 1-VBtanA 1+ VBtanA mtana + 232 fan A + 3tan A + V3 tan? A ~ V3 + tam A + 3tan A ~ V3 tan? A (1-3 tan Ay + V3 tan A) Stan A=3tan' A+ Stan A stan A+ Sma ee 1-3tan? A 1-3tan? A _ Stan A = 3tan' A Cae A) nan =Ru1s 1-3tan? A tan? A TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SUB MULTIPLE ANGLES Since the trigonometric relations are true for all values of angle 6, they will be true if instead of 6 be a) substitute — substitute = @ (il) cosd = cos (iii) ty) ii) x) 1a VT e050 &) iesind = Vimsind Vi+sin0 ¢ Vi=sind vi + tan? 0-1 2 tanESvALtEN Trigonometric Ratios and Identities Illustrations he 1 T12, sin 675°+ cos675° is equal to “ svat ®t fa-22 © 4(vi2v2) (D) 4[vav = viFsin 135° Sol. (using cos +sinA = Jisin2A ) ‘Ans,(A) TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME STANDARD ANGLES 5 2 al =c0s72° =c0s—= x i 18°=sin 2 = @ — sinig?= sin 1 sins4°= sin 2% i 36° = cos = i) £0836" = cost 2n_ flo+2V5 Git) sin 72°= sin = = OFAN _ cgsi8 = cos 5 4 10 i 36°= sin (iv) sin sing () _sinis°= (wi) 2 "B41 2 (ix) Oo) Illustrations 142° + sin6®. 1-13, Evaluate sin78° — sin66° — Sol. Theexpression = (sin78° —sin42°) — (sin66° - sin6°) = 2cos(60") sin(18°) — 2cos36”. sin30°JEE-Mathematics ° 114, Sol. Sol. CONDITIONAL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES IfA +B +C= 180°, then @ tanA +tanB+tanC=tanA tanB tan Gi) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A aay nn sim Bian rianSian’ <1 gy) sor ron ran =e co Boa (¥)_ sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC (vi) cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C =-1-4 cos cosB cosC A ocB eos’ (vii) sin A + sin B + sin C = 4 cos cos cos— a Bc (ili)cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 +4 sin sin sin Illustrations In any triangle ABC, sin A — cos B = cos C, then angle B is (A) W/2 (B) x/3 (C) a4 (D) 1/6 We have , sin A — cos B = cos C sin A= cos B + cos C or A=B-C ; BulA+B+C=x Therefore 2B = x > B= x/2 ‘Ans.(A) ” . A +B+C= = , then cos 2A + cos 2B + cos2C is equal to- 2 (A) | = 4c0sA cosB cos (B) 4 sinA sin B sinC (©) 1 + 2cosA cosB cosC (D) 1 —4sinA sinB sinC cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C =2cos (A +B) cos (AB) + cos 2C ee 31 =2005(%-c} cos (AB) + cos 2C AtBeC= ==2sin C cos (A-B) + 1 = 2 sin’ 1—2sinC [ cos (A-B) + sinC ) 7 ) =1 =2sin€ [cos AB) + sin( (A+B) sin C [cos (A~B)~cos (A +B )] —4sin A sin B sin Ans.(D) 10Trigonometric Ratios and Identities = MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC EXPRESSIONS (acoso +bsind will always lie in the interval -Ja® +b? Va +b°] ie. the maximumand minimum values are Ja? +b, Va? ab, respectively. (i) Minimum value of a tan*0 + 2ab where a, b>0 Git) — Ja? Fb? + 2abeos(a—P) sino 7 > Pare eae 2 5 2 as since, (32) «(28) 8) OR M5 19, Ifsin6 + cosee 0= 2, then the value of sin'o + cosee* @ is equal to - (a2 (By © (D) None of these 20, a+ p-+y=2x, then - (0) tan tan stanton Stan Paan tay an an + tn Bian tan Ltn’ © tanS+tanB stanton Stanton Dy tan tanks ton Bran + tan “tan =0 15JEE-Mathematics EXERCISE-II 5. 1 8 9. 10. ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION(S) CORRECT ANSWER TYPE, 1 t Ifsint + cost = then tan is equal to: 1 1 (A)-1 (B)-5 (2 @)-¢ 7 If secA = and cosecB=* then sec (A +B) can have the value equal to - 85 85 85 85 wy oe — Oy sin30 11 8 Sn = 3 then tan $ can have the value equal o- (a2 B12 ©-2 )-12 fio = DS 088 fe : Frreahe Trecgiy is constant in which of following interval - 3n) 3n 02 En) n= (2) 2 ( 4] 2 G ° ( 2) Oe = Ieos(A~B)=2 & tanAtanB = 2, then - (A) cos AcosB = (B) sinAsinB= (©) COMA+B)=-= (D) sinAsinB== If (3 — 4sin?1y(3 — 4sin°3)(3 — 4sin®3’) ..... (3 — 4sin"(3"~ integers in radian, then the digit at the unit place of (a +b) may be- (ay4 (B)0 8 2 In atriangle tan A + tan B + tan C= 6 and tan A tan B= 2, then the values of tan A, tan B and tan Care w/sinb, where ne N & a, b are (A) 1.23 (B)2,1.3 (1.20 (D) none edn oe lon The value of cos 7;e0s 77-087 €08 5 cos — is cos(n/10) c0s(7/10) (ay Woes (py 2288410) © L08kR19) wo 4 16 16 o Find the maximum and minimum values of following trigonometric function cos? |Z+ x) + (sinx — cos x? (A) Ynax = 3 (B) Yimin = © (©) Ymax= 4 ) Yonin= 1 For y = 10 cos?x ~6 sin x cos x + 2 sin’x (A) Ynax = 1 (B) Yavin = 1 (C) Ymax 18 ) Yuin 16Trigonometric Ratios and Identities COMPREHENSION TYPE Paragraph for question no.11 to 12 Eas Continued product cosacos2acos 2a cos2™la Where, nc I (Integer) On the basis of above information, answer the following questions : a 3 2n 4n 6x 11.) The value of cos*eos->* cos = is - (A) -12 (B) 1/72 © 14 (D) 18 ) If @=55, then the value of [ [oosra js - — — ce os ) 128 128 » 32 12. The value of sin Asm 32 si 3s sn 22) sin( 22) 22) Poh vena a) a 14) lia 7) a} ee 1 1 1 ai ® 5 Oy OG LIST MATCH TYPE 2B. LIST LIST-IL (A) cosec 10°- J3 sec 10°= we -t (B) 408 20°- YZ cot 20°= @ «A 20s 40° — c0s20° : © seq ® 8 (Dp) W2sin10° sit amas = (s) 4 17JEE-Mathematics 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. 2. NUMERICAL VALUE ANSWER TYPE Exact value of tan 200° (cot 10° tan 10°) is... 96,3sin cos cos * cos cos™ has the value W/Ssin 008 C05 -c0s, C05 has the value +b sin 2a then the value of a+b il ~singerayteostes os] ~sin! is cot2: ‘The least value of the expression vsin( 8x) for 0-10x-25=0, then the value of 3 sin?(A+B)- 10 sin(A+B).cos(A+B)-25 cos*(A+B) is [JEE-Main-2018_Online] (10 Q)-10 (3) 25 (4-25 3. IfanangleA ofa AABCsatisfies5 cos A +3=0, then the roots of the quadratic equation, 9x2427x+20=0 are : [JEE-Main-2018_Online] (1) sina, secA (2) seca, cot (3) seca, tan (4) tan, cosA x 4. For any 0< (% on 3(sin0 — cos®)* + 6(sind + cos®)? + 4sin®® equals @ [JEE-Main-2019_Online] (1) 13-4 cos (2) 13 —4 cos*® + 2 sin*ecos?0 (3) 13 — 4 cos% + 6 cos? (4) 13 — 4 cos% + 6 sin*@cos?a 5. The value of cos Coss = [JEE-Main-2019_Online] 1 1 1 O56 > @ x5 4 oa 6 Let fo) = Loin x +cos'x) fork = 1, 2, 3, .... Then for all x € R, the value of £,009 — f,(0 is equal to [JEE-Main-2019 Online} yp = a ao rye OF Oz @7 OD x 7. The maximum value of 3eox04Ssin( 0-7) for any real value of 0 is (JEE-Main-2019 Online] 79 () vio Oe 3) Br (4) 34 9(®eos{ 38s sin’ ( 8. The value of os'{ 2 heos{ 3 }+sin’{ = fain-2020_Online] as) 8 pt a ay i ( 7 @Q) ary (4) 2JEE-Mathematics EXERCISE-A 1. Let P={0:sin0-cos0 = V2cos0} and Q={0:sin0+cos0 = V2sin0} be two sets. Then [JEE-Adv.2011,3] (A) PeQ and Q-P4B_(B)QEP_— (/ PEQ_ — (D)P=Q : e 1 2. The value of P sa( 2+ =D) (Es) is equal to [JEE-Adv.2016] sin( 7+ sin 7 +** (3 (A) 3-3 (B) 26-3) © 203-1) (@) 22+ V3) 3. Let cand be nonzero rea numbers such that 2(cosp— cosa) + coset cos = I. Then which of the following is/are true? (JEE-Ady.2017] “ tan) JStan( 8) 0 8) wan($ }-Gian{ a ° " Ban(& B) «via(2}m()-0 oiafJ-a{t) 4. Leta, b,c be three non-zero real numbers such that the equation —_[JEE-Adv.2018] ae VBacosx+2bsinx=c, X€ [- | has two distinct weal roots 0. and fs with «+ B =~. Then b the value of = is — ANSWER KEY EXERCISE-I tT ® Oo ®) 1) 3B) ® 7 (A) 8% © 9B) 10, (D) uM. © 12. (©) 13. (B) 4 © 6. (€) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (A) EXERCISE-IL 1. (BC) (ABCD) (ABCD) (BD) 5. (ACD) (ABCD) 7. (AB) 8 (BD) 9% (AB). 10, (AB), TL (D) di. (A) 12 (D) 13. (A) > (S); (B) > (Qs (C) LR); (D) > (S) 42 6. 9 16. 2 oe 18, [cosx+cosy+cosz =sinx+ siny+sinz = 0 1». scos( S22) oon Pa a oo 4) 20, =-(2+V3)+verav3 at (a) es27™ gp 5243 . 243 ee To = @ x @ zo o 6 ) 2d) i ) EXERCISE-A (AB) Oy oO 20EI " Quadratic Equation and Expression QUADRATIC EQUATION & EXPRESSION INTRODUCTION The algebraic expression of the form ax? + bx +c, a+ 0 is called a quadratic expression, because the highest order term in itis of second degree. Quadratic equation means, ax’ + bx +¢=0. In general whenever one says zeroes of the expression ax"+bx + c, it implies roots of the equation ax’ +bx +¢=0, unless specified otherwise. A quadratic equation has exactly two roots which may be real (equal or unequal) or imaginary. % SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATION & RELATION BETWEEN ROOTS & CO-EFFICIENTS (a) The general form of quadratic equation is ax? + bx +¢= 0, a0. The roots can be found in following manner This expression can be directly used to find the two roots of a quadratic equation, (b) The expression b’ ~4 ac = Dis called the discriminant of the quadratic equation. (© If a&p are the roots of the quadratic equation ax? + bx +¢=0, then (i) a+B =-bla (ii) oB=c/a Git) {e-p)=VD/ lal (dA quadratic equation whose roots are 0&8 is (x 0.) (X-B)=Oie X°—(a+f)Xx+ af =Oii.e. x? (sum of roots) x + product of roots = 0. Illustrations F-1. Ifa, are the roots of a quadratic equation x? — 3x + 5 = 0, then the equation whose roots are (@—3a +7) and (8? 38 +7) is - (A +4x+1=50 (BX =4x+4=0 (C)x=4x-150 (DD) +2K43 Sol. Since a, pare the roots of equation x?~ 3x +5=0 Putting in (a? — 3a+7) & (f° -38-+7) (i) -547,-54+7 21JEE-Mathematics 2and 2 are the roots. The required equation is x -4x+4=0. Ans.(B) 1-2. Ifaand 8 are the roots of ax? + bx + ¢ = 0, find the value of (aa +b)? + (aB +b)? Sol. We know that a + p= ~ (aa. + by? + (ap + by? = apt +b? +2abp +a°a? +b’ (a'aB + bap + baa +b (aa + ab(ac+ B)+ (2 +B? can always be written as («+ 8)? 2a) b ‘| a? [(a +B)’ = 20] + 2ab(a + B)+2b™ ~ B+ abla. +B) +b? Alternatively Take b=—(a+p)a (aa.+ by? + (ap +b) NATURE OF ROOTS Real and Imaginary Roots b+ VD 2a Consider the quadratic equation ax? + bx +c =0 where a,b,c € R &a + then x= () D>0 e> roots are real & distinct (unequal). (i) D=0 <> roots are real & coincident (equal) Gi) D<0 <> roots are imaginary. (iv) Ifp +iq is one root of a quadratic equation, then the other root must be the conjugate p-iq& vice versa. (p,q eR & v-1) 22